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| degradation meaning in science: Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne, 2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established, but now seriously compromised forms of thought. In this compelling book, Roy Boyne explains the very significant advances for which they have been responsible, their general importance for the human sciences, and the forms of hope that they offer for an age often characterized by scepticism, cynicism and reaction. The focus of the book is the dispute between Foucault and Derrida on the nature of reason, madness and 'otherness'. The range of issues covered includes the birth of the prison, problems of textual interpretation, the nature of the self and contemporary movements such as socialism, feminism and anti-racialism. Roy Boyne argues that whilst the two thinkers chose very different paths, they were in fact rather surprisingly to converge upon the common ground of power and ethics. Despite the evident honesty, importance and adventurousness of the work of Foucault and Derrida, many also find it difficult and opaque. Roy Boyne has performed a major service for students of their writings in this compelling and accessible book. |
| degradation meaning in science: Rewilding Nathalie Pettorelli, Sarah M. Durant, Johan T. du Toit, 2019-01-31 Discusses the benefits and risks, as well as the economic and socio-political realities, of rewilding as a novel conservation tool. |
| degradation meaning in science: Encyclopedia of Agrophysics Jan Gliński, Józef Horabik, Jerzy Lipiec, 2011-06-07 This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a first-up volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering. |
| degradation meaning in science: Polymer Degradation and Stabilization W. L. Hawkins, 2012-12-06 The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions. |
| degradation meaning in science: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| degradation meaning in science: A Framework for K-12 Science Education National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards, 2012-02-28 Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments. |
| degradation meaning in science: Biodegradation and Biodeterioration at the Nanoscale Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal, Ghulam Yasin, Tuan Anh Nguyen, 2021-10-08 Biodegradation and Biodeterioration at the Nanoscale describes the biodegradation and biodeterioration of materials in the presence of nanomaterials. The book's chapters focus on the basic principles, action mechanisms and promising applications of advanced nanomaterials, along with their integration with biotechnological processes for controlled degradation and deterioration of materials. In addition, the current research indications, positive or negative environmental impacts, legislation and future directions are also discussed. This book is an important reference source for researchers, engineers and scientists working in environmental remediation, biotechnology, materials science, corrosion and nanotechnology. - Provides detailed coverage on how nano-biomaterials degrade and deteriorate - Compares how different types of bionanomaterials decompose - Explains how the priorities of bionanomaterials affect their deterioration rate |
| degradation meaning in science: Humiliation, Degradation, Dehumanization Paulus Kaufmann, Hannes Kuch, Christian Neuhaeuser, Elaine Webster, 2010-10-07 Degradation, dehumanization, instrumentalization, humiliation, and nonrecognition – these concepts point to ways in which we understand human beings to be violated in their dignity. Violations of human dignity are brought about by concrete practices and conditions; some commonly acknowledged, such as torture and rape, and others more contested, such as poverty and exclusion. This volume collates reflections on such concepts and a range of practices, deepening our understanding of human dignity and its violation, bringing to the surface interrelationships and commonalities, and pointing to the values that are thereby shown to be in danger. In presenting a streamlined discussion from a negative perspective, complemented by conclusions for a positive account of human dignity, the book is at once a contribution to the body of literature on what dignity is and how it should be protected as well as constituting an alternative, fresh and focused perspective relevant to this significant recurring debate. As the concept of human dignity itself crosses disciplinary boundaries, this is mirrored in the unique range of perspectives brought by the book’s European and American contributors – in philosophy and ethics, law, human rights, literature, cultural studies and interdisciplinary research. This volume will be of interest to social and moral philosophers, legal and human rights theorists, practitioners and students. |
| degradation meaning in science: Cell Biology by the Numbers Ron Milo, Rob Phillips, 2015-12-07 A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid |
| degradation meaning in science: Service Life Prediction of Polymers and Plastics Exposed to Outdoor Weathering Christopher White, Kenneth M. White, James Pickett, 2017-10-13 Service Life Prediction of Polymers and Plastics Exposed to Outdoor Weathering discusses plastics and polymers and their unique applications, from sealants used in construction, to polymer composites used in planes. While these materials are important enablers for advanced technologies, exposure to weather changes the very properties of plastics that make them so useful. This book reviews current research needs and provides a consensus roadmap of the scientific barriers to validated predictive models for the response of polymers and plastics to outdoor exposure. Despite extensive efforts over the past 20-30 years, testing of polymeric materials in accelerated or natural weathering conditions and the interpretation of the weathering results still require substantial improvements. This book represents the state-of-the-art in the prediction techniques available and in development. Engineers and materials scientists working in this field will be able to use the content of this book to assess the strengths and challenges of a range of different methods and approaches. - Enables engineers and scientists in a range of industries to more successfully predict the durability of polymers, paints and coatings when exposed to weather - Provides the latest information to help determine the sustainability of polymeric materials - Reviews the current state-of-the-art in this area and identifies research needs that are followed by more detailed discussions of specific polymers and applications |
| degradation meaning in science: Estimation of the Time Since Death Burkhard Madea, 2015-09-08 Estimation of the Time Since Death remains the foremost authoritative book on scientifically calculating the estimated time of death postmortem. Building on the success of previous editions which covered the early postmortem period, this new edition also covers the later postmortem period including putrefactive changes, entomology, and postmortem r |
| degradation meaning in science: Service Life Prediction of Polymers and Coatings Christopher White, Mark Nichols, James Pickett, 2020-04-28 Service Life Prediction of Polymers and Coatings: Enhanced Methods focuses on the cutting-edge science behind how plastic and polymer materials are modified by the effects of weathering, offering the latest advances in service life prediction methods. The chapters have been developed by experts based on their contributions as part of the 7th Service Life Prediction Meeting. The volume begins with the premise that it is possible to produce and design life predictions, also looking at how these predictions can be used. Subsequent chapters present new developments in service life prediction, examining the most important considerations in SLP design, timescales, and other major issues. The book also considers the current state of the field in terms of both accomplishments and areas that require significant research going forward. This is a highly valuable reference for engineers, designers, technicians, scientists and R&D professionals who are looking to develop materials, components or products for outdoor applications across a range of industries. The book also supports academic researchers, scientists and advanced students with an interest in service life, the effects of weathering, material degradation, failure analysis, or sustainability across the fields of plastics engineering, polymer science and materials science. - Presents novel prediction techniques for plastics and polymers exposed to outdoor weathering - Provides a consensus roadmap on the scientific barriers related to a validated, predictive model for the response of polymer and plastics to outdoor exposure - Enables the reader to assess and compare different methods and approaches to service life prediction |
| degradation meaning in science: Lossless Information Hiding in Images Zhe-Ming Lu, Shi-Ze Guo, 2016-11-14 Lossless Information Hiding in Images introduces many state-of-the-art lossless hiding schemes, most of which come from the authors' publications in the past five years. After reading this book, readers will be able to immediately grasp the status, the typical algorithms, and the trend of the field of lossless information hiding. Lossless information hiding is a technique that enables images to be authenticated and then restored to their original forms by removing the watermark and replacing overridden images. This book focuses on the lossless information hiding in our most popular media, images, classifying them in three categories, i.e., spatial domain based, transform domain based, and compressed domain based. Furthermore, the compressed domain based methods are classified into VQ based, BTC based, and JPEG/JPEG2000 based. - Focuses specifically on lossless information hiding for images - Covers the most common visual medium, images, and the most common compression schemes, JPEG and JPEG 2000 - Includes recent state-of-the-art techniques in the field of lossless image watermarking - Presents many lossless hiding schemes, most of which come from the authors' publications in the past five years |
| degradation meaning in science: Introduction to Surface Engineering P. A. Dearnley, 2017-01-16 This highly illustrated reference work covers the three principal types of surface technologies that best protect engineering devices and products: diffusion technologies, deposition technologies, and other less commonly acknowledged surface engineering (SE) techniques. Various applications are noted throughout the text and additionally whole chapters are devoted to specific SE applications across the automotive, gas turbine engine (GTE), metal machining, and biomedical implant sectors. Along with the benefits of SE, this volume also critically examines SE's limitations. Materials degradation pathways - those which can and those which cannot be mitigated by SE - are rigorously explained. Written from a scientific, materials engineering perspective, this concise text is supported by high-quality images and photo-micrographs which show how surfaces can be engineered to overcome the limits of conventionally produced materials, even in complex or hostile operating environments. This book is a useful resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as professional engineers. |
| degradation meaning in science: Biodegradation Rolando Chamy, 2013-06-14 This book contains a collection of different biodegradation research activities where biological processes take place. The book has two main sections: A) Polymers and Surfactants Biodegradation and B) Biodegradation: Microbial Behaviour. |
| degradation meaning in science: Silent Spring Rachel Carson, 2020-03-26 Now recognized as one of the most influential books of the twentieth century, Silent Spring exposed the destruction of wildlife through the widespread use of pesticides Rachel Carson's Silent Spring alerted a large audience to the environmental and human dangers of pesticides, spurring revolutionary changes in the laws affecting our air, land, and water. Despite condemnation in the press and heavy-handed attempts by the chemical industry to ban the book, Carson succeeded in creating a new public awareness of the environment which led to changes in government and inspired the ecological movement. It is thanks to this book, and the help of many environmentalists, that harmful pesticides such as DDT were banned from use in the US and countries around the world. This Penguin Modern Classics edition includes an introduction by Lord Shackleton, a preface by World Wildlife Fund founder Julian Huxley, and an afterword by Carson's biographer Linda Lear. |
| degradation meaning in science: The New Science of Metagenomics National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Committee on Metagenomics: Challenges and Functional Applications, 2007-06-24 Although we can't usually see them, microbes are essential for every part of human life-indeed all life on Earth. The emerging field of metagenomics offers a new way of exploring the microbial world that will transform modern microbiology and lead to practical applications in medicine, agriculture, alternative energy, environmental remediation, and many others areas. Metagenomics allows researchers to look at the genomes of all of the microbes in an environment at once, providing a meta view of the whole microbial community and the complex interactions within it. It's a quantum leap beyond traditional research techniques that rely on studying-one at a time-the few microbes that can be grown in the laboratory. At the request of the National Science Foundation, five Institutes of the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy, the National Research Council organized a committee to address the current state of metagenomics and identify obstacles current researchers are facing in order to determine how to best support the field and encourage its success. The New Science of Metagenomics recommends the establishment of a Global Metagenomics Initiative comprising a small number of large-scale metagenomics projects as well as many medium- and small-scale projects to advance the technology and develop the standard practices needed to advance the field. The report also addresses database needs, methodological challenges, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in supporting this new field. |
| degradation meaning in science: Conserving Biodiversity National Research Council, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, 1992-02-01 The loss of the earth's biological diversity is widely recognized as a critical environmental problem. That loss is most severe in developing countries, where the conditions of human existence are most difficult. Conserving Biodiversity presents an agenda for research that can provide information to formulate policy and design conservation programs in the Third World. The book includes discussions of research needs in the biological sciences as well as economics and anthropology, areas of critical importance to conservation and sustainable development. Although specifically directed toward development agencies, non-governmental organizations, and decisionmakers in developing nations, this volume should be of interest to all who are involved in the conservation of biological diversity. |
| degradation meaning in science: Encyclopedia of Geochemistry William M. White, 2018-07-24 The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 200 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and citation indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary. |
| degradation meaning in science: Introduction to Fluoropolymers Sina Ebnesajjad, 2013-05-11 Introduction to Fluoropolymers demystifies fluoropolymers for a wide audience of designers, engineers, sales staff and managers. This important group of high-performance polymers has applications across a wide range of market sectors, including automotive, aerospace, medical devices, high performance apparel, oil & gas, renewable energy / solar photovoltaics, electronics / semiconductor, pharmaceuticals, and chemical processing. Dr. Ebnesajjad covers the history and applications of a wide variety of materials, including expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride polymers and fluoroelastomers, just to name a few. Properties and applications are illustrated by real-world examples as diverse as waterproof clothing, vascular grafts and coatings for aircraft interiors. The different applications of fluoropolymers show the benefits of a group of materials that are highly water-repellant and flame-retardant, with unrivalled lubrication properties and a high level of biocompatibility. Health and safety and environmental aspects are also covered throughout the book. - Demystifies fluoropolymers for a broad audience of engineers in areas such as product design and manufacturing, as well as for non-engineers such as technical sales and management professionals - Explains the potential of fluoropolymers for a wide range of applications across sectors such as aerospace, energy and medical devices - Ideal for both recently qualified engineers and engineers with limited experience of fluoropolymers |
| degradation meaning in science: Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, Committee on Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy, 1992-01-01 Aldo Leopold, father of the land ethic, once said, The time has come for science to busy itself with the earth itself. The first step is to reconstruct a sample of what we had to begin with. The concept he expressedâ€restorationâ€is defined in this comprehensive new volume that examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. The committee examines: Key concepts and techniques used in restoration. Common factors in successful restoration efforts. Threats to the health of the nation's aquatic ecosystems. Approaches to evaluation before, during, and after a restoration project. The emerging specialties of restoration and landscape ecology. |
| degradation meaning in science: Recycling of Polyurethane Foams Sabu Thomas, Ajay Vasudeo Rane, Krishnan Kanny, Abitha VK, Martin George Thomas, 2018-06-06 Recycling of Polyurethane Foams introduces the main degradation/depolymerization processes and pathways of polyurethane foam materials, focusing on industrial case studies and academic reviews from recent research and development projects. The book can aid practitioners in understanding the basis of polymer degradation and its relationship with industrial processes, which can be of substantial value to industrial complexes the world over. The main pathways of polymer recycling via different routes and industrial schemes are detailed, covering all current techniques, including regrinding, rebinding, adhesive pressing and compression moulding of recovered PU materials that are then compared with depolymerization approaches. The book examines life cycle assessment and cost analysis associated with polyurethane foams waste management, showing the potential of various techniques. This book will help academics and researchers identify and improve on current depolymerization processes, and it will help industry sustainability professionals choose the appropriate approach for their own waste management systems, thus minimizing the costs and environmental impact of their PU-based end products. - Offers a comprehensive review of all polyurethane foam recycling processes, including both chemical and mechanical approaches - Assesses the potential of each recycling process - Helps industry-based practitioners decide which approach to take to minimize the cost and environmental impact of their end product - Enables academics and researchers to identify and improve upon current processes of degradation and depolymerization |
| degradation meaning in science: Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards Peter T. Bobrowsky, 2013-04-03 Few subjects have caught the attention of the entire world as much as those dealing with natural hazards. The first decade of this new millennium provides a litany of tragic examples of various hazards that turned into disasters affecting millions of individuals around the globe. The human losses (some 225,000 people) associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the economic costs (approximately 200 billion USD) of the 2011 Tohoku Japan earthquake, tsunami and reactor event, and the collective social impacts of human tragedies experienced during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 all provide repetitive reminders that we humans are temporary guests occupying a very active and angry planet. Any examples may have been cited here to stress the point that natural events on Earth may, and often do, lead to disasters and catastrophes when humans place themselves into situations of high risk. Few subjects share the true interdisciplinary dependency that characterizes the field of natural hazards. From geology and geophysics to engineering and emergency response to social psychology and economics, the study of natural hazards draws input from an impressive suite of unique and previously independent specializations. Natural hazards provide a common platform to reduce disciplinary boundaries and facilitate a beneficial synergy in the provision of timely and useful information and action on this critical subject matter. As social norms change regarding the concept of acceptable risk and human migration leads to an explosion in the number of megacities, coastal over-crowding and unmanaged habitation in precarious environments such as mountainous slopes, the vulnerability of people and their susceptibility to natural hazards increases dramatically. Coupled with the concerns of changing climates, escalating recovery costs, a growing divergence between more developed and less developed countries, the subject of natural hazards remains on the forefront of issues that affect all people, nations, and environments all the time. This treatise provides a compendium of critical, timely and very detailed information and essential facts regarding the basic attributes of natural hazards and concomitant disasters. The Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards effectively captures and integrates contributions from an international portfolio of almost 300 specialists whose range of expertise addresses over 330 topics pertinent to the field of natural hazards. Disciplinary barriers are overcome in this comprehensive treatment of the subject matter. Clear illustrations and numerous color images enhance the primary aim to communicate and educate. The inclusion of a series of unique “classic case study” events interspersed throughout the volume provides tangible examples linking concepts, issues, outcomes and solutions. These case studies illustrate different but notable recent, historic and prehistoric events that have shaped the world as we now know it. They provide excellent focal points linking the remaining terms in the volume to the primary field of study. This Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards will remain a standard reference of choice for many years. |
| degradation meaning in science: Environmental Degradation: Causes and Remediation Strategies Vinod Kumar, Jogendra Singh, Pankaj Kumar, 2020-03-10 The compliance of this book is helpful for academicians, researchers, students, as well as other people seeking the relevant material in current trends of studies on the topic of environmental degradation. |
| degradation meaning in science: Degradation Rate of Bioresorbable Materials F J Buchanan, 2008-09-26 Bioresorbable materials are extensively used for a wide range of biomedical applications from drug delivery to fracture fixation, and may remain in the body for weeks, months or even years. Accurately predicting and evaluating the degradation rate of these materials is critical to their performance and the controlled release of bioactive agents. Degradation rate of bioresorbable materials provides a comprehensive review of the most important techniques in safely predicting and evaluating the degradation rate of polymer, ceramic and composite based biomaterials.Part one provides an introductory review of bioresorbable materials and the biological environment of the body. Chapters in Part two address degradation mechanisms of commonly used materials such as polymers and ceramics. This is followed by chapters on bioresorption test methods and modelling techniques in Part three. Part four discusses factors influencing bioresorbability such as sterilisation, porosity and host response. The final section reviews current clinical applications of bioresorbable materials.With its distinguished editor and multidisciplinary team of international contributors, Degradation rate of bioresorbable materials: prediction and evaluation provides a unique and valuable reference for biomaterials scientists, engineers and students as well as the medical community. - Comprehensively reviews the most pertinent techniques in safely predicting and evaluating the degradation rate of bioresorbable materials - Addresses degradation mechanisms of commonly used materials - Discusses factors influencing bioresorbability such as sterilisation and host response |
| degradation meaning in science: The Stars My Destination Alfred Bester, 2010 One of the very best must-read SF novels of all time. |
| degradation meaning in science: Soils and Landscape Restoration John A. Stanturf, Mac A. Callaham, 2020-10-24 Soils and Landscape Restoration provides a multidisciplinary synthesis on the sustainable management and restoration of soils in various landscapes. The book presents applicable knowledge of above- and below-ground interactions and biome specific realizations along with in-depth investigations of particular soil degradation pathways. It focuses on severely degraded soils (e.g., eroded, salinized, mined) as well as the restoration of wetlands, grasslands and forests. The book addresses the need to bring together current perspectives on land degradation and restoration in soil science and restoration ecology to better incorporate soil-based information when restoration plans are formulated. - Incudes a chapter on climate change and novel ecosystems, thus collating the perspective of soil scientists and ecologists on this consequential and controversial topic - Connects science to international policy and practice - Includes summaries at the end of each chapter to elucidate principles and key points |
| degradation meaning in science: Vegetable Oil-Based Polymers Niranjan Karak, 2012-07-10 The growing need to find a sustainable, environmentally-friendly replacement for petroleum-based materials is fuelling the development of bio-based polymers from renewable resources. Amongst the most promising of these are vegetable oil-based polymeric materials. Vegetable oil-based polymers provides a comprehensive review of the research in this important field.After an introduction to classification and polymerization, Vegetable oil-based polymers goes on to review the factors involved in polymer biodegradation. The extraction, purification and application of vegetable oils are then explored, along with vegetable oil-based polyesters and poly(ester amide)s, polyurethanes and epoxies. The book then reviews polyamides, polyolefins and vegetable oil-based hyperbranched polymers. It concludes with an analysis of vegetable oil-based polymer composites and polymer nanocomposites.Vegetable oil-based polymers is an indispensable guide for all those involved in the research and development of biopolymers as well as the wide range of industries looking for more sustainable polymer materials. - Provides a comprehensive review of recent research in the area of vegetable oil-based polymeric materials - Discusses vegetable oils and their derivatives, biodegradable polymers and the fundamentals of polymers - Explores the extraction, purification and application of vegetable oils, along with vegetable oil-based polyesters and poly(ester amide)s, polyurethanes and epoxies |
| degradation meaning in science: Suggestions to Medical Authors and A.M.A. Style Book American Medical Association, 1919 |
| degradation meaning in science: Biological Extinction Partha Dasgupta, Peter Raven, Anna McIvor, 2019-09-05 Questions why species are becoming extinct, and how we can protect the natural world on which we all depend. |
| degradation meaning in science: Epigenetics of Aging Trygve O. Tollefsbol, 2009-11-11 Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible. |
| degradation meaning in science: Photostabilization of Polymers J.F. Rabek, 2012-12-06 During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. Increasing the stability of polymers and plastics towards heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and other environmental agents and weathering conditions has always been a very important problem. The photochemical instability of most of polymers limits them to outdoor application, where they are photo degraded fast over periods ranging from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegrada tion and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In many cases, improved methods of preparation and purification of both monomers and polymers yield products of better quality and higher resistance to heat and light. However, without stabilization of polymers by applica tion of antioxidants (to decrease thermal oxidative degradation) and photostabilizers (to decrease photo-oxidative degradation) it would be impossible to employ polymers and plastics in everyday use. |
| degradation meaning in science: Land Degradation and Desertification Institute of Indian Geographers. Conference, 2003 In the Indian context; contributed papers presented at the 22nd Conference of the Institute of Indian Geographers, and International Geographical Union Commission Meeting on Land Degradation and Desertification, held at the Dept. of Geography, Visva-Bharati University, on January 9-11, 2001. |
| degradation meaning in science: Ozonation and Biodegradation in Environmental Engineering Tatyana Poznyak, Jorge Isaac Chairez Oria, Alexander S. Poznyak, 2018-11-07 Ozonation and Biodegradation in Environmental Engineering: Dynamic Neural Network Approach gives a unified point-of-view on the application of DNN to estimate and control the application of ozonation and biodegradation in chemical and environmental engineering. This book deals with modelling and control design of chemical processes oriented to environmental and chemical engineering problems. Elimination in liquid, solid and gaseous phases are all covered, along with processes of laboratory scale that are evaluated with software sensors and controllers based on DNN technique, including the removal of contaminants in residual water, remediation of contaminated soil, purification of contaminated air, and more. The book also explores combined treatments using both ozonation and biodegradation to test the sensor and controller. - Defines a novel researching trend in environmental engineering processes that deals with incomplete mathematical model description and other non-measurable parameters and variables - Offers both significant new theoretical challenges and an examination of real-world problem-solving - Helps students and practitioners learn and inexpensively implement DNN using commercially available, PC-based software tools |
| degradation meaning in science: Silk Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Subhas C. Kundu, 2014-03-24 Silk is increasingly being used as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications, as well as sutures, due to its unique mechanical and chemical properties. Silk Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine discusses the properties of silk that make it useful for medical purposes and its applications in this area. Part one introduces silk biomaterials, discussing their fundamentals and how they are processed, and considering different types of silk biomaterials. Part two focuses on the properties and behavior of silk biomaterials and the implications of this for their applications in biomedicine. These chapters focus on topics including biodegradation, bio-response to silk sericin, and capillary growth behavior in porous silk films. Finally, part three discusses the applications of silk biomaterials for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomedicine, with chapters on the use of silk biomaterials for vertebral, dental, dermal, and cardiac tissue engineering. Silk Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine is an important resource for materials and tissue engineering scientists, R&D departments in industry and academia, and academics with an interest in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering. - Discusses the properties and applications of silk for medical purposes - Considers pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications |
| degradation meaning in science: Global Trends 2040 National Intelligence Council, 2021-03 The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come. -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading. |
| degradation meaning in science: Drainage Principles and Applications International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, 1994 This text book brings together 26 chapters, 546 fugures, 166 tables, a glossary of 332 definitions. Being the result of ILRI's core business: bringing together the principles and applications of drainage, by giving international courses on drainage |
| degradation meaning in science: Laudato Si Pope Francis, 2015-07-18 “In the heart of this world, the Lord of life, who loves us so much, is always present. He does not abandon us, he does not leave us alone, for he has united himself definitively to our earth, and his love constantly impels us to find new ways forward. Praise be to him!” – Pope Francis, Laudato Si’ In his second encyclical, Laudato Si’: On the Care of Our Common Home, Pope Francis draws all Christians into a dialogue with every person on the planet about our common home. We as human beings are united by the concern for our planet, and every living thing that dwells on it, especially the poorest and most vulnerable. Pope Francis’ letter joins the body of the Church’s social and moral teaching, draws on the best scientific research, providing the foundation for “the ethical and spiritual itinerary that follows.” Laudato Si’ outlines: The current state of our “common home” The Gospel message as seen through creation The human causes of the ecological crisis Ecology and the common good Pope Francis’ call to action for each of us Our Sunday Visitor has included discussion questions, making it perfect for individual or group study, leading all Catholics and Christians into a deeper understanding of the importance of this teaching. |
| degradation meaning in science: ITTO Guidelines for the Restoration, Management and Rehabilitation of Degraded and Secondary Tropical Forests International Tropical Timber Organization, 2002 |
| degradation meaning in science: Our Common Future , 1990 |
Causes, consequence and mitigation
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan ABSTRACT The environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources which includes all the biotic and abiotic element …
Environmental Degradation: Causes, Effects and Solutions
It examines the various effects of environmental degradation, including impacts on human health, biodiversity loss, global warming, ozone layer depletion, atmospheric changes, scarcity of …
An Overview on Environmental Degradation and Mitigation
Environmental degradation refers to the loss of the natural environment in some way for present or future use (McMahon 2021). It is mainly of three types: (a) land/soil degradation; (b) water …
Biodegradation of materials: building bridges between …
Most of these studies emphasize that the potential impact of microorganisms on materials degradation (and/or protection) results mainly from their ability to generate micro-environments …
Chapter 17: Corrosion & Degradation of Materials
How does corrosion of metals occur? Which metals are more likely to corrode and which less? How do we prevent or control corrosion? How to predict which metal oxidizes under different …
Material Degradation
Material degradation describes physical breakdown, the disintegration of materials’ molecules into smaller molecules or fragments. Degradation can be initiated by external influences such as …
Degradation Meaning In Science (2024)
Degradation Meaning In Science: Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne,2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established but now …
Thermal degradation of polymers during their mechanical …
This chapter deals with thermal degradation processes occurring during polymer recycling by melt re-processing, i.e. mechanical recycling. Some general aspects of polymer processing are first …
26 ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND DISASTER …
define the terms environment and environmental degradation; identify various physical and biological components of environment; analyse various reasons for the deterioration of …
Protein Degradation Factsheet - Bristol Myers Squibb
Protein degradation is part of a cell’s protein homeostasis regulatory network that ensures unnecessary proteins are removed from the cellular environment when they are no longer …
Materials Degradation and its Control by Surface Engineering …
Materials degradation is an uncontrolled process without restriction on interactions between seemingly unrelated events. Environmental condi-tions also exert a strong effect on materials …
Learner Understanding of Energy Degradation
Energy degradation is defined relative to a specific set of objects. For example, thermal energy that accumulates in a car as a result of the engine running may be identified as degraded in …
What is Environmental Degradation, What Are Its Causes, and …
In investigating environmental degradation, the starting questions are always social (what is the problem, how is environmental change understood, how are resources used by which actors?) …
Degradation Models - CORE
If the link between the measure of degradation and lifetime is clearly known, the degradation data provide valuable information about product reliability. Accelerated degradation testing (ADT) …
Degradation Meaning In Science (book)
Degradation Meaning In Science: Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne,2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established but now …
A concept of a degraded ecosystem in theory and practice – a …
Degradation pertains to subtle or gradual changes that reduce ecological integrity and health. Damage refers to acute and obvious changes in an ecosystem. An ecosystem is destroyed …
Habitat Degradation: Pressures, Threats, and Conservation
Degradation is a process by which something changes to a worse condition. Hence, habitat degradation is a process by which habitat quality deteriorates and which poses one of the …
Current Insights and Analytical Advances in Forced …
Degradation impurities, also known as degradation products, are substances that are formed during the degradation of a drug substance or drug product. These impurities can arise due to …
Degradation Meaning In Science (Download Only)
Degradation Meaning In Science: Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne,2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established but now …
Degradation Meaning In Science (PDF)
Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne,2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established but now seriously compromised forms …
Causes, consequence and mitigation
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan ABSTRACT The environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources which includes all the biotic and abiotic element …
Environmental Degradation: Causes, Effects and Solutions
It examines the various effects of environmental degradation, including impacts on human health, biodiversity loss, global warming, ozone layer depletion, atmospheric changes, scarcity of …
An Overview on Environmental Degradation and Mitigation
Environmental degradation refers to the loss of the natural environment in some way for present or future use (McMahon 2021). It is mainly of three types: (a) land/soil degradation; (b) water …
Biodegradation of materials: building bridges between …
Most of these studies emphasize that the potential impact of microorganisms on materials degradation (and/or protection) results mainly from their ability to generate micro-environments …
Chapter 17: Corrosion & Degradation of Materials
How does corrosion of metals occur? Which metals are more likely to corrode and which less? How do we prevent or control corrosion? How to predict which metal oxidizes under different …
Material Degradation
Material degradation describes physical breakdown, the disintegration of materials’ molecules into smaller molecules or fragments. Degradation can be initiated by external influences such as …
Degradation Meaning In Science (2024)
Degradation Meaning In Science: Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne,2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established but now …
Thermal degradation of polymers during their mechanical …
This chapter deals with thermal degradation processes occurring during polymer recycling by melt re-processing, i.e. mechanical recycling. Some general aspects of polymer processing are first …
26 ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND DISASTER …
define the terms environment and environmental degradation; identify various physical and biological components of environment; analyse various reasons for the deterioration of …
Protein Degradation Factsheet - Bristol Myers Squibb
Protein degradation is part of a cell’s protein homeostasis regulatory network that ensures unnecessary proteins are removed from the cellular environment when they are no longer …
Materials Degradation and its Control by Surface Engineering …
Materials degradation is an uncontrolled process without restriction on interactions between seemingly unrelated events. Environmental condi-tions also exert a strong effect on materials …
Learner Understanding of Energy Degradation
Energy degradation is defined relative to a specific set of objects. For example, thermal energy that accumulates in a car as a result of the engine running may be identified as degraded in …
What is Environmental Degradation, What Are Its Causes, …
In investigating environmental degradation, the starting questions are always social (what is the problem, how is environmental change understood, how are resources used by which actors?) …
Degradation Models - CORE
If the link between the measure of degradation and lifetime is clearly known, the degradation data provide valuable information about product reliability. Accelerated degradation testing (ADT) …
Degradation Meaning In Science (book)
Degradation Meaning In Science: Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne,2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established but now …
A concept of a degraded ecosystem in theory and practice – a …
Degradation pertains to subtle or gradual changes that reduce ecological integrity and health. Damage refers to acute and obvious changes in an ecosystem. An ecosystem is destroyed …
Habitat Degradation: Pressures, Threats, and Conservation
Degradation is a process by which something changes to a worse condition. Hence, habitat degradation is a process by which habitat quality deteriorates and which poses one of the …
Current Insights and Analytical Advances in Forced …
Degradation impurities, also known as degradation products, are substances that are formed during the degradation of a drug substance or drug product. These impurities can arise due to …
Degradation Meaning In Science (Download Only)
Degradation Meaning In Science: Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne,2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established but now …
Degradation Meaning In Science (PDF)
Foucault and Derrida Roy Boyne,2013-11-05 The writings of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida pose a serious challenge to the old established but now seriously compromised forms …
