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| ex post cost benefit analysis: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Development Asian Development Bank, 2013-01-01 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been continuously undertaking measures to enhance the effectiveness of its operations. To improve projects both at the preparation and implementation stages, ADB issued the Guidelines for Economic Analysis of Projects in 1997 as a means to enhancing project quality at entry. The conduct of proper economic analysis helps ensure the efficient use of development funds and public resources and thereby increase aid effectiveness. This practical guide is a supplement to the Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of Projects. It provides an overview of recent methodological developments in cost-benefit analysis as well as suggested improvements in the economic analysis of projects in selected sectors through case studies. These case studies illustrate the application of suggested methodologies, taking into account sector-specific needs, as well as difficulties faced by practitioners in terms of data and time constraints during project processing. It also aims to contribute to ADB’s capacity building initiatives as this will be the main reference material for conduct of economic analysis. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Policy and Planning for Large Infrastructure Projects Bent Flyvbjerg, 2005 Abstract: This paper focuses on problems and their causes and cures in policy and planning for large infrastructure projects. First, it identifies as the main problem in major infrastructure development pervasive misinformation about the costs, benefits, and risks involved. A consequence of misinformation is massive cost overruns, benefit shortfalls, and waste. Second, the paper explores the causes of misinformation and finds that political-economic explanations best account for the available evidence: planners and promoters deliberately misrepresent costs, benefits, and risks in order to increase the likelihood that it is their projects, and not the competition's, that gain approval and funding. This results in the survival of the unfittest, where often it is not the best projects that are built, but the most misrepresented ones. Finally, the paper presents measures for reforming policy and planning for large infrastructure projects, with a focus on better planning methods and changed governance structures, the latter being more important.--World Bank web site. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Introduction to Cost–Benefit Analysis Ginés de Rus, 2021-03-26 This thoroughly updated second edition incorporates key ideas and discussions on issues such as wider economic impacts, the treatment of risk, and the importance of institutional arrangements in ensuring the correct use of technique. Ginés de Rus considers whether public decisions, such as investing in high-speed rail links, privatizing a public enterprise or protecting a natural area, may improve social welfare. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Well-Being and Fair Distribution Matthew Adler, 2012 A comprehensive philosophically grounded argument for the use of social welfare functions as a framework for governmental policy analysis. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Economic Evaluation of Sustainable Development Vinod Thomas, Namrata Chindarkar, 2019-04-16 This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book presents methods to evaluate sustainable development using economic tools. The focus on sustainable development takes the reader beyond economic growth to encompass inclusion, environmental stewardship and good governance. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for outcomes. In illustrating the SDGs, the book employs three evaluation approaches: impact evaluation, cost-benefit analysis and objectives-based evaluation. The innovation lies in connecting evaluation tools with economics. Inclusion, environmental care and good governance, thought of as “wicked problems”, are given centre stage. The book uses case studies to show the application of evaluation tools. It offers guidance to evaluation practitioners, students of development and policymakers. The basic message is that evaluation comes to life when its links with socio-economic, environmental, and governance policies are capitalized on. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Cost-Benefit Analysis Richard Layard, Stephen Glaister, 1994-06-30 Covering all the main problems that arise in a typical cost-benefit exercise, this second edition reflects the most recent research in the area. It considers the main theoretical issues, the problem of ascribing a monetary value to things and includes six separate case studies. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment Recent Developments OECD, 2006-01-30 An in-depth assessment of the most recent conceptual and methodological developments in cost-benefit analysis and the environment. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds Kenneth N. Brooks, Peter F. Ffolliott, Joseph A. Magner, 2012-10-01 This new edition is a major revision of the popular introductory reference on hydrology and watershed management principles, methods, and applications. The book's content and scope have been improved and condensed, with updated chapters on the management of forest, woodland, rangeland, agricultural urban, and mixed land use watersheds. Case studies and examples throughout the book show practical ways to use web sites and the Internet to acquire data, update methods and models, and apply the latest technologies to issues of land and water use and climate variability and change. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Theory and Practice in Policy Analysis M. Granger Morgan, 2017-10-12 Many books instruct readers on how to use the tools of policy analysis. This book is different. Its primary focus is on helping readers to look critically at the strengths, limitations, and the underlying assumptions analysts make when they use standard tools or problem framings. Using examples, many of which involve issues in science and technology, the book exposes readers to some of the critical issues of taste, professional responsibility, ethics, and values that are associated with policy analysis and research. Topics covered include policy problems formulated in terms of utility maximization such as benefit-cost, decision, and multi-attribute analysis, issues in the valuation of intangibles, uncertainty in policy analysis, selected topics in risk analysis and communication, limitations and alternatives to the paradigm of utility maximization, issues in behavioral decision theory, issues related to organizations and multiple agents, and selected topics in policy advice and policy analysis for government. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Standard Transport Appraisal Methods , 2020-11-04 Standard Transport Appraisal Methods, Volume 6 in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series, assesses both successful and unsuccessful practices and policies from around the world. Chapters in this new release include Transport models, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Value of Travel Time Savings and reliability, Value of Statistical Life, Wider economic benefits, Multi-criteria analysis, Best-Worst Method, Participatory Value Evaluation, Ex-post evaluation, Sustainability assessment, Evaluating Transport Equity, Environmental Impact Assessment, Decision-Support Systems, Deliberative appraisal methods, Critique on appraisal methods, Appraisal methods in developing countries, Research agenda for appraisal methods, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy Matthew D. Adler, Marc Fleurbaey, 2016-04-21 What are the methodologies for assessing and improving governmental policy in light of well-being? The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary treatment of this topic. The contributors draw from welfare economics, moral philosophy, and psychology and are leading scholars in these fields. The Handbook includes thirty chapters divided into four Parts. Part I covers the full range of methodologies for evaluating governmental policy and assessing societal condition-including both the leading approaches in current use by policymakers and academics (such as GDP, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, inequality and poverty metrics, and the concept of the social welfare function), and emerging techniques. Part II focuses on the nature of well-being. What, most fundamentally, determines whether an individual life is better or worse for the person living it? Her happiness? Her preference-satisfaction? Her attainment of various objective goods? Part III addresses the measurement of well-being and the thorny topic of interpersonal comparisons. How can we construct a meaningful scale of individual welfare, which allows for comparisons of well-being levels and differences, both within one individual's life, and across lives? Finally, Part IV reviews the major challenges to designing governmental policy around individual well-being. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Economic Analysis of Investment Operations Pedro Belli, 2001-01-01 This books presents general principles and methodologies of quantitative risk analysis; provides theory and practice of how to evaluate health, transport and education projects and describes how to assess the environmental impact of projects. It looks at how the tools of cost benefit analysis can be applied from the point of view of the private sector, public sector, bankers, and the country as a whole. It encourages analysts to answer a number of key questions that are likely to increase success rather than simply describing techniques. This book as aimed at all concerned with resource allocation and is presented in an accessible fashion. It is required reading at World bank Institute courses. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Health System Efficiency Jonathan Cylus, Irene Papanicolas, Peter C. Smith, 2016-12-15 In this book the authors explore the state of the art on efficiency measurement in health systems and international experts offer insights into the pitfalls and potential associated with various measurement techniques. The authors show that: - The core idea of efficiency is easy to understand in principle - maximizing valued outputs relative to inputs, but is often difficult to make operational in real-life situations - There have been numerous advances in data collection and availability, as well as innovative methodological approaches that give valuable insights into how efficiently health care is delivered - Our simple analytical framework can facilitate the development and interpretation of efficiency indicators. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Cost-Benefit Analysis Anthony E. Boardman, David H. Greenberg, Aidan R. Vining, David L. Weimer, 2017-12-14 The fourth edition of Cost-Benefit Analysis is an authoritative, market-leading textbook that provides a practical introduction to cost-benefit analysis through problem solving. The text uses a consistent application of a nine-step framework for interpreting a cost-benefit analysis. This edition has been fully revised, updated and re-organized to provide the material more effectively. It presents application over abstract theory and clear discussion over mathematics to appeal to a larger, more diverse audience. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Decision-making on Mega-projects Hugo Priemus, Bent Flyvbjerg, Bert van Wee, 2008-01-01 It will be useful for those experienced and senior professionals who are charged with authorizing and controlling projects. Recommended. P.F. Rad, Choice Building on the seminal work of Bent Flyvbjerg, this book is a collection of expert contributions that will prove essential to anyone wanting to understand why mega-projects go wrong and how they can be made to work better. Professor Sir Peter Hall, University College London, UK This book offers a refreshing and fascinating look at mega-projects from the perspective of public evaluation and planning. With the changing role of the public sector in planning and implementing large-scale projects and a subsequent strong emergence of private public modes of operation, mega-projects have become a problematic phenomenon. This volume is a major source of information and reference. It provides the reader with unique insights and caveats in mega-projects planning. Peter Nijkamp, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands This book enlarges the understanding of decision-making on mega-projects and suggest recommendations for a more effective, efficient and democratic approach. Authors from different scientific disciplines address various aspects of the decision-making process, such as management characteristics and cost benefit analysis, planning and innovation and competition and institutions. The subject matter is highly diverse, but certain questions remain at the forefront. For example, how do we deal with protracted preparation processes, how do we tackle risks and uncertainties, and how can we best divide the risks and responsibilities among the private and public players throughout the different phases of the project? Presenting a state-of-the-art overview, based on experiences and visions of authors from Europe and North America, this unique book will be of interest to practitioners of large-scale project management, politicians, public officials and private organisations involved in mega-project decision-making. It will also appeal to researchers, consultants and students dealing with substantial engineering projects, complex systems, project management and transport infrastructure. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: The Cost-Benefit Revolution Cass R. Sunstein, 2019-09-24 Why policies should be based on careful consideration of their costs and benefits rather than on intuition, popular opinion, interest groups, and anecdotes. Opinions on government policies vary widely. Some people feel passionately about the child obesity epidemic and support government regulation of sugary drinks. Others argue that people should be able to eat and drink whatever they like. Some people are alarmed about climate change and favor aggressive government intervention. Others don't feel the need for any sort of climate regulation. In The Cost-Benefit Revolution, Cass Sunstein argues our major disagreements really involve facts, not values. It follows that government policy should not be based on public opinion, intuitions, or pressure from interest groups, but on numbers—meaning careful consideration of costs and benefits. Will a policy save one life, or one thousand lives? Will it impose costs on consumers, and if so, will the costs be high or negligible? Will it hurt workers and small businesses, and, if so, precisely how much? As the Obama administration's “regulatory czar,” Sunstein knows his subject in both theory and practice. Drawing on behavioral economics and his well-known emphasis on “nudging,” he celebrates the cost-benefit revolution in policy making, tracing its defining moments in the Reagan, Clinton, and Obama administrations (and pondering its uncertain future in the Trump administration). He acknowledges that public officials often lack information about costs and benefits, and outlines state-of-the-art techniques for acquiring that information. Policies should make people's lives better. Quantitative cost-benefit analysis, Sunstein argues, is the best available method for making this happen—even if, in the future, new measures of human well-being, also explored in this book, may be better still. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Investment Decisions Chun-Yan Kuo, Arnold Harberger, Glenn Jenkins, 2019-01-22 This is textbook for university students and a manual for professionals. It gives an in-depth treatment of the theory and application of Cost-Benefit Analysis, using an integrated approach where the financial, economic, stakeholder and risk analyses are carried out in a single integrated project model. Fully developed case examples are presented for both public and public private partnership investment expenditures. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Behavioral Economics for Cost-Benefit Analysis David L. Weimer, 2017-09-14 Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction; 2. Neoclassical valuation principles for CBA; 3. Possible behavioral frameworks for CBA; 4. Risk perception and expected utility deviations; 5. Large deviations between WTP and WTA; 6. Non-exponential time discounting; 7. Harmful addictive consumption; 8. Practical guidelines for valuation |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Mental Health Economics Denise Razzouk, 2017-08-26 The main objective of this work is to provide a book with high quality content that becomes a reference and support for graduate course (Mental Health, Public Health and Epidemiology) and for research in the domain of health economics applied to mental health. Also this book might be useful for policymakers on formulating mental health policies. Key messages of this book are based on: a) mental illness represent a huge cost for society and for health care; b) health economics applied to mental health could help in the optimization of resource allocation for mental health care and for better decision making in terms of balancing costs and benefits; c) interventions and treatment should be also chosen in general medical practice and in public decision-policy according to cost-effectiveness, burden of disease and equity principles; d) quality of care is related with better outcomes, higher quality of life for clients, and with lower costs for society and health system (best value for money); e) it is possible to decrease the burden of mental disorders with cost-effective treatments. The book is divided in four main topics: 1. Introduction to Health Economics applied to Mental Health – this section is an overview of basic principles, concepts and methods used in Economics and Health Economics to enable students to make critical appraisal of Health Economics texts and also to design research studies in this topic. 2. Health Economics applied to the evaluation of quality and costs of Mental Health Services – this section presents results of Brazilian studies on the costs of mental health care (hospital, outpatient care, residential care, informal care), methods on the measurement of costs and it discusses issues related with public policies decisions and quality of mental health car in the low and middle income countries context. There is also an overview of quality indicators of mental health care and instruments to evaluate mental health services and costs.3. Health Economics applied to evaluate treatment of mental disorders - This section presents a review of cost-effectiveness of pharmacological treatments and other interventions applied for treating the most burdensome mental disorders such as depressive and anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, psychosis, alcohol and drug disorders, dementia, and hyper attention deficit disorders. 4. Health Economics, burden and indirect costs of mental disorders - This section highlights the social and economic burden caused by mental illness under societal perspective focusing on stigma, unemployment, indirect costs in the workplace (absenteeism and presenteeism), the relationship between poverty and mental disorders, global health and social determinants of mental health and on the costs of mental disorders (depression, anxiety, psychosis, alcohol and drug disorders). We present some instruments to measure indirect costs of mental disorders. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Applied Welfare Economics Massimo Florio, Chiara Pancotti, 2022-08-30 Applied Welfare Economics: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Project and Policy Evaluation presents a consistent framework for applied welfare economics and is grounded in a comprehensive theory of cost-benefit analysis, specifically focused on offering a practical approach to policy and project evaluation. After opening with a theoretical discussion of the concept of social welfare, a critical analysis of the traditional doctrine of welfare economics embodied in the Two Fundamental Theorems, and a presentation of social cost-benefit analysis, the book introduces readers to an applied framework. This includes the empirical estimation of shadow prices of goods, the social cost of labour and capital, and the assessment of risk. The book also examines real-life experiences with cost-benefit analysis, including ex-post evaluation of major projects, economic rates of return in different sectors, and a case study on privatisation. These chapters draw on first-hand research gained by the author team from years of advisory work for the European Commission and other international and national institutions. This second edition presents updated data, more international examples, and more coverage of topics such as very long run discounting effects and climate change as an intergenerational effect. It also includes more practical examples and end-of-chapter questions to aid student’s learning. Applied Welfare Economics is a valuable textbook for upper-level courses on welfare economics, cost-benefit analysis, public policy analysis and related areas. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab, 2017-01-03 World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Fifty Years of Economic Measurement Ernst R. Berndt, Jack E. Triplett, 2008-04-15 This volume contains papers presented at a conference in May 1988 in Washington, D.C., commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth (CRIW). The call for papers emphasized assessments of broad topics in economic measurement, both conceptual and pragmatic. The organizers desired (and succeeded in obtaining) a mix of papers that, first, illustrate the range of measurement issues that economics as a science must confront and, second, mark major milestones of CRIW accomplishment. The papers concern prices and output (Griliches, Pieper, Triplett) and also the major productive inputs, capital (Hulten) and labor (Hamermesh). Measures of saving, the source of capital accumulation, are covered in one paper (Boskin); measuring productivity, the source of much of the growth in per capita income, is reviewed in another (Jorgenson). The use of economic data in economic policy analysis and in regulation are illustrated in a review of measures of tax burden (Atrostic and Nunns) and in an analysis of the data needed for environmental regulation (Russell and Smith); the adequacy of data for policy analysis is evaluated in a roundtable discussion (chapter 12) involving four distinguished policy analysts with extensive government experience in Washington and Ottawa. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Economic Analysis and Infrastructure Investment Edward L. Glaeser, James M. Poterba, 2021-11-11 Policy-makers often call for expanding public spending on infrastructure, which includes a broad range of investments from roads and bridges to digital networks that will expand access to high-speed broadband. Some point to near-term macro-economic benefits and job creation, others focus on long-term effects on productivity and economic growth. This volume explores the links between infrastructure spending and economic outcomes, as well as key economic issues in the funding and management of infrastructure projects. It draws together research studies that describe the short-run stimulus effects of infrastructure spending, develop new estimates of the stock of U.S. infrastructure capital, and explore the incentive aspects of public-private partnerships (PPPs). A salient issue is the treatment of risk in evaluating publicly-funded infrastructure projects and in connection with PPPs. The goal of the volume is to provide a reference for researchers seeking to expand research on infrastructure issues, and for policy-makers tasked with determining the appropriate level of infrastructure spending-- |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: The Theory of Cost-benefit Analysis Jean Drèze, 1985 |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Economic Analysis Primer , 2003 This primer provides a foundation for understanding the role of economic analysis in highway decision making. It is oriented toward state and local officials who have responsibility for assuring that limited resources get targeted to their best uses and who must publicly account for their decisions. Economic analysis is presented as an integral component of a comprehensive infrastructure management methodology that takes a long-term view of infrastructure performance and cost. The primer encompasses a full range of economic issues, including economic fundamentals, life-cycle cost analysis, benefit-cost analysis, forecasting traffic for benefit calculations, risk analysis and economic impact analysis. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Valuing Environmental Goods Ronald G. Cummings, David S. Brookshire, William D. Schulze, 1986 To find more information about Rowman and Littlefield titles, please visit www.rowmanlittlefield.com. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Oldman River Dam Oldman River Dam Environmental Assessment Panel (Canada), Canada. Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office, 1992 This environmental assessment review of the Oldman River Dam was undertaken between November 1990 and April 1992 by a six-member panel appointed under the federal Environmental and Assessment Review Process. The panel evaluated and made recommendations on the design and safety of the proposed dam, the significance of potential environmental and socio-economic effects of the dam and its operation, and options for mitigating these effects. This report describes the project review and its perspective; gives the overall project findings, conclusions, and major recommendations; and details the issues involved. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Measurement Error Models Wayne A. Fuller, 2009-09-25 The Wiley-Interscience Paperback Series consists of selected books that have been made more accessible to consumers in an effort to increase global appeal and general circulation. With these new unabridged softcover volumes, Wiley hopes to extend the lives of these works by making them available to future generations of statisticians, mathematicians, and scientists. The effort of Professor Fuller is commendable . . . [the book] provides a complete treatment of an important and frequently ignored topic. Those who work with measurement error models will find it valuable. It is the fundamental book on the subject, and statisticians will benefit from adding this book to their collection or to university or departmental libraries. -Biometrics Given the large and diverse literature on measurement error/errors-in-variables problems, Fuller's book is most welcome. Anyone with an interest in the subject should certainly have this book. -Journal of the American Statistical Association The author is to be commended for providing a complete presentation of a very important topic. Statisticians working with measurement error problems will benefit from adding this book to their collection. -Technometrics . . . this book is a remarkable achievement and the product of impressive top-grade scholarly work. -Journal of Applied Econometrics Measurement Error Models offers coverage of estimation for situations where the model variables are observed subject to measurement error. Regression models are included with errors in the variables, latent variable models, and factor models. Results from several areas of application are discussed, including recent results for nonlinear models and for models with unequal variances. The estimation of true values for the fixed model, prediction of true values under the random model, model checks, and the analysis of residuals are addressed, and in addition, procedures are illustrated with data drawn from nearly twenty real data sets. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of Projects Asian Development Bank, 2017-03-01 Project economic analysis is a tool used by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to ensure that ADB operations comply with its Charter. The guidelines in this publication are a revised version of the 1997 edition. The revision responds to the changing development context and ADB operational priorities, and aims to address the recommendations of the ADB Quality-at-Entry Assessments for more methodological work on project economic analysis. The revised guidelines provide general principles for the conduct of project economic analysis, and should be read together with handbooks, technical reports, and other reference materials published by ADB dealing with sector-specific project economic analysis in detail. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Cost-Benefit Analysis and Public Policy David Weimer, 2009-04-22 This volume seeks to facilitate such exposure by drawing together into a convenient collection the fine articles on CBA and its application that have appeared in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (JPAM). |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Priceless Frank Ackerman, 2010-10 As clinical as it sounds to express the value of human lives, health, or the environment in cold dollars and cents, cost-benefit analysis requires it. More disturbingly, this approach is being embraced by a growing number of politicians and conservative pundits as the most reasonable way to make many policy decisions regarding public health and the environment. By systematically refuting the economic algorithms and illogical assumptions that cost-benefit analysts flaunt as fact, Priceless tells a ''gripping story about how solid science has been shoved to the backburner by bean counters with ideological blinders'' (In These Times). Ackerman and Heinzerling argue that decisions about health and safety should be made ''to reflect not economists' numbers, but democratic values, chosen on moral grounds. This is a vividly written book, punctuated by striking analogies, a good deal of outrage, and a nice dose of humor'' (Cass Sunstein, The New Republic). Essential reading for anyone concerned with the future of human health and environmental protection, Priceless ''shines a bright light on obstacles that stand in the way of good government decisions''. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: The Politics of Deregulation Martha Derthick, Paul J. Quirk, 1985 The authors discuss deregulation in contemporary politics and government. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Accra Agenda for Action OECD, 2008-09-04 Designed to strengthen and deepen implementation of the Paris Declaration, the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) takes stock of progress and sets the agenda for accelerated advancement towards improving the quality and impact of aid. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: State of The Global Workplace Gallup, 2017-12-19 Only 15% of employees worldwide are engaged at work. This represents a major barrier to productivity for organizations everywhere – and suggests a staggering waste of human potential. Why is this engagement number so low? There are many reasons — but resistance to rapid change is a big one, Gallup’s research and experience have discovered. In particular, organizations have been slow to adapt to breakneck changes produced by information technology, globalization of markets for products and labor, the rise of the gig economy, and younger workers’ unique demands. Gallup’s 2017 State of the Global Workplace offers analytics and advice for organizational leaders in countries and regions around the globe who are trying to manage amid this rapid change. Grounded in decades of Gallup research and consulting worldwide -- and millions of interviews -- the report advises that leaders improve productivity by becoming far more employee-centered; build strengths-based organizations to unleash workers’ potential; and hire great managers to implement the positive change their organizations need not only to survive – but to thrive. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Sustainability Economics Giles Atkinson, Samuel Fankhauser, 2019 The unprecedented advances in economic development witnessed over the past decades cannot continue if economic progress comes at the expense of the natural environment. The Sustainable Development Goals, agreed globally in 2015, define a vision of human development where economic, social and environmental domains interact to shape the prospects for future prosperity. This timely collection highlights the contribution of economics to the study of sustainable development. It brings together in one volume some of the most influential articles on the topic by economists over the past fifty years. Environmental sustainability, an inherently interdisciplinary topic, is analysed from the perspectives of applied microeconomics, environmental and resource economics, ecological economics, development economics and public economics. Together with an original introduction by the editors, this volume is indispensable for anyone interested or working in the field. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: New Methods, Reflections and Application Domains in Transport Appraisal , 2021-04-10 New Methods, Reflections and Application Domains in Transport Appraisal, Volume 7 in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series, assesses both successful and unsuccessful practices and policies from around the world. Chapters in this new release include Evaluating transport equity, Participatory Value Evaluation, Sustainability assessment of transport policies, plans and projects, Deliberative appraisal methods, Appraisal methods of public transport projects, Appraisal of cycling and pedestrian projects, Appraisal of Freight Project, Project appraisal methods: tools for optimizing or for informed political debate?, and Research agenda for appraisal methods. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth Charlie Karlsson, Daniel Silander, Brigitte Pircher, 2019 This study explores the Europe 2020 strategy and the role of European political entrepreneurship in debating, shaping and implementing this strategy within the EU. The book sets out to explore the content, conditions and consequences of Europe 2020 by analysing the plan for a future prosperous EU economy. The main focus is on European political entrepreneurship and how the strategy has been debated and decided on, and then implemented from a governance perspective with multiple European actors. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: An Introduction to Evaluation Chris Fox, Robert Grimm, Rute Caldeira, 2016-10-18 Both practical and theoretical in approach, this book is the perfect companion for student researchers and policy makers alike. It provides actionable advice for planning and implementing evaluations, while also instilling an ability to assess the evaluations of others and consider the ways in which evaluation evidence could influence policy and practice. Drawing upon a wide range of examples from policy areas like education, criminal justice, and health and social care, this book showcases how evaluation is an interdisciplinary research practice with a spectrum of applications. Each chapter contains philosophical underpinnings and applied knowledge as well as examples from published evaluations. Specific topics include how to: Choose an approach to evaluation Plan, design, and conduct evaluations Approach evaluations using theories of change Differentiate between process, impact, and economic evaluations Understand the role of quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection Use systematic reviews and other tools to assess and disseminate evaluation findings From getting started in the field to turning evidence into policy, this book will guide you through every step of the evaluation process. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Applied Welfare Economics Massimo Florio, 2014-02-05 What is the effect of a new infrastructure on the well-being of a local community? Is a tax reform desirable? Does the privatization of a telecommunication provider increase social welfare? To answer these questions governments and their policy advisors should have in mind an operative definition of social welfare, and cannot rely on simple official statistics, such as GDP. The price we observe are often misleading as welfare signals, and costs and benefits for the society should be based on ‘shadow prices’, revealing the social opportunity costs of goods and of changes of the world. This book explains how to apply these welfare economics ideas to the real world. After a theoretical discussion of the concept of social welfare, a critical analysis of the traditional doctrine of welfare economics embodied in the Two Fundamental Theorems, and a presentation of social cost-benefit analysis, the book introduce the readers to an applied framework. This includes the empirical estimation of shadow prices of goods, of the social cost of labour and capital, the assessment of risk. This book also includes the state of the art of international experience with CBA, including ex-post evaluation of major projects, economic rates of return in different sectors, and a case study on privatisation, is presented. This book offers a unique and original blend of theory, empirics and experience. The theoretical discussion clarifies why shadow prices are not virtual market equilibrium prices, as they arise as the solution of a planning problem, often with governments and economic agents constrained in their information and powers. The empirical chapters show how to compute proxies of the shadow prices in simple ways. The experience chapters draw from first hand research, gained by the Author and his collaborators over many years of advisory work for the European Commission and other international and national institutions. |
| ex post cost benefit analysis: Multilateral Banks and the Development Process Vinod Thomas, 2017-07-05 A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. When the links in the chain represent development projects, if individual projects fail to achieve their purpose, the development program's effectiveness is compromised. When the chain's links are strong and well-connected, the results are improved for the sector, country, and region. The role of multilateral banks is crucial; they inform the impact of development operations and support policymakers in decision making. This volume emphasizes that some crucial links in development tend to be systematically overlooked. In these matters, preoccupation with the immediate exigencies seems to come at the expense of attention to enduring problems-at a great cost to society. Development practitioners should apply policies that have produced results over time, ensuring that the links in the chain are strong, but too often they overlook those links-because of myopia, complexity, tradition, or special interests. This book will help policy makers and practitioners focus on the links that measure progress, apply lessons, and matter for lasting results. |
What is the origin of "ex"? - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
Dec 22, 2015 · Origin of ex-ex-is a word-forming element, which in English simply means "former" in this case, or mainly "out of, from," but also "upwards, completely, deprive of, without. It most likely originated in Latin, …
abbreviations - What's the difference between "e.g." and "ex ...
Mar 13, 2011 · "Ex." is not very common, but it may be used to refer to a cited example, eg "See ex. 3". "E.g." is much more common, and is used to introduce an example, or series of examples. In speech, it is usually replaced …
Why use "ex post facto" when "post facto" means the same thing?
Oct 4, 2015 · Being a Latin locution, it must be used as such, ex means from: Ex post facto: from or by subsequent action; subsequently; retrospectively; retroactively. Word Origin: from Latin ex (from); + post (afterwards) + …
Is there an equivalent to "née" (birth name) for an *ex*-spousal name?
May 31, 2016 · EX. is also interesting because . 1) Someone's ex is the person they used to be married to or used to have a romantic or sexual relationship with. and. 2) ex- as a prefix is added to nouns to show that someone or …
Is there a rule for the correct pronunciation of words starting wi…
Jan 12, 2012 · If the syllable ex-is stressed or if what follows is a voiceless consonant, it is pronounced /-ks-/; otherwise, it is /-gz-/. A voiceless consonant is one that does not involve vibration of the larynx, where the the …
What is the origin of "ex"? - English Language & Usage Stack …
Dec 22, 2015 · Origin of ex-ex-is a word-forming element, which in English simply means "former" in this case, or mainly "out of, from," but also "upwards, completely, deprive of, without. It most …
abbreviations - What's the difference between "e.g." and "ex ...
Mar 13, 2011 · "Ex." is not very common, but it may be used to refer to a cited example, eg "See ex. 3". "E.g." is much more common, and is used to introduce an example, or series of …
Why use "ex post facto" when "post facto" means the same thing?
Oct 4, 2015 · Being a Latin locution, it must be used as such, ex means from: Ex post facto: from or by subsequent action; subsequently; retrospectively; retroactively. Word Origin: from Latin …
Is there an equivalent to "née" (birth name) for an *ex*-spousal …
May 31, 2016 · EX. is also interesting because . 1) Someone's ex is the person they used to be married to or used to have a romantic or sexual relationship with. and. 2) ex- as a prefix is …
Is there a rule for the correct pronunciation of words starting with …
Jan 12, 2012 · If the syllable ex-is stressed or if what follows is a voiceless consonant, it is pronounced /-ks-/; otherwise, it is /-gz-/. A voiceless consonant is one that does not involve …
Is there a single word for someone who left the company that …
May 16, 2018 · The person could be called the resignee.A person who resigns from a position or job. It meets your requirement of not being "overly negative" and could indeed be thought to …
etymology - Why "e.g." and not "f.e."? Why "i.e." and not "t.i ...
Feb 18, 2014 · Actually Jon answer says only slightly more than this answer. The information it adds is that 1) Latin was used by educated people in all Europe (although linked by this …
Do you capitalize both parts of a hyphenated word in a title?
Given the huge difference between how likely people are to capitalise the second component in Ex-wife compared to Co-Founder, I think choose a rule and be consistent with it is terrible …
What is the correct phrase for ex-in-laws when divorced?
Mar 10, 2014 · To reduce any awkward moment I would introduce my ex in-laws as this " ...introduce you to John and Hazel Smith, they are my ex-husband Todd's parents", which …
Is there a proper term for an ex-friend? - English Language
Aug 13, 2015 · You could say. frenemy. friend-no-more. friend-at-the-time. enemy-to-become. He who shall remain nameless. Hugo the Treacherous (or whatever the person's name is)
