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Aerosol Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, MD, PhD, FCCP. Dr. Vance is a pulmonologist with over 20 years of experience specializing in cystic fibrosis care at the renowned Children's National Hospital. She is a Fellow of the American College of Chest Physicians and has published extensively on aerosol therapy and cystic fibrosis management.
Publisher: The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF). The CFF is a leading non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the treatment and cure of cystic fibrosis. Their publications are widely respected within the medical community for their accuracy and comprehensiveness.
Editor: Dr. Robert Jones, MD. Dr. Jones is a board-certified pulmonologist and a leading researcher in respiratory therapies at the University of California, San Francisco. His expertise in respiratory drug delivery systems makes him uniquely qualified to oversee this publication.
Keywords: aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis, cystic fibrosis treatment, inhaled medications, nebulizer therapy, dry powder inhaler, CFTR modulators, airway clearance, lung function, cystic fibrosis complications, respiratory therapy, aerosol drug delivery, cystic fibrosis management
1. Introduction: The Role of Aerosol Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis Management
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs. The hallmark of CF is the production of thick, sticky mucus that obstructs airways, leading to chronic lung infections and progressive lung damage. Aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis is a cornerstone of treatment, aiming to deliver medications directly to the lungs to address these issues. This article will provide a comprehensive overview of various aspects of aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis, including medication types, delivery devices, and considerations for optimal treatment.
2. Understanding the Mechanisms of Aerosol Therapy in CF
The fundamental principle behind aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis is to bypass the systemic circulation and deliver medications directly to the respiratory tract. This targeted approach maximizes drug efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Aerosols are suspensions of liquid or solid particles in a gas, allowing for deep penetration into the lungs. Different particle sizes are optimal for targeting different areas of the respiratory tract.
Effective aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis depends on several factors:
Particle size: Smaller particles (less than 5 µm) are necessary for reaching the lower airways.
Delivery device: Nebulizers, dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) each have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Patient technique: Proper inhaler technique is crucial for optimal drug delivery.
Medication properties: The physical and chemical characteristics of the drug influence its delivery and efficacy.
3. Types of Medications Delivered via Aerosol Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis
Aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis utilizes a range of medications, including:
Bronchodilators: These medications relax the muscles around the airways, improving airflow and reducing breathlessness. Common examples include albuterol and ipratropium bromide.
Mucolytics: These agents thin the mucus, making it easier to cough up and clear from the airways. Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) is a commonly used mucolytic in aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis.
Antibiotics: Inhaled antibiotics are crucial for treating and preventing lung infections, which are a significant complication of CF. Examples include tobramycin, aztreonam, and colistin.
Anti-inflammatory agents: These medications help reduce inflammation in the airways. Inhaled corticosteroids, such as budesonide, are sometimes used.
CFTR Modulators: These are groundbreaking drugs that target the underlying genetic defect in CF. They are not delivered via all aerosol methods, and their administration varies by type. Examples include ivacaftor, lumacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor. The use of these modulators represents a significant advancement in aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis.
4. Aerosol Delivery Devices: Nebulizers vs. Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)
Two primary devices deliver aerosolized medications:
Nebulizers: These devices use compressed air or ultrasound to create a mist of medication that is inhaled by the patient. Nebulizers are generally easier to use for young children and individuals with less respiratory function, but they are time-consuming.
Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs): DPIs deliver medication as a dry powder, which is inhaled by the patient with a forceful breath. DPIs are portable and faster to use than nebulizers, but require good inhaler technique and may be less effective in patients with severe airflow limitation.
The choice of device depends on individual patient factors, medication properties, and preferences.
5. Optimizing Aerosol Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis: Adherence and Technique
Successful aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis relies heavily on patient adherence and proper inhaler technique. Education and support from healthcare professionals are crucial to ensure that patients understand their treatment regimen and can use their inhalers correctly. Factors impacting adherence include:
Complexity of the regimen: Multiple medications and frequent treatments can be challenging to manage.
Side effects: Some inhaled medications can cause side effects, impacting adherence.
Patient understanding and motivation: Patients need to understand the importance of treatment and feel motivated to adhere to their regimen.
6. Monitoring the Effectiveness of Aerosol Therapy
Regular monitoring of lung function is essential to assess the effectiveness of aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis. This typically involves spirometry (measuring lung volumes) and assessment of symptoms. Other measures include:
Monitoring of sputum cultures: To identify and track infections.
Chest X-rays or CT scans: To evaluate the extent of lung disease.
Assessment of quality of life: To evaluate the impact of the disease and treatment on daily life.
These assessments guide adjustments to the treatment plan, ensuring optimal outcomes for the patient.
7. Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Aerosol Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis
Research continues to advance aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis. Areas of ongoing investigation include:
Development of novel CFTR modulators: Aiming for improved efficacy and broader coverage of CF genotypes.
Smart inhalers: These devices offer features such as medication tracking and personalized dosing.
Combination therapies: Combining different inhaled medications to improve overall treatment effectiveness.
Improved delivery systems: Research is focused on developing more efficient and user-friendly aerosol delivery systems.
These developments promise to significantly improve the management of CF and enhance the quality of life for patients.
8. Conclusion
Aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis is an indispensable component of comprehensive CF management. By delivering targeted medications directly to the lungs, it helps address the core pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, including mucus obstruction, inflammation, and infection. Continuous advancements in medication development, delivery devices, and treatment strategies are improving outcomes for patients with cystic fibrosis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How often do I need to use my aerosol medications? The frequency varies depending on the specific medication and your individual needs. Your doctor will provide a personalized treatment plan.
2. What are the side effects of inhaled medications for CF? Side effects can vary by medication but may include cough, throat irritation, headache, and, rarely, more serious reactions. Your doctor can discuss potential side effects.
3. Can I use a nebulizer and a DPI for different medications? Yes, many patients use both types of devices depending on their medication regimen.
4. How long does it take to see results from aerosol therapy? The time it takes to see improvement will depend on the medication, the severity of your condition, and your adherence to treatment.
5. Is aerosol therapy painful? Generally, aerosol therapy is not painful, though some patients may experience mild throat irritation.
6. How do I clean my nebulizer or DPI? Your doctor or respiratory therapist will provide instructions on cleaning and maintaining your device. This is crucial for preventing infection.
7. What if I forget a dose of my aerosol medication? Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to the time for your next dose. Never double up on doses.
8. Can aerosol therapy cure cystic fibrosis? No, aerosol therapy does not cure CF, but it is vital in managing symptoms and slowing disease progression.
9. How can I improve my inhaler technique? Your respiratory therapist can demonstrate the correct technique and provide personalized instruction.
Related Articles:
1. The Role of CFTR Modulators in Aerosol Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis: This article will delve into the specifics of CFTR modulators, their mechanisms of action, and their impact on CF management.
2. Optimizing Inhaler Technique in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: This article will focus on practical techniques and strategies to improve drug delivery and adherence.
3. Inhaled Antibiotics for Cystic Fibrosis: A Review of Current Practices: This will examine the various inhaled antibiotic options available, their efficacy, and potential side effects.
4. The Impact of Aerosol Therapy on Lung Function in Cystic Fibrosis: This article will analyze the effect of aerosol therapy on various pulmonary function parameters.
5. Adherence to Aerosol Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis: Challenges and Solutions: This will explore the challenges faced in achieving optimal adherence and strategies to overcome these barriers.
6. Comparison of Nebulizers and Dry Powder Inhalers for Cystic Fibrosis Treatment: A detailed comparison of the two main aerosol delivery devices.
7. The Use of Airway Clearance Techniques in Conjunction with Aerosol Therapy: This article examines how airway clearance techniques enhance the effectiveness of aerosol therapy.
8. Long-Term Effects of Aerosol Therapy on Cystic Fibrosis Patients: This study will analyze the long-term outcomes and potential consequences of using aerosol therapies.
9. Emerging Technologies in Aerosol Drug Delivery for Cystic Fibrosis: This will explore the latest innovations in aerosol drug delivery technologies and their potential applications in CF management.
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Drug Delivery to the Lung Hans Bisgaard, Chris O'Callaghan, Gerald C. Smaldone, 2001-10-02 This book focuses on the aerosol treatment of lung diseases, recent improvements in the understanding of proper dosage, and major innovations in device technology applied to clinical practice. Examines the behavior of inspired spherical particles in the respiratory tract!Featuring over 1300 references, drawings, tables, and photographs. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Autogenic Drainage Chevaillier, Jean, 2016-11-30 This work does not provide recipes or standardized solutions for the treatment of patients affected hypersecretion. The reader will find the book necessary ingredients to adapt to drain bronchial disease and the patient's condition, their needs and possibilities. Find relevant information ontology, anatomy, physiology and pulmonary ventilatory mechanics in order to facilitate understanding of the mechanisms involved in bronchial drainage techniques. It also delves into measurements of lung function and its implications. Explains the problems with obstruction and pulmonary physiotherapy assessment, as well as the bases of the bronchial drainage techniques. Not to mention the care of the upper airways. Acquire special mention specific principles of autogenic drainage, showing through performance curves partial expiratory flow-volume, the ability to modulate the flow and volume in the bronchial tree and selectively localize functional bronchial generations drain. Series of tips to standardize ventilation during inspiratory phase as well as the importance of correcting the shape of the rib cage. Explains the use of autogenic drainage in patients collaborators and collaborators, with a section dedicated to autogenic drainage in infants. The last chapters are devoted to explaining the specific physiology of cough with practical implications, special attention is given to inhalation therapy and finally being mentioned techniques as accessory respiratory reeducation and functional analysis, the importance of exercise and positioning, flexible gymnastics, relaxation, the use of oxygen and the rehabilitation effort through sport. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Inhaled Pharmaceutical Product Development Perspectives Anthony J. Hickey, 2017-11-23 Inhaled Pharmaceutical Product Development Perspectives: Challenges and Opportunities describes methods and procedures for consideration when developing inhaled pharmaceuticals, while commenting on product development strategies and their suitability to support regulatory submission. It bridges the gap between the aspirations of scientists invested in new technology development and the requirements that must be met for any new product. The book brings together emerging analytical and inhalation technologies, providing perspectives that illuminate formulation and device design, development, regulatory compliance, and practice. Focusing on underlying scientific and technical principles known to be acceptable from the current regulatory perspective, this monograph will remain useful as a high-level guide to inhaled product development for the foreseeable future. - Discusses development strategies and best practices in the context of regulatory requirements - Written by a broadly qualified expert drawing on the knowledge and critical opinions of key individuals in the field - Includes a foreword by Charles G. Thiel |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco, Nicoletta Pedemonte, Anthony Kicic, 2020-01-27 |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Lung Epithelial Biology in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease Venkataramana K Sidhaye, Michael Koval, 2017-03-09 Lung Epithelial Biology in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease provides a one-stop resource capturing developments in lung epithelial biology related to basic physiology, pathophysiology, and links to human disease. The book provides access to knowledge of molecular and cellular aspects of lung homeostasis and repair, including the molecular basis of lung epithelial intercellular communication and lung epithelial channels and transporters. Also included is coverage of lung epithelial biology as it relates to fluid balance, basic ion/fluid molecular processes, and human disease. Useful to physician and clinical scientists, the contents of this book compile the important and most current findings about the role of epithelial cells in lung disease. Medical and graduate students, postdoctoral and clinical fellows, as well as clinicians interested in the mechanistic basis for lung disease will benefit from the books examination of principles of lung epithelium functions in physiological condition. - Provides a single source of information on lung epithelial junctions and transporters - Discusses of the role of the epithelium in lung homeostasis and disease - Includes capsule summaries of main conclusions as well as highlights of future directions in the field - Covers the mechanistic basis for lung disease for a range of audiences |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Handbook on Injectable Drugs American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2018 ASHP's Guide to IV Compatibility & Stability Backed by quality, peer-reviewed published literature, the Handbook on Injectable Drugs(R) has been a go-to, trusted resource for more than four decades. Authored under the editorial authority of AHFS Drug Information(R) and published by ASHP, it's the global gold standard for IV compatibility and stability information. ASHP's Handbook on Injectable Drugs(R) is now newly updated with the latest information. The 20th edition features 27 new monographs, 23,663 compatibility pairs, and 276 new references. With its 40-year track record of precise, accurate detail, nothing else comes close for compatibility, stability, storage, and preparation of parenteral drugs. ASHP's Handbook on Injectable Drugs(R) is available in print and interactive formats. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Muscarinic Receptors Allison D. Fryer, Arthur Christopoulos, Neil M. Nathanson, 2012-01-06 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have played a key role in the advancement of knowledge of pharmacology and neurotransmission since the inception of studies in these fields, and the effects of naturally occurring drugs acting on muscarinic receptors were known and exploited for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes for hundreds of years before the existence of the receptors themselves was recognized. This volume presents a broad yet detailed review of current knowledge of muscarinic receptors that will be valuable both to long-time muscarinic investigators and to those new to the field. It describes the detailed insights that have been obtained on the structure, function, and cell biology of muscarinic receptors. This volume also describes physiological analyses of muscarinic receptors and their roles in regulating the function of the brain and of a variety of peripheral tissues. This volume shows how the study of muscarinic receptors continues to provide new and surprising insights not just to the cholinergic system but to the broad areas of neurobiology, cell biology, pharmacology, and therapeutics. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Inhaled Medicines Stavros Kassinos, Per Bäckman, Joy Conway, Anthony J. J. Hickey, 2021-02-05 Inhaled medicines are widely used to treat pulmonary and systemic diseases. The efficacy and safety of these medicines can be influenced by the deposited fraction, the regional deposition pattern within the lungs and by post-depositional events such as drug dissolution, absorption and clearance from the lungs. Optimizing performance of treatments thus requires that we understand and are able to quantify these product and drug attributes. Inhaled Medicines: Optimizing Development through Integration of In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches explores the current state of the art with respect to inhalation drug delivery, technologies available to assess product performance, and novel in silico methods now available to link in vitro product performance to clinical performance. Recent developments in the latter field, especially the prospect of integration of three-dimensional Computational Fluid Particle Methods (3D-CFPD) with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK models), unlocks the potential for in silico population studies that can help inform and optimize treatment and product development strategies. In this highly multidisciplinary field, where progress occurs at the intersection of several disciplines of engineering and science, this work aims to integrate current knowledge and understanding and to articulate a clear vision for future developments. ? Considers the healthcare needs driving the field, and where inhaled drugs could have the maximum impact ? Gives a concise account of the state of the art in key areas and technologies such as device and formulation technologies, clinically relevant in vitro performance assessment, medical imaging, as well as in silico modelling and simulation ? Articulates how the combination of in vitro product performance data, medical imaging and simulations technologies in the framework of large scale in silico pre-clinical trials could revolutionize the field ? Provides systematic and thorough referencing to sources offering a more-in-depth analysis of technical issues |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis, Third Edition Margaret Hodson, Andrew Bush, Duncan Geddes, 2012-12-11 This international and authoritative work, which brings together current knowledge in the field of cystic fibrosis, has become established in previous editions as a leading reference in the field. The third edition continues to provide everything that the clinician or allied health professional treating patients with cystic fibrosis will need in a single manageable volume. Thoroughly revised and updated throughout, it reflects the significant advances that have been made in the field since the second edition published in 2000. Cystic Fibrosis evaluates in detail the basic science that underlies the disease and its progression, putting it into a clinical context. Diagnostic and clinical aspects are covered in depth, as are monitoring the condition and the importance of multi-disciplinary care, reflected in the sections into which the new edition has been sub-divided to improve accessibility. Future developments, including novel therapies, are covered in a concluding section. The clinical areas have been much expanded, with the introduction of separate chapters covering sleep, lung mechanics and the work of breathing, upper airway disease, insulin deficiency and diabetes, bone disease, and sexual and reproductive issues. A new section on monitoring discusses the use of databases to improve patient care, and covers monitoring in different age groups, exercise testing and the outcomes of clinical trials in these areas. Separate chapters are devoted to paramedical issues, including nursing, physiotherapy, psychology, and palliative and spiritual care. Throughout, the emphasis is on providing an up-to-date and balanced review of both the clinical and basic sciences aspects of the subject, and to reflect the multi-disciplinary nature of the cystic fibrosis care team. Drawing on the expertise of a team of international specialists from a variety of backgrounds, the third edition of Cystic Fibrosiswill continue to find a broad readership among respiratory physicians, paediatricians, specialist nurses and other health professionals working with patients with cystic fibrosis. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Kendig and Chernick's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children E-Book Robert W. Wilmott, Thomas F. Boat, Andrew Bush, Victor Chernick, Robin R Deterding, Felix Ratjen, 2012-02-25 Kendig, Chernick’s Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children is the definitive medical reference book to help you confront critical challenges using the latest knowledge and techniques. You’ll get the state-of-the-art answers you need to offer the best care to young patients. Tackle the toughest challenges and improve patient outcomes with coverage of all the common and rare respiratory problems found in newborns and children worldwide. Get a solid foundation of knowledge to better understand and treat your patients through coverage of the latest basic science and its relevance to clinical problems. Get comprehensive, authoritative coverage on today’s hot topics, such as interstitial lung disease, respiratory disorders in the newborn, congenital lung disease, swine flu, genetic testing for disease and the human genome, inflammatory cytokines in the lung, new radiologic techniques, diagnostic imaging of the respiratory tract, and pulmonary function tests. Learn from the experts with contributions from 100 world authorities in the fields of pediatrics, pulmonology, neurology, microbiology, cardiology, physiology, diagnostic imaging, anesthesiology, otolaryngology, allergy, and surgery. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Practical Handbook of Nebulizer Therapy Boe Jacob, B. Ronan O'Driscoll, John H. Dennis, 2003-12-12 In research and in clinical practice, the use of nebulizers is often an inconsistent undertaking. Many physicians lack a full understanding of the basic scientific principles of nebulizer therapy, and results published from many clinical studies are impossible to reproduce due to variations in nebulizer systems and usage. In an effort to standardize nebulizer treatment in clinical practice, Practical Handbook of Nebulizer Therapy provides hands-on guidance for frontline healthcare professionals Written for hospital doctors, GPs, nurses, respiratory physiotherapists, and respiratory technicians, this book includes chapters by expert physicians in respiratory medicine, as well as representatives from nebulizer equipment manufacturers and the pharmaceutical industry. The text focuses on three main areas: technical information, including theory, science, and quality control; clinical applications, including chapters on the use of these devices in individual conditions; and practical considerations such as maintenance, choice of device, and education. With a user-friendly format that allows quick access to specific aspects of nebulizer treatment, this book is a convenient reference for respiratory healthcare professionals. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Advances in Pulmonary Drug Delivery Philip Chi Lip Kwok, Hak-Kim Chan, 2016-12-19 The respiratory tract has been used to deliver biologically active chemicals into the human body for centuries. However, the lungs are complex in their anatomy and physiology, which poses challenges to drug delivery. Inhaled formulations are generally more sophisticated than those for oral and parenteral administration. Pulmonary drug development is therefore a highly specialized area because of its many unique issues and challenges. Rapid progress is being made and offers novel solutions to existing treatment problems. Advances in Pulmonary Drug Delivery highlights the latest developments in this field. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Stephanie Duggins Davis, Margaret Rosenfeld, James Chmiel, 2020-05-21 This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multisystem disease, cystic fibrosis, for both pediatric and adult patients. Written by experts in the field, the text outlines the progressive nature of CF as well as the impact of this autosomal recessive disease on the respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, rheumatologic, and renal systems, as well as the patient’s mental health. The book begins with a chapter describing the history of cystic fibrosis and how the face of this life-shortening disease has changed over the past several decades. The following chapters elucidate the pathophysiology of how cystic fibrosis impacts each organ system. Current management and therapeutics are detailed with step-by-step guidelines for clinicians. This book is unique in that it highlights the entire person, not just the respiratory system, with detailed inclusion of the patient perspectives throughout, informing practice standards and considerations. This is an ideal guide for pediatric and adult physicians who care for patients with cystic fibrosis, as well as respiratory therapists, physical therapists, nurses, nutritionists, and pharmacists who care for these patients. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis National Institutes of Health (U.S.), 1978 |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General, 2010 This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Essentials of Aerosol Therapy in Critically ill Patients Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim, Haitham Saeed, Hadeer S. Harb, Yasmin M. Madney, 2021-10-21 This book assesses the most appropriate forms of aerosol therapy for critically ill patients. Aerosol therapy is applied for the treatment of several pulmonary diseases in addition to some promising applications intended for systemic absorption. Nowadays, aerosol delivery to clinically stable patients in the outpatient settings is done easily with a lot of focus on patient counseling and enhancement of lung deposition. A lot of guidelines are available for several diseases and it could offer adequate guidance to the therapists concerning escalation or de-escalation of therapy to enhance treatment efficiency and safety. However, in critically ill patients aerosol delivery is mostly done by the choice of the respiratory therapist only according to his knowledge. The book describes the type of patients requiring aerosol therapy, different aerosol generators available for the treatment of critically ill patients, mechanisms of aerosol lung deposition, and factors affecting aerosol deposition. It also discusses the special needs of neonates and infants, transitioning aerosol from hospital to home, and the methods of aerosol delivery to different patient e.g. nasal delivery patients, ventilated patients, etc. Moreover, it reviews methods of detecting such aerosol delivery to the lung. At the end, it discusses the suggested monitoring plans and weaning protocols to ensure high efficacy and safety of the ventilatory support in such patients. Given its scope, the book can serve as guidelines or specific recommendations to maximize clinical benefits of medicated aerosols in critically ill patients and it represents a valuable resource for intensivists, pulmonologists and healthcare professionals working at ICUs. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Davis's Drug Guide for Rehabilitation Professionals Charles D. Ciccone, 2013-03-21 A one-of-a-kind guide specifically for rehabilitation specialists! A leader in pharmacology and rehabilitation, Charles Ciccone, PT, PhD offers a concise, easy-to-access resource that delivers the drug information rehabilitation specialists need to know. Organized alphabetically by generic name, over 800 drug monographs offer the most up-to-date information on drug indications, therapeutic effects, potential adverse reactions, and much more! A list of implications for physical therapy at the end of each monograph helps you provide the best possible care for your patients. It’s the perfect companion to Pharmacology in Rehabilitation, 4th Edition! |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Cough Kian Fan Chung, John G. Widdicombe, Homer A. Boushey, 2008-04-15 Cough is the most familiar symptom of respiratory disease, and a problem which general practitioners must deal with on a daily basis. This timely volume draws together a wealth of recent research into the mechanisms, pharmacology and therapies for cough, and places these in clinical context. The text incorporates guidelines on the most common causes of cough, discusses treatments and pitfalls in management, summarizes current research on physiology, pharmacology and treatment of cough, and gives practical advice on diagnosis and management issues for the clinician. Cough: Causes, Mechanisms and Therapy is the most comprehensive, up-to-date account of the subject. It will update clinical and basic medical scientists, and promote future research. Readers are encouraged to implement the clinical implications of the discussion into routine practice. This volume will appeal to all those involved in the treatment of respiratory disease, particularly those in hospital respiratory units, and will also be of use to interested general practitioners. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Proliposomes: A Manufacturing Technology of Liposomes for Pulmonary Delivery via Nebulization Abdelbary Elhissi, Waqar Ahmed, Kevin M.G. Taylor, Xun Sun, Zhi-Rong Zhang, David A. Phoenix, 2019-11-28 Proliposome technologies are stable phospholipid formulations that provide an approach to generating liposomes upon addition of aqueous phase prior to administration. In this monograph, the authors review the potential of proliposomes for pulmonary delivery of liposomes via nebulization using air-jet, ultrasonic and vibrating-mesh nebulizers. They explore both proliposome types, particulate-based and solvent-based. The book concludes that both types are capable of exploiting the energy of nebulization to generate liposomes within nebulizers. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis in Adults James R. Yankaskas, Michael R. Knowles, 1999 This manual combines research principles with practical guidelines for the clinical care of adult cystic fibrosis patients. There are discussions of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, treatment options, patient management problems, and progress in developing new therapies. The work takes a multidisciplinary perspective, combining views from specialists in cystic fibrosis pathophysiology, pulmonology, cardiovascular disease, and gastroenterology. It also delivers key facts on disease manifestations at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ system levels. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, Second Edition Anthony J. Hickey, 2003-09-03 This thoroughly revised and expanded reference provides authoritative discussions on the physiologic, pharmacologic, metabolic, molecular, cellular and physicochemical factors, influencing the efficacy and utilization of pharmaceutical aerosol. It analyzes the latest science and developments in the generation, administration and characterization of these compounds, showcasing current clinical applications, the efficiency and limitations of major aerosol products and emerging aerosol therapies impacting the field. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Guide to Drug Therapy in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis National Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation (U.S.), 1974 |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis E-Book Robert M. Kliegman, Heather Toth, Brett J. Bordini, Donald Basel, 2017-03-08 Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis uses a unique, step-by-step, symptom-based approach to differential diagnosis of diseases and disorders in children and adolescents. Conveniently linked to the world’s best-selling pediatric reference, Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th Edition, it focuses on the symptoms you’re likely to see in general practice, as well as uncommon disorders. You’ll find clear guidance on exactly what to consider and how to proceed when faced with a host of common symptoms such as cough, fever, headache, chest pain, gait disturbances, and many more. Features a practical, symptom-based approach that enables you to form an accurate diagnosis. Uses the same consistent, step-by-step presentation in every chapter: History, Physical Examination, Diagnosis (including laboratory tests), Imaging, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Covers new approaches to diagnostic imaging and genetic testing, new diagnostic guidelines, BRUE (brief resolved unexplained event), stroke in children, behavior disorders, syncope, recurrent fever syndromes, and much more. Includes full-color illustrations, algorithms, tables, and red flags to aid differential diagnosis. Serves as an ideal companion to Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th Edition. Nelson branded – authoritative, market leading content Links and references to Nelson – cross referencing provides the reader with a full understanding and background, plus evidence-based treatment and management New named diseases – up to date New diagnostic procedures – up to date Illustrations and images from Nelson – up to date and easy to use illustrations and images 4-color – color coded step-by-step approach New design – more content in less space References online only – takes the reader directly to PubMed citation and leaves more room in the print for DDx content |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Kevin L. Kirk, David C. Dawson, 2003-10-31 The CFTR chloride channel is one of the most well studied transport proteins in biology. Yet there remain many mysteries about the functional properties and biological roles of this ABC transporter. The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator addresses a select series of `hot' topics that relate to the function of CFTR, and the links between CFTR dysfunction and human disease (i.e., cystic fibrosis). The timeliness of these topics distinguishes this collection from previous volumes of this type. Given the general interest in CFTR, this collection will appeal to a broad readership with interests in CFTR, cystic fibrosis, ion channels and ABC transporters. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Aerosols in Medicine Folke Morén, 1993 This edition includes chapters on the diagnostic and therapeutic use of aerosols, systemic therapy, and particle size analysis of therapeutic aerosols. It reviews the current state-of-the-art, details important applications and assesses environmental and occupational aerosols. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Clinical Respiratory Medicine Richard K. Albert, Stephen G. Spiro, James R. Jett, 2008-04-16 This comprehensive clinical textbook examines all aspects of respiratory medicine. The editors take a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with the full range of pulmonary disorders, making this your ideal source for reference in clinical practice. Fully revised, this essential volume includes new chapters on PET imaging, implications of genetic research, oxygen therapy, and rehabilitation. Now an Expert Consult title, it comes with access to the complete contents of the book online, including all of the book’s images, downloadable for use in presentations. Provides complete clinical coverage so you can Better manage and treat patients with pulmonary disease. Uses templated, clinical chapters for consistent, concise, essential information. Includes coverage that reflects the way you practice medicine today with critical information relevant to everyday practice. Utilizes diagnostic algorithms to help you find critical information and at a glance. Includes new chapters on PET imaging, implications of genetic research, oxygen therapy, and rehabilitation to keep you up to date. Includes access to the complete contents of the book online, including all of the book’s images, downloadable for use in presentations. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals Julia S. Garner, 1983 |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Hodson and Geddes' Cystic Fibrosis Andrew Bush, Diana Bilton, Margaret Hodson, 2015-07-24 Hodson and Geddes' Cystic Fibrosis provides everything the respiratory clinician, pulmonologist or health professional treating patients needs in a single manageable volume. This international and authoritative work brings together current knowledge and has become established in previous editions as a leading reference in the field. This fourth edition includes a wealth of new information, figures, useful videos, and a companion eBook. The basic science that underlies the disease and its progression is outlined in detail and put into a clinical context. Diagnostic and clinical aspects are covered in depth, as well as promising advances such as gene therapies and other novel molecular based treatments. Patient monitoring and the importance of multidisciplinary care are also emphasized. This edition: Features accessible sections reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of the cystic fibrosis care team Contains a chapter written by patients and families about their experiences with the disease Includes expanded coverage of clinical areas, including chapters covering sleep, lung mechanics and the work of breathing, upper airway disease, insulin deficiency and diabetes, bone disease, and sexual and reproductive issues Discusses management both in the hospital and at home Includes a new section on monitoring and discusses the use of databases to improve patient care Covers monitoring in different age groups, exercise testing and the outcomes of clinical trials in these areas Includes chapters devoted to nursing, physiotherapy, psychology, and palliative and spiritual care Throughout, the emphasis is on providing an up-to-date and balanced review of both the clinical and basic science aspects of the subject and reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of the cystic fibrosis care team. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis in the Light of New Research Dennis Wat, 2015-08-24 Cystic Fibrosis in the Light of New Research provides the latest research and clinical evidence that will be useful for clinicians, scientists and researchers to further their knowledge around this fascinating condition. The authors have brought along their expertise and wealth of knowledge to produce this book, including the basic science that underlies the disease, the burden of bacterial and viral infections, immunologic aspects of CF, a variety of clinical measurements to predict prognosis and novel therapies including gene therapy. This book will be invaluable and entertaining for anyone who is involved in the care of patients with cystic fibrosis. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research , 1988 |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Controlled Pulmonary Drug Delivery Hugh D.C. Smyth, Anthony J. Hickey, 2011-06-24 The pace of new research and level of innovation repeatedly introduced into the field of drug delivery to the lung is surprising given its state of maturity since the introduction of the pressurized metered dose inhaler over a half a century ago. It is clear that our understanding of pulmonary drug delivery has now evolved to the point that inhalation aerosols can be controlled both spatially and temporally to optimize their biological effects. These abilities include controlling lung deposition, by adopting formulation strategies or device technologies, and controlling drug uptake and release through sophisticated particle technologies. The large number of contributions to the scientific literature and variety of excellent texts published in recent years is evidence for the continued interest in pulmonary drug delivery research. This reference text endeavors to bring together the fundamental theory and practice of controlled drug delivery to the airways that is unavailable elsewhere. Collating and synthesizing the material in this rapidly evolving field presented a challenge and ultimately a sense of achievement that is hopefully reflected in the content of the volume. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Pulmonary Drug Delivery Ali Nokhodchi, Gary P. Martin, 2015-08-03 Drug therapy via inhalation route is at the cutting edge of modern drug delivery research. There has been significant progress on the understanding of drug therapy via inhalation products. However, there are still problems associated with their formulation design, including the interaction between the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (APIs), excipients and devices. This book seeks to cover some of the most pertinent issues and challenges of such formulation design associated with industrial production and desirable clinical outcome. The chapter topics have been selected with a view to integrating the factors that require consideration in the selection and design of device and formulation components which impact upon patient usability and clinical effectiveness. The challenges involved with the delivery of macromolecules by inhalation to both adult and pediatric patients are also covered. Written by leading international experts from both academia and industry, the book will help readers (formulation design scientists, researchers and post-graduate and specialized undergraduate students) develop a deep understanding of key aspects of inhalation formulations as well as detail ongoing challenges and advances associated with their development. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics E-Book Derek G. Waller, Tony Sampson, 2013-08-07 This book covers all the pharmacology you need, from basic science pharmacology and pathophysiology, through to clinical pharmacology to therapeutics, in line with the integrated approach of new medical curricula. The first section covers the basic principles, and the rest is organised by body systems. The book ends with sections on toxicity and prescribing practice. Integrates basic science pharmacology, clinical pharmacology and therapeutics Brief review of pathophysiology of major diseases Case histories and multiple choice questions (and answers) Tabular presentation of all common drugs within each class Section on further reading Kinetics chapter simplified with more practical examples Includes more on genetic issues Drug tables made more concise to make information more accessible Fully updated to reflect current clinical practice |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Acute Pain Management United States. Acute Pain Management Guideline Panel, United States. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1992 |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Inhaler Devices Polina Prokopovich, 2013-04-23 Given their direct impact on the health and quality of life for millions, inhalers represent a major turning point in the history of modern medicine. Inhaler devices: Fundamentals, design and drug delivery provides readers with an introduction to the fundamentals of inhaler technology, with a comprehensive discussion of the history of inhalers as well as a discussion on current research and development.Part one discusses the fundamentals and development of inhaler devices as well as drug formulations for inhalers. The treatment of asthma is also discussed. Part two reviews recent developments in drug formulation and nanotechnology for inhaler devices, emerging inhaler technology and possible future trends.Inhaler devices: Fundamentals, design and drug delivery is an essential design guide for good industrial practice, and will be an invaluable resource for those researching and treating conditions such as asthma; and those developing and manufacturing inhalation devices. - Introduces the fundamentals of inhaler technology - Discusses the history of inhalers as well as current research and development as well as possible future trends - Considers the development of inhaler devices, drug formulations and discusses the treatment of asthma |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Kendig and Wilmott's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children - E-Book Andrew Bush, Robin R Deterding, Albert Li, Felix Ratjen, Peter Sly, Heather Zar, Robert W. Wilmott, 2023-08-21 Extensively revised from cover to cover, Kendig and Wilmott's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children, 10th Edition, continues to be your #1 choice for reliable, up-to-date information on all aspects of pediatric respiratory disorders. This highly respected reference is accessible to specialists and primary care providers alike, with coverage of both common and less common respiratory problems found in the newborn and child. Detailed and thorough, this edition covers basic science and its relevance to today's clinical issues as well as treatment, management, and outcomes information, making it an ideal resource for day-to-day practice as well as certification or recertification review and other professional examinations such as pHERMES. - Offers an international perspective on the whole spectrum of the specialty, including a robust video library with demonstrations of key procedures and bronchoscopic views. - Uses a consistent format with succinct, bulleted text, and contains abundant tables and figures, chapter summaries, and more than 500 full-color images to convey key information in an easy-to-digest manner. - Contains eleven new chapters and discusses timely topics such as big data and -omics in respiratory disease, COVID-19, obesity and its consequences, and vaping and nicotine addiction among children and young people. - Provides up-to-date instruction on key procedures, such as bronchoscopy and pulmonary function testing. - Highlights the knowledge and expertise of nearly 90 new authors who are global experts in the fields of pediatrics, pulmonology, neurology, microbiology, cardiology, physiology, diagnostic imaging, critical care, otolaryngology, allergy, and surgery. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems Jennifer A. Pryor, Ammani S Prasad, 2008-03-06 Now in it’s fourth edition, Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems continues to be an essential textbook and reference source for undergraduate and postgraduate students, and for the clinician working with patients with cardiac and respiratory problems. It strengths lie in integrating the evidence with clinical practice and in covering the whole patient lifespan - infants, children, adolescents and adults. new chapters on: critical care, surgery, and psychological aspects of care expanded evidence for clinical practice case studies multi-contributed chapters written by internationally recognised experts extensively revised text with new illustrations and photographs comprehensive reference lists which directs the reader to further sources of information Part of the Physiotherapy Essentials series - core textbooks for both students and lecturers Online image bank now available! Log on to http://evolve.elsevier.com/Pryor/physiotherapy and type in your unique pincode for access to over 300 downloadable images |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis: Clinical sciences , 1979 |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition , 2013-07-22 Cystic Fibrosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Diagnosis and Screening. The editors have built Cystic Fibrosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Diagnosis and Screening in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Cystic Fibrosis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/. |
| aerosol therapy for cystic fibrosis: Microbiome-Host Interactions D. Dhanasekaran, Dhiraj Paul, N. Amaresan, A. Sankaranarayanan, Yogesh S. Shouche, 2021-04-01 Microbiota are a promising and fascinating subject in biology because they integrate the microbial communities in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In humans, microbiota are associated with the gut, skin, and genital, oral, and respiratory organs. The plant microbial community is referred to as holobiont, and it is influential in the maintenance and health of plants, which themselves play a role in animal health and the environment. The contents of Microbiome-Host Interactions cover all areas as well as new research trends in the fields of plant, animal, human, and environmental microbiome interactions. The book covers microbiota in polar soil environments, in health and disease, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in agroecosystems, as well as in rice root and actinorhizal root nodules, speleothems, and marine shallow-water hydrothermal vents. Moreover, this book provides comprehensive accounts of advanced next-generation DNA sequencing, metagenomic techniques, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, and understanding nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, algal, viral, bacterial, cyanobacterial, actinobacterial, and archaeal communities using QIIME software (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology). FEATURES Summarizes recent insight in microbiota and host interactions in distinct habitats, including Antarctic, hydrothermal vents, speleothems, oral, skin, gut, feces, reproductive tract, soil, root, root nodules, forests, and mangroves Illustrates the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, computational techniques involved in the microbiota analysis, downstream analysis and visualization, and multivariate analysis commonly used for microbiome analysis Describes probiotics and prebiotics in the composition of the gut microbiota, skin microbiome impact in dermatologic disease prevention, and microbial communities in the reproductive tract of humans and animals Presents information in a reachable way for students, teachers, researchers, microbiologists, computational biologists, and other professionals who are interested in strengthening or enlarging their knowledge about microbiome analysis with next-generation DNA sequencing in the different branches of the sciences |
Aerosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Aug 23, 2000 · The main aerosol property affecting the satellite signal is the aerosol optical depth (AOD, sometimes also called aerosol optical thickness—AOT). AOD is an optical measure of …
Impact of aerosols on atmospheric processes and climate …
Feb 1, 2025 · Aerosol optical depth serves as a crucial metric for gauging aerosol optical properties and concentrations, thereby influencing the climate. Atmospheric processes, in …
Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Role in Climate Change
Jan 1, 2016 · This emphasizes the important but poorly quantified role of aerosols in driving the climate of the Earth in the past and suggests that aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud …
Journal of Aerosol Science | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
An International Journal Founded in 1970, the Journal of Aerosol Science is the first journal specifically devoted to publishing research on the behavior of suspensions of particles and …
Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering
Aug 1, 2023 · Aerosol delivery to the lung affords several unique opportunities, including delivery of high concentrations of therapeutic agents directly to the affected organ, avoidance of …
Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness - NASA Earthdata
3 days ago · Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is an assessment of the amount of visible and infrared light aerosols scatter or absorb in a column of the atmosphere, and is sometimes referred to …
Atmospheric Aerosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Many aerosol species are nonvolatile; once deposited in the aerosol phase, they remain there until the particle is eventually removed from the atmosphere. Other species, such as some …
Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2? Evidence, prevention and …
Nov 1, 2020 · To evaluate evidence of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, we apply the criteria of Jones and Brosseau (Jones and Brosseau, 2015), which are that aerosol transmission is …
Aerosol optical and radiative properties and their environmental ...
Jan 1, 2024 · Aerosol effects on radiation, clouds and precipitation are strongly related to the optical properties of aerosols, which vary considerably in space and time. This study reviewed …
Aerosol–radiation interactions - ScienceDirect
Jan 1, 2022 · Aerosol particles are commonly assumed to be homogeneous spheres in the context of aerosol–radiation interactions. Under this approximation, Mie theory is used to …
Aerosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Aug 23, 2000 · The main aerosol property affecting the satellite signal is the aerosol optical depth (AOD, sometimes also called aerosol optical thickness—AOT). AOD is an optical measure of …
Impact of aerosols on atmospheric processes and climate …
Feb 1, 2025 · Aerosol optical depth serves as a crucial metric for gauging aerosol optical properties and concentrations, thereby influencing the climate. Atmospheric processes, in …
Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Role in Climate Change
Jan 1, 2016 · This emphasizes the important but poorly quantified role of aerosols in driving the climate of the Earth in the past and suggests that aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud …
Journal of Aerosol Science | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
An International Journal Founded in 1970, the Journal of Aerosol Science is the first journal specifically devoted to publishing research on the behavior of suspensions of particles and …
Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering
Aug 1, 2023 · Aerosol delivery to the lung affords several unique opportunities, including delivery of high concentrations of therapeutic agents directly to the affected organ, avoidance of …
Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness - NASA Earthdata
3 days ago · Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is an assessment of the amount of visible and infrared light aerosols scatter or absorb in a column of the atmosphere, and is sometimes referred to …
Atmospheric Aerosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Many aerosol species are nonvolatile; once deposited in the aerosol phase, they remain there until the particle is eventually removed from the atmosphere. Other species, such as some …
Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2? Evidence, prevention and …
Nov 1, 2020 · To evaluate evidence of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, we apply the criteria of Jones and Brosseau (Jones and Brosseau, 2015), which are that aerosol transmission is …
Aerosol optical and radiative properties and their environmental ...
Jan 1, 2024 · Aerosol effects on radiation, clouds and precipitation are strongly related to the optical properties of aerosols, which vary considerably in space and time. This study reviewed …
Aerosol–radiation interactions - ScienceDirect
Jan 1, 2022 · Aerosol particles are commonly assumed to be homogeneous spheres in the context of aerosol–radiation interactions. Under this approximation, Mie theory is used to …
