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| descriptive statistics in psychology: Interpreting and Using Statistics in Psychological Research Andrew N. Christopher, 2016-08-30 This practical, conceptual introduction to statistical analysis by award-winning teacher Andrew N. Christopher uses published research with inherently interesting social sciences content to help students make clear connections between statistics and real life. Using a friendly, easy-to-understand presentation, Christopher walks students through the hand calculations of key statistical tools and provides step-by-step instructions on how to run the appropriate analyses for each type of statistic in SPSS and how to interpret the output. With the premise that a conceptual grasp of statistical techniques is critical for students to truly understand why they are doing what they are doing, the author avoids overly formulaic jargon and instead focuses on when and how to use statistical techniques appropriately. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Learning Statistics with R Daniel Navarro, 2013-01-13 Learning Statistics with R covers the contents of an introductory statistics class, as typically taught to undergraduate psychology students, focusing on the use of the R statistical software and adopting a light, conversational style throughout. The book discusses how to get started in R, and gives an introduction to data manipulation and writing scripts. From a statistical perspective, the book discusses descriptive statistics and graphing first, followed by chapters on probability theory, sampling and estimation, and null hypothesis testing. After introducing the theory, the book covers the analysis of contingency tables, t-tests, ANOVAs and regression. Bayesian statistics are covered at the end of the book. For more information (and the opportunity to check the book out before you buy!) visit http://ua.edu.au/ccs/teaching/lsr or http://learningstatisticswithr.com |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Psychology Statistics For Dummies Donncha Hanna, Martin Dempster, 2013-01-29 The introduction to statistics that psychology students can't afford to be without Understanding statistics is a requirement for obtaining and making the most of a degree in psychology, a fact of life that often takes first year psychology students by surprise. Filled with jargon-free explanations and real-life examples, Psychology Statistics For Dummies makes the often-confusing world of statistics a lot less baffling, and provides you with the step-by-step instructions necessary for carrying out data analysis. Psychology Statistics For Dummies: Serves as an easily accessible supplement to doorstop-sized psychology textbooks Provides psychology students with psychology-specific statistics instruction Includes clear explanations and instruction on performing statistical analysis Teaches students how to analyze their data with SPSS, the most widely used statistical packages among students |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Fundamentals of Descriptive Statistics Zealure C Holcomb, 2016-09-13 • Do your students need to organize and summarize data for term projects? Will they need to perform these tasks on the job? This book gives them thorough preparation. • In twelve short chapters, your students will learn the purposes of descriptive statistics, their calculation, and proper interpretation. • Actual data on the emotional health of foster-care adolescents are used throughout the book to illustrate various ways of deriving meaning from the data with descriptive statistics. Other interesting examples are also included. • Computational procedures are illustrated with step-by-step, easy-to-follow examples. • End-of-chapter exercises provide ample practice for students to master both computations and statistical concepts. • Eliminates the need for students to buy a traditional statistics book that emphasizes inferential statistics. • Thoroughly field-tested for student comprehension. • This book will please you and your students with its clarity of presentation. • Outstanding supplement for students who need to describe term project data. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistics for Psychology II PressGrup Academician Team, Interpreting and Reporting Statistical Results In the realm of psychological research, the ability to interpret and report statistical results accurately is paramount. This chapter delves into the essential guidelines and practices that researchers must follow to communicate findings effectively and responsibly. As psychologists often work with complex data sets, the interpretation of statistical results demands clarity, precision, and rigor. Understanding Statistical Output The first step in interpreting statistical results is to comprehend the output generated by statistical software. This output typically includes a range of statistics such as p-values, confidence intervals, regression coefficients, and others, depending on the analysis conducted. Each of these elements conveys critical information, which must be accurately interpreted to draw meaningful conclusions. For example, in hypothesis testing, the p-value indicates the probability of obtaining results as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. A p-value less than the predefined alpha level (commonly set at 0.05) leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Researchers must not only report the p-value but also contextualize it within the broader framework of the study, including the sample size and effect size. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Illustrating Statistical Procedures: Finding Meaning in Quantitative Data Ray W. Cooksey, 2020-05-14 This book occupies a unique position in the field of statistical analysis in the behavioural and social sciences in that it targets learners who would benefit from learning more conceptually and less computationally about statistical procedures and the software packages that can be used to implement them. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this important research skill domain with an emphasis on visual support for learning and better understanding. The primary focus is on fundamental concepts, procedures and interpretations of statistical analyses within a single broad illustrative research context. The book covers a wide range of descriptive, correlational and inferential statistical procedures as well as more advanced procedures not typically covered in introductory and intermediate statistical texts. It is an ideal reference for postgraduate students as well as for researchers seeking to broaden their conceptual exposure to what is possible in statistical analysis. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Intermediate Statistics Using SPSS Herschel Knapp, 2017-09-14 What statistical test should I use for this kind of data? How do I set up the data? What parameters should I specify when ordering the test? How do I interpret the results? Herschel Knapp′s friendly and approachable guide to real-world statistics answers these questions. Intermediate Statistics Using SPSS is not about abstract statistical theory or the derivation or memorization of statistical formulas–it is about applied statistics. With jargon-free language and clear processing instructions, this text covers the most common statistical functions–from basic to more advanced. Practical exercises at the conclusion of each chapter offer students an opportunity to process viable data sets, write cohesive abstracts in APA style, and build a thorough comprehension of the statistical process. Students will learn by doing with this truly practical approach to statistics. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology Hugh Coolican, 2017-08-16 This sixth edition of Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology has been fully revised and updated, providing students with the most readable and comprehensive survey of research methods, statistical concepts and procedures in psychology today. Assuming no prior knowledge, this bestselling text takes you through every stage of your research project giving advice on planning and conducting studies, analysing data and writing up reports. The book provides clear coverage of statistical procedures, and includes everything needed from nominal level tests to multi-factorial ANOVA designs, multiple regression and log linear analysis. It features detailed and illustrated SPSS instructions for all these procedures eliminating the need for an extra SPSS textbook. New features in the sixth edition include: Tricky bits - in-depth notes on the things that students typically have problems with, including common misunderstandings and likely mistakes. Improved coverage of qualitative methods and analysis, plus updates to Grounded Theory, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis and Discourse Analysis. A full and recently published journal article using Thematic Analysis, illustrating how articles appear in print. Discussion of contemporary issues and debates, including recent coverage of journals’ reluctance to publish replication of studies. Fully updated online links, offering even more information and useful resources, especially for statistics. Each chapter contains a glossary, key terms and newly integrated exercises, ensuring that key concepts are understood. A companion website (www.routledge.com/cw/coolican) provides additional exercises, revision flash cards, links to further reading and data for use with SPSS. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistics and Research Methods in Psychology with Excel J.P. Verma, 2019-08-27 This book, specifically developed for students of psychology, covers a wide range of topics in statistics and research designs taught in psychology, in particular, and other disciplines like management, sociology, education, home science, and nutrition, in general, in most universities. It explains how to use Excel to analyze research data by elaborating statistical concepts. Each chapter contains sections like “Check you Computing skill” and “Check your Statistical Concepts” to enable students to assess their knowledge in a graded manner. The book addresses one of the major challenges in psychology research, viz., how to measure subjective phenomenon like attitude, desire, and preferences of an individual. Separate emphasis has been given to the measurement techniques which are essential tools to assess these subjective parameters in numerical form, required for statistical analysis to draw meaningful conclusions. The book is equally helpful to students of humanities, life sciences and other applied areas. Consisting of 14 chapters, the book covers all relevant topics of statistics and research designs which are important for students to plan and complete their research work. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: The Process of Research and Statistical Analysis in Psychology Dawn M. McBride, 2019-07-17 The Process of Research and Statistical Analysis in Psychology presents integrated coverage of psychological research methods and statistical analysis to illustrate how these two crucial processes work together to uncover new information. Best-selling author Dawn M. McBride draws on over 20 years of experience using a practical step-by-step approach in her teaching to guide readers through the full process of designing, conducting, and presenting a research study. The text opens with introductory discussions of why psychologists conduct and analyze research before digging into the process of designing an experiment and performing statistical analyses. Each chapter concludes with exercises and activities that promote critical thinking, the smart consumption of research, and practical application. Readers will come away with a complete picture of the role that research plays in psychology as well as their everyday lives. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistics in Psychology Using R and SPSS Dieter Rasch, Klaus Kubinger, Takuya Yanagida, 2011-12-12 Statistics in Psychology covers all statistical methods needed in education and research in psychology. This book looks at research questions when planning data sampling, that is to design the intended study and to calculate the sample sizes in advance. In other words, no analysis applies if the minimum size is not determined in order to fulfil certain precision requirements. The book looks at the process of empirical research into the following seven stages: Formulation of the problem Stipulation of the precision requirements Selecting the statistical model for the planning and analysis The (optimal) design of the experiment or survey Performing the experiment or the survey Statistical analysis of the observed results Interpretation of the results. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Understanding Social Science Research Thomas R Black, 2002 The ability to read published research critically is essential and is different from the skills involved in undertaking research using statistical analysis. This New Edition of Thomas R Black's best-selling text explains in clear and straightforward terms how students can evaluate research, with particular emphasis on research involving some aspect of measurement. The coverage of fundamental concepts is comprehensive and supports topics including research design, data collection and data analysis by addressing the following major issues: Are the questions and hypotheses advanced appropriate and testable? Is the research design sufficient for the hypothesis? Is the data gathered valid, reliable and objective? Are the statistical techniques used to analyze the data appropriate and do they support the conclusions reached? Each of the chapters from the New Edition has been thoroughly updated, with particular emphasis on improving and increasing the range of activities for students. As well, coverage has been broadened to include: a wider range of research designs; a section on research ethics; item analysis; the definition of standard deviation with a guide for calculation; the concept of `power' in statistical inference; calculating correlations; and a description of the difference between parametric and non-parametric tests in terms of research questions. Evaluating Social Science Research An Introduction 2nd Edition will be key reading for undergraduate and postgrduate students in research methodology and evaluation across the social sciences. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods Mike Allen, 2017-04-11 Communication research is evolving and changing in a world of online journals, open-access, and new ways of obtaining data and conducting experiments via the Internet. Although there are generic encyclopedias describing basic social science research methodologies in general, until now there has been no comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods specific to communication and media studies. Our entries, authored by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when applied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from the creative development of research topics and questions to literature reviews, selection of best methods (whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) for analyzing research results and publishing research findings, whether in traditional media or via new media outlets. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of theories and methods traditionally used in communication research, other entries discuss important trends influencing the future of that research, including contemporary practical issues students will face in communication professions, the influences of globalization on research, use of new recording technologies in fieldwork, and the challenges and opportunities related to studying online multi-media environments. Email, texting, cellphone video, and blogging are shown not only as topics of research but also as means of collecting and analyzing data. Still other entries delve into considerations of accountability, copyright, confidentiality, data ownership and security, privacy, and other aspects of conducting an ethical research program. Features: 652 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes available in choice of electronic or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of communication research to more easily locate directly related entries. Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field of communication research; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; a Glossary introducing the terminology of the field; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries to guide students further in their research journeys. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Understanding and Using Statistics in Psychology Jeremy Miles, Philip Banyard, 2007-03-21 `There are few people who can write about research methods in a lively and engaging way, but Miles and Banyard are amongst them. As well as being an exceptionally clear introduction to research methods, it is full of amusing asides and anecdotes that make you want to read more. A hugely enjoyable book′ - Dr Andy Field, University of Sussex Understanding and Using Statistics in Psychology takes the fear out of psychological statistics to help students understand why statistics are carried out, how to choose the best test and how to carry out the tests and understand them. Taking a non-technical approach, it encourages the reader to understand why a particular test is being used and what the results mean in the context of a psychological study, focusing on meaning and understanding rather than mindless numerical calculation. Key features include: - A light and accessible style - Descriptions of the most commonly used statistical tests and the principles that underlie them - Real world examples to aid the understanding of why statistics are valuable - Boxes on common errors, tips and quotes - Test yourself questions The perfect introductory resource, Understanding and Using Statistics in Psychology will guide any student new to statistics effortlessly through the process of test selection and analysis. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistical Methods for Psychology David C. Howell, 2013 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR PSYCHOLOGY, 8E, International Edition surveys the statistical techniques commonly used in the behavioral and social sciences, particularly psychology and education. To help students gain a better understanding of the specific statistical hypothesis tests that are covered throughout the text, author David Howell emphasizes conceptual understanding. This Eighth Edition continues to focus students on two key themes that are the cornerstones of this book's success: the importance of looking at the data before beginning a hypothesis test, and the importance of knowing the relationship between the statistical test in use and the theoretical questions being asked by the experiment. New and expanded topics—reflecting the evolving realm of statistical methods—include effect size, meta-analysis, and treatment of missing data. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Research In Psychology C. James Goodwin, 2009-11-02 The sixth edition provides psychologists with insight into the essential nature of experimental psychology and a solid grounding in its methods and practices. It has been updated to help them develop research ideas, hypotheses, and design studies. In addition, they’ll find out how to carry them out, analyze results and draw reasoned conclusions from them. The chapters have also been updated with the important new developments in research methodologies and fascinating examples from recent studies to provide psychologists with the most up-to-date information in the field. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Understanding and Evaluating Research Sue L. T. McGregor, 2017-10-25 Understanding and Evaluating Research: A Critical Guide shows students how to be critical consumers of research and to appreciate the power of methodology as it shapes the research question, the use of theory in the study, the methods used, and how the outcomes are reported. The book starts with what it means to be a critical and uncritical reader of research, followed by a detailed chapter on methodology, and then proceeds to a discussion of each component of a research article as it is informed by the methodology. The book encourages readers to select an article from their discipline, learning along the way how to assess each component of the article and come to a judgment of its rigor or quality as a scholarly report. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology Bernard C. Beins, Maureen A. McCarthy, 2018-12-13 This seamless introduction to statistics and research methods identifies various research areas and analyzes how one approaches them statistically. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Psychological Statistics and Psychometrics Using Stata Scott A. Baldwin, 2019 Psychological statistics and psychometrics using Stata by Scott Baldwin is a complete and concise resource for students and researchers in the behavioral sciences. Professor Baldwin includes dozens of worked examples using real data to illustrate the theory and concepts. This book would be an excellent textbook for a graduate-level course in psychometrics. It is also an ideal reference for psychometricians who are new to Stata. Baldwin's primary goal in this book is to help readers become competent users of statistics. To that end, he first introduces basic statistical methods such as regression, t tests, and ANOVA. He focuses on explaining the models, how they can be used with different types of variables, and how to interpret the results. After building this foundation, Baldwin covers more advanced statistical techniques, including power-and-sample size calculations, multilevel modeling, and structural equation modeling. This book also discusses measurement concepts that are crucial in psychometrics. For instance, Baldwin explores how reliability and validity can be understood and evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Baldwin includes dozens of worked examples using real data to illustrate the theory and concepts. In addition to teaching statistical topics, this book helps readers become proficient Stata users. Baldwin teaches Stata basics ranging from navigating the interface to using features for data management, descriptive statistics, and graphics. He emphasizes the need for reproducibility in data analysis; therefore, he is careful to explain how version control and do-files can be used to ensure that results are reproducible. As each statistical concept is introduced, the corresponding commands for fitting and interpreting models are demonstrated. Beyond this, readers learn how to run simulations in Stata to help them better understand the models they are fitting and other statistical concepts. This book is an excellent textbook for graduate-level courses in psychometrics. It is also an ideal reference for psychometricians and other social scientists who are new to Stata--Publisher's website. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Encyclopedia of Research Design Neil J. Salkind, 2010-06-22 Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. It covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research; it addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences; it provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies; and it uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases.--Publisher's description. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology S Alexander Haslam, Craig McGarty, Tegan Cruwys, Niklas K. Steffens, 2024-04-13 A comprehensive introduction to both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies in Psychology, the book guides readers through every step of the research process and engages with research ethics in Psychology. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences Riccardo Russo, 2004-08-02 Do you find statistics overwhelming and confusing? Have you ever wished for someone to explain the basics in a clear and easy-to-follow style? This accessible textbook gives a step-by-step introduction to all the topics covered in introductory statistics courses for the behavioural sciences, with plenty of examples discussed in depth, based on real psychology experiments utilising the statistical techniques described. Advanced sections are also provided, for those who want to learn a particular topic in more depth. Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences: An Introduction begins with an introduction to the basic concepts, before providing a detailed explanation of basic statistical tests and concepts such as descriptive statistics, probability, the binomial distribution, continuous random variables, the normal distribution, the Chi-Square distribution, the analysis of categorical data, t-tests, correlation and regression. This timely and highly readable text will be invaluable to undergraduate students of psychology, and students of research methods courses in related disciplines, as well as anyone with an interest in the basic concepts and tests associated with statistics in the behavioural sciences. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Multidimensional Nonlinear Descriptive Analysis Shizuhiko Nishisato, 2006-06-26 Quantification of categorical, or non-numerical, data is a problem that scientists face across a wide range of disciplines. Exploring data analysis in various areas of research, such as the social sciences and biology, Multidimensional Nonlinear Descriptive Analysis presents methods for analyzing categorical data that are not necessarily sampled randomly from a normal population and often involve nonlinear relations. This reference not only provides an overview of multidimensional nonlinear descriptive analysis (MUNDA) of discrete data, it also offers new results in a variety of fields. The first part of the book covers conceptual and technical preliminaries needed to understand the data analysis in subsequent chapters. The next two parts contain applications of MUNDA to diverse data types, with each chapter devoted to one type of categorical data, a brief historical comment, and basic skills peculiar to the data types. The final part examines several problems and then concludes with suggestions for future progress. Covering both the early and later years of MUNDA research in the social sciences, psychology, ecology, biology, and statistics, this book provides a framework for potential developments in even more areas of study. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Communication Research Statistics John C. Reinard, 2006-04-20 While most books on statistics seem to be written as though targeting other statistics professors, John Reinard′s Communication Research Statistics is especially impressive because it is clearly intended for the student reader, filled with unusually clear explanations and with illustrations on the use of SPSS. I enjoyed reading this lucid, student-friendly book and expect students will benefit enormously from its content and presentation. Well done! --John C. Pollock, The College of New Jersey Written in an accessible style using straightforward and direct language, Communication Research Statistics guides students through the statistics actually used in most empirical research undertaken in communication studies. This introductory textbook is the only work in communication that includes details on statistical analysis of data with a full set of data analysis instructions based on SPSS 12 and Excel XP. Key Features: Emphasizes basic and introductory statistical thinking: The basic needs of novice researchers and students are addressed, while underscoring the foundational elements of statistical analyses in research. Students learn how statistics are used to provide evidence for research arguments and how to evaluate such evidence for themselves. Prepares students to use statistics: Students are encouraged to use statistics as they encounter and evaluate quantitative research. The book details how statistics can be understood by developing actual skills to carry out rudimentary work. Examples are drawn from mass communication, speech communication, and communication disorders. Incorporates SPSS 12 and Excel: A distinguishing feature is the inclusion of coverage of data analysis by use of SPSS 12 and by Excel. Information on the use of major computer software is designed to let students use such tools immediately. Companion Web Site! A dedicated Web site includes a glossary, data sets, chapter summaries, additional readings, links to other useful sites, selected calculators for computation of related statistics, additional macros for selected statistics using Excel and SPSS, and extra chapters on multiple discriminant analysis and loglinear analysis. Intended Audience: Ideal for undergraduate and graduate courses in Communication Research Statistics or Methods; also relevant for many Research Methods courses across the social sciences |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Schaum's Outline of Statistics in Psychology Larry J. Stephens, 2008-10-31 Schaum's has Satisfied Students for 50 Years. Now Schaum's Biggest Sellers are in New Editions! For half a century, more than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's to help them study faster, learn better, and get top grades. Now Schaum's celebrates its 50th birthday with a brand-new look, a new format with hundreds of practice problems, and completely updated information to conform to the latest developments in every field of study. Schaum's Outlines-Problem Solved Schaum's Outline of Statistics in Psychology helps students to understand basic concepts and offers extra practice on such topics as frequency distributions, central tendency, inferential statistics, probability and samples, z scores, the t-Test, correlations, and nonparametric tests. Coverage will also include the design of experiments and surveys, their execution, and the statistical tasks required to make sense of the date obtained using these techniques. A special section on computer-use for particular statistical tasks has also been included. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Key Concepts in Sport and Exercise Research Methods Michael Atkinson, 2011-11-30 This book systematically demonstrates the significance and application of method in plain language. Written for students by a leading academic, this book contains the core methodological concepts, practices and debates they need to understand and apply research methods within the field of sport and exercise. It provides a comprehensive panoramic introduction which will reassure and empower its readers. Drawing on the author's years of teaching experience, it includes carefully cross-referenced entries which critically engage with interdisciplinary themes and data. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Jacob Cohen, 2013-05-13 Statistical Power Analysis is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. The Second Edition includes: * a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods; * a chapter considering effect size, psychometric reliability, and the efficacy of qualifying dependent variables and; * expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistics for Psychology Roger Watt, Elizabeth Collins, 2019-03-30 This short, concise book will guide the reader to an understanding of the principles behind the myriad of statistical practices they might encounter during their Psychology degree and beyond. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Doing Research in Political Science Paul Pennings, Hans Keman, Jan Kleinnijenhuis, 2006 This is an immensely helpful book for students starting their own research... an excellent introduction to the comparative method giving an authoritative overview over the research process - Klaus Armingeon, University of Bern Doing Research in Political Science is the book for mastering the comparative method in all the social sciences - Jan-Erik Lane, University of Geneva This book has established itself as a concise and well-readable text on comparative methods and statistics in political science I...strongly recommend it. - Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Philipps-University Marburg This thoroughly revised edition of the popular textbook offers an accessible but comprehensive introduction to comparative research methods and statistics for students of political science. Clearly organized around three parts, the text introduces the main theories and methodologies used in the discipline. Part 1 frames the comparative approach within the methodological framework of the political and social sciences. Part 2 introduces basic descriptive and inferential statistical methods as well as more advanced multivariate methods used in quantitative political analysis. Part 3 applies the methods and techniques of Parts 1 & 2 to research questions drawn from contemporary themes and issues in political science. Incorporating practice exercises, ideas for further reading and summary questions throughout, Doing Research in Political Science provides an invaluable step-by-step guide for students and researchers in political science, comparative politics and empirical political analysis. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Teaching Statistics Andrew Gelman, Deborah Nolan, 2002-08-08 Students in the sciences, economics, psychology, social sciences, and medicine take introductory statistics. Statistics is increasingly offered at the high school level as well. However, statistics can be notoriously difficult to teach as it is seen by many students as difficult and boring, if not irrelevant to their subject of choice. To help dispel these misconceptions, Gelman and Nolan have put together this fascinating and thought-provoking book. Based on years of teaching experience the book provides a wealth of demonstrations, examples and projects that involve active student participation. Part I of the book presents a large selection of activities for introductory statistics courses and combines chapters such as, 'First week of class', with exercises to break the ice and get students talking; then 'Descriptive statistics' , collecting and displaying data; then follows the traditional topics - linear regression, data collection, probability and inference. Part II gives tips on what does and what doesn't work in class: how to set up effective demonstrations and examples, how to encourage students to participate in class and work effectively in group projects. A sample course plan is provided. Part III presents material for more advanced courses on topics such as decision theory, Bayesian statistics and sampling. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Interpreting Quantitative Data with SPSS Rachad Antonius, 2003-01-22 This is a textbook for introductory courses in quantitative research methods across the social sciences. It offers a detailed explanation of introductory statistical techniques and presents an overview of the contexts in which they should be applied. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistics for the Terrified John H. Kranzler, Christopher J. Anthony, 2022-07-01 Statistics for the Terrified offers a clear and concise introduction to statistics. Perfect as a brief core or supplementary text for undergraduate courses in statistics and research methods, this seventh edition is also an ideal refresher for graduate students who have already taken a statistics course. Designed for students who may struggle with mathematical concepts, its informal and highly engaging narrative includes self-help strategies, numerous concrete examples, and a great deal of humor to encourage students from all backgrounds with the study of statistics. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Descriptive Statistics Dr. Sandy MacRae, Helen Welford, 2011 |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistical Methods Cheryl Ann Willard, 2020-02-27 Statistical Methods: An Introduction to Basic Statistical Concepts and Analysis, Second Edition is a textbook designed for students with no prior training in statistics. It provides a solid background of the core statistical concepts taught in most introductory statistics textbooks. Mathematical proofs are deemphasized in favor of careful explanations of statistical constructs. The text begins with coverage of descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendency and variability, then moves on to inferential statistics. Transitional chapters on z-scores, probability, and sampling distributions pave the way to understanding the logic of hypothesis testing and the inferential tests that follow. Hypothesis testing is taught through a four-step process. These same four steps are used throughout the text for the other statistical tests presented including t tests, one- and two-way ANOVAs, chi-square, and correlation. A chapter on nonparametric tests is also provided as an alternative when the requirements cannot be met for parametric tests. Because the same logical framework and sequential steps are used throughout the text, a consistency is provided that allows students to gradually master the concepts. Their learning is enhanced further with the inclusion of thought questions and practice problems integrated throughout the chapters. New to the second edition: Chapters on factorial analysis of variance and non-parametric techniques for all data Additional and updated chapter exercises for students to test and demonstrate their learning Full instructor resources: test bank questions, Powerpoint slides, and an Instructor Manual |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Statistical Applications for the Behavioral and Social Sciences K. Paul Nesselroade, Jr., Laurence G. Grimm, 2018-12-06 An updated edition of a classic text on applying statistical analyses to the social sciences, with reviews, new chapters, an expanded set of post-hoc analyses, and information on computing in Excel and SPSS Now in its second edition,Statistical Applications for the Behavioral and Social Sciences has been revised and updated and continues to offer an essential guide to the conceptual foundations of statistical analyses (particularly inferential statistics), placing an emphasis on connecting statistical tools with appropriate research contexts. Designed to be accessible, the text contains an applications-oriented, step-by-step presentation of the statistical theories and formulas most often used by the social sciences. The revised text also includes an entire chapter on the basic concepts in research, presenting an overall context for all the book's statistical theories and formulas. The authors cover descriptive statistics and z scores, the theoretical underpinnings of inferential statistics, z and t tests, power analysis, one/two-way and repeated-measures ANOVA, linear correlation and regression, as well as chi-square and other nonparametric tests. The second edition also includes a new chapter on basic probability theory. This important resource: Contains information regarding the use of statistical software packages; both Excel and SPSS Offers four strategically positioned and accumulating reviews, each containing a set of research-oriented diagnostic questions designed to help students determine which tests are applicable to which research scenarios Incorporates additional statistical information on follow-up analyses such as post-hoc tests and effect sizes Includes a series of sidebar discussions dispersed throughout the text that address, among other topics, the recent and growing controversy regarding the failed reproducibility of published findings in the social sciences Puts renewed emphasis on presentation of data and findings using the APA format Includes supplementary material consisting of a set of kick-start quizzes designed to get students quickly back up to speed at the start of an instructional period, and a complete set of ready-to-use PowerPoint slides for in-class use Written for students in areas such as psychology, sociology, criminology, political science, public health, and others, Statistical Applications for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Second Edition continues to provide the information needed to understand the foundations of statistical analyses as relevant to the behavioral and social sciences. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Research Techniques in Psychology PressGrup Academician Team, ANOVA is an essential statistical technique in psychological research, enabling psychologists to analyze differences across multiple groups while controlling for Type I error. Mastery of ANOVA, including its various types, assumptions, and reporting standards, is vital for quantitative researchers in psychology. By employing robust research designs and adhering to the assumptions underlying ANOVA, researchers can derive meaningful insights into complex psychological phenomena, ultimately contributing to the advancement of psychological science. In summary, proficient use of ANOVA techniques encompassed within a thorough understanding of their methodology will empower researchers to make informed decisions, accurate interpretations, and substantial contributions to the field of psychology. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Basic Statistics for Psychologists Marc Brysbaert, 2019-10-05 Written by an experienced teacher of statistics, the new edition of this accessible yet authoritative textbook covers all areas of undergraduate statistics and provides a firm foundation upon which students can build their own knowledge. Featuring new chapters on Bayesian and multiple regression analysis, this book gives students a working understanding of how to conduct reliable and methodical research using statistics. Brysbaert illustrates the key concepts using examples from psychological research, with clear formulas and explanations for calculations. With helpful chapter-by-chapter guidance for carrying out tests using SPSS, as well as coverage of jamovi and JASP software, this book aims to develop students' confidence in statistical analysis, and to take the fear out of the topic. It offers an easily navigable layout filled with features that help learners to avoid common pitfalls and check their understanding along the way. This engaging and informative guide is essential reading for undergraduate psychology students taking courses in research methods and statistics. New to this Edition: - Chapters on Bayesian analysis, mixed-effects models, and multiple regression analysis - Coverage of jamovi and JASP, two free statistical packages |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators Masami Nishishiba, Matthew Jones, Mariah Kraner, 2013-09-17 Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators: A Practical Guide is a comprehensive, easy-to-read, core text that thoroughly prepares readers to apply research methods and data analysis to the professional environments of public and non-profit administration. The authors expertly incorporate original case examples to demonstrate concepts using “real actors,” facing specific scenarios, in which research methods must be applied. This unique approach—presented in language accessible to both students new to research as well as current practitioners—guides the reader in fully understanding the research options detailed throughout the text. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Using Stata for Quantitative Analysis Kyle C. Longest, 2014-07-02 Using Stata for Quantitative Analysis, Second Edition offers a brief, but thorough introduction to analyzing data with Stata software. It can be used as a reference for any statistics or methods course across the social, behavioral, and health sciences since these fields share a relatively similar approach to quantitative analysis. In this book, author Kyle Longest teaches the language of Stata from an intuitive perspective, furthering students’ overall retention and allowing a student with no experience in statistical software to work with data in a very short amount of time. The self-teaching style of this book enables novice Stata users to complete a basic quantitative research project from start to finish. The Second Edition covers the use of Stata 13 and can be used on its own or as a supplement to a research methods or statistics textbook. |
| descriptive statistics in psychology: Basic SPSS Tutorial Manfred te Grotenhuis, Anneke Matthijssen, 2015-04-15 This supplementary book for the social, behavioral, and health sciences helps readers with no prior knowledge of IBM® SPSS® Statistics, statistics, or mathematics learn the basics of SPSS. Designed to reduce fear and build confidence, the book guides readers through point-and-click sequences using clear examples from real scientific research and invites them to replicate the findings. Relevant outcomes are provided for reference, and exercises at the end of Chapters 2 – 5 provide additional practice. After reading the book and using the program, readers will come away with a basic knowledge of the most commonly used procedures in statistics. |
Descriptive Words: A Huge List of Descriptive Adjectives, Verbs ...
Jan 23, 2025 · Descriptive Words! This page provides a large list of descriptive adjectives and verbs in English. They have been chosen especially for ESL learners. Descriptive Words …
Positive Adjectives: 270 Nice Positive Adjectives from A-Z
Oct 24, 2023 · Positive Words! Following is a list of 100 positive adjectives you can use to describe people & things in English. They have been chosen especially for ESL learners.
Positive Words to Describe a Person: Enhancing Character Traits …
Feb 7, 2025 · When we talk about appearance, we often use a myriad of descriptive terms. We’ve compiled a list of positive words to help you articulate someone’s appearance in a pleasant …
List of 380+ Useful Words to Describe People and Things - ESL …
Jun 24, 2021 · These lists are extremely problematic. Many of the adjectives listed under the "Describe Things" category are MUCH more appropriate for describing people.
A Huge List of 1000+ Adjectives that Start with S - ESL Forums
Jul 16, 2024 · Adjectives that Start with S! In this article, you will learn a list of common adjectives that start with S in English with useful example sentences to help you expand your vocabulary …
MOOD Words: List of 120+ Useful Words to Describe Mood in …
Mar 8, 2023 · MOOD Words! Mood or tone words are words that convey the author’s attitude towards a topic. Following is a list of more than 120 words to describe the mood in English. …
Positive Words that Start with Y to Describe a Person: Boost Your ...
Feb 7, 2025 · When we want to highlight the qualities of someone positively, we often reach for adjectives that are both affirming and descriptive. Here’s a list of positive words starting with …
108 Adjectives that Start with Y - ESL Forums
Jul 16, 2024 · Adjectives that start with Y! In this lesson, you will learn a list of common adjectives starting with Y in English with ESL picture and example sentences. Learning those words will …
560 Cool Adjectives that Start with C - ESL Forums
Jul 16, 2024 · Adjectives that start with C! In this section, you will learn a list of common adjectives that start with c in English with ESL picture and example sentences to help you …
Feeling Words: Useful Words to Describe Feelings and Emotions
Jul 19, 2019 · Feeling Words! This page provides a list of feeling words that commonly used to describe someone's feelings and emotions in English.
Descriptive Words: A Huge List of Descriptive Adjectives, Verbs ...
Jan 23, 2025 · Descriptive Words! This page provides a large list of descriptive adjectives and verbs in English. They have been chosen especially for ESL learners. Descriptive Words …
Positive Adjectives: 270 Nice Positive Adjectives from A-Z
Oct 24, 2023 · Positive Words! Following is a list of 100 positive adjectives you can use to describe people & things in English. They have been chosen especially for ESL learners.
Positive Words to Describe a Person: Enhancing Character Traits …
Feb 7, 2025 · When we talk about appearance, we often use a myriad of descriptive terms. We’ve compiled a list of positive words to help you articulate someone’s appearance in a pleasant …
List of 380+ Useful Words to Describe People and Things - ESL …
Jun 24, 2021 · These lists are extremely problematic. Many of the adjectives listed under the "Describe Things" category are MUCH more appropriate for describing people.
A Huge List of 1000+ Adjectives that Start with S - ESL Forums
Jul 16, 2024 · Adjectives that Start with S! In this article, you will learn a list of common adjectives that start with S in English with useful example sentences to help you expand your vocabulary …
MOOD Words: List of 120+ Useful Words to Describe Mood in …
Mar 8, 2023 · MOOD Words! Mood or tone words are words that convey the author’s attitude towards a topic. Following is a list of more than 120 words to describe the mood in English. …
Positive Words that Start with Y to Describe a Person: Boost Your ...
Feb 7, 2025 · When we want to highlight the qualities of someone positively, we often reach for adjectives that are both affirming and descriptive. Here’s a list of positive words starting with ‘Y’ …
108 Adjectives that Start with Y - ESL Forums
Jul 16, 2024 · Adjectives that start with Y! In this lesson, you will learn a list of common adjectives starting with Y in English with ESL picture and example sentences. Learning those words will …
560 Cool Adjectives that Start with C - ESL Forums
Jul 16, 2024 · Adjectives that start with C! In this section, you will learn a list of common adjectives that start with c in English with ESL picture and example sentences to help you enhance your …
Feeling Words: Useful Words to Describe Feelings and Emotions
Jul 19, 2019 · Feeling Words! This page provides a list of feeling words that commonly used to describe someone's feelings and emotions in English.
