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| democratic republic of congo language: The Democratic Republic of Congo Michael Deibert, 2013-09-12 Over the past two decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo has been at the centre of the deadliest series of conflicts since the Second World War, and now hosts the largest United Nations peacekeeping mission in the world. In this compelling book, acclaimed journalist Michael Deibert paints a picture of a nation in flux, inching towards peace but at the same time solidifying into another era of authoritarian rule under its enigmatic president, Joseph Kabila. Featuring a wealth of first-hand interviews and secondary sources, the narrative travels from war-torn villages in the country's east to the chaotic, pulsing capital of Kinshasa in order to bring us the voices of the Congolese - from impoverished gold prospectors and market women to government officials - as it explores the complicated political, ethnic and economic geography of this tattered land. A must-read for anyone interested in contemporary Africa, The Democratic Republic of Congo: Between, Hope and Despair sheds new light on this sprawling and often misunderstood country that has become iconic both for its great potential and dashed hopes. |
| democratic republic of congo language: A Grammar of Nzadi [B865] Thera Marie Crane, Larry M. Hyman, Simon Nsielanga Tukumu, 2011-11 This publication presents the first documentation of Nzadi, a Bantu language spoken by fishermen along the Kasai River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is the product of extensive study by the authors and participants in field methods and group study courses at the University of California, Berkeley, and consists of ten chapters covering the segmental phonology, tone system, morphology, and sentence structure, followed by appendices on the Nzadi people and history and on Proto-Bantu to Nzadi sound changes. Also included are three texts and a lexicon of over 1100 entries, including a number of fish species. Prior to this work, Nzadi had not even been mentioned in the literature, and at this time still has no entry as a language or dialect in the Ethnologue. Of particular interest in the study of Nzadi is its considerable grammatical simplification, resulting in structures quite different from those of canonical Bantu languages. Although Nzadi has lost most of the inherited agglutinative morphology, there are still recognizable class prefixes on nouns and a reflex of noun class agreement in genitive constructions. Other areas of particular interest are human/number agreement, tense-aspect-mood marking, non-subject relative clause constructions, and WH question formation. This succinct, but comprehensive grammar provides broad coverage of the phonological, grammatical and semantic properties that will be of potential interest not only to Bantuists, Africanists and those interested in this area of the DRC, but also to typologists, general linguists, and students of linguistics. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Changing the Trajectory Sajitha Bashir, 2009-06-25 The Democratic Republic of Congo faces the challenge of providing universal primary education and expanding opportunities for post-secondary education and training for its youth, ages 12 to 24. This study analyzes the current educational attainment and school enrollment status of youth, as well as the formal and informal post-secondary educational and training opportunities available to them. The study uses the results of a simulation model that incorporates enrollment in alternative education programs and considers alternative scenarios for developing the post-primary sector. Each scenario is evaluated for the impact on the human capital accumulation of young people and the sustainability of public expenditures. The report offers policy options for rapidly raising the educational attainment of young people who will be entering the labor force in the next two decades, including expanding opportunities for alternative education and training for out-of-school children, the extension of primary education, and the reorganization of secondary and technical/vocational training to reduce early specialization. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Emizet Francois Kisangani, Scott F. Bobb, 2009-10-01 The third edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo looks back at the nearly 48 years of independence, over a century of colonial rule, and even earlier kingdoms and groups that shared the territory. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 800 cross-referenced dictionary entries on civil wars, mutinies, notable people, places, events, and cultural practices. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Democratic Republic of the Congo Debbie Nevins, Jay Heale, 2018-07-15 The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the largest and most populous country in Central Africa. Its history has been marred by almost continuous war, and the Congolese people have long suffered through political tumult. Largely covered in dense rain forests, the country, also known as Congo-Kinshasa, is traversed by the Congo River, a lifeline that transports Congolese merchants with barges filled with fruit, grains, and bushmeat to local villages. Allow your readers to explore the vibrant culture and lush landscape of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in this book, which features informative sidebars and engaging color photographs. |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Kifuliiru Language: A descriptive grammar Karen Van Otterloo, Roger Van Otterloo, 2011 This groundbreaking study addresses all grammatical levels of Kifuliiru, a Bantu J language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Together with its companion volume (The Kifuliiru Language: Volume 1: Tone, Phonology, and Morphological Derivation), this is one of the most thorough Bantu grammars available, aiming to describe all grammatical features found in over 100 narrative texts, and to provide natural examples. At the word level, this book covers nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, demonstratives, locatives, ideophones and interjections. The chapter on verbs catalogues the extremely wide range of tenses, aspects, and moods. There is a comprehensive chapter on reduplication, and another on proverbs. At the clause level, information structure is carefully presented, including possible alternations of the default clause word order. A complete set of distinct interclausal relations is also laid out. Of particular interest is a detailed study of narrative discourse, an area that most Bantu grammars to date do not cover. This study includes a fascinating section on tight-knit conversations. Also noted are various development markers, which demarcate two distinct levels of thematic salience. Intonation and pauses are also described, including a typical long pause between topic and comment. Many of the discourse features described in this book are common to Bantu languages, and thus this volume invites invite further comparative study. The contents of this book have already provided a springboard for extensive discourse study in dozens of related languages. Roger Van Otterloo received his Masters Degree in Linguistics from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1976. He and his wife Karen (author of Volume 1) have worked with SIL among the Kifuliiru-speaking community since 1980, living in their communities from 1980-1996. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Education in the Democratic Republic of Congo , 2005-01-01 This publication examines key issues related to the development of the education sector in Democratic Republic of Congo, focusing on the primary and secondary levels. Topics discussed include: background context, structure of the education system, education finance, learning outcomes and conditions, and educational quality aspects; as well as a chapter on the organisation, quality and financing of the higher education sector. |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Kongo Kingdom Koen Bostoen, Inge Brinkman, 2018-11-15 A unique and forward-thinking book that sheds new light on the origins, dynamics, and cosmopolitan culture of the Kongo Kingdom from a cross-disciplinary perspective. |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Arts and Crafts of Literacy Andrea Brigaglia, Mauro Nobili, 2017-09-25 During the last two decades, the (re-)discovery of thousands of manuscripts in different regions of sub-Saharan Africa has questioned the long-standing approach of Africa as a continent only characterized by orality and legitimately assigned to the continent the status of a civilization of written literacy. However, most of the existing studies mainly aim at serving literary and historical purposes, and focus only on the textual dimension of the manuscripts. This book advances on the contrary a holistic approach to the study of these manuscripts and gather contributions on the different dimensions of the manuscript, i.e. the materials, the technologies, the practices and the communities involved in the production, commercialization, circulation, preservation and consumption. The originality of this book is found in its methodological approach as well as its comparative geographic focus, presenting studies on a continental scale, including regions formerly neglected by existing scholarship, provides a unique opportunity to expand our still scanty knowledge of the different manuscript cultures that the African continent has developed and that often can still be considered as living traditions. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Democratic Republic of the Congo Debbie Nevins, Jay Heale, 2018-07-15 The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the largest and most populous country in Central Africa. Its history has been marred by almost continuous war, and the Congolese people have long suffered through political tumult. Largely covered in dense rain forests, the country, also known as Congo-Kinshasa, is traversed by the Congo River, a lifeline that transports Congolese merchants with barges filled with fruit, grains, and bushmeat to local villages. Allow your readers to explore the vibrant culture and lush landscape of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in this book, which features informative sidebars and engaging color photographs. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Convincing Rebel Fighters to Disarm Jacob Udo-Udo Jacob, 2016-11-07 One of the key mission objectives of the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) was to disarm and repatriate foreign combatants in the eastern region of the country. To achieve this, MONUC adopted a „push and pull strategy. This involved applying military pressure while at the same time offering opportunities for voluntary disarmament and repatriation for armed combatants of the elusive but deadly Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) – a predominantly Rwandan Hutu armed group in eastern DRC. As part of its pull strategy, MONUC embarked on one of the most sophisticated Information Operations (IO) campaigns in UN history with the core objective of convincing thousands of individual combatants and commanders of the FDLR to voluntarily disarm and join the UN’s Demobilization, Disarmament, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration programme (DDRRR). This book is derived from studies of the narratives, coordination and effectiveness of the UN’s IO in support of DDRRR and how the UN has integrated IO as part of its Mission peace support operations. This book advances contemporary understanding of the relative importance of communication models and their interactions within conflict settings. It provides instruments with which conflict and communication analysts can compare predictions and rationalize Information impacts for future conflicts. About the author Dr. Jacob Udo-Udo Jacob teaches Communications & Media Studies at the American University of Nigeria. He earned his PhD in Communication Studies from the University of Leeds, United Kingdom |
| democratic republic of congo language: King Leopold's Ghost Adam Hochschild, 2019-05-02 Winner of the Duff Cooper Prize, King Leopold’s Ghost is the true and haunting account of Leopold's brutal regime and its lasting effect on a ruined nation. With an introduction by award-winning novelist Barbara Kingsolver. In the late nineteenth century, when the great powers in Europe were tearing Africa apart and seizing ownership of land for themselves, King Leopold of Belgium took hold of the vast and mostly unexplored territory surrounding the Congo River. In his devastatingly barbarous colonization of this area, Leopold stole its rubber and ivory, pummelled its people and set up a ruthless regime that would reduce the population by half. While he did all this, he carefully constructed an image of himself as a deeply feeling humanitarian. King Leopold's Ghost is the inspiring and deeply moving account of a handful of missionaries and other idealists who travelled to Africa and unwittingly found themselves in the middle of a gruesome holocaust. Instead of turning away, these brave few chose to stand up against Leopold. Adam Hochschild brings life to this largely untold story and, crucially, casts blame on those responsible for this atrocity. 'All the tension and drama that one would expect in a good novel' - Robert Harris, author of Fatherland |
| democratic republic of congo language: Democratic Republic of the Congo Joseph R. Oppong, Tania Woodruff, 2007 Introduces the readers to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country valiantly struggling to recover from historical abuse and ongoing war, a geographic paradise in the midst of political turmoil kept alive by the presence of the United Nations and 17,000 peacekeeping troops. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Heading Towards Extinction? Albert Kwokwo Barume, Forest Peoples Programme, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, 2000 Chapter 5: Land Rights |
| democratic republic of congo language: From Zaire to the Democratic Republic of the Congo Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja, 2004 Selected bibliography p.23. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Music Saved Them, They Say Lukas Pairon, 2020-05-19 Music Saved Them, They Say: Social Impacts of Music-Making and Learning in Kinshasa (DR Congo) explores the role music-making has played in community projects run for young people in the poverty-stricken and often violent surroundings of Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The musicians described here – former gang members and so-called witch children living on the streets – believe music was vital in (re)constructing their lives. Based on fieldwork carried out over the course of three-and-a-half years of research, the study synthesizes interviews, focus group sessions, and participant observation to contextualize this complicated cultural and social environment. Inspired by those who have been saved by music, Music Saved Them, They Say seeks to understand how structured musical practice and education can influence the lives of young people in such difficult living conditions, in Kinshasa and beyond. ... a tribute to the persistence, engagement and courage of the people in these projects, who can be proud that their work is now exposed to a global audience, not just of researchers but also to practitioners around the world who could learn from and be inspired by these hitherto unknown projects. —John Sloboda, Research Professor, Guildhall School of Music & Drama This book is very moving but never sentimental, one of the best accounts of music's real transformative capacities that I have come across. —Lucy Green, Emerita Professor of Music Education, University College London Institute of Education |
| democratic republic of congo language: Complementarity, Catalysts, Compliance Christian M. De Vos, 2020-04-23 Critically explores the International Criminal Court's evolution and the domestic effects of its interventions in three African countries. |
| democratic republic of congo language: A Handbook of Kinshasa Lingala John Ellington, 1974 |
| democratic republic of congo language: Democratic Republic of Congo in Pictures Francesca Davis DiPiazza, 2007-12-15 Presents a photographic introduction to the land, history, government, economy, people, and culture of the African nation of Democratic Republic of Congo. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Language Policy and Discourse on Languages in Ukraine Under President Viktor Yanukovych Michael Moser, 2014-04-15 Declared the country's official language in 1996, Ukrainian has weathered constant challenges by post-Soviet political forces promoting Russian. Michael Moser provides the definitive account of the policies and ethno-political dynamics underlying this unique cultural struggle. |
| democratic republic of congo language: International Encyclopedia of Linguistics William J. Frawley, 2003-05-01 The International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2nd Edition encompasses the full range of the contemporary field of linguistics, including historical, comparative, formal, mathematical, functional, and philosophical linguistics with special attention given to interrelations within branches of linguistics and to relations of linguistics with other disciplines. Areas of intersection with the social and behavioral sciences--ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and behavioral linguistics--receive major coverage, along with interdisciplinary work in language and literature, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics, and applied linguistics. Longer entries in the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ranging up to four thousand words, survey the major fields of study--for example, anthropological linguistics, history of linguistics, semantics, and phonetics. Shorter entries treat specific topics within these fields, such as code switching, sound symbolism, and syntactic features. Other short entries define and discuss technical terms used within the various subfields or provide sketches of the careers of important scholars in the history of linguistics, such as Leonard Bloomfield, Roman Jakobson, and Edward Sapir. A major portion of the work is its extensive coverage of languages and language families. From those as familiar as English, Japanese, and the Romance languages to Hittite, Yoruba, and Nahuatl, all corners of the world receive treatment. Languages that are the subject of independent entries are analyzed in terms of their phonology, grammatical features, syntax, and writing systems. Lists attached to each article on a language group or family enumerate all languages, extinct or still spoken, within that group and provide detailed information on the number of known speakers, geographical range, and degree of intelligibility with other languages in the group. In this way, virtually every known language receives coverage. For ease of reference and to aid research, the articles are alphabetically arranged, each signed by the contributor, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, line drawings, maps, tables, and diagrams, and readily accessible via a system of cross-references and a detailed index and synoptic outline. Authoritative, comprehensive, and innovative, the 2nd edition of the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics will be an indispensable addition to personal, public, academic, and research libraries and will introduce a new generation of readers to the complexities and concerns of this field of study. |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Language of Letting Go Melody Beattie, 2009-12-12 Written for those of us who struggle with codependency, these daily meditations offer growth and renewal, and remind us that the best thing we can do is take responsibility for our own self-care. Melody Beattie integrates her own life experiences and fundamental recovery reflections in this unique daily meditation book written especially for those of us who struggle with the issue of codependency.Problems are made to be solved, Melody reminds us, and the best thing we can do is take responsibility for our own pain and self-care. In this daily inspirational book, Melody provides us with a thought to guide us through the day and she encourages us to remember that each day is an opportunity for growth and renewal. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Archaeology and Oral Tradition in Malawi Yusuf M. Juwayeyi, Yusuf M.. Juwayeyi, 2020 First comprehensive account of the origins and early history of the Chewa as revealed by oral tradition and archaeology that allows a more accurate picture of a pre-literate society. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Democratic Republic of the Congo International Monetary Fund. African Dept., 2013-07-23 This Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper on the Democratic Republic of Congo discusses economic policies and development. The macroeconomic and budget framework has been developed to take into account the effects of sectoral policies to maintain macroeconomic stability, a necessary condition for laying the foundation of economic growth and poverty reduction. It is based on the profile of public spending, the assessment of costs for achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2020, and the sector-based economic growth theories taking into account the uncertainties of the international environment and the real potential of the Congolese economy. It is found that it allows for a realistic programming of public spending while highlighting the main budgetary choices proposed by the government. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Religious Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo Roger B. Alfani, 2019 Religious Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo analyzes the contributions of three churches at both the leadership and the grassroots levels to conflict transformation in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo. While states have long been considered main actors in addressing domestic conflicts, this book demonstrates that religious actors can play a significant role in peacebuilding efforts. In addition, rather than focusing exclusively on top-down approaches to conflict resolution, Religious Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo incorporates viewpoints from both leaders of the Catholic, 3ème Communauté Baptiste au Centre de l'Afrique and Arche de l'Alliance in Goma and grassroots members of these three churches. |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Failure of Democracy in the Republic of Congo John Frank Clark, 2008 Why did the democratic experiment launched in the Republic of Congo in 1991 fail so dramatically in 1997? Why has it not been seriously resumed since then? This book provides an analysis of more than fifteen years of Congolese politics. It explores a series of logical hypotheses regarding why democracy failed to take root in Congo. |
| democratic republic of congo language: An Outline of Customs Policy of the Democratic Republic of Congo Jean-Paul Esamba Bokel'Ipoka, 2019-05-21 An Outline of Customs Policy of the Democratic Republic of Congo presents in the easiest way what is meant by customs policy in general, its basics namely: objects, elements, sources, instruments, functions (...), regional and international frameworks. The author stresses on the customs policy progress from 2003 to 2010, which is a decisive period in the DRC customs management, through the implementation of 2003 customs reform and modernization programme. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Manual of Romance Languages in Africa Ursula Reutner, 2023-12-18 With more than two thousand languages spread over its territory, multilingualism is a common reality in Africa. The main official languages of most African countries are Indo-European, in many instances Romance. As they were primarily brought to Africa in the era of colonization, the areas discussed in this volume are thirty-five states that were once ruled by Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal, or Spain, and the African regions still belonging to three of them. Twenty-six states are presented in relation to French, four to Italian, six to Portuguese, and two to Spanish. They are considered in separate chapters according to their sociolinguistic situation, linguistic history, external language policy, linguistic characteristics, and internal language policy. The result is a comprehensive overview of the Romance languages in modern-day Africa. It follows a coherent structure, offers linguistic and sociolinguistic information, and illustrates language contact situations, power relations, as well as the cross-fertilization and mutual enrichment emerging from the interplay of languages and cultures in Africa. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Presbyterian Reformers in Central Africa Robert Benedetto, 1996 This volume contains 123 documents which illustrate the early history of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission and its struggle for human rights in the Congo from 1890 to 1918. The documents, many of which have never previously been published, are crucial to a full understanding of both the work of the Presbyterian Mission and its impact on the social, political, and religious life of the Congo. The book is divided into four parts. Part One documents the founding and early history of the Presbyterian Mission from 1890 to 1898. Part Two documents the deterioration of social conditions in the Congo under King Leopold, and the reform campaigns initiated by the American Mission in Britain and the United States. Part Three consists of documents related to the 1909 libel trial of William M. Morrison and William H. Sheppard, the principal leaders of the American Mission. Part Four documents the Mission's reaction to continuing human rights abuses, particularly religious persecution, under Belgian rule to 1918. The documents - translated chiefly by Winifred K. Vass - are annotated and the volume contains an introduction and an index. |
| democratic republic of congo language: A History of African Linguistics H. Ekkehard Wolff, 2019-06-13 The first global history of African linguistics as an emerging autonomous academic discipline, covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Europe. |
| democratic republic of congo language: English-Medium Instruction in European Higher Education Slobodanka Dimova, Anna Kristina Hultgren, Christian Jensen, 2015-07-24 This volume provides a focused account of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in European higher education, considering issues of ideologies, policies, and practices. This is an essential book for academics, students, policy makers, and educators directly or indirectly implicated in the internationalization of European higher education. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Library of Congress Subject Headings Library of Congress, Library of Congress. Subject Cataloging Division, Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy, 2013 |
| democratic republic of congo language: Library of Congress Subject Headings Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office, 2009 |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, 1985 Zaire, apparently strong and stable under Presdident Mobutu in the early 1970s, was bankrupt and discredited by the end of that decade, beset by hyperinflation and mass corruption, the populace forced into abject poverty. Why and how, in a new african state strategically located in Central Africa and rich in mineral resources, did this happen? How did the Zairian state become a “parasitic predator” upon its own people? |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Essential UN. United Nations, 2018 Everything you always wanted to know about the United Nations in one book! This primer to the United Nations is designed for all global citizens. It covers the history of the UN, what it does and how it does it. As the world's only truly global organization, the United Nations is where countries meet to address universal issues that cannot be resolved by any one of them acting alone. From international peace and security to sustainable development, climate change, human rights, and humanitarian action, the United Nations acts on our behalf around the world. -- |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Statesman's Yearbook 2002 B. Turner, 2016-12-29 For the last 138 years, The Statesman's Yearbook has been relied upon to provide accurate and comprehensive information on the current political, economic and social status of every country in the world. The appointment of the new editor - only the seventh in 138 years - brought enhancements to the 1998-99 edition and these have been continued since then. Internet usage figures are included. Specially commissioned essays from major political and academic figures supplement country entries in areas of major upheaval and change. A fold out colour section provides a political world map and flags for the 191 countries of the world. The task of monitoring the pattern or flow of world change is never-ending. However, the annual publication of The Statesman's Yearbook gives all the information needed in one easily digestible single volume. It will save hours of research and cross-referencing between different sources. A prestigious and popular book, The Statesman's Yearbook is updated every 12 months. In a world of continual change The Statesman's Yearbook is a necessary annual purchase. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Background Notes , 2000 |
| democratic republic of congo language: Radio in Africa Elizabeth Gunner, Liz Gunner, Dina Ligaga, Dumisani Moyo, 2011 Radio is 'Africa's medium', with an ability to transcend barriers to access, facilitate political debate and shape identities. |
| democratic republic of congo language: The Assassination of Lumumba Ludo De Witte, 2022-10-25 The Assassination of Lumumba unravels the appalling mass of lies, hypocrisy and betrayals that have surrounded accounts of the 1961 assassination of Patrice Lumumba-the first prime minister of the Republic of Congo and a pioneer of African unity-since it perpetration. Making use of a huge array of official sources as well as personal testimony from many of those in the Congo at the time, Ludo De Witte reveals a network of complicity ranging from the Belgian government to the CIA. Patrice Lumumba's personal strength and his quest for African unity emerges in stark contrast with one of the murkiest episodes in twentieth-century politics. |
| democratic republic of congo language: Nature and Culture in the Democratic Republic of Congo , 2004 |
The four National Languages of DRC - EN - Translators …
The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world, with over 200 languages spoken in the country. While French is the official language and …
Strengthening Bilingual and Multilingual Learning Systems in ...
In 2009, policymakers in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) introduced the national strategy for the use of national languages. According to the policy, teachers should use one of …
Aspects of Multilingualism in the Democratic Republic of the …
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a multilingual country where 214 native languages (Ethnologue) are spoken among circa 68 million inhabitants (2008). The situations derived …
Language planning and English as a foreign language review
The aim of this scoping review is to investigate the language policy’s ideological basis which mandates the learning of English as a foreign language in secondary schools all over the …
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO - The World Factbook
Despite a wealth of fertile soil, hydroelectric power potential, and mineral resources, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) struggles with many socioeconomic problems, …
The Status and Use of English as a Foreign Language in DRC
French is declared the official language (Article 1), continuing a colonial policy that dates back to the early 1900s. The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the most linguistically diverse …
Liko phonology and grammar - LOT Publications
A Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. …
CRISIS LANGUAGE MAP Democratic Republic of Congo …
May 8, 2018 · The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. Residents within a 300 km radius of Bikoro town speak over 40 …
THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (RDC) ADVOCATING …
Language (CSL) has not been officially recognized. Facing barriers to communication with hearing citizens, and don’t have quality education. Experiencing oppression, negligence, and exclusion …
Uganda - Helpful Words and Phrases
30% were partially French speaking. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is currently the most populous French-speaking country outside France. Kikongo[edit] The constitution says …
Exploring expressions for cardinal directions in Tshiluba
This paper presents the outcomes of a pilot study that explores expressions for cardinal directions in Tshiluba, a Bantu language primarily spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. …
TWB language services in the Democratic Republic of Congo
We currently ofer translations into three Congolese languages: Lingala, Congolese Swahili, and Nande, as well as French. We will add two local languages (Mongo, Ngombe) and a variant of …
The Zairian Language Policy and Its Effect on the Literatures in ...
Cities, towns, streets, and lakes officially took up their African names; the country changed from the Democratic Republic of Congo (or Congo Kinshasa) to the Republic of Zaire, and people …
KILETA , OR KIKONGO WHAT’S IN A NAME? - University of …
Kituba, short for Kikongo-Kituba, is a « contact-based » language variety of central Africa, spoken especially in the southern part of the Republic of Congo, in the southwestern part of the …
Congolese Culture & Foods
Country of Origin: Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Primary Language(s): French, Lingala, Kikongo, Tshiluba, Swahili 7 Percent of Iowa’s Population: Of the 1105 primary …
Country Advice Democratic Republic of Congo (ex-Zaire)
Jun 11, 2013 · As for the place of residence, the HRW representative explained that, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, members of the same ethnic group generally live in a well …
LOMONGO AND THE USE OF POLITENESS IN EVERYDAY …
The Lomongo or Lonkundo is the Bantu language spoken by mongo people in the North- West of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in the South of the Congo-River until the Kasaï stream. …
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO - The World Factbook
The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960. The country’s name was changed to Zaire in 1971 and to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1997.
TOPONYMIC FACTFILE Congo (Democratic Republic) - GOV.UK
1 Congolese may also be used informally, though this adjective may refer to both Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2 ISO 639-3 codes are given for languages …
Democratic Republic of the Congo Unit Study - peanut butter …
Thank you for downloading our Democratic Republic of the Congo Unit Study! Here is what is included in the study: DR Congo Notebooking Pages: Two different styles. Print the one you …
The four National Languages of DRC - EN - Translators …
The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world, with over 200 languages spoken in the country. While French is the official language and …
Strengthening Bilingual and Multilingual Learning Systems in ...
In 2009, policymakers in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) introduced the national strategy for the use of national languages. According to the policy, teachers should use one of …
Aspects of Multilingualism in the Democratic Republic of the …
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a multilingual country where 214 native languages (Ethnologue) are spoken among circa 68 million inhabitants (2008). The situations derived …
Language planning and English as a foreign language review …
The aim of this scoping review is to investigate the language policy’s ideological basis which mandates the learning of English as a foreign language in secondary schools all over the …
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO - The World …
Despite a wealth of fertile soil, hydroelectric power potential, and mineral resources, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) struggles with many socioeconomic problems, …
The Status and Use of English as a Foreign Language in DRC
French is declared the official language (Article 1), continuing a colonial policy that dates back to the early 1900s. The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the most linguistically diverse …
Liko phonology and grammar - LOT Publications
A Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. …
CRISIS LANGUAGE MAP Democratic Republic of Congo …
May 8, 2018 · The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. Residents within a 300 km radius of Bikoro town speak over 40 …
THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (RDC) …
Language (CSL) has not been officially recognized. Facing barriers to communication with hearing citizens, and don’t have quality education. Experiencing oppression, negligence, and exclusion …
Uganda - Helpful Words and Phrases
30% were partially French speaking. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is currently the most populous French-speaking country outside France. Kikongo[edit] The constitution says …
Exploring expressions for cardinal directions in Tshiluba
This paper presents the outcomes of a pilot study that explores expressions for cardinal directions in Tshiluba, a Bantu language primarily spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. …
TWB language services in the Democratic Republic of Congo
We currently ofer translations into three Congolese languages: Lingala, Congolese Swahili, and Nande, as well as French. We will add two local languages (Mongo, Ngombe) and a variant of …
The Zairian Language Policy and Its Effect on the Literatures …
Cities, towns, streets, and lakes officially took up their African names; the country changed from the Democratic Republic of Congo (or Congo Kinshasa) to the Republic of Zaire, and people …
KILETA , OR KIKONGO WHAT’S IN A NAME? - University of …
Kituba, short for Kikongo-Kituba, is a « contact-based » language variety of central Africa, spoken especially in the southern part of the Republic of Congo, in the southwestern part of the …
Congolese Culture & Foods
Country of Origin: Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Primary Language(s): French, Lingala, Kikongo, Tshiluba, Swahili 7 Percent of Iowa’s Population: Of the 1105 primary …
Country Advice Democratic Republic of Congo (ex-Zaire)
Jun 11, 2013 · As for the place of residence, the HRW representative explained that, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, members of the same ethnic group generally live in a well …
LOMONGO AND THE USE OF POLITENESS IN EVERYDAY …
The Lomongo or Lonkundo is the Bantu language spoken by mongo people in the North- West of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in the South of the Congo-River until the Kasaï stream. …
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO - The World …
The Republic of the Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960. The country’s name was changed to Zaire in 1971 and to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1997.
TOPONYMIC FACTFILE Congo (Democratic Republic) - GOV.UK
1 Congolese may also be used informally, though this adjective may refer to both Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2 ISO 639-3 codes are given for languages …
Democratic Republic of the Congo Unit Study - peanut …
Thank you for downloading our Democratic Republic of the Congo Unit Study! Here is what is included in the study: DR Congo Notebooking Pages: Two different styles. Print the one you …
