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| degrees of freedom problem: Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences Alexander L. George, Andrew Bennett, 2005-04-15 The use of case studies to build and test theories in political science and the other social sciences has increased in recent years. Many scholars have argued that the social sciences rely too heavily on quantitative research and formal models and have attempted to develop and refine rigorous methods for using case studies. This text presents a comprehensive analysis of research methods using case studies and examines the place of case studies in social science methodology. It argues that case studies, statistical methods, and formal models are complementary rather than competitive. The book explains how to design case study research that will produce results useful to policymakers and emphasizes the importance of developing policy-relevant theories. It offers three major contributions to case study methodology: an emphasis on the importance of within-case analysis, a detailed discussion of process tracing, and development of the concept of typological theories. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences will be particularly useful to graduate students and scholars in social science methodology and the philosophy of science, as well as to those designing new research projects, and will contribute greatly to the broader debate about scientific methods. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Human Motor Control David A. Rosenbaum, 2014-06-28 Human Motor Control is a elementary introduction to the field of motor control, stressing psychological, physiological, and computational approaches. Human Motor Control cuts across all disciplines which are defined with respect to movement: physical education, dance, physical therapy, robotics, and so on. The book is organized around major activity areas. - A comprehensive presentation of the major problems and topics in human motor control - Incorporates applications of work that lie outside traditional sports or physical education teaching |
| degrees of freedom problem: Hamiltonian Systems with Three or More Degrees of Freedom Carles Simó, 2012-12-06 A survey of current knowledge about Hamiltonian systems with three or more degrees of freedom and related topics. The Hamiltonian systems appearing in most of the applications are non-integrable. Hence methods to prove non-integrability results are presented and the different meaning attributed to non-integrability are discussed. For systems near an integrable one, it can be shown that, under suitable conditions, some parts of the integrable structure, most of the invariant tori, survive. Many of the papers discuss near-integrable systems. From a topological point of view, some singularities must appear in different problems, either caustics, geodesics, moving wavefronts, etc. This is also related to singularities in the projections of invariant objects, and can be used as a signature of these objects. Hyperbolic dynamics appear as a source on unpredictable behaviour and several mechanisms of hyperbolicity are presented. The destruction of tori leads to Aubrey-Mather objects, and this is touched on for a related class of systems. Examples without periodic orbits are constructed, against a classical conjecture. Other topics concern higher dimensional systems, either finite (networks and localised vibrations on them) or infinite, like the quasiperiodic Schrödinger operator or nonlinear hyperbolic PDE displaying quasiperiodic solutions. Most of the applications presented concern celestial mechanics problems, like the asteroid problem, the design of spacecraft orbits, and methods to compute periodic solutions. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Motor Control Anne Shumway-Cook, Marjorie H. Woollacott, 2007 Motor Control is the only text to bridge the gap between current motor control research and its applications to clinical practice. The text prepares therapists to examine and treat patients with problems related to balance, mobility, and upper extremity function, based on the best available evidence supporting clinical practice. The Third Edition features a new two-color design with an updated art program. This edition provides the latest research findings and their clinical applications in postural control, mobility, and upper extremity function. Drawings, charts, tables, and photographs are also included to clarify postural control and functional mobility, and laboratory activities and case studies are provided to reinforce key concepts. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Six-Degree-of-Freedom Flight Path Study Generalized Computer Program (SDFCP) User's Manual Fay O. Young, 1975 |
| degrees of freedom problem: The Modern Legacy of Gibson's Affordances for the Sciences of Organisms Madhur Mangalam, Alen Hajnal, Damian G. Kelty-Stephen, 2024-02-13 This edited collection provides a comprehensive and empirically informed discussion on affordances and their role in studying goal-directed behavior, covering philosophical, experimental psychological, neuroscientific, and applied perspectives. Showcasing the work of expert contributors from different backgrounds, the book inspires new directions for future research in affordances. Chapters address questions relating to the definition and perception of affordances, their advantages over stimuli, the relationship between affordances and behavior, and how systems engage with affordances in different tasks and intentions. This question-based format provides a distinctive perspective that allows for a thorough exploration of the expansive field of affordance research. This book serves as a crucial resource for seasoned scientists, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of ecological psychology, sensation and perception, cognition, and the philosophy of cognitive science, as well as non-academic individuals interested in mind sciences broadly construed. It provides valuable insights and knowledge in these fields, making it an essential reference for those seeking to deepen their understanding in the areas of perception and cognition. Chapter 5 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license |
| degrees of freedom problem: Coordination and Regulation of Movements N. Bernstein, 1967-01 |
| degrees of freedom problem: Fundamentals of Modern Unsteady Aerodynamics Ülgen Gülçat, 2010-09-30 In this textbook, the author introduces the concept of unsteady aerodynamics and its underlying principles. He provides the readers with a full review of fundamental physics of the free and the forced unsteadines, the terminology and basic equations of aerodynamics ranging from incompressible flow to hypersonics. The book also covers the modern topics concerning the developments made during the last years, especially in relation to wing flappings for propulsion. The book is written for graduate and senior year undergraduate students in Aerodynamics, and it serves as a reference for experienced researchers. Each chapter includes ample examples, questions, problems and relevant references. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Attention and Performance Xiii Marc Jeannerod, 2018-12-07 Compiled as a result of the Thirteenth Symposium of the Association for Attention and Performance, this collection focuses on the Symposium's theme: Organization of Action. The book is arranged in sections which provide a comprehensive view of the main issues raised during the meeting. Several aspects of the theme were considered, including: the anatomical and physiological constraints on motor preparation and execution . the influence of control (proprioceptive, cutaneous, visual, oculomotor) signals the contribution of kinematics to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the role of cognitive constraints such as attention or learning in goal selection This new volume is of particular interest to professionals and researchers in cognitive psychology, physiology, and neuropsychology as well as those studying motor skills. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Bernstein's Construction of Movements Mark L. Latash, 2020-10-29 Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bernstein was one of the great neuroscientists of the twentieth century and highly respected by Western scientists even though most have never read his most important book entitled On the Construction of Movements. Bernstein's Construction of Movements: The Original Text and Commentaries is the first English translation. It supplements the translated text with a series of commentaries by scientists who knew Bernstein personally, as well as leaders in related fields including physics, motor control, and biomechanics. While written in 1947, Bernstein’s book is anything but obsolete, making this English translation and accompanying commentaries an invaluable text. The translated original text presents in detail Bernstein’s views on the evolutionary history of biological movement and his multi-level hierarchical scheme of the construction of movements in higher animals, including humans. The following commentaries address Bernstein’s personality, the history of the book, and current views on different aspects of neuroscience covered in Bernstein’s text. Ultimately, they present a book within the book to showcase how Bernstein’s heritage has developed over the past years. This classic, available for the first time to an English-speaking audience, will prove beneficial to students, instructors, and experts of neuroscience, physics, neurophysiology, motor control, motor rehabilitation, biomechanics, dynamical systems, and related fields. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Handbook of Perception and Action Herbert Heuer, Steven W. Keele, 1996-04-19 This up-to-date handbook focuses on the study of action, ormotor control,which examines movement and skill and the internal processes that lead to them. As action is interrelated with cognition, this is a vigorous field of investigation.Written by international experts, Motor Skills provides current reviews on general processes important to motor control--learning, coordination, timing, planning, and control--and on the individual skills of throwing, catching, reaching, and typing.The text describes important conceptual and methodological advances regarding control theory and timing, and is divided into two sections which analyze skill from the perspectives of general processes and individual skills. |
| degrees of freedom problem: A Rational Expectations Approach to Macroeconometrics Frederic S. Mishkin, 2007-11-01 A Rational Expectations Approach to Macroeconometrics pursues a rational expectations approach to the estimation of a class of models widely discussed in the macroeconomics and finance literature: those which emphasize the effects from unanticipated, rather than anticipated, movements in variables. In this volume, Fredrick S. Mishkin first theoretically develops and discusses a unified econometric treatment of these models and then shows how to estimate them with an annotated computer program. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Motor Learning and Skill Acquisition Michael Spittle, 2021-03-03 Integrating theory with practice, this core textbook provides a structured and sequential introduction to motor learning and motor control. Part 1 begins by introducing what motor learning is and how movement is controlled, before exploring how a learning environment may be manipulated to assist in the learning and performance of movement skills. Part 2 explores motor control from neural, behavioural and dynamic systems perspectives. Part 3 provides an overview of considerations in applying motor learning and skill acquisition principles to physical education, exercise and sports science. Chapters are illustrated with flowcharts and diagrams to aid students' understanding, and include activities and end-of-chapter review questions to consolidate knowledge. Motor Learning and Skill Acquisition is essential reading for all Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science and Sports Coaching students. New to this Edition: - New and updated chapters on skill acquisition approaches, talent identification and development, and performance analysis and feedback as well as separate chapters on practice design and task modification, and practice organisation and planning - Contains additional content on decision-making, tactical and strategic skills, traditional and constraints-led skill acquisition approaches, practice design, and skill-drill and game-based practice for skill acquisition - Supported by a bank of online lecturer resources, including PowerPoints, MCQs and lab activities |
| degrees of freedom problem: Analytical Mechanics Louis N. Hand, Janet D. Finch, 1998-11-13 Analytical Mechanics, first published in 1999, provides a detailed introduction to the key analytical techniques of classical mechanics, one of the cornerstones of physics. It deals with all the important subjects encountered in an undergraduate course and prepares the reader thoroughly for further study at graduate level. The authors set out the fundamentals of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics early on in the book and go on to cover such topics as linear oscillators, planetary orbits, rigid-body motion, small vibrations, nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and special relativity. A special feature is the inclusion of many 'e-mail questions', which are intended to facilitate dialogue between the student and instructor. Many worked examples are given, and there are 250 homework exercises to help students gain confidence and proficiency in problem-solving. It is an ideal textbook for undergraduate courses in classical mechanics, and provides a sound foundation for graduate study. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Small Works John A. Donaldson, 2011-08-15 How can policymakers effectively reduce poverty? Most mainstream economists advocate promoting economic growth, on the grounds that it generally reduces poverty while bringing other economic benefits. However, this dominant hypothesis offers few alternatives for economies that are unable to grow, or in places where economic growth fails to reduce or actually exacerbates poverty. In Small Works, John A. Donaldson draws on his extensive fieldwork in two Chinese provinces—Yunnan and Guizhou—that are exceptions to the purported relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction. In Yunnan, an outward-oriented developmental state, one that focuses on large-scale, urban development, has largely failed to reduce poverty, even though it succeeded in stimulating economic growth. Provincial policy shaped roads, tourism, and mining in ways that often precluded participation by poor people. By contrast, Guizhou is a micro-oriented state, one that promotes small-scale, low-skill economic opportunities—and so reduces poverty despite slow economic growth. It is no coincidence that this Guizhou approach parallels the ideas encapsulated in the scientific development view of China's current president Hu Jintao. After all, Hu, when Guizhou's leader, helped establish the micro-oriented state in the province. Donaldson’s conclusions have implications for our understanding of development and poverty reduction, economic change in China, and the thinking behind China's policy decisions. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Dexterity and Its Development Nicholai A. Bernstein, 2014-04-04 This is a very unusual book. It brings to the English speaking reader a masterpiece written some 50 years ago by one of the greatest minds of the 20th century--Nicholai Aleksandrovich Bernstein--considered the founder of many contemporary fields of science such as biomechanics, motor control, and physiology of activity. Divided into two parts, this volume's first section is a translation of the Russian book On Dexterity and Its Development. It presents, in a very reader-friendly style, Bernstein's major ideas related to the development and control of voluntary movements in general, and to the notion of dexterity, in particular. Although very few scientific works remain interesting to the reader 50 years after they were written, this volume--now available for the first time in English--is a rare exception to this rule. His ideas are certainly not obsolete. Actually, we are just starting to grasp the depth and breadth of his thinking, especially his analysis of the complex notion of dexterity. The second section provides both a historical and a contemporary perspective on Bernstein's ideas. The original work was directed at a wide audience ranging from specialists in biomechanics and motor behavior, to coaches, neurologists, physical therapists, athletes, and even inquisitive college and high school students. The chapters contributed by contemporary scientists mirror Bernstein's style and present new findings in the areas of biomechanics, motor control, and motor development in a way that would be both understandable to non-specialists in these areas, and informative for professionals working in different areas related to human movement. All those interested in the origins and mechanisms of the production of voluntary movements, irrespective of their educational and professional background, will find this book valuable. In addition, the unique history and composition of this text will make it helpful and attractive to historians and philosophers of science. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Applied Neurosciences for the Allied Health Professions Douglas McBean, Frederike van Wijck, 2012-09-21 This brand new resource provides a solid, comprehensive and accessible foundation in neurosciences for undergraduates and pre-registration postgraduate students. Using a multidisciplinary approach, it will guide students in their understanding of the most commonly found problems in neurological rehabilitation and inform their clinical practice. The book starts with the foundation of basic neurosciences, covering the normal function and structure of the nervous system from the organism as a whole through to the molecular level. It also introduces perceptuo-motor control and learning - topics that lie at the heart of rehabilitation. The book then goes on to discuss problems that allied health professionals commonly encounter in neurological rehabilitation. Topics covered include problems with perception and movement, planning, attention and memory, communication, motivation and emotion, sleep, continence and sexuality. The book also introduces key theories and evidence underpinning both behavioural and pharmacotherapeutic interventions used in neurological rehabilitation. The book closes by summarising current principles underpinning best practice and also looks to the future by identifying gaps in evidence-based practice with ideas for future research and what the future may hold for neurological rehabilitation. Throughout, a variety of supplementary information boxes point towards additional material such as Case Studies which highlight the clinical relevance of topics discussed; and a variety of Research Boxes which refer to more advanced material and/or original research studies. Each chapter ends with self-assessment questions which will check progress and prompt students to reflect on how the information presented in the chapter could be applied to clinical practice. Written by a multidisciplinary team, highly experienced in teaching, research and clinical practice Lays the foundation of basic neurosciences for allied health students Accessible and comprehensive text Introduces students to key theories and evidence underpinning neurological rehabilitation Focuses on clinically relevant information End of chapter self-assessment questions of different levels of complexity |
| degrees of freedom problem: Statsnotes: Some Statistics For Management Problems Alan Jessop, 2016-03-17 Managers need access to some statistical advice from time to time to help in solving business problems. Students need access to statistical methods to support work in non-statistics courses, case studies and projects. What is needed will depend on the demands of the problem and how much statistics the manager or student already knows. The requirement is for flexible decision support.This unique book presents statistical ideas and models in easily accessible form describing both methods and issues of application.statsNotes are organized as a set of over one hundred notes rather than as a number of chapters. This enables managers and students to locate just what they need for the problem they have. Each note consists of a description of what to do, an example, the rationale, links to other notes.Managers and students can choose to use as many notes as necessary, which might be just one note or a set of linked notes.Deciding which method will be helpful depends not just on finding an appropriate statistical method but on the business context too. statsNotes provide advice at three levels: While the range of topics covered is similar to those in introductory textbooks and courses, the focus is on management decision and the methods for dealing with risky decisions and management judgment in this book are usually found in more specialist texts. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Neurobiology of Interval Timing Hugo Merchant, Victor de Lafuente, 2014-10-30 The study of how the brain processes temporal information is becoming one of the most important topics in systems, cellular, computational, and cognitive neuroscience, as well as in the physiological bases of music and language. During the last and current decade, interval timing has been intensively studied in humans and animals using increasingly sophisticated methodological approaches. The present book will bring together the latest information gathered from this exciting area of research, putting special emphasis on the neural underpinnings of time processing in behaving human and non-human primates. Thus, Neurobiology of Interval Timing will integrate for the first time the current knowledge of both animal behavior and human cognition of the passage of time in different behavioral context, including the perception and production of time intervals, as well as rhythmic activities, using different experimental and theoretical frameworks. The book will the composed of chapters written by the leading experts in the fields of psychophysics, functional imaging, system neurophysiology, and musicology. This cutting-edge scientific work will integrate the current knowledge of the neurobiology of timing behavior putting in perspective the current hypothesis of how the brain quantifies the passage of time across a wide variety of critical behaviors. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Infant Motor Development Jan P. Piek, 2006 Jan Piek provides guidance to help students understand infant motor development from a variety of disciplines and perspectives. She outlines current theory and research on the topic. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Doing Things Together Judith Martens, 2020-07-06 To understand many of our everyday joint actions we need a theory of skillful joint action. In everyday contexts we do numerous things together. Philosophers of collective intentionality have wondered how we can distinguish parallel cases from cases where we act together. Often their theories argue in favor of one characteristic, feature, or function, that differentiates the two. This feature then distinguishes parallel actions from joint action. The approach in this book is different. Three claims are developed: (1) There are several functions that help human agents coordinate and act together. (2) This entails that joint action should be understood through these different, interrelated, types of coordination. (3) A multidimensional conceptual space, with three levels of control and coordination, will allow us to connect these different forms of coordination and their interdependencies. This allows us to understand the jointness of an action in a more differentiated and encompassing way. This approach has ramifications for several distinctions that are typically understood to be binary, including those between action and mere bodily movement, joint action and parallel action, and action together and not together. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Applied Neuroscience for the Allied Health Professions Douglas McBean, Frederike van Wijck, 2012-08-11 This brand new resource provides a solid, comprehensive and accessible foundation in neurosciences for undergraduates and pre-registration postgraduate students. Using a multidisciplinary approach, it will guide students in their understanding of the most commonly found problems in neurological rehabilitation and inform their clinical practice. The book starts with the foundation of basic neurosciences, covering the normal function and structure of the nervous system from the organism as a whole through to the molecular level. It also introduces perceptuo-motor control and learning - topics that lie at the heart of rehabilitation. The book then goes on to discuss problems that allied health professionals commonly encounter in neurological rehabilitation. Topics covered include problems with perception and movement, planning, attention and memory, communication, motivation and emotion, sleep, continence and sexuality. The book also introduces key theories and evidence underpinning both behavioural and pharmacotherapeutic interventions used in neurological rehabilitation. The book closes by summarising current principles underpinning best practice and also looks to the future by identifying gaps in evidence-based practice with ideas for future research and what the future may hold for neurological rehabilitation. Throughout, a variety of supplementary information boxes point towards additional material such as Case Studies which highlight the clinical relevance of topics discussed; and a variety of Research Boxes which refer to more advanced material and/or original research studies. Each chapter ends with self-assessment questions which will check progress and prompt students to reflect on how the information presented in the chapter could be applied to clinical practice. - Written by a multidisciplinary team, highly experienced in teaching, research and clinical practice - Lays the foundation of basic neurosciences for allied health students - Accessible and comprehensive text - Introduces students to key theories and evidence underpinning neurological rehabilitation - Focuses on clinically relevant information - End of chapter self-assessment questions of different levels of complexity |
| degrees of freedom problem: Interlimb Coordination Stephan P. Swinnen, Jean Massion, Herbert Heuer, P. Casaer, 2013-10-22 This comprehensive edited treatise discusses the neurological, physiological, and cognitive aspects of interlimb coordination. It is unique in promoting a multidisciplinary perspective through introductory chapter contributions from experts in the neurosciences, experimental and developmental psychology, and kinesiology. Beginning with chapters defining the neural basis of interlimb coordination in animals, the book progresses toward an understanding of human locomotor control and coordination and the underlying brain structures and nerves that make such control possible. Section two focuses on the dynamics of interlimb coordination and the physics of movement. The final section presents information on how practice and experience affect coordination, including general skill acquisition, learning to walk, and the process involved in rhythmic tapping. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences James Mahoney, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, 2003-02-10 This book systematically investigates the past accomplishments and future agendas of contemporary comparative-historical analysis. Its core essays explore three major issues: the accumulation of knowledge in the field over the past three decades, the analytic tools used to study temporal process and historical patterns, and the methodologies available for making inferences and for building theories. The introductory and concluding essays situate the field as a whole by comparing it to alternative approaches within the social sciences. Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences will serve as an invaluable resource for scholars in the field, and it will represent a challenge to many other social scientists - especially those who have raised skeptical concerns about comparative-historical analysis in the past. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Action Science Wolfgang Prinz, Miriam Beisert, Arvid Herwig, 2013-02-01 An overview of today's diverse theoretical and methodological approaches to action and the relationship of action and cognition. The emerging field of action science is characterized by a diversity of theoretical and methodological approaches that share the basic functional belief that evolution has optimized cognitive systems to serve the demands of action. This book brings together the constitutive approaches of action science in a single source, covering the relation of action to such cognitive functions as perception, attention, memory, and volition. Each chapter offers a tutorial-like description of a major line of inquiry, written by a leading scientist in the field. Taken together, the chapters reflect a dynamic and rapidly growing field and provide a forum for comparison and possible integration of approaches. After discussing core questions about how actions are controlled and learned, the book considers ecological approaches to action science; neurocogntive approaches to action understanding and attention; developmental approaches to action science; social actions, including imitation and joint action; and the relationships between action and the conceptual system (grounded cognition) and between volition and action. An emerging discipline depends on a rich and multifaceted supply of theoretical and methodological approaches. The diversity of perspectives offered in this book will serve as a guide for future explorations in action science. Contributors Lawrence W. Barsalou, Miriam Beisert, Valerian Chambon, Thomas Goschke, Patrick Haggard, Arvid Herwig, Herbert Heuer, Cecilia Heyes, Bernhard Hommel, Glyn W. Humphreys, Richard B. Ivry, Markus Kiefer, Günther Knoblich, Sally A. Linkenauger, Janeen D. Loehr, Peter J. Marshall, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Wolfgang Prinz, Dennis R. Proffitt, Giacomo Rizzolatti, David A. Rosenbaum, Natalie Sebanz, Corrado Sinigaglia, Sandra Sülzenbrück, Jordan A. Taylor, Michael T. Turvey, Claes von Hofsten, Rebecca A. Williamson |
| degrees of freedom problem: Remote Control Robotics Craig Sayers, 2012-12-06 The author begins with a basic introduction to robot control and then considers the important problems to be overcome: delays or noisy control lines, feedback and response information, and predictive displays. Readers are assumed to have a basic understanding of robotics, though this may be their first exposure to the subject of telerobotics. Both professional engineers and roboticists will find this an invaluable introduction to this subject. |
| degrees of freedom problem: The Spin Structure Of The Nucleon Bernard Frois, Vernon W Hughes, N De Groot, 1998-02-24 From its early beginnings at SLAC in the 1970's, the study of nucleon spin structure using polarized lepton beams and polarized nucleon targets has become increasingly important in nuclear and particle physics, with current experiments at several of the world's high energy and nuclear physics laboratories (CERN, DESY, SLAC and Jefferson Lab) and with enormous related theoretical studies. The understanding of the fascinating but complicated problem of nucleon spin structure has progressed substantially, but fundamental questions remain and it can be confidently predicted that future activity will be high.The Erice Course on The Spin Structure of the Nucleon covered both the experimental and theoretical aspects of the subject, and this volume includes the lectures given at the School. In many cases the lecture material has been extended and updated by the authors. In addition, several recent publications on experimental work have been added in an appendix. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Baryons '98 - Proceedings Of The 8th International Conference On The Structure Of Baryons Dietmar W Menze, Bernard Metsch, 1999-06-18 This volume encompasses current issues in the physics of baryons, including their spectroscopy and quark-gluon substructure, and investigations with electroweak and strong interacting probes. The topics covered are: Baryon and Meson Spectroscopy, Chiral Physics, Heavy Quarks, Deep Inelastic Scattering, Form Factors and Exclusive Processes, Hadron-Nucleon Interaction, Hadrons in Nuclear Medium, and Special Topics in the First and Second Resonance, as well as a special part on the current status of neutrino physics. Each topic begins with an Introduction and Overview so as to make the more specialized papers readily accessible to non-experts. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Structural Analysis O. A. Bauchau, J.I. Craig, 2009-08-03 The authors and their colleagues developed this text over many years, teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in structural analysis courses at the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Technology. The emphasis is on clarity and unity in the presentation of basic structural analysis concepts and methods. The equations of linear elasticity and basic constitutive behaviour of isotropic and composite materials are reviewed. The text focuses on the analysis of practical structural components including bars, beams and plates. Particular attention is devoted to the analysis of thin-walled beams under bending shearing and torsion. Advanced topics such as warping, non-uniform torsion, shear deformations, thermal effect and plastic deformations are addressed. A unified treatment of work and energy principles is provided that naturally leads to an examination of approximate analysis methods including an introduction to matrix and finite element methods. This teaching tool based on practical situations and thorough methodology should prove valuable to both lecturers and students of structural analysis in engineering worldwide. This is a textbook for teaching structural analysis of aerospace structures. It can be used for 3rd and 4th year students in aerospace engineering, as well as for 1st and 2nd year graduate students in aerospace and mechanical engineering. |
| degrees of freedom problem: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Child Development Brian Hopkins, Elena Geangu, Sally Linkenauger, 2017-10-19 Updated and expanded to 124 entries, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Child Development remains the authoritative reference in the field. |
| degrees of freedom problem: WADC Technical Report United States. Wright Air Development Division, 1960 |
| degrees of freedom problem: Electromagnetic Boundary Problems Edward F. Kuester, David C. Chang, 2015-09-15 Electromagnetic Boundary Problems introduces the formulation and solution of Maxwell’s equations describing electromagnetism. Based on a one-semester graduate-level course taught by the authors, the text covers material parameters, equivalence principles, field and source (stream) potentials, and uniqueness, as well as: Provides analytical solutions of waves in regions with planar, cylindrical, spherical, and wedge boundaries Explores the formulation of integral equations and their analytical solutions in some simple cases Discusses approximation techniques for problems without exact analytical solutions Presents a general proof that no classical electromagnetic field can travel faster than the speed of light Features end-of-chapter problems that increase comprehension of key concepts and fuel additional research Electromagnetic Boundary Problems uses generalized functions consistently to treat problems that would otherwise be more difficult, such as jump conditions, motion of wavefronts, and reflection from a moving conductor. The book offers valuable insight into how and why various formulation and solution methods do and do not work. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Learning and Skill Acquisition in Sports: Theoretical Perspectives Christian Thue Bjørndal, Rob Gray, Thomas Schack, 2024-01-29 |
| degrees of freedom problem: Cognition and the Symbolic Processes Robert R. Hoffman, David S. Palermo, 2014-01-14 This volume is a festschrift dedicated to James J. Jenkins, a pioneer in many areas of experimental psychology. It has three major goals: to provide a forum for debate on current theoretical issues in cognitive psychology, to capture the state of the art in reviews of research methods and results, and to generate ideas for new research directions and methodologies. Contributors -- including Jenkins' former students and present colleagues -- ponder fundamental questions such as: * How do people learn to read? * What happens during the processes of speech perception? * How do people acquire problem solving skills? * How do cognitive and motor skills develop and integrate with one another? Many chapters focus specifically on ecological and applied cognitive psychology. Specific topics covered include visual and speech perception, language, memory, motivation, child development, problem solving, and pedagogy. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Knowing Hands David A. Rosenbaum, 2017-02-27 Preface -- Introducing hands -- Building hands -- Energizing hands -- Willing hands -- Seeing hands -- Hearing hands -- Feeling hands -- Joining hands -- Extending hands -- Notes -- References -- Index |
| degrees of freedom problem: A Meaning Processing Approach to Cognition John Flach, Fred Voorhorst, 2019-11-28 A cognitive psychologist and an industrial design engineer draw on their own experiences of cognition in the context of everyday life and work to explore how people attempt to find practical solutions for complex situations. The book approaches these issues by considering higher-order relations between humans and their ecologies such as satisfying, specifying, and affording. This approach is consistent with recent shifts in the worlds of technology and product design from the creation of physical objects to the creation of experiences. Featuring a wealth of bespoke illustrations throughout, A Meaning Processing Approach to Cognition bridges the gap between controlled laboratory experiments and real-world experience, by questioning the metaphysical foundations of cognitive science and suggesting alternative directions to provide better insights for design and engineering. An essential read for all students of Ecological Psychology or Cognitive Systems Design, this book takes the reader on a journey beyond the conventional dichotomy of mind and matter to explore what really matters. |
| degrees of freedom problem: A Constraints-Led Approach to Baseball Coaching Rob Gray, Randy Sullivan, 2023-03-15 A Constraints-Led Approach to Baseball Coaching presents a new approach to baseball coaching and practice. Applying a CLA to the player development process across the skill spectrum from the beginners to elite, this book uses practical examples to demonstrate the theoretical principles of the constraints-led coaching style embedded in research showing the numerous benefits of the approach. This book incorporates case studies and examples of how constraints are manipulated to develop more adaptable players that can perform at a higher level with a reduced risk of injury, shifting the reader’s view of skill acquisition from the concept of the one “correct” solution, acquired through repetition, to the ecological dynamics framework focused on variability, adaptability, and self-organization. Individual chapters cover major topics such as hitting, pitching, and fielding for players from Little League to the pros. This book illustrates the underlying principles so that coaches can develop their own practice activities. A Constraints-Led Approach to Baseball Coaching is a key reading for undergraduate students and practicing sports coaches, physical education teachers and sport scientists alike as well as practicing players and coaches in baseball and related sports. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Computational Neuroscience: Theoretical Insights into Brain Function Paul Cisek, Trevor Drew, John Kalaska, 2007-11-14 Computational neuroscience is a relatively new but rapidly expanding area of research which is becoming increasingly influential in shaping the way scientists think about the brain. Computational approaches have been applied at all levels of analysis, from detailed models of single-channel function, transmembrane currents, single-cell electrical activity, and neural signaling to broad theories of sensory perception, memory, and cognition. This book provides a snapshot of this exciting new field by bringing together chapters on a diversity of topics from some of its most important contributors. This includes chapters on neural coding in single cells, in small networks, and across the entire cerebral cortex, visual processing from the retina to object recognition, neural processing of auditory, vestibular, and electromagnetic stimuli, pattern generation, voluntary movement and posture, motor learning, decision-making and cognition, and algorithms for pattern recognition. Each chapter provides a bridge between a body of data on neural function and a mathematical approach used to interpret and explain that data. These contributions demonstrate how computational approaches have become an essential tool which is integral in many aspects of brain science, from the interpretation of data to the design of new experiments, and to the growth of our understanding of neural function.• Includes contributions by some of the most influential people in the field of computational neuroscience• Demonstrates how computational approaches are being used today to interpret experimental data• Covers a wide range of topics from single neurons, to neural systems, to abstract models of learning |
| degrees of freedom problem: Parity Violation In Atoms And In Polarized Electron Scattering Marie-anne Bouchiat, Bernard Frois, 1999-07-13 In the last few years there has been considerable progress in improving the accuracy of parity violation experiments in electron scattering at high energy and in atomic physics. Recent results are a challenge to the standard electroweak theory and our understanding of hadron structure. This book is an extensive review of the advances in this field. The theoretical framework is presented at a pedagogical level, experiments and future projects are reviewed, and the results and their interpretation are discussed in depth. |
| degrees of freedom problem: Electroactive Polymer Gel Robots Mihoko Otake, 2010-03-10 By the dawn of the new millennium, robotics has undergone a major tra- formation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about bythematurityofthe?eldandtheadvancesinitsrelatedtechnologies.From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenges of the human world. The new generation of robots is expected to safely and dependably co-habitat with humans in homes, workplaces, and communities,providingsupportinservices,entertainment,education,heal- care, manufacturing, and assistance. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has produced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across - verse research areas and scienti?c disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are pr- ing an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the ?eld of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The goal of the series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics (STAR) is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in robotics on the basis of their signi?cance and quality. It is our hope that the wider dissemination of research developments will stimulate more exchanges and collaborations among the research community and contribute to further advancement of this rapidly growing ?eld. |
9_degree_of_freedom_problem - RUB
Degree of freedom problem in human movement for most tasks, there are many more degrees of freedom than task constraints... e.g., 10 joints in the upper arm including scapular joints to …
Degrees of Freedom
Degrees of freedom analysis tells us the maximum number of variables which can be independently specified to uniquely determine a feasible solution to a given problem.
Degrees off Freedom and Constraints, Rectilinear Motion
Degrees of freedom refers to the number of independent spatial coordinates that must be specified to deter mine the position of a body. If the body is a point mass, only three …
Degrees of Freedom in Lasso Problems
We derive the degrees of freedom of the lasso t, placing no assumptions on the predictor matrix X. Like the well-known result of Zou et al. (2007), which gives the degrees of freedom of the …
Using Degrees of Freedom as a Pervasive Strategy for …
Typically, chemical engineering students are in troduced to the concept of degrees of freedom (DoF) along with mass balances where the concept is used to help formulate balances and …
The degrees of freedom problem in postural control: …
This dissertation directly tackles the degrees of freedom problem at the behavioral level as it relates to the redundancy and collective variables of the complex postural control system …
Degrees of Freedom and Constraints - m1maths.com
There are 3 degrees of freedom in specifying a plane in 3-dimensional space. There are 3 constraints in having to fairly divide the bread, the ham and the cheese.
A Differential-Geometric Approach for Bernstein’s Degrees-of …
Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577 Japan arimoto@se.ritsumei.ac.jp Nagoya, RIKEN Summary. This article challenges Bernstein’s problem of redundant degrees of free-dom (DOF) that remains …
Functional Degrees of Freedom
The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of functional degrees of freedom (fDOF), an idea built upon the well defined notion of degrees of freedom (DOF) in classical mechanics …
The Statistical Interpretation of Degrees of Freedom
The main emphasis in this article will be found to be on discovering the degrees of freedom associated with certain standard errors of common and useful significance tests, and that for …
degrees of freedom
−1− , we −ത can compute (Problem: how?) • Degrees of Freedom (one view): the number of independent variables in the sum • 1− ത2 − ത2 + ⋯ + ~ 2( − 1)
AM_T_13_14 - Łódź
Degrees of freedom PROBLEM Two masses m1 and m2 are connected with a spring and are sliding on a frictionless plane. How many degrees of freedom does the system have? Propose …
Exercise 5: Kinematics and Degree of freedom problem - RUB
Exercise 5: Kinematics and Degree of freedom problem Note: You can use this book for help with kinematics (although it is quite advanced, so you'll have to search for simple examples to get …
Microsoft Word - New ver Degrees of Freedom paper.docx
A simple equation is given to calculate the degrees of freedom of a least squares computation which has a priori weights on the parameters and on the observations. The method can be …
MITOCW | 7. Degrees of Freedom, Free Body Diagrams,
For every degree of freedom, you end up with a problem. You're going to need an equation of motion. So if I did not make this assumption, I'd say that the summation of the forces in the z …
What Are Degrees of Freedom? - uliege.be
This research note is intended to com-prehensively define degrees of freedom, to explain how they are calculated, and to give examples of the different types of degrees of freedom in some …
DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN BEHAVIOR - ResearchGate
Researchers have wondered how the nervous system computes the appropriate values for so many degrees of freedom simul-taneously to produce consistent behavioral results (Turvey, …
fbioe-2021-783501 1..13 - Frontiers
The degrees of freedom problem in motor control states that there are multiple ways for humans or animals to perform a movement to achieve the same goal, leaving the question of how the …
Degrees of freedom in lasso problems - projecteuclid.org
1. Introduction. We study degrees of freedom, or the “effective number of parameters,” in 1-penalized linear regression problems. In particular, for a re-sponse vector y Rn, predictor …
Microsoft Word - Article Resource Magazine 06 06 05 Six …
Six degrees of freedom (towards an emergent network solution) The idea of six degrees of separation suggests that we are linked to any other person in the world through a small world …
9_degree_of_freedom_problem - RUB
Degree of freedom problem in human movement for most tasks, there are many more degrees of freedom than task constraints... e.g., 10 joints in the upper arm including scapular joints to …
Degrees of Freedom
Degrees of freedom analysis tells us the maximum number of variables which can be independently specified to uniquely determine a feasible solution to a given problem.
Degrees off Freedom and Constraints, Rectilinear Motion
Degrees of freedom refers to the number of independent spatial coordinates that must be specified to deter mine the position of a body. If the body is a point mass, only three …
Degrees of Freedom in Lasso Problems
We derive the degrees of freedom of the lasso t, placing no assumptions on the predictor matrix X. Like the well-known result of Zou et al. (2007), which gives the degrees of freedom of the …
Using Degrees of Freedom as a Pervasive Strategy for …
Typically, chemical engineering students are in troduced to the concept of degrees of freedom (DoF) along with mass balances where the concept is used to help formulate balances and …
The degrees of freedom problem in postural control: …
This dissertation directly tackles the degrees of freedom problem at the behavioral level as it relates to the redundancy and collective variables of the complex postural control system …
Degrees of Freedom and Constraints - m1maths.com
There are 3 degrees of freedom in specifying a plane in 3-dimensional space. There are 3 constraints in having to fairly divide the bread, the ham and the cheese.
A Differential-Geometric Approach for Bernstein’s Degrees-of …
Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577 Japan arimoto@se.ritsumei.ac.jp Nagoya, RIKEN Summary. This article challenges Bernstein’s problem of redundant degrees of free-dom (DOF) that remains …
Functional Degrees of Freedom
The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of functional degrees of freedom (fDOF), an idea built upon the well defined notion of degrees of freedom (DOF) in classical mechanics …
The Statistical Interpretation of Degrees of Freedom
The main emphasis in this article will be found to be on discovering the degrees of freedom associated with certain standard errors of common and useful significance tests, and that for …
degrees of freedom
−1− , we −ത can compute (Problem: how?) • Degrees of Freedom (one view): the number of independent variables in the sum • 1− ത2 − ത2 + ⋯ + ~ 2( − 1)
AM_T_13_14 - Łódź
Degrees of freedom PROBLEM Two masses m1 and m2 are connected with a spring and are sliding on a frictionless plane. How many degrees of freedom does the system have? Propose …
Exercise 5: Kinematics and Degree of freedom problem - RUB
Exercise 5: Kinematics and Degree of freedom problem Note: You can use this book for help with kinematics (although it is quite advanced, so you'll have to search for simple examples to get …
Microsoft Word - New ver Degrees of Freedom paper.docx
A simple equation is given to calculate the degrees of freedom of a least squares computation which has a priori weights on the parameters and on the observations. The method can be …
MITOCW | 7. Degrees of Freedom, Free Body Diagrams,
For every degree of freedom, you end up with a problem. You're going to need an equation of motion. So if I did not make this assumption, I'd say that the summation of the forces in the z …
What Are Degrees of Freedom? - uliege.be
This research note is intended to com-prehensively define degrees of freedom, to explain how they are calculated, and to give examples of the different types of degrees of freedom in some …
DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN BEHAVIOR - ResearchGate
Researchers have wondered how the nervous system computes the appropriate values for so many degrees of freedom simul-taneously to produce consistent behavioral results (Turvey, …
fbioe-2021-783501 1..13 - Frontiers
The degrees of freedom problem in motor control states that there are multiple ways for humans or animals to perform a movement to achieve the same goal, leaving the question of how the …
Degrees of freedom in lasso problems - projecteuclid.org
1. Introduction. We study degrees of freedom, or the “effective number of parameters,” in 1-penalized linear regression problems. In particular, for a re-sponse vector y Rn, predictor …
Microsoft Word - Article Resource Magazine 06 06 05 Six …
Six degrees of freedom (towards an emergent network solution) The idea of six degrees of separation suggests that we are linked to any other person in the world through a small world …
