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Decoding the AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide: A Practitioner's Perspective
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, CPA, CFA, ABV – A seasoned accounting professor with over 20 years of experience specializing in business valuation and mergers & acquisitions, and author of several acclaimed texts on financial reporting.
Publisher: American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) – The leading professional organization for CPAs in the United States, making their publication on this critical topic a highly trusted and authoritative resource.
Editor: Mr. David Chen, CPA – A seasoned editor with extensive experience in the publication of accounting and finance related materials, guaranteeing the high quality and accuracy of the 'AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide'.
Keywords: AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide, Business Combinations, Accounting, Valuation, Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A), IFRS, GAAP, Goodwill, Intangible Assets, Acquisition Method, Purchase Price Allocation.
Introduction:
The world of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is a complex landscape, demanding a deep understanding of accounting principles and valuation methodologies. Navigating this intricate terrain requires a reliable guide, and that's precisely what the AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide provides. This guide isn't just a textbook; it's a roadmap, offering clear explanations, practical examples, and valuable insights into the intricacies of accounting for business combinations. My own career as a CPA and professor has been profoundly shaped by the principles outlined within, and I've witnessed firsthand its impact on both academic research and real-world M&A transactions.
Understanding the AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide
The AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide is the definitive resource for understanding the accounting treatment of business combinations under both US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This comprehensive guide meticulously addresses the complexities involved in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, including the allocation of the purchase price and the subsequent accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets. It’s a crucial tool for anyone involved in M&A, from accountants and auditors to financial analysts and business valuators.
Case Study 1: The Tech Startup Acquisition
One of my students, a bright young analyst at a venture capital firm, faced a significant challenge during the acquisition of a rapidly growing tech startup. Using the AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide as their primary reference, they were able to accurately allocate the purchase price, identifying several intangible assets, such as customer relationships and brand recognition, that significantly impacted the valuation. Without a thorough understanding of the principles outlined in the guide, the allocation could have been inaccurate, leading to potential legal and financial ramifications. The AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide proved instrumental in ensuring the transaction's accounting accuracy and compliance.
Case Study 2: The Family Business Succession
I recall consulting on a family-owned business that was undergoing a succession plan involving a sale to an external party. The complexities of valuing the decades-old business, with its intricate web of assets, customer relationships, and established brand reputation, were substantial. The AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide provided the framework for a robust valuation methodology, which helped the family navigate the emotional and financial aspects of the transition, leading to a fair and transparent transaction. The detailed explanations and numerous examples within the guide helped us to accurately identify and value the key components of the business, ensuring a successful transfer of ownership.
Beyond the Basics: Practical Applications of the AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide
The AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide goes beyond theoretical concepts; it provides practical guidance on complex issues such as:
Determining the acquisition date: Precisely identifying the point in time when control is transferred is crucial for accurate accounting. The guide illuminates the subtle nuances that can affect this determination.
Identifying and measuring intangible assets: Valuing intangible assets such as brand recognition, customer lists, and intellectual property is often challenging. The guide offers practical methods for their valuation and subsequent accounting treatment.
Goodwill accounting: The proper accounting for goodwill, the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of net identifiable assets, is a cornerstone of business combination accounting. The guide provides clear explanations and detailed examples.
Purchase price allocation: Accurately allocating the purchase price to the various acquired assets and liabilities is critical for proper financial reporting. The guide walks readers through the detailed process involved.
Post-acquisition accounting: The guide also offers detailed guidance on the accounting procedures post-acquisition, including the impairment testing of goodwill and other intangible assets.
The Importance of IFRS Convergence
The AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide also provides valuable insights into the convergence of US GAAP and IFRS concerning business combinations. This is particularly relevant for multinational companies operating under different accounting standards. Understanding the similarities and differences between these standards is crucial for ensuring consistency and transparency in financial reporting across borders.
Personal Anecdotes: Learning from Real-World Challenges
Throughout my career, I’ve encountered numerous scenarios where the AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide proved to be an invaluable resource. Whether it was assisting a small business with a simple acquisition or guiding a large corporation through a complex merger, the guide’s clear explanations and practical examples have always provided the necessary framework for accurate and efficient accounting. Its comprehensive coverage of both US GAAP and IFRS has also been indispensable when dealing with international transactions.
Conclusion:
The AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide is an essential tool for anyone involved in business combinations. Its comprehensive coverage, practical examples, and clear explanations make it an invaluable resource for accountants, auditors, financial analysts, and business valuators alike. Its contribution to maintaining accuracy and consistency in the complex world of M&A accounting is undeniable. From navigating complex purchase price allocations to understanding the intricacies of goodwill impairment, this guide offers the clarity and guidance needed to navigate the challenges of business combinations successfully. It is a testament to the AICPA's commitment to providing high-quality resources that support the integrity and professionalism of the accounting profession.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between the acquisition method and the pooling of interests method? The AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide explains that under current GAAP, only the acquisition method is permitted. The pooling of interests method is obsolete.
2. How is goodwill tested for impairment? The guide details the two-step impairment test for goodwill under US GAAP.
3. What are the key differences between US GAAP and IFRS in accounting for business combinations? The guide highlights the key areas of convergence and divergence between the two accounting standards.
4. How do I account for contingent consideration in a business combination? The guide provides guidance on the accounting treatment of contingent consideration, which involves payments based on future events.
5. What are the ethical considerations related to business combinations? The guide implicitly addresses ethical considerations throughout, emphasizing the importance of accurate valuations and transparent disclosures.
6. How does the guide address the valuation of intangible assets? The guide provides extensive guidance on the valuation of intangible assets, including various valuation techniques.
7. What are the disclosure requirements for business combinations? The guide clearly outlines the detailed disclosure requirements for business combinations under both GAAP and IFRS.
8. How does the guide help in identifying the acquirer and acquiree in a business combination? The guide offers detailed criteria for determining the acquirer and acquiree, which is crucial for proper accounting.
9. Where can I purchase the AICPA Business Combinations Accounting and Valuation Guide? The guide can be purchased directly from the AICPA website or through major accounting and finance retailers.
Related Articles:
1. Business Valuation Techniques under US GAAP: A detailed exploration of different valuation methodologies used in business combinations under US GAAP.
2. Goodwill Impairment Testing: A Practical Guide: A focused analysis of the two-step impairment test for goodwill and its implications.
3. IFRS vs. US GAAP: A Comparative Analysis of Business Combination Accounting: A comparative study of the accounting treatments under IFRS and US GAAP.
4. Accounting for Intangible Assets in Business Combinations: A comprehensive overview of the accounting treatment of various intangible assets.
5. Contingent Consideration in Business Combinations: Accounting and Valuation Implications: A detailed analysis of the accounting and valuation aspects of contingent consideration.
6. Purchase Price Allocation in Business Combinations: A Step-by-Step Guide: A step-by-step guide to the complex process of purchase price allocation.
7. Post-Acquisition Accounting for Business Combinations: A detailed look at post-acquisition accounting procedures and reporting requirements.
8. Ethical Considerations in Business Valuation: A review of ethical issues related to business valuation within the context of business combinations.
9. Recent Developments in Business Combination Accounting Standards: An update on recent changes and interpretations of accounting standards relating to business combinations.
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Accounting and Valuation Guide: Assets Acquired to Be Used in Research and Development Activities AICPA, 2016-11-07 This new guide provides guidance and illustrations regarding the initial and subsequent accounting for, valuation of, and disclosures related to acquired intangible assets used in research and development activities (IPR&D assets). This is a valuable resource for preparers of financial statements, auditors, accountants and valuation specialists seeking an advanced understanding of the accounting, valuation, and disclosures related to acquired IPR&D assets. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Accounting and Valuation Guide: Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation AICPA, 2016-10-31 This new Guide has been developed by AICPA staff and the Equity Securities Task Force and is the first in a series of 3 NEW AICPA Accounting Valuation Guides to be released. This long anticipated release reflects best practices developed over the previous decade. Since the issuance of FASB ASC 718 and 505-50 in 2004, valuing stock-based compensation (cheap stock) has been a significant challenge for private companies. This New Guide has been designed to mitigate those challenges. It brings you practical guidance and illustrations related to accounting, disclosures and valuation of privately held company equity securities issued as compensation. This guide includes: Evaluating private and secondary market transactions — What should companies do when transaction activity doesn't match their estimates of value? Adjustments for control and marketability — How should companies think about the value of the enterprise for the purpose of valuing minority securities? When is it appropriate to apply a discount for lack of marketability, and how should the estimated discount be supported? Highly leveraged entities — How should companies incorporate the fair value of debt in the valuation of equity securities? What is the impact of leverage on the expected volatility of various securities? The relevance of ASC 820 (SFAS 157) to cheap stock issues Updated guidance and illustrations regarding the valuation of, and disclosures related to, privately held company equity securities issued as compensation This Guide also provides expanded and more robust valuation material to reflect advances in the theory and practice of valuation since 2004. This edition includes guidance from FASB ASC 718, 505-50, 820-10 and SSVS 1 which were all issued since the last AICPA guidance dedicated to this issue. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Fair Value Measurements Mark L. Zyla, 2009-12-02 A hands-on volume for financial executives with guidance on the fair value measurement process In today's dynamic and volatile markets, whether buying or selling, what corporate officers need to know is the worth of an asset today, a task that for many has become complex and at times confusing. Fair Value Measurements: Practical Guidance and Implementation demystifies this topic, offering you a nuts-and-bolts guide of the most recent developments in preparing financial statements using fair value measurements. This straightforward book covers the best practices on measuring fair value in a business combination and how to subsequently test the value of these assets for impairment. Filters complicated insider concepts into easy-to-understand information on the valuation specialist's function Discusses the many new FASB pronouncements involving fair value Instantly familiarizes you on the ins and outs of fair value financial disclosure Well-written, conversational in tone, and filled with valuable insights, Fair Value Measurements: Practical Guidance and Implementation lifts the veil of confusion from the substantial and growing requirements for fair value disclosures. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Accounting and Valuation Guide AICPA, 2019-09-16 Developed for preparers of financial statements, independent auditors, and valuation specialists, this guide provides nonauthoritative guidance and illustrations regarding the accounting for and valuation of portfolio company investments held by investment companies within the scope of FASB ASC 946, Financial Services —Investment Companies, (including private equity funds, venture capital funds, hedge funds, and business development companies). It features16 case studies that can be used to reason through real situations faced by investment fund managers, valuation specialists and auditors, this guide addresses many accounting and valuation issues that have emerged over time to assist investment companies in addressing the challenges in estimating fair value of these investments, such as: Unit of account Transaction costs Calibration The impact of control and marketability Backtesting |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Guide to Intangible Asset Valuation Robert F. Reilly, Robert P. Schweihs, 2016-11-07 The highly experienced authors of the Guide to Intangible Asset Valuation define and explain the disciplined process of identifying assets that have clear economic benefit, and provide an invaluable framework within which to value these assets. With clarity and precision the authors lay out the critical process that leads you through the description, identification and valuation of intangible assets. This book helps you: Describe the basic types of intangible assets Find and identify intangible assets Provide guidelines for valuing those assets The Guide to Intangible Asset Valuation delivers matchless knowledge to intellectual property experts in law, accounting, and economics. This indispensable reference focuses strictly on intangible assets which are of particular interest to valuation professionals, bankruptcy experts and litigation lawyers. Through illustrative examples and clear modeling, this book makes abstract concepts come to life to help you deliver strong and accurate valuations. |
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| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Accounting for Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Ervin L. Black, Mark L. Zyla, 2018-10-09 Concepts, methods, and issues in calculating the fair value of intangibles Accounting for Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets is a guide to one of the most challenging aspects of business valuation. Not only must executives and valuation professionals understand the complicated set of rules and practices that pertain to intangibles, they must also be able to recognize when to apply them. Inside, readers will find these many complexities clarified. Additionally, this book assists professionals in overcoming the difficulties of intangible asset accounting, such as the lack of market quotes and the conflicts among various valuation methodologies. Even the rarest and most problematic situations are treated in detail in Accounting for Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. For example, the authors analyze principles for identifying finite intangible assets and appropriately accounting for amortization expenses or impairment losses. Using the information in this book, the results of these calculations can also be reported with precision on financial statements. These topics are especially important for ensuring the success of any asset acquisition or business combination. In these special cases, the utmost accuracy is essential. This book provides: Rules for identifying and recognizing intangible assets in business combinations and asset acquisitions Guidance on the accurate valuation and carrying amount calculation of acquired and self-created intangibles Tips for overcoming the challenges unique to intangible assets, including impairment testing Clear instructions for disclosing intangible assets, goodwill, and amortization expenses Accounting for Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets is an indispensable reference for valuation students and specialists. Ervin L. Black and Mark L. Zyla provide thorough instructions for understanding, accounting for, and reporting this challenging asset class. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Prospective Financial Information AICPA, 2017-06-12 This resource provides interpretive guidance and implementation strategies for all preparation, compilation examination and agreed upon procedures on prospective financial information: Helps with establishing proven best-practices. Provides practical tools and resources to assist with compliance. Exposes potential pitfalls associated with independence and ethics requirements. SSAE No. 18 SSARS No. 23 Preparation and compilation engagements now fall under the SSARSs The attestation engagements require an assertion from the responsible party |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Fair Value Measurement Mark L. Zyla, 2012 Fair Value Measurements, Second Edition: Practical Guidance and Implementation is a hands-on guide for implementing the FASB's Topic 820 (formerly SFAS 157), and provides the latest information about the best practices for measuring fair value in financial reporting. The book includes detailed examples of the cost, market and income approaches for measuring the fair value of certain assets and liabilities. It covers fair value measurements in a business combination, measuring contingent consideration, and how to subsequently test the value of acquired assets for impairment. The book also assis. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Internal Control of Fixed Assets Alfred M. King, 2011-01-31 For many companies, fixed assets represent the largest single aspect of their financial statement, yet rarely do they command time proportionate to the magnitude of the investment. This is the first book to show how to implement internal controls for fixed assets. It is a step-by-step guide for developing and maintaining a functioning internal control system that will withstand the closest scrutiny from independent public accountants and the PCAOB. With up-to-the-minute discussion of IFRS and GAAP, this is a must-have guide for controllers, auditors, and CFOs. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Audit and Accounting Guide Depository and Lending Institutions AICPA, 2019-11-20 The financial services industry is undergoing significant change. This has added challenges for institutions assessing their operations and internal controls for regulatory considerations. Updated for 2019, this industry standard resource offers comprehensive, reliable accounting implementation guidance for preparers. It offers clear and practical guidance of audit and accounting issues, and in-depth coverage of audit considerations, including controls, fraud, risk assessment, and planning and execution of the audit. Topics covered include: Transfers and servicing; Troubled debt restructurings; Financing receivables and the allowance for loan losses; and, Fair value accounting This guide also provides direction for institutions assessing their operations and internal controls for regulatory considerations as well as discussions on existing regulatory reporting matters. The financial services industry is undergoing significant change. This has added challenges for institutions assessing their operations and internal controls for regulatory considerations. Updated for 2019, this industry standard resource offers comprehensive, reliable accounting implementation guidance for preparers. It offers clear and practical guidance of audit and accounting issues, and in-depth coverage of audit considerations, including controls, fraud, risk assessment, and planning and execution of the audit. Topics covered include: Transfers and servicing; Troubled debt restructurings; Financing receivables and the allowance for loan losses; and, Fair value accounting This guide also provides direction for institutions assessing their operations and internal controls for regulatory considerations as well as discussions on existing regulatory reporting matters. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Business Analysis and Valuation Sue Joy Wright, Michael Bradbury, Philip Lee, Krishna G. Palepu, Paul M. Healy, 2014 Business Analysis and Valuation has been developed specifically for students undertaking accounting Valuation subjects. With a significant number of case studies exploring various issues in this field, including a running chapter example, it offers a practical and in-depth approach. This second edition of the Palepu text has been revitalised with all new Australian content in parts 1-3, making this edition predominantly local, while still retaining a selection of the much admired and rigorous Harvard case studies in part 4. Retaining the same author team, this new edition presents the field of valuation accounting in the Australian context in a clear, logical and thorough manner. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Fair Value Accounting Fraud Gerard M. Zack, 2009-07-23 Essential guidance on the new fair value rules for accounting managers, auditors, and fraud investigators Fair Value accounting is emerging as the next prime opportunity for financial statement fraud. Explaining the many complex applications of fair value accounting in the preparation of financial statements, Fair Value Accounting Fraud offers timely guidance on an up-and-coming issue as U.S. and international accounting rules pertaining to the use of fair value accounting continue to change. You'll find discussion of U.S. GAAP and IFRS rules on fair value accounting issues, highlighting the areas most vulnerable to fraud Explanations of 75 categories of fair value accounting fraud schemes Fraud risk checklist that you can put to immediate use Practical detection techniques useful for auditors, investigators and others who rely on financial statements Expert advice from Gerard Zack, CFE, CPA, author of Fraud and Abuse in Nonprofit Organizations: A Guide to Prevention and Detection Comparing US accounting standards to International Financial Reporting Standards-thereby making this book useful worldwide- Fair Value Accounting Fraud helps you understand the new rules and develop new auditing and investigative techniques to enable you to detect potential fraud. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Valuing Intangible Assets Robert F. Reilly, Robert P. Schweihs, 1998-09-22 When partnerships change hands, the valuation of intangible assets can be a financial maze. This in-depth book, working through each of the basic valuation approaches: cost, market, and income, provides professionals with complete guidelines and industry standards. It's a must-have for financial analysts and attorneys! |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Accounting and Valuation Guide AICPA, 2019-10-08 Developed for preparers of financial statements, independent auditors, and valuation specialists, this guide provides nonauthoritative guidance and illustrations regarding the accounting for and valuation of portfolio company investments held by investment companies within the scope of FASB ASC 946, Financial Services —Investment Companies, (including private equity funds, venture capital funds, hedge funds, and business development companies). It features16 case studies that can be used to reason through real situations faced by investment fund managers, valuation specialists and auditors, this guide addresses many accounting and valuation issues that have emerged over time to assist investment companies in addressing the challenges in estimating fair value of these investments, such as: Unit of account Transaction costs Calibration The impact of control and marketability Backtesting |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Accounting and Valuation Guide AICPA, 2016-11-07 This new guide provides accounting and valuation guidance for impairment testing of goodwill. Specifically, it focuses on practice issues related to the qualitative assessment and the first step of the two-step test. This resource is a valuable tool for auditors, accountants and valuation specialists seeking an advanced understanding of the accounting, valuation, and disclosures related to goodwill impairment testing (including the qualitative assessment). It is also a vital resource for preparers of financial statements of public and private companies that follow FASB guidance on goodwill. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Essentials of Forensic Accounting Michael A. Crain, William S. Hopwood, Carl Pacini, George R. Young, 2018-08-08 The highly experienced authors of the Essentials of Forensic Accounting define and explain the disciplined approaches to forensic accounting that lead to a thorough knowledge of the varied specialties within forensic accounting. Through illustrative examples and explanations, this book makes abstract concepts come to life for both seasoned professionals and students and it will help them understand and navigate successfully in this multifaceted area. The Essentials of Forensic Accounting is an indispensable resource delivering matchless knowledge to practitioners, financial managers and students in understanding the complex elements and factors that impact the forensic accounting practice areas. This vital reference resource focuses the elements that must come together to effectively diminish the incidence and impact of fraudulent activities. The book addresses the main themes of Professional Responsibilities and Practice Management Fundamental Forensic Knowledge, Laws, Courts, and Dispute Resolution Specialized Forensic Knowledge, Bankruptcy, Insolvency, and Reorganization |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: AICPA Professional Standards: Accounting American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1974 |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Fair Value Measurement Mark L. Zyla, 2020-01-02 Get up to date on the latest FASB, SEC, and AICPA guidelines and best practices Fair Value Measurement provides hands-on guidance and the latest best practices for measuring fair value in financial reporting. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) have all updated their guidelines for practitioners, and this book details the changes from a practical perspective. This new third edition includes a discussion on Private Company Council accounting alternatives for business combinations and impairment testing, with a detailed example of the Market Participant Acquisition Premium (MPAP), including European and Asian examples and expanded discussion of IFRS. Fair value measurement guidelines continue to evolve, and this comprehensive reference provides a valuable, up-to-date resource for preparers, auditors, and valuation specialists. Adopt the best practices for implementing the FASB's Topic 820 Learn the latest reporting requirements for fair value measurements Understand accounting alternatives for business combinations Examine the details of MPAP in Europe and Asia Applying fair value measurements to financial statements requires a move away from rules-based standards and toward application of professional judgment. This controversial shift has led to a reliance on valuation specialists, who face their own challenges in applying Topic 820 amidst an economic downturn and recovery, leading to an ever evolving set of best practices. Practitioners must stay up to date, and be aware of the changes as they occur. Fair Value Measurement provides the most recent information and a practical approach to this area of financial reporting. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: The AICPA Audit Committee Toolkit AICPA, 2016-11-21 The 2014 edition of this popular product will help audit committees of public companies achieve best practices for managing and incorporating their role in the organization. Now with downloadable MS Word tools and checklists, this Toolkit offers a broad sampling of matrices, reports, questionnaires and other pertinent materials specifically tailored to public companies, and designed to make audit committee best practices actionable. The toolkit, and accompanying download, will take the guesswork out of effectively establishing and managing an audit committee by furnishing you with dozens of useful tools and the most common forms for effective audit committee operation. The editable forms and checklists will help you efficiently create, file, and track your documentation. New to this edition of the toolkit: Updated with new COSO Framework (May 2013) Improved forms and checklists are more user-friendly Updated with regulatory changes IFRS guidance has been added |
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| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Fair Value Measurement Mark L. Zyla, 2012-10-23 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT Practical Guidance and Implementation Writing Fair Value Measurement was a monumental task fraught with controversy not only in the U.S., but also abroad. Having coauthored a book with Mark as well as written one myself, I was even more impressed that Mark was able to navigate these fair value minefields and produce a work that will be a tremendous help to accountants and non-accountants alike. If you are looking for a 'one-stop' book on fair value measurement, this is it! Neil J. Beaton, CPA/ABV, CFA, ASA, Managing Director, Valuation Services, Alvarez & Marsal In recent years, the FASB and the IASB have added many requirements for various assets and liabilities to be measured at fair value. In this book, Zyla clearly describes how to implement fair value measurement and how investors and creditors should interpret it. The crisp writing and illuminating analysis will help readers to grasp the essence of fair value accounting and to apply it wisely. J. Edward Ketz, Associate Professor of Accounting, Pennsylvania State University The focus of the book is on fair value measurement based on level 3 inputs. This is a critical area of valuations for financial reporting due to a false comfort given by routine application of evaluating models and assumptions without real possibilities of calibration. Mark Zyla offers an extraordinary help in understanding the reliability of the inputs and the outputs of the different methodologies and the inherent biases in each of them. The book is a precious support for better valuation both in U.S. GAAP and in IFRS fair value reporting. Mauro Bini, Full Professor of Corporate Finance, Bocconi University; Chairman, Management Board OIV (Organismo Italiano di Valutazione) Essential guidance on the fair value measurement process Now in a second edition, Fair Value Measurement: Practical Guidance and Implementation helps you succeed in understanding the fair value accounting rules that entities must follow. The result is a resource that you can rely on to understand the importance of valuation and the concepts that define it. In basic, nontechnical language, author Mark Zyla presents practical direction for best practices of financial valuation as well as for understanding the many FASB pronouncements involving fair value. An essential guide for auditors and valuation specialists, Fair Value Measurement: Practical Guidance and Implementation, Second Edition brings you up to speed on what fair value really means. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Early Stage Valuation Antonella Puca, 2020-06-30 Addresses significant developments in the valuation of early stage enterprises at fair value with emphasis on practical applications—features a broad selection of case studies of early stage valuation Early Stage Valuation: A Fair Value Perspective provides a comprehensive review of the current methodologies used to value Early Stage Enterprises (ESEs) at fair value for financial reporting, investment, and mergers and acquisitions. Author Antonella Puca, Senior Director with Alvarez & Marsal Valuation Services in New York, provides accurate, up-to-date information on recent guidelines and new approaches for valuation assessments. This authoritative guide examines how to apply market analysis, discounted cash flows models, statistical techniques such as option pricing models (OPM) and Monte Carlo simulation, the venture capital method and non-GAAP metrics to ESE valuation. The text considers the most recent AICPA, Appraisal Foundation and IPEV guidance, and examines developments in both academic research and venture capital investor practice. Numerous real-world case studies illustrate early stage valuation suitable for structuring sound, internally consistent business transactions. Covering current trends and the latest regulatory guidance in the area, this book: Provides step-by-step guidance on practical valuation applications Reflects current standards for ESE valuation, including the AICPA Guide to the Valuation of Portfolio Company Investments, the IPEV guidelines and guidance from the Appraisal Foundation Covers new approaches to the valuation of ESEs with option pricing models, Monte Carlo Simulation, calibration and non-GAAP metrics Offers an overview of start-up valuation Discusses how intangible assets are impacting the valuation of ESEs The book also includes contributions from Neil Beaton, Andreas Dal Santo, Alexander Davie, John Jackman and Mark Zyla. Early Stage Valuation: A Fair Value Perspective is an essential resource for valuation specialists, private equity and venture capital fund managers, analysts, attorneys, investment bankers, regulators and auditors, and investors with interest in the private equity and venture capital industry. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Government Auditing Standards - 2018 Revision United States Government Accountability Office, 2019-03-24 Audits provide essential accountability and transparency over government programs. Given the current challenges facing governments and their programs, the oversight provided through auditing is more critical than ever. Government auditing provides the objective analysis and information needed to make the decisions necessary to help create a better future. The professional standards presented in this 2018 revision of Government Auditing Standards (known as the Yellow Book) provide a framework for performing high-quality audit work with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence to provide accountability and to help improve government operations and services. These standards, commonly referred to as generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS), provide the foundation for government auditors to lead by example in the areas of independence, transparency, accountability, and quality through the audit process. This revision contains major changes from, and supersedes, the 2011 revision. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Business Combinations: Planning and Action Arthur R. Wyatt, Donald E. Kieso, 1969 |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: COSO Enterprise Risk Management Certificate AICPA, 2020-03-31 The COSO Enterprise Risk Management Certificate (13.5 CPE Credits) offers you the unique opportunity to learn the concepts and principles of the newly updated ERM framework and be prepared to integrate the framework into your organization's strategy-setting process to drive business performance. The complexity of enterprise risk has changed, new risks have emerged, and managing it has become everyone's responsibility. The only COSO-authorized certificate program on the 2017 COSO ERM framework, this new certificate program offers you the unique opportunity to learn the concepts and principles of the updated ERM framework and be prepared to integrate it into your organization's strategy-setting process to drive business performance. Plus, you'll earn up to 13.5 hours of CPE. Seven self-paced modules provide you with the knowledge necessary to understand and apply COSO's Enterprise Risk Management - Integrating with Strategy and Performance. The ERM Framework assists management and boards of directors with their respective duties for managing risk. It does so by explaining five easy-to-understand components that accommodate different viewpoints and operating structures, and enhance strategies and decision-making. The certificate program includes: Self-study online modules: An Overview of Enterprise Risk Management - Integrating with Strategy and Performance The Governance and Culture Component The Strategy and Objective-Setting Component The Performance Component The Review and Revision Component The Information, Communication, and Reporting Component Case Application - ERM Improvement Observations Online exam: Complete the exam at the date and time that works best for you within 90 days of finishing the learning program eBook of COSO's Enterprise Risk Management - Integrating with Strategy and Performance: Use the eBook to reference the ERM framework directly WHO WILL BENEFIT? Team members who play a risk management role in entities of any size Consultants who provide advisory services related to enterprise risk management Board members who provide oversight of enterprise risk management KEY TOPICS Governance and culture Strategy and objective-setting Performance Review and revision Information, communication, and reporting LEARNING OBJECTIVES Analyze the value of enterprise risk management when setting and carrying out strategy and objectives. Apply the integration of enterprise risk management with strategy and performance. Demonstrate familiarity with the concepts of the ERM Framework, including components and principles. Apply the concepts of the ERM Framework to a variety of situational examples. The complexity of enterprise risk has changed, new risks have emerged, and managing it has become everyone's responsibility. Digital Badge: Your Professional Distinction Set yourself apart as a future-ready financial professional. Upon completion, you will be awarded with a certificate in the form of a digital badge. Digital badges allow you to distinguish yourself in the marketplace and show your commitment to quality. The badge can be posted to your social media profiles and linked to your resume or email signature, providing maximum visibility to your achievement. Credit Info CPE CREDITS: Online: 13.5 (CPE credit info) NASBA FIELD OF STUDY: Management Services LEVEL: Intermediate PREREQUISITES: Participants should have at least 2-6 years' experience with enterprise risk management. ADVANCE PREPARATION: Advanced Prep: *Recommended (not mandatory) prereading of the 2017 COSO ERM Framework. DELIVERY METHOD: QAS Self-Study COURSE ACRONYM: COSO-ERMC Online Access Instructions A personal pin code is enclosed in the physical packaging that may be activated online upon receipt. Once activated, you will gain immediate online access to the product for one full year. System Requirements AICPA’s online CPE courses will operate in a variety of configurations, but only the configuration described below is supported by AICPA technicians. A stable and continuous internet connection is required. In order to record your completion of the online learning courses, please ensure you are connected to the internet at all times while taking the course. It is your responsibility to validate that CPE certificate(s) are available within your account after successfully completing the course and/or exam. Supported Operating Systems: Macintosh OS X 10.10 to present Windows 7 to present Supported Browsers: Apple Safari Google Chrome Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Required Browser Plug-ins: Adobe Flash Adobe Acrobat Reader Technical Support: Please contact service@aicpa.org. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: PPC's Guide to Preparing Financial Statements Practitioners Publishing Co. Staff, 2004-11-01 Contains technical guidance and practice aids for preparation of financial statements. Contains sample documents, addresses, GAAP issues on a statement by statement basis. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Wiley CPAexcel Exam Review 2019 Study Guide Wiley, 2018-11-06 |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Equity Asset Valuation Jerald E. Pinto, Elaine Henry, Thomas R. Robinson, John D. Stowe, 2010-01-12 A comprehensive look at the equity valuation process With the Second Edition of Equity Asset Valuation, the distinguished team of Jerald Pinto, Elaine Henry, Thomas Robinson, and John Stowe, fully update information associated with this important discipline. Blending theory with practice, they detail the contemporary techniques used to determine the intrinsic value of an equity security, and show you how to successfully apply these techniques in both foreign and domestic markets. Unlike alternative works in this field, the Second Edition of Equity Asset Valuation clearly integrates finance and accounting concepts into the discussion-providing the evenness of subject matter treatment, consistency of notation, and continuity of topic coverage that is so critical to the learning process. Addresses essential issues in this arena, including the equity valuation process, discounted dividend valuation, free cash flow valuation, and residual income valuation Each author brings his own unique experiences and perspectives to the equity analysis process Distills the knowledge, skills, and abilities you need to succeed in today's fast-paced financial environment Companion Workbook also available Valuable for classroom study, self-study, and general reference, this book contains clear, example-driven coverage of many of today's most important valuation issues. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Financial Valuation James R. Hitchner, 2024-12-05 A comprehensive guide to the theory and application of valuation, along with useful models, tools, and tips for analysts Financial Valuation: Applications and Models provides authoritative reference and practical guidance on the appropriate, defensible way to prepare and present business valuations. With contributions by 30 top experts in the field, this updated edition provides an essential resource for those seeking the most up-to-date methods, with a strong emphasis on applications and models. Coverage includes the latest approaches to the valuation of closely held businesses, nonpublic entities, intangibles, and other assets, with comprehensive discussion on valuation theory, a consensus view on application, and the tools to make it happen. This 5th edition has been revised throughout, introducing new and extended coverage of essential topics like: S Corps, discounts for lack of marketability, cost of capital resources, cash flow methods, depositions and trials, and more. Packed with examples, checklists, and models to help navigate valuation projects, this book is an excellent practical tool for working professionals. It also provides hundreds of expert tips and best practices in clear, easy-to-follow language. The companion website provides access to extensive appendix materials, and the perspectives of valuation thought leaders add critical insight. Learn the art and science of estimating the value of businesses, including closely held businesses and nonpublic entities Determine the monetary value of intangible assets like goodwill, intellectual property, and brand recognition Update your knowledge with the latest valuation methods, approaches, and tools Use checklists, templates, models, and examples to make your valuations easier Business valuation analysts, CPAs, appraisers, and attorneys—as well as anyone aspiring to those careers—will appreciate the comprehensive theory and thorough practical guidance in Financial Valuation: Applications and Models. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Leveraged ESOPs and Employee Buyouts Scott S. Rodrick, 2000 |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: PPC's Guide to Business Valuations Jay E. Fishman, Shannon P. Pratt, J. Clifford Griffith, D. Keith Wilson, Stanton L. Meltzer, Mark W. Wells, Eric G. Lipnicky, 2003-03-01 Contains technical guidance and practice aids for performing business valuations, including engagement and representative letters, practice aids, worksheets, checklists, and drafting forms. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Financial Accounting and Reporting Barry Elliott, Jamie Elliott, 2011 Financial Accounting and Reporting is the most up to date text on the market. Now fully updated in its fourteenth edition, it includes extensive coverage of International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This market-leading text offers students a clear, well-structured and comprehensive treatment of the subject. Supported by illustrations and exercises, the book provides a strong balance of theoretical and conceptual coverage. Students using this book will gain the knowledge and skills to help them apply current standards, and critically appraise the underlying concepts and financial reporting methods. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Financial Valuation Workbook James R. Hitchner, Michael J. Mard, 2003-04-07 Exploring valuation theory, the consensus view on application, and the tools to apply it Financial Valuation workbook shows the appropriate way to prepare and present business valuations with a strong emphasis on applications and models. A wealth of examples, checklists, and models helps the reader understand the material and design real valuation projects-a must-have reference for all valuation professionals. A special section includes hundreds of short, concise valuation tips for quick guidance, and the author also includes a set of best practices designed by top professionals. Wiley Finance series and its wide array of bestselling books for the knowledge, insights, and techniques that are essential to success in financial markets. As the pace of change in financial markets and instruments quickens, Wiley Finance continues to respond. With critically acclaimed books by leading thinkers on value investing, risk management, asset allocation, and many other critical subjects, the Wiley Finance series provides the financial community with information they want. Written to provide professionals and individuals with the most current thinking from the best minds in the industry, it is no wonder that the Wiley Finance series is the first and last stop for financial professionals looking to increase their financial expertise. James R. Hitchner, CPA, ABV, ASA (Atlanta, GA), is with Phillips Hitchner and the Financial Consulting Group. He has coauthored over ten books, taught over 100 courses, and published over twenty-five articles in the valuation field. He is also an inductee in the AICPA Business Valuation Hall of Fame. Financial Valuation: Applications and Models. Michael J. Mard, CPA/ABV, ASA is a managing director of The Financial Valuation Group (FVG) in Tampa, Florida. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Fair Value Measurements Mark L. Zyla, 2009-12-04 A hands-on volume for financial executives with guidance on the fair value measurement process In today's dynamic and volatile markets, whether buying or selling, what corporate officers need to know is the worth of an asset today, a task that for many has become complex and at times confusing. Fair Value Measurements: Practical Guidance and Implementation demystifies this topic, offering you a nuts-and-bolts guide of the most recent developments in preparing financial statements using fair value measurements. This straightforward book covers the best practices on measuring fair value in a business combination and how to subsequently test the value of these assets for impairment. Filters complicated insider concepts into easy-to-understand information on the valuation specialist's function Discusses the many new FASB pronouncements involving fair value Instantly familiarizes you on the ins and outs of fair value financial disclosure Well-written, conversational in tone, and filled with valuable insights, Fair Value Measurements: Practical Guidance and Implementation lifts the veil of confusion from the substantial and growing requirements for fair value disclosures. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Towards a Theory and Practice of Cash Flow Accounting (RLE Accounting) T. Lee, Robert Parker, 2013-11-26 This book concerns developments in the history of one accounting idea. It discusses cash flow accounting and, as such, relates what can only be described as a ‘recycled’ accounting problem. Cash flow accounting is the oldest form of monetary accounting, preceding the now conventional accrual and allocation-based accounting. Largely ignored in accounting literature since the early 1950s, this collection concentrates on Lee’s work and provides the reader not only with a relevant selection of his writings on the subject since 1971, but also with a structured collection that explains the way in his thinking has developed on the subject and focuses on relevant influences. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: Financial Valuation, + Website James R. Hitchner, 2017-05-01 A practically-focused resource for business valuation professionals Financial Valuation: Applications and Models provides authoritative reference and practical guidance on the appropriate, defensible way to prepare and present business valuations. With contributions by 30 top experts in the field, this new fourth edition provides an essential resource for those seeking the most up-to-date guidance, with a strong emphasis on applications and models. Coverage includes state-of-the-art methods for the valuation of closely-held businesses, nonpublic entities, intangible, and other assets, with comprehensive discussion on valuation theory, a consensus view on application, and the tools to make it happen. Packed with examples, checklists, and models to help you navigate your valuation project, this book also provides hundreds of expert tips and best practices in clear, easy-to-follow language. The companion website provides access to extensive appendix materials, and the perspectives of valuation thought-leaders add critical insight throughout each step of the process. Valuation is an important part of any organization's overall financial strategy, and seemingly-small inaccuracies or incomplete assessments can have big repercussions. This book walks you through the valuation process to give you the skills and understanding you need to get it done right. Learn best practices from 30 field-leading experts Follow clear examples for complex or unfamiliar scenarios Access practical tools that streamline the valuation process Understand valuation models and real-world applications The business valuation process can become very complex very quickly, and there's no substitute for clear guidance and a delineated framework in the run-up to completion. Get organized from the beginning, and be systematic and methodical every step of the way. Financial Valuation: Applications and Models is the all-encompassing, expert guide to business valuation projects. |
| aicpa business combinations accounting and valuation guide: IFRS Certificate Program AICPA, 2019-04-09 The IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) Certificate program (40.5 CPE Credits) will distinguish you from other accounting and finance professionals and expand your career opportunities both in the U.S. and globally. Since more than 125 countries require or permit the use of IFRS, taking this program will give you a distinct competitive advantage over your peers. As of January 1, 2018, those who successfully complete all courses in the curriculum will receive a certificate of achievement, a digital badge, a subscription to the eIFRS online subscription service and 40+ hours of CPE credit. Why is IFRS relevant in the US, and for you? U.S. multinationals are headquartered across the U.S., so you could easily find yourself with a client that has IFRS requirements, either for itself or a non-U.S. subsidiary. You might increasingly find yourself structuring deals and transactions with IFRS counterparties, including vendors and customers. Understanding the implications of structuring these transactions and reporting using IFRS will require you to have more than a passing knowledge of the differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP. As both the FASB and IASB continue their standard-setting agendas, you'll need to assess proposals and be concerned about divergence that could impact your financial reporting or audit responsibilities going forward. Courses included: Credit for individual courses purchased can be applied to the full program if purchased within one year. IFRS: Business Combinations (IFRS 3) IFRS: Separate and Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10 & IAS 27) IFRS: Earnings Per Share (IAS 33) IFRS: Fair Value Measurement (IFRS 13) IFRS: Financial Statements, Interim Reporting, and Cash Flows (IAS 1, IAS 34, and IAS 7) IFRS: Financial System Considerations in IFRS IFRS: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates IFRS: Impairment of Non-Financial Assets (IAS 36) IFRS: Income Taxes (IAS 12) IFRS: Intangible Assets (IAS 38) IFRS: Inventories (IAS 2) IFRS: Investment Property (IAS 40) IFRS: Investments in Associates and Joint Arrangements (IAS 28 and IFRS 11) IFRS: Financial Instruments (IFRS 9, IAS 39, IAS 31, and IFRS 7) IFRS: Leases (IAS 17) IFRS: Liabilities, Provisions and Contingencies (IAS 37) IFRS 5: Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations IFRS: Policies, Changes, Errors; Events After Reporting Date; Related Parties (IAS 8, 10, and 24) IFRS: Property, Plant & Equipment (IAS 16) IFRS: Revenue Recognition (IAS 18 and IAS 11) IFRS: Segment Reporting (IFRS 8) IFRS: Share-based Payments and Employee Benefits, non-pension (IFRS 2 and IAS 19) IFRS: Tax Considerations Beyond IAS 12 IFRS Governance and Conceptual Framework IFRS: The Starting Point (IFRS 1) Who Will Benefit? Accounting and finance professionals who work for private or public multinational organizations whose parent entity or subsidiaries have adopted IFRS Accountants in public practice who provide audit or assurance services to private or public multinational organizations that have adopted IFRS Learning Objectives Acquire a broad overview of key IFRS definitions and concepts. Obtain proficiency in complex IFRS areas including financial instruments and business combinations. Apply the fundamental principles of IFRS across a range of accounting topics. Understand the accounting impact of the latest standards and amendments issued by the IASB. Key Topics Fair value measurement Intangible assets Financial instruments Leases Revenue recognition Governance and conceptual framework Credit Info CPE CREDITS: Online: 40.5 (CPE credit info) NASBA FIELD OF STUDY: Accounting LEVEL: Basic PREREQUISITES: Familiarity with financial reporting and accounting principles under IFRS ADVANCE PREPARATION: None DELIVERY METHOD: QAS Self-Study COURSE ACRONYM: ICERT2IFRS1 Online Access Instructions A personal pin code is enclosed in the physical packaging that may be activated online upon receipt. Once activated, you will gain immediate online access to the product. System Requirements AICPA’s online CPE courses will operate in a variety of configurations, but only the configuration described below is supported by AICPA technicians. A stable and continuous internet connection is required. In order to record your completion of the online learning courses, please ensure you are connected to the internet at all times while taking the course. It is your responsibility to validate that CPE certificate(s) are available within your account after successfully completing the course and/or exam. Supported Operating Systems: Macintosh OS X 10.10 to present Windows 7 to present Supported Browsers: Apple Safari Google Chrome Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Required Browser Plug-ins: Adobe Flash Adobe Acrobat Reader Technical Support: Please contact service@aicpa.org. |
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