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| etias criminal record questions: Immigration and Privacy in the Law of the European Union Niovi Vavoula, 2022-09-12 Immigration and Privacy in the Law of the European Union: The Case of Information Systems examines the privacy challenges posed by the establishment and operation of pan-European centralised databases processing personal data of different categories of third-country nationals. |
| etias criminal record questions: Policing Mobility Regimes Giuseppe Campesi, 2021-08-17 More than 30 years after its birth, the Schengen area of free movement is under siege in Europe: new barriers are being erected along land borders, military assets are increasingly deployed to patrol the Mediterranean, while sophisticated surveillance tools are used to keep track of the flows of people crossing into European space. Bringing together perspectives from political geography, critical criminology and legal theory, Policing Mobility Regimes offers a systematic analysis of the impact that Frontex is having on migration control strategies at the EU level and offers a detailed empirical description of the agency’s organization and operational activities. In addition, this book explores the meaning behind the attempt at developing a post-national border control strategy and what effect this might have on the geopolitics of Europe’s borders. It contributes to the wider theoretical debate on the relationships among migration, security and the transformation of borders in contemporary Europe. An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to all those engaged with criminology, sociology, geography, politics and law as well as all those interested in learning about Europe’s changing borders. |
| etias criminal record questions: Essential Texts on European and International Asylum and Migration Law And Policy Gert Vermeulen, Ellen Desmet, 2017-12-04 This volume comprises the relevant legal instruments and principal policy documents in the area of international and European asylum and migration, including the latest versions of pending legislative proposals. The range of issues covered is comprehensive: human rights; nationality and statelessness; equal treatment, non-discrimination, racism and xenophobia; citizenship, residence and free movement; borders, border management and entry; visa and passenger data; labour migration; family reunification; asylum, subsidiary and temporary protection; irregular migration; and trafficking in human beings. The texts have been ordered according to the multilateral co-operation level within which they were drawn up: either the United Nations, the Council of Europe or the European Union (including Schengen-level instruments). This edition provides practitioners, authorities, policy makers, scholars and students throughout Europe with an accurate, up-to-date and forward-looking compilation of essential texts on asylum and migration matters. |
| etias criminal record questions: The Fight Against Impunity in EU Law Luisa Marin, Stefano Montaldo, 2020-11-26 The fight against impunity is an increasingly central concept in EU law-making and adjudication. What is the meaning and the scope of impunity as a legal concept in the EU legal order? How does the fight against impunity influence policy and adjudication? This timely first piece of comprehensive research aims to to address these largely unexplored questions, which involve structural institutional and substantive dilemmas underpinning the most recent developments of the European integration process. In recent years, the fight against impunity has become a pressing concern for the European institutions. It has shaped several EU policies and has led to a recurring argument in the case law of the Court of Justice. The book sheds light on this elusive notion, providing a much needed conceptual appraisal. The first section examines the scope of the notion of impunity, and its role in the EU decision-making process and in the development of EU competences. Subsequent sections discuss the implications of impunity - and of the fight against it - in a variety of complementary domains, namely the allocation of criminal jurisdiction, mutual recognition instruments, the rise of new surveillance technologies and the external dimension of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. This book is an original and timely contribution to scholarship, which is of interest to academics, researchers and policy-makers alike. |
| etias criminal record questions: EU Law in Populist Times Francesca Bignami, 2020-01-02 A state-of-the-art analysis of the contentious areas of EU law that have been put in the spotlight by populism. |
| etias criminal record questions: Routledge Handbook of Transnational Organized Crime Felia Allum, Stan Gilmour, 2012-03-15 Transnational organized crime crosses borders, challenges States, exploits individuals, pursues profit, wrecks economies, destroys civil society, and ultimately weakens global democracy. It is a phenomenon that is all too often misunderstood and misrepresented. This handbook attempts to redress the balance, by providing a fresh and interdisciplinary overview of the problems which transnational organized crime represents. The innovative aspect of this handbook is not only its interdisciplinary nature but also the dialogue between international academics and practitioners that it presents. The handbook seeks to provide the definitive overview of transnational organized crime, including contributions from leading international scholars as well as emerging researchers. The work starts by examining the origins, concepts, contagion and evolution of transnational organized crime and then moves on to discuss the impact, governance and reactions of governments and their agencies, before looking to the future of transnational organized crime, and how the State will seek to respond. Providing a cutting edge survey of the discipline, this work will be essential reading for all those with an interest in this dangerous phenomenon. |
| etias criminal record questions: Preventing Radicalisation and Terrorism in Europe Valeria Rosato, Maria Luisa Maniscalo, 2019-12 Within the general framework of the European TRIVALENT project, the comparative analysis presented here focuses, alongside policy measures taken at EU level, on counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation policies implemented by five European countries; namely, Belgium, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. These case studies with their peculiarities and differences offer insights into the role of long-term and structural factors in defining counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation policies, and highlight the influence that specific occurrences can have. The volume analyses different types of public policies, including repressive, preventive, legal and administrative measures, together with the role of civil society in preventing and mitigating radicalisation processes. The book offers an updated and critical assessment of the main anti-terrorism and anti-radicalisation policies of the five aforementioned countries, and their strengths and weaknesses, identifying possible evolutionary lines and proposing a series of recommendations. |
| etias criminal record questions: Border Management in Transformation Johann Wagner, 2020-11-26 This book looks into the processes of change and renewal of border control and border security and management during the past 30 years after the fall of the Iron Curtain, and the immense challenges in nation-building in South-Eastern Europe after the collapse of former Yugoslavia in relation to strategic security management. The abolition of border controls within the Schengen area and simultaneous introduction of necessary replacement measures was an additional topic. The book provides an insight into which the European Union is competent in the reform and modernisation of state law enforcement agencies for ensuring effective border control, border surveillance and border management in line with the EU acquis communautaire and EU standards. In the 21st century, along with the process of globalisation, a constantly evolving security environment creates new dimensions of threats and challenges to security and stability of transnational nature. This seeks for comprehensive, multidimensional, collective and well-coordinated responses. The European Union, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, United Nations, as well as other international organisations are able to really contribute to developing cooperative and coordinated responses to these threats by relying on its broad membership and profound expertise and experience. According to the position of the European Union, a modern, cost-benefit-oriented and effective border management system should ensure both, open borders as well as maximum of security at the same time. Thus, the Union’s endeavour is to safeguarding internal security to all member states through preventing transnational threats, combating irregular migration and any forms of cross-border crime for ensuring smooth border crossings for legitimate travellers and their belongings, goods and services. That is why the Union’s concept of Integrated Border Management has been developed to ensure effective border control and surveillance and cost-efficient management of the external borders of the European Union. The Union’s policy is and will continue to be developed on the basis of the three main areas in place: common legislation, close operational/tactical cooperation and financial solidarity. In addition, Integrated Border Management has been confirmed as a priority area for strengthening the cooperation with third countries in the European Commission’s strategic security management approach, where non-EU countries are encouraged as partners to upgrade their border security, surveillance and border management systems. |
| etias criminal record questions: Automated Decision-Making and Effective Remedies Simona Demková, 2023-08-14 This timely book explores the legal and practical challenges created by the increasingly automated decision-making procedures underpinning EU multilevel cooperation, for example, in the fields of border control and law enforcement. It argues that such procedures impact not only the rights to privacy and data protection, but fundamentally challenge the EU constitutional promise of effective judicial protection |
| etias criminal record questions: Information Sharing and Data Protection in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Franziska Boehm, 2011-11-06 Privacy and data protection in police work and law enforcement cooperation has always been a challenging issue. Current developments in EU internal security policy, such as increased information sharing (which includes the exchange of personal data between European law enforcement agencies and judicial actors in the area of freedom, security and justice (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex and OLAF)) and the access of EU agencies, in particular Europol and Eurojust, to data stored in European information systems such as the SIS (II), VIS, CIS or Eurodac raise interesting questions regarding the balance between the rights of individuals and security interests. This book deals with the complexity of the relations between these actors and offers for the first time a comprehensive overview of the structures for information exchange in the area of freedom, security and justice and their compliance with data protection rules in this field. |
| etias criminal record questions: Discrimination and Privacy in the Information Society Bart Custers, Toon Calders, Bart Schermer, Tal Zarsky, 2012-08-11 Vast amounts of data are nowadays collected, stored and processed, in an effort to assist in making a variety of administrative and governmental decisions. These innovative steps considerably improve the speed, effectiveness and quality of decisions. Analyses are increasingly performed by data mining and profiling technologies that statistically and automatically determine patterns and trends. However, when such practices lead to unwanted or unjustified selections, they may result in unacceptable forms of discrimination. Processing vast amounts of data may lead to situations in which data controllers know many of the characteristics, behaviors and whereabouts of people. In some cases, analysts might know more about individuals than these individuals know about themselves. Judging people by their digital identities sheds a different light on our views of privacy and data protection. This book discusses discrimination and privacy issues related to data mining and profiling practices. It provides technological and regulatory solutions, to problems which arise in these innovative contexts. The book explains that common measures for mitigating privacy and discrimination, such as access controls and anonymity, fail to properly resolve privacy and discrimination concerns. Therefore, new solutions, focusing on technology design, transparency and accountability are called for and set forth. |
| etias criminal record questions: The Human Face of the European Union Nuno Ferreira, Theodora Kostakopoulou, Dora Kostakopoulou, Julia Bradshaw, Swati Gola, 2016-08-18 This title assesses EU law and policy using a novel and alternative framework based on the notion of humaneness. |
| etias criminal record questions: Global Inequalities Orkan Köyağasıoğlu, 2020-06-24 Globalization is characterized by a systemic interconnection in which what hapInequality has been on the rise across the globe and living conditions are vastly unequal between different places in the world. Currently, the richest 1% own 45% of the world’s wealth. The consequence is that some people are able to enjoy healthy, wealthy, happy lives whilst others continue to live in ill-health, poverty and sorrow. Rapid economic growth in Asia (particularly China and India) has lifted many people out of extreme poverty. Nevertheless, the wealth divide is steadily growing. According to Oxfam, between 2009 and 2018, the number of billionaires it took to equal the wealth of the world’s poorest 50 percent fell from 380 to 26. Those with extreme wealth have often accumulated their fortunes on the backs of people around the world who work for poor wages and under dangerous conditions. Women are scarce at the top and overrepresented at the bottom. Gender discrimination in the workplace contributes significantly to these persistent economic divides. There are also large differences in wealth across racial groups. Long-standing racial discrimination in many forms, including in education, hiring, and pay practices contribute to persistent earnings gaps. Inequalities have dramatically strengthened the economic and political power of those individuals at the top. |
| etias criminal record questions: Compendium of United Nations Standards and Norms in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs (United Nations), United Nations, 1992 Part Two. HUMAN RIGHTS |
| etias criminal record questions: Preventive Justice Andrew Ashworth, Lucia Zedner, 2014-03-27 This book arises from a three-year study of Preventive Justice directed by Professor Andrew Ashworth and Professor Lucia Zedner at the University of Oxford. The study seeks to develop an account of the principles and values that should guide and limit the state's use of preventive techniques that involve coercion against the individual. States today are increasingly using criminal law or criminal law-like tools to try to prevent or reduce the risk of anticipated future harm. Such measures include criminalizing conduct at an early stage in order to allow authorities to intervene; incapacitating suspected future wrongdoers; and imposing extended sentences or indefinate on past wrongdoers on the basis of their predicted future conduct - all in the name of public protection and security. The chief justification for the state's use of coercion is protecting the public from harm. Although the rationales and justifications of state punishment have been explored extensively, the scope, limits and principles of preventive justice have attracted little doctrinal or conceptual analysis. This book re-assesses the foundations for the range of coercive measures that states now take in the name of prevention and public protection, focussing particularly on coercive measures involving deprivation of liberty. It examines whether these measures are justified, whether they distort the proper boundaries between criminal and civil law, or whether they signal a larger change in the architecture of security. In so doing, it sets out to establish a framework for what we call 'Preventive Justice'. |
| etias criminal record questions: Cultures of Border Control Ruben Zaiotti, 2011-02-15 In recent years, a number of European countries abolished national border controls in favor of Europe’s external frontiers. In doing so, they challenged long-established conceptions of sovereignty, territoriality, and security in world affairs. Setting forth a new analytic framework informed by constructivism and pragmatism, Ruben Zaiotti traces the transformation of underlying assumptions and cultural practices guiding European policymakers and postnational Europe, shedding light on current trends characterizing its politics and relations with others. The book also includes a fascinating comparison to developments in North America, where the United States has pursued more restrictive border control strategies since 9/11. As a broad survey of the origins, evolution, and implications of this remarkable development in European integration, Cultures of Border Control will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations and political geography. |
| etias criminal record questions: EU Counterterrorism Policy Oldrich Bures, 2016-04-22 Although there is a vast body of literature covering the ongoing debates concerning the novelty and gravity of the contemporary terrorist threat, as well as the most appropriate response to it, few authors have thus far analysed the complex set of counterterrorism measures that both the individual Member States and the European Union (EU) have attempted to develop. This volume offers a critical analysis of the measures the European Union has taken to combat terrorism and how, in a number of key areas, EU counterterrorism policy is more of a paper tiger than an effective counterterrorism device. Several legal EU counterterrorism instruments have not been properly implemented at the national level and questions have been raised regarding their effectiveness, appropriateness, and proportionality. The capabilities of EU agencies in the area of counterterrorism remain rather weak and the EU Counterterrorism Coordinator does not have any real powers apart from persuasion. However, this does not mean that EU level action cannot offer any value-added in the fight against terrorism. There are several areas where the EU can provide genuine value-added in the fight against terrorism due to the transnational nature of the contemporary terrorist threat and the nature of a borderless Europe. |
| etias criminal record questions: The European Public Prosecutor’s Office Leendert H. Erkelens, Arjen W.H. Meij, Marta Pawlik, 2014-09-29 In 2013 the European Commission launched its legislative proposal to create a European Public Prosecutor’s Office. The proposal provoked fierce debates, politically as well as on the academic level. Many national parliaments opposed and submitted formally their grievances to the Commission. Negotiations on the proposal between Member States are still ongoing. The T.M.C. Asser Instituut held the first international conference on this unprecedented proposal. This book reflects the main results of that conference. It provides a concise background of and reasoning for the introduction of this new EU body entrusted with far reaching judicial powers disclosing important legal and policy implications. Within its hitherto limited scope the existing system of judicial cooperation between EU Member States will change fundamentally, directly affecting the functioning of national courts and public prosecutions offices. How will this evolve? This book will help answering fundamental questions involved. |
| etias criminal record questions: Border Politics Cengiz Günay, Nina Witjes, 2016-12-09 In the light of mass migration, the rise of nationalism and the resurgence of global terrorism, this timely volume brings the debate on border protection, security and control to the centre stage of international relations research. Rather than analysing borders as mere lines of territorial demarcation in a geopolitical sense, it sheds new light on their changing role in defining and negotiating identity, authority, security, and social and economic differences. Bringing together innovative and interdisciplinary perspectives, the book examines the nexus of authority, society, technology and culture, while also providing in-depth analyses of current international conflicts. Regional case studies comprise the Ukraine crisis, Nagorno-Karabakh, the emergence of new territorial entities such as ISIS, and maritime disputes in the South China Sea, as well as the contestation and re-construction of borders in the context of transnational movements. Bringing together theoretical, empirical and conceptual contributions by international scholars, this Yearbook of the Austrian Institute for International Affairs offers novel perspectives on hotly debated issues in contemporary politics, and will be of interest to researchers, graduate students and political decision makers alike. |
| etias criminal record questions: The EU in the 21st Century David Ramiro Troitiño, Tanel Kerikmäe, Ricardo Martín de la Guardia, Guillermo Á. Pérez Sánchez, 2020-03-06 In the light of Brexit, the migration crisis, and growing scepticism regarding the European integration process, this book offers a comprehensive overview of the most pressing problems facing the European Union in the 21st century. Written by experts from various disciplines, the contributions cover a wide range of economic, legal, social and political challenges, including populism, migration, Brexit, and EU defence, foreign policy and enlargements. Each paper includes a historical account, insights into the problems and challenges confronting the EU, and an assessment of the institutions and policy instruments applied by the EU in response. Discussing each of the problems as part of a process – including the historical roots, current situation and potential solutions – the book allows readers to gain an understanding of the European Union as a living project. |
| etias criminal record questions: Balkan Futures - Three Scenarios for 2025 Marko Čeperković, Florence Gaub, 2018 What will the Western Balkans look like in 2025? Will we witness Republika Srpska declare independence, a worsening of relations between Kosovo* and Serbia, and the rise of ethnic tensions across the region - or will we celebrate Montenegro and Serbia joining the EU, with good reason to hope that the rest of the region will soon follow? This Chaillot Paper presents three contrasting scenarios for the horizon of 2025 - best-case, medium-case, and worst-case. Each scenario takes account of the impact of underlying megatrends (trends that are unlikely to change by 2025) on the future trajectory of the region: the scenarios do not just spell out what 2025 could look like, they also explain how decisions with far-reaching consequences taken at critical junctures (called game-changers) will shape this future between today and then. They therefore serve not merely as a description, but also as a roadmap outlining the different options available |
| etias criminal record questions: Mali's Next Battle Michael Shurkin, Stephanie Pezard, S. Rebecca Zimmerman, 2017-04-19 This report examines Mali’s counterterrorism requirements in light of recent evolutions in the country’s security environment: The terrorist threat in Mali is growing, but Mali’s military remains largely ineffective. It is not possible to strengthen Mali’s counterterrorism capabilities in isolation from its general military capabilities, which are in need of fundamental reform. |
| etias criminal record questions: Digital Borders and Real Rights Evelien Renate Brouwer, 2008 Since its launch in 1995, the majority of personal data held in the Schengen Information System (SIS) concerns third-country nationals to be refused entry to the Schengen territory. This study reveals why the use of the SIS (and the second generation SIS or SIS II) entails a risk to the protection of human rights such as the right to privacy and the right to data protection, but also the freedom of movement of persons and the principle of non-discrimination. This study describes the implementation of the SIS in respectively France, Germany, and the Netherlands and the available legal remedies in both data protection and immigration law. On the basis of three general principles of European law, minimum standards are developed for effective remedies for individuals registered in the SIS, but also other databases such as Eurodac or the Visa Information System. |
| etias criminal record questions: Human Rights of Irregular Migrants in the European Union Annalisa Morticelli, 2021-06-11 The book addresses the difficult issue of irregular migration in the European Union, through a juridical reconstruction of the phenomenon starting from its origins. The interesting aspect is the understanding part between Italy and Germany, to understand the phenomenon in two different member countries, in order to grasp the main critical issues and identify virtuous behaviors in order to create a system that is as homogenous as possible at the level of the European Union. The researches were carried out in Italy and in Germany above all, through the analysis of legislative documents and the doctrine on the subject. |
| etias criminal record questions: Constitutionalising the Security Union Sergio Carrera, Valsamis Mitsilegas, 2018-02-27 This book offers a multidisciplinary examination of the critical issues and challenges associated with the EU's initiative to build a Security Union, particularly in relation to common policies adopted at the member state level aimed at countering terrorism and crime. It delves into EU efforts to support cross-border investigations, the exchange of information and international cooperation, taking stock of the effects on freedom and privacy. The various authors in this collective volume offer key research findings, which contributed to the European Commission's 2017 Comprehensive Assessment of EU Security Policy. They identify and explore the main constitutional dilemmas facing the Security Union concerning EU standards enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty and the commitments undertaken in the context of the EU Better Regulation agenda. Hence, this timely examination of EU security policies sheds light on their effectiveness, proportionality, fundamental rights and societal implications. |
| etias criminal record questions: The Migration Apparatus Gregory Feldman, 2011-10-19 Every year, millions of people from around the world grapple with the European Union's emerging migration management apparatus. Through border controls, biometric information technology, and circular migration programs, this amorphous system combines a whirlwind of disparate policies. The Migration Apparatus examines the daily practices of migration policy officials as they attempt to harmonize legal channels for labor migrants while simultaneously cracking down on illegal migration. Working in the crosshairs of debates surrounding national security and labor, officials have limited individual influence, few ties to each other, and no serious contact with the people whose movements they regulate. As Feldman reveals, this complex construction creates a world of indirect human relations that enables the violence of social indifference as much as the targeted brutality of collective hatred. Employing an innovative nonlocal ethnographic methodology, Feldman illuminates the danger of allowing indifference to govern how we regulate population—and people's lives—in the world today. |
| etias criminal record questions: Global Data Protection in the Field of Law Enforcement Cristina Blasi Casagran, 2016-06-10 This study examines a key aspect of regulatory policy in the field of data protection, namely the frameworks governing the sharing of data for law enforcement purposes, both within the EU and between the EU and the US and other third party countries. The work features a thorough analysis of the main data-sharing instruments that have been used by law enforcement agencies and the intelligence services in the EU and in the US between 2001 to 2015. The study also explores the challenges to data protection which the current frameworks create, and explores the possible responses to those challenges at both EU and global levels. In offering a full overview of the current EU data-sharing instruments and their data protection rules, this book will be of significant benefit to scholars and policymakers working in areas related to privacy, data protection, national security and EU external relations. |
| etias criminal record questions: The Construction of Fatherhood Alice Margaria, 2021-02-11 This book tackles one of the most topical socio-legal issues of today: how the law - in particular, the European Court of Human Rights - is responding to shifting practices and ideas of fatherhood in a world that offers radical possibilities for the fragmentation of the conventional father figure and therefore urges decisions upon what kind of characteristics makes someone a legal father. It explores the Court's reaction to changing family and, more specifically, fatherhood realities. In so doing, it engages in timely conversations about the rights and responsibilities of men as fathers. By tracing values and assumptions underpinning the Court's views on fatherhood, this book contributes to highlight the expressive powers of the ECtHR and, more specifically, the latter's role in producing and legitimising ideas about parenting and, more generally, in influencing how family life is regulated and organised. |
| etias criminal record questions: Building Armies, Building Nations Michael Robert Shurkin, John Gordon, Bryan Frederick, Christopher G. Pernin, 2017 This report proposes an alternative approach to Security Force Assistance (SFA) derived from an interpretation of nation-building and legitimacy formation grounded in history. |
| etias criminal record questions: The Rough Guide to France David Abram, 2003 From cosmopolitan Paris to the sunny Cote d'Azur, from historical Normandy to the rocky Pyrenes, this new edition updates the best of towns, attractions, and landscapes of every region. 100 maps. of color photos. |
| etias criminal record questions: Automating Crime Prevention, Surveillance, and Military Operations Aleš Završnik, Vasja Badalič, 2021-08-19 This interdisciplinary volume critically explores how the ever-increasing use of automated systems is changing policing, criminal justice systems, and military operations at the national and international level. The book examines the ways in which automated systems are beneficial to society, while addressing the risks they represent for human rights. This book starts with a historical overview of how different types of knowledge have transformed crime control and the security domain, comparing those epistemological shifts with the current shift caused by knowledge produced with high-tech information technology tools such as big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The first part explores the use of automated systems, such as predictive policing and platform policing, in law enforcement. The second part analyzes the use of automated systems, such as algorithms used in sentencing and parole decisions, in courts of law. The third part examines the use and misuse of automated systems for surveillance and social control. The fourth part discusses the use of lethal (semi)autonomous weapons systems in armed conflicts. An essential read for researchers, politicians, and advocates interested in the use and potential misuse of automated systems in crime control, this diverse volume draws expertise from such fields as criminology, law, sociology, philosophy, and anthropology. |
| etias criminal record questions: Radicalism and Terrorism in the 21st Century Anna Sroka, Fanny Castro Rial Garrone, Ruben Dario Torres Kumbrian, 2016-12-22 This book addresses the issues of radicalism and terrorism. Each of the two phenomena are analyzed from a multidisciplinary perspective. The book contains articles which explore legal, political, psychological, economic and social aspects of radicalism and terrorism. |
| etias criminal record questions: Research Handbook on EU Criminal Law Valsamis Mitsilegas, Maria Bergström, Theodore Konstadinides, 2016-03-25 EU criminal law is one of the fastest evolving, but also challenging, policy areas and fields of law. This Handbook provides a comprehensive and advanced analysis of EU criminal law as a structurally and constitutionally unique policy area and field of research. With contributions from leading experts, focusing on their respective fields of research, the book is preoccupied with defining cross-border or ‘Euro-crimes’, while allowing Member States to sanction criminal behaviour through mutual cooperation. It contains a web of institutions, agencies and external liaisons, which ensure the protection of EU citizens from serious crime, while protecting the fundamental rights of suspects and criminals. Students and scholars of EU criminal law will benefit from the comprehensive research present in this Handbook. National and EU policy-makers, as well as judges, defence lawyers and human rights lawyers will find the analysis of current legal action, combined with proposed solutions, useful to their work |
| etias criminal record questions: The Gnostic Empire Strikes Back Peter Jones, 1992 |
| etias criminal record questions: Net.wars Wendy Grossman, 1998 London-based American journalist Grossman continues her coverage of the Internet by assessing the battles she believes will define its future. Among them are scams, class divisions, privacy, the Communications Decency Act, women online, pornography, hackers and the computer underground, criminals, and sociopaths. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| etias criminal record questions: The European Public Prosecutor's Office Lorena Bachmaier Winter, 2018-11-02 This book explores the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO), the creation of which was approved in the Regulation adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) Council on 12 October 2017. The EPPO will be an independent European prosecution office tasked with investigating and prosecuting those crimes defined in the recently adopted Regulation 2017/1371 on combating fraud against the Union’s financial interests by means of criminal law. As such, it will be a new actor on the EU landscape, governed by the principle of loyal cooperation with the national prosecuting authorities. This work clarifies some of the challenges that member states will have to face when dealing with a supranational prosecution authority. In addition, it provides guidelines on how to implement the present Regulation while respecting the fundamental rights of defendants in criminal proceedings. The book is of special interest in so far as the analysis and perspective of academics is completed with the contributions of legal experts who have either been involved in the negotiations to establish the European public prosecutor or will be closely linked, as public prosecutors, to the functioning of the future European public prosecutor’s office. |
| etias criminal record questions: The Shifting Border - Legal Cartographies of Migration and Mobility Ayelet Shachar, 2020-02 A critical assessment from the perspective of political and legal theory of how shifting borders impact on migration, mobility and the protection of displaced persons |
| etias criminal record questions: The Routledge Handbook of Critical European Studies Didier Bigo, Thomas Diez, Evangelos Fanoulis, Ben Rosamond, Yannis A. Stivachtis, 2020-12-22 This handbook comprehensively defines and shapes the field of Critical European Union Studies, sets the research agenda and highlights emerging areas of study. Bringing together critical analyses of European Union politics, policies and processes with an expert range of contributors, it overcomes disciplinary borders and paradigms and addresses four main thematic areas pertaining to the study of the European Union and its policies: - Critical approaches to European integration; - Critical approaches to European political economy; - Critical approaches to the EU's internal security; - Critical approaches to the EU's external relations and foreign affairs. In their contributions to this volume, the authors take a sympathetic yet critical approach to the European integration process and the present structures of the European Union. Furthermore, the book provides graduate students and faculty with ideas for future research activity and introduces critical analyses rooted in a broad spectrum of theoretical perspectives. The Routledge Handbook of Critical European Union Studies will be an essential reference for scholars, students, researchers and practitioners interested and working in the fields of EU politics/studies, European integration, European political economy and public policy, EU foreign policy, EU freedom of movement and security practices, and more broadly in international relations, the wider social sciences and humanities. |
| etias criminal record questions: The Movement of Persons Across Borders Louis B. Sohn, Thomas Buergenthal, 1992 |
| etias criminal record questions: Data Protection by Design in the E-Health Care Sector Giorgia Bincoletto, 2021 In the digital age, e-health technologies play a pivotal role in the processing of medical information. As personal health data represent sensitive information concerning a data subject, enhancing data protection and security of systems and practices has become a primary concern. This book explores how an e-health system could be developed and how data processing activities could be carried out to apply data protection principles and requirements from the design stage. There is currently a lack of clarity and knowledge on the topic among developers, data controllers and stakeholders. The research attempts to bridge the gap between the legal and technical disciplines on DPbD by providing a set of guidelines for the implementation of the principle in the e-health care sector. |
ETIAS Requirements for American Citizens | ETIAS Countries
Citizens of the United States need ETIAS to travel to Europe. ETIAS, the European Travel Information and Authorization System, will be operational from 2026. On this page you can find …
ETIAS - European Union - New requirements to travel to Europe
Official EU website on ETIAS, the new travel authorisation for visa-exempt travellers to enter 30 European countries.
ETIAS for American Citizens
The ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) is an electronic authorization for travelers from visa-exempt countries, including the United States, who want to visit Europe …
Do I need a visa to go to Europe? ETIAS gets delayed again ...
Mar 14, 2025 · Not to be confused with a visa, the ETIAS is an entry requirement for visitors from 59 countries, including the U.S., to travel to 30 EU countries for up to 90 days in any 180-day …
ETIAS Travel Authorization For US Citizens Explained
ETIAS, the European Travel Information and Authorization System, is an electronic travel authorization required for visa-exempt nationals traveling to 30 European countries. It …
5 Things to Know About the ETIAS Application and Fee - AARP
Mar 28, 2025 · In 2026, the new European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) will require passport holders from 60 visa-exempt countries, including the U.S., to apply for …
Americans Will Need This New Document For 2025 European ...
Apr 10, 2024 · Starting in May 2025, a special travel authorization—ETIAS, which stands for the European Travel Information and Authorization System–will be required. Once the program …
ETIAS for US Travelers: Requirements & Updates
US Nationals travelling to European Union and Schengen Area will need to electronically apply for and obtain an ETIAS Visa Waiver starting from year 2025. ETIAS for Americans. Basic Facts: …
ETIAS for American Citizens – Etias.org
The ETIAS system will help to improve security from terrorism threats and illegal immigration. For US citizens planning a holiday or business to any of the countries in the Schengen Zone, they …
ETIAS Eligible Countries: Travel Authorization Guide for ...
Jun 5, 2025 · ETIAS allows short-term travel (up to 90 days in any 180-day period) for purposes like tourism, business, or short study. It does not permit work, long-term stays, or residency. …
ETIAS Requirements for American Citizens | ETIAS Countries
Citizens of the United States need ETIAS to travel to Europe. ETIAS, the European Travel Information and Authorization System, will be operational from 2026. On this page you can …
ETIAS - European Union - New requirements to travel to Europe
Official EU website on ETIAS, the new travel authorisation for visa-exempt travellers to enter 30 European countries.
ETIAS for American Citizens
The ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) is an electronic authorization for travelers from visa-exempt countries, including the United States, who want to visit Europe …
Do I need a visa to go to Europe? ETIAS gets delayed again ...
Mar 14, 2025 · Not to be confused with a visa, the ETIAS is an entry requirement for visitors from 59 countries, including the U.S., to travel to 30 EU countries for up to 90 days in any 180-day …
ETIAS Travel Authorization For US Citizens Explained
ETIAS, the European Travel Information and Authorization System, is an electronic travel authorization required for visa-exempt nationals traveling to 30 European countries. It …
5 Things to Know About the ETIAS Application and Fee - AARP
Mar 28, 2025 · In 2026, the new European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) will require passport holders from 60 visa-exempt countries, including the U.S., to apply for …
Americans Will Need This New Document For 2025 European ...
Apr 10, 2024 · Starting in May 2025, a special travel authorization—ETIAS, which stands for the European Travel Information and Authorization System–will be required. Once the program …
ETIAS for US Travelers: Requirements & Updates
US Nationals travelling to European Union and Schengen Area will need to electronically apply for and obtain an ETIAS Visa Waiver starting from year 2025. ETIAS for Americans. Basic Facts: …
ETIAS for American Citizens – Etias.org
The ETIAS system will help to improve security from terrorism threats and illegal immigration. For US citizens planning a holiday or business to any of the countries in the Schengen Zone, they …
ETIAS Eligible Countries: Travel Authorization Guide for ...
Jun 5, 2025 · ETIAS allows short-term travel (up to 90 days in any 180-day period) for purposes like tourism, business, or short study. It does not permit work, long-term stays, or residency. …
