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| example of retrieval in psychology: Powerful Teaching Pooja K. Agarwal, Patrice M. Bain, 2024-11-13 Unleash powerful teaching and the science of learning in your classroom Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning empowers educators to harness rigorous research on how students learn and unleash it in their classrooms. In this book, cognitive scientist Pooja K. Agarwal, Ph.D., and veteran K–12 teacher Patrice M. Bain, Ed.S., decipher cognitive science research and illustrate ways to successfully apply the science of learning in classrooms settings. This practical resource is filled with evidence-based strategies that are easily implemented in less than a minute—without additional prepping, grading, or funding! Research demonstrates that these powerful strategies raise student achievement by a letter grade or more; boost learning for diverse students, grade levels, and subject areas; and enhance students’ higher order learning and transfer of knowledge beyond the classroom. Drawing on a fifteen-year scientist-teacher collaboration, more than 100 years of research on learning, and rich experiences from educators in K–12 and higher education, the authors present highly accessible step-by-step guidance on how to transform teaching with four essential strategies: Retrieval practice, spacing, interleaving, and feedback-driven metacognition. With Powerful Teaching, you will: Develop a deep understanding of powerful teaching strategies based on the science of learning Gain insight from real-world examples of how evidence-based strategies are being implemented in a variety of academic settings Think critically about your current teaching practices from a research-based perspective Develop tools to share the science of learning with students and parents, ensuring success inside and outside the classroom Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning is an indispensable resource for educators who want to take their instruction to the next level. Equipped with scientific knowledge and evidence-based tools, turn your teaching into powerful teaching and unleash student learning in your classroom. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: The Seven Sins of Memory Daniel L. Schacter, 2002-05-07 A New York Times Notable Book: A psychologist’s “gripping and thought-provoking” look at how and why our brains sometimes fail us (Steven Pinker, author of How the Mind Works). In this intriguing study, Harvard psychologist Daniel L. Schacter explores the memory miscues that occur in everyday life, placing them into seven categories: absent-mindedness, transience, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. Illustrating these concepts with vivid examples—case studies, literary excerpts, experimental evidence, and accounts of highly visible news events such as the O. J. Simpson verdict, Bill Clinton’s grand jury testimony, and the search for the Oklahoma City bomber—he also delves into striking new scientific research, giving us a glimpse of the fascinating neurology of memory and offering “insight into common malfunctions of the mind” (USA Today). “Though memory failure can amount to little more than a mild annoyance, the consequences of misattribution in eyewitness testimony can be devastating, as can the consequences of suggestibility among pre-school children and among adults with ‘false memory syndrome’ . . . Drawing upon recent neuroimaging research that allows a glimpse of the brain as it learns and remembers, Schacter guides his readers on a fascinating journey of the human mind.” —Library Journal “Clear, entertaining and provocative . . . Encourages a new appreciation of the complexity and fragility of memory.” —The Seattle Times “Should be required reading for police, lawyers, psychologists, and anyone else who wants to understand how memory can go terribly wrong.” —The Atlanta Journal-Constitution “A fascinating journey through paths of memory, its open avenues and blind alleys . . . Lucid, engaging, and enjoyable.” —Jerome Groopman, MD “Compelling in its science and its probing examination of everyday life, The Seven Sins of Memory is also a delightful book, lively and clear.” —Chicago Tribune Winner of the William James Book Award |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Make It Stick Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel, 2014-04-14 To most of us, learning something the hard way implies wasted time and effort. Good teaching, we believe, should be creatively tailored to the different learning styles of students and should use strategies that make learning easier. Make It Stick turns fashionable ideas like these on their head. Drawing on recent discoveries in cognitive psychology and other disciplines, the authors offer concrete techniques for becoming more productive learners. Memory plays a central role in our ability to carry out complex cognitive tasks, such as applying knowledge to problems never before encountered and drawing inferences from facts already known. New insights into how memory is encoded, consolidated, and later retrieved have led to a better understanding of how we learn. Grappling with the impediments that make learning challenging leads both to more complex mastery and better retention of what was learned. Many common study habits and practice routines turn out to be counterproductive. Underlining and highlighting, rereading, cramming, and single-minded repetition of new skills create the illusion of mastery, but gains fade quickly. More complex and durable learning come from self-testing, introducing certain difficulties in practice, waiting to re-study new material until a little forgetting has set in, and interleaving the practice of one skill or topic with another. Speaking most urgently to students, teachers, trainers, and athletes, Make It Stick will appeal to all those interested in the challenge of lifelong learning and self-improvement. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Life-Span Maintenance of Knowledge Harry P. Bahrick, Lynda K. Hall, Melinda K. Baker, 2013-06-07 This volume describes how well we maintain the knowledge we acquire throughout life. Research traditionally focuses on memory for events that are retained over short time periods that can be accommodated in experiments. This book, by contrast, uniquely describes the evolution of methods suitable for investigating memory of complex knowledge acquired over several years and retained during the entire life-span. The methods substitute statistical for experimental controls, and the investigations involve several hundred participants whose memory is tested up to 50 years after they acquired the knowledge in question. The book covers educational content, such as mathematics and foreign languages; knowledge acquired incidentally, such as the streets and buildings of the cities in which we live; and knowledge acquired through the media. Previously unpublished research on age-related access to knowledge is included. The analyses are based on the accessibility/availability ratio, a metric presented for the first time. This metric allows comparisons of the portion of available knowledge that can be recalled as a function of age, education and other individual differences, and as a function of the domain of knowledge in question. The ratio can be used to evaluate methods of instruction and methods of studying. It can also be used to evaluate memory development and to diagnose memory pathology. The volume will be of interest to researchers in human memory, developmental psychologists, gerontologists in academic and applied settings, and educators. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Retrieval Practice Kate Jones, 2021-01-20 retrieval practice is a low effort, high impact strategy - very worthwhile for teachers to know about. This book explains it in simple terms |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Introduction to Psychology Jennifer Walinga, Charles Stangor, This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Computational and Mathematical Psychology Jerome R. Busemeyer, 2015 This Oxford Handbook offers a comprehensive and authoritative review of important developments in computational and mathematical psychology. With chapters written by leading scientists across a variety of subdisciplines, it examines the field's influence on related research areas such as cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, and neuroscience. The Handbook emphasizes examples and applications of the latest research, and will appeal to readers possessing various levels of modeling experience. The Oxford Handbook of Computational and mathematical Psychology covers the key developments in elementary cognitive mechanisms (signal detection, information processing, reinforcement learning), basic cognitive skills (perceptual judgment, categorization, episodic memory), higher-level cognition (Bayesian cognition, decision making, semantic memory, shape perception), modeling tools (Bayesian estimation and other new model comparison methods), and emerging new directions in computation and mathematical psychology (neurocognitive modeling, applications to clinical psychology, quantum cognition). The Handbook would make an ideal graduate-level textbook for courses in computational and mathematical psychology. Readers ranging from advanced undergraduates to experienced faculty members and researchers in virtually any area of psychology--including cognitive science and related social and behavioral sciences such as consumer behavior and communication--will find the text useful. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: The Foundations of Remembering James S. Nairne, 2011-12-06 The Foundations of Remembering presents a collection of essays written by top memory scholars in honor of Henry L. Roediger III. The chapters were originally delivered as part of the Roddyfest conference held in March 2005 to celebrate Purdue University's awarding of an honorary doctor of letters to Roediger in recognition of his many contributions to the field of psychology. Authors were given a simple charge: choose your own topic, but place your work in historical context. Roediger is fascinated by the intellectual lineage of ideas, so addressing historical foundations seemed a fitting tribute. The Chapters contained in this volume help to establish the foundations of remembering, circa the first decade of the 21st century, as perceived by some of the leading memory researchers in the world. Not surprisingly, each of the chapters touches on Roediger's research as well, largely because his work has helped to define and clarify many topics of interest to the memory field. The Foundations of Remembering is intended for a wide audience: students, scholars, and anyone interested in exploring the historical and conceptual roots of modern memory theory. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Discovering the Brain National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, Sandra Ackerman, 1992-01-01 The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the Decade of the Brain by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a field guide to the brainâ€an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€and how a gut feeling actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the Decade of the Brain, with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€and many scientists as wellâ€with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the Decade of the Brain. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Memory Endel Tulving, Fergus I. M. Craik, 2005-05-05 The strengths and weaknesses of human memory have fascinated people for hundreds of years, so it is not surprising that memory research has remained one of the most flourishing areas in science. During the last decade, however, a genuine science of memory has emerged, resulting in research and theories that are rich, complex, and far reaching in their implications. Endel Tulving and Fergus Craik, both leaders in memory research, have created this highly accessible guide to their field. In each chapter, eminent researchers provide insights into their particular areas of expertise in memory research. Together, the chapters in this handbook lay out the theories and presents the evidence on which they are based, highlights the important new discoveries, and defines their consequences for professionals and students in psychology, neuroscience, clinical medicine, law, and engineering. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology Jeffrey Kreutzer, Bruce Caplan, John DeLuca, 2010-09-29 Clinical neuropsychology is a rapidly evolving specialty whose practitioners serve patients with traumatic brain injury, stroke and other vascular impairments, brain tumors, epilepsy and nonepileptic seizure disorders, developmental disabilities, progressive neurological disorders, HIV- and AIDS-related disorders, and dementia. . Services include evaluation, treatment, and case consultation in child, adult, and the expanding geriatric population in medical and community settings. The clinical goal always is to restore and maximize cognitive and psychological functioning in an injured or compromised brain. Most neuropsychology reference books focus primarily on assessment and diagnosis, and to date none has been encyclopedic in format. Clinicians, patients, and family members recognize that evaluation and diagnosis is only a starting point for the treatment and recovery process. During the past decade there has been a proliferation of programs, both hospital- and clinic-based, that provide rehabilitation, treatment, and treatment planning services. This encyclopedia will serve as a unified, comprehensive reference for professionals involved in the diagnosis, evaluation, and rehabilitation of adult patients and children with neuropsychological disorders. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Memory and Mind Mark A. Gluck, John Robert Anderson, Stephen Michael Kosslyn, 2008 First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations, Board on Human-Systems Integration, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council, 1998-08-14 Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Memory, Consciousness and the Brain Endel Tulving, 2013-05-13 Memory and consciousness have been objects of fascination to psychologists and other brain scientists for over one hundred years. Because of the complexity of the two topics, however, and despite great efforts spent on their study, the progress in their understanding over most of this time has been rather slow. Recently, thanks to new techniques and to changing pre-theoretical orientations, the study of the role of the brain in memory and consciousness has received an immense boost, and has become a central focus of research activity by thousands of researchers worldwide. The volume reviews recent progress on our understanding of memory, consciousness and the brain and identifies a number of acute outstanding problems. The purpose of the volume, based on a conference in Tallinn, is to look to the future, and not simply to share knowledge from ongoing research. In this sense, the volume does not contain a comprehensive overview of the field, but rather showcases a selection of exciting ideas in cognitive neuroscience. Contributors include some of the world's best-known cognitive brain scientists who have greatly contributed to our understanding of memory as a relation between the brain and the mind, as well as a number of highly promising younger researchers in the field. Memory, Consciousness and the Brain will be essential reading for anyone interested in the latest cutting-edge thinking at the interface of these topics, and in the future directions in which it may take us. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Searching For Memory Daniel L Schacter, 2008-08-04 Memory. There may be nothing more important to human beings than our ability to enshrine experience and recall it. While philosophers and poets have elevated memory to an almost mystical level, psychologists have struggled to demystify it. Now, according to Daniel Schacter, one of the most distinguished memory researchers, the mysteries of memory are finally yielding to dramatic, even revolutionary, scientific breakthroughs. Schacter explains how and why it may change our understanding of everything from false memory to Alzheimer's disease, from recovered memory to amnesia with fascinating firsthand accounts of patients with striking -- and sometimes bizarre -- amnesias resulting from brain injury or psychological trauma. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Elements of Episodic Memory Endel Tulving, 1985-09-05 Elements of Episodic Memory is a classic text in the psychology literature. It had a significant influence on research in the area has been much sought after in recent years. Finally, it has now been made available again with this reissue, the text unchanged from the original. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Building a Second Brain Tiago Forte, 2022-06-14 Building a second brain is getting things done for the digital age. It's a ... productivity method for consuming, synthesizing, and remembering the vast amount of information we take in, allowing us to become more effective and creative and harness the unprecedented amount of technology we have at our disposal-- |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders Fred R. Volkmar, 2016 |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Psychology Henry L. Roediger, 1991 |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Handbook of Educational Psychology Lyn Corno, Eric M. Anderman, 2015-07-06 The third edition of the Handbook of Educational Psychology is sponsored by Division 15 of the American Psychological Association. In this volume, thirty chapters address new developments in theory and research methods while honoring the legacy of the field’s past. A diverse group of recognized scholars within and outside the U.S. provide integrative reviews and critical syntheses of developments in the substantive areas of psychological inquiry in education, functional processes for learning, learner readiness and development, building knowledge and subject matter expertise, and the learning and task environment. New chapters in this edition cover topics such as learning sciences research, latent variable models, data analytics, neuropsychology, relations between emotion, motivation, and volition (EMOVO), scientific literacy, sociocultural perspectives on learning, dialogic instruction, and networked learning. Expanded treatment has been given to relevant individual differences, underlying processes, and new research on subject matter acquisition. The Handbook of Educational Psychology, Third Edition, provides an indispensable reference volume for scholars in education and the learning sciences, broadly conceived, as well as for teacher educators, practicing teachers, policy makers and the academic libraries serving these audiences. It is also appropriate for graduate level courses in educational psychology, human learning and motivation, the learning sciences, and psychological research methods in education and psychology. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: How We Think and Learn Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, 2017-02-13 This book introduces readers to principles and research findings about human learning and cognition in an engaging, conversational manner. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning (Psychology Revivals) Robert A. Rescorla, 2014-08-01 Originally published in 1980, this volume explores some of the dramatic and exciting changes that had taken place in the field of conditioning in the 15 years prior to publication. The usefulness of a particular learning procedure, second-order conditioning, is explored in three aspects of the learning process: (1) the measurement of learning; (2) the circumstances that produce associative learning; and (3) the content of that learning. The usefulness of this new paradigm is documented with the results of experiments that had grown out of the author’s programmatic work at the time. Completely new results were published for the first time, in an attempt to demonstrate the power of this particular learning procedure in elucidating fundamental questions about the nature of learning. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Moonwalking with Einstein Instaread, 2016-06-28 Moonwalking with Einstein by Joshua Foer | Summary & Analysis Preview: Moonwalking with Einstein recounts author Joshua Foer’s yearlong journey from participant-journalist covering the national memory championships to becoming the 2006 USA World Memory Champion. Other segments offer a journalistic history of the human relationship with memory, addressing its failings, its successes, and its limitations. Most people operate according to a series of misconceptions about human memory. Above all, many believe that they have an average brain and are therefore incapable of performing mental feats such as swiftly memorizing a deck of playing cards shuffled into random order. This belief, however, is false. Memory champions are no smarter than anyone else and have unremarkable brains from a biological standpoint. The difference is in how memory champions use their brain. They employ techniques and training to overcome shortcomings that are hard-wired into the human brain anatomy. Even those who appear to possess a photographic memory likely do not and are instead employing other memorization techniques… PLEASE NOTE: This is key takeaways and analysis of the book and NOT the original book. Inside this Instaread Summary of Moonwalking with Einstein: · Overview of the Book · Important People · Key Takeaways · Analysis of Key Takeaways About the Author With Instaread, you can get the key takeaways, summary and analysis of a book in 15 minutes. We read every chapter, identify the key takeaways and analyze them for your convenience. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System Rebecca M. Shansky, 2015-09-14 Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System offers a comprehensive examination of the current state of sex differences research, from both the basic science and clinical research perspectives. Given the current NIH directive that funded preclinical research must consider both females and males, this topic is of interest to an increasing percentage of the neuroscience research population. The volume serves as an invaluable resource, offering coverage of a wide range of topics: sex differences in cognition, learning, and memory, sex hormone signaling mechanisms, neuroimmune interactions, epigenetics, social behavior, neurologic disease, psychological disorders, and stress. Discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations are included. Details how sex hormones have widespread effects on the nervous system and influence the way males and females function Assists readers in determining how sex impacts their research and practice, and assists in determining how to adjust research programs to incorporate sex influences Includes discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations, and at various developmental stages Features revised and updated chapters by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available |
| example of retrieval in psychology: The Science of Self-report Arthur A. Stone, Christine A. Bachrach, Jared B. Jobe, Howard S. Kurtzman, Virginia S. Cain, 1999-08 This collection of chapters on the many issues involved in collecting, interpreting, and working with self-report data will be invaluable to scholars and professionals in the mental and behavioral sciences. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Adaptation-level Theory Harry Helson, 1964 |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Human Memory Alan D. Baddeley, 1990 |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Functional Neuromarkers for Psychiatry Juri D. Kropotov, 2016-05-03 Functional Neuromarkers for Psychiatry explores recent advances in neuroscience that have allowed scientists to discover functional neuromarkers of psychiatric disorders. These neuromarkers include brain activation patterns seen via fMRI, PET, qEEG, and ERPs. The book examines these neuromarkers in detail—what to look for, how to use them in clinical practice, and the promise they provide toward early detection, prevention, and personalized treatment of mental disorders. The neuromarkers identified in this book have a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity higher than 80%. They are reliable, reproducible, inexpensive to measure, noninvasive, and have been confirmed by at least two independent studies. The book focuses primarily on the analysis of EEG and ERPs. It elucidates the neuronal mechanisms that generate EEG spontaneous rhythms and explores the functional meaning of ERP components in cognitive tasks. The functional neuromarkers for ADHD, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are reviewed in detail. The book highlights how to use these functional neuromarkers for diagnosis, personalized neurotherapy, and monitoring treatment results. - Identifies specific brain activation patterns that are neuromarkers for psychiatric disorders - Includes neuromarkers as seen via fMRI, PET, qEEG, and ERPs - Addresses neuromarkers for ADHD, schizophrenia, and OCD in detail - Provides information on using neuromarkers for diagnosis and/or personalized treatment |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Principles of Memory Aimée M. Surprenant, Ian Neath, 2013-03-07 This monograph proposes 7 principles of human memory. These principles are qualitative statements of empirical regularities that can serve as intermediary explanations and which follow from viewing memory as a function. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: The Science of False Memory C. J. Brainerd, V. F. Reyna, 2005-05-05 Findings from research on false memory have major implications for a number of fields central to human welfare, such as medicine and law. Although many important conclusions have been reached after a decade or so of intensive research, the majority of them are not well known outside the immediate field. To make this research accessible to a much wider audience, The Science of False Memory has been written to require little or no background knowledge of the theory and techniques used in memory research. Brainerd and Reyna introduce the volume by considering the progenitors to the modern science of false memory, and noting the remarkable degree to which core themes of contemporary research were anticipated by historical figure such as Binet, Piaget, and Bartlett. They continue with an account of the varied methods that have been used to study false memory both inside and outside of the laboratory. The first part of the volume focuses on the basic science of false memory, revolving around three topics: old and new theoretical ideas that have been used to explain false memory and make predictions about it; research findings and predictions about false memory in normal adults; and research findings and predictions about age-related changes in false memory between early childhood and adulthood. Throughout Part I, Brainerd and Reyna emphasize how current opponent-processes conceptions of false memory act as a unifying influence by integrating predictions and data across disparate forms of false memory. The second part focuses on the applied science of false memory, revolving around four topics: the falsifiability of witnesses and suspects memories of crimes, including false confessions by suspects; the falsifiability of eyewitness identifications of suspects; false-memory reports in investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses, particularly in connection with sexual-abuse crimes; false memory in psychotherapy, including recovered memories of childhood abuse, multiple-personality disorders, and recovered memories of previous lives. Although Part II is concerned with applied research, Brainerd and Reyna continue to emphasize the unifying influence of opponent-processes conceptions of false memory. The third part focuses on emerging trends, revolving around three expanding areas of false-memory research: mathematical models, aging effects, and cognitive neuroscience. False Memory will be an invaluable resource for professional researchers, practitioners, and students in the many fields for which false-memory research has implications, including child-protective services, clinical psychology, law, criminal justice, elementary and secondary education, general medicine, journalism, and psychiatry. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Memory in the Real World Gillian Cohen, Martin A. Conway, 2008 This fully revised and updated third edition of the highly acclaimed Memory in the Real World includes recent research in all areas of everyday memory. Distinguished researchers have contributed new and updated material in their own areas of expertise. The controversy about the value of naturalistic research, as opposed to traditional laboratory methods, is outlined, and the two approaches are seen to have converged and become complementary rather than antagonistic. The editors bring together studies on many different topics, such as memory for plans and actions, for names and faces, for routes and maps, life experiences and flashbulb memory, and eyewitness memory. Emphasis is also given to the role of memory in consciousness and metacognition. New topics covered in this edition include life span development of memory, collaborative remembering, deja-vu and memory dysfunction in the real world. Memory in the Real World will be of continuing appeal to students and researchers in the area. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Practical Aspects of Memory Michael M. Gruneberg, Peter Edwin Morris, Robert N. Sykes, 1978 |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Learning How to Learn Barbara Oakley, PhD, Terrence Sejnowski, PhD, Alistair McConville, 2018-08-07 A surprisingly simple way for students to master any subject--based on one of the world's most popular online courses and the bestselling book A Mind for Numbers A Mind for Numbers and its wildly popular online companion course Learning How to Learn have empowered more than two million learners of all ages from around the world to master subjects that they once struggled with. Fans often wish they'd discovered these learning strategies earlier and ask how they can help their kids master these skills as well. Now in this new book for kids and teens, the authors reveal how to make the most of time spent studying. We all have the tools to learn what might not seem to come naturally to us at first--the secret is to understand how the brain works so we can unlock its power. This book explains: Why sometimes letting your mind wander is an important part of the learning process How to avoid rut think in order to think outside the box Why having a poor memory can be a good thing The value of metaphors in developing understanding A simple, yet powerful, way to stop procrastinating Filled with illustrations, application questions, and exercises, this book makes learning easy and fun. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment Gregory J Boyle, Gerald Matthews, Donald H Saklofske, 2008-06-24 A definitive, authoritative and up-to-date resource for anyone interested in the theories, models and assessment methods used for understanding the many factes of Human personality and individual differences This brand new Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment 2-Volume Set constitutes an essential resource for shaping the future of the scientific foundation of personality research, measurement, and practice. There is need for an up-to-date and international Handbook that reviews the major contemporary personality models Vol. 1 and associated psychometric measurement instruments Vol. 2 that underpin the scientific study of this important area of individual differences psychology, and in these two Handbooks this is very much achieved. Made unique by its depth and breadth the Handbooks are internationally edited and authored by Professors Gregory J. Boyle, Gerald Matthews, and Donald H. Saklofske and authored by internationally known academics, this work will be an important reference work for a host of researchers and practitioners in the fields of individual differences and personality assessment, clinical psychology, educational psychology, work and organizational psychology, health psychology and other applied fields as well. Volume 2: Personality Measurement and Assessment. Covers psychometric measurement of personality and has coverage of the following broad topics, listed by section heading: General Methodological Issues Multidimensional Personality Instruments Assessment of Biologically-Based Traits Assessment of Self-Regulative Traits Implicit, Projective And Objective Measures Of Personality Abnormal Personality Trait Instruments Applications of Psychological Testing |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference , 2017-07-07 Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is the authoritative resource for scientists and students interested in all facets of learning and memory. This updated edition includes chapters that reflect the state-of-the-art of research in this area. Coverage of sleep and memory has been significantly expanded, while neuromodulators in memory processing, neurogenesis and epigenetics are also covered in greater detail. New chapters have been included to reflect the massive increase in research into working memory and the educational relevance of memory research. No other reference work covers so wide a territory and in so much depth. Provides the most comprehensive and authoritative resource available on the study of learning and memory and its mechanisms Incorporates the expertise of over 150 outstanding investigators in the field, providing a ‘one-stop’ resource of reputable information from world-leading scholars with easy cross-referencing of related articles to promote understanding and further research Includes further reading for each chapter that helps readers continue their research Includes a glossary of key terms that is helpful for users who are unfamiliar with neuroscience terminology |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Teaching Students to Drive Their Brains Donna Wilson, Marcus Conyers, 2016-06-28 If the difference between a student's success and failure were something specific you could teach, wouldn't you? Metacognition is exactly that—a tool that helps students unlock their brain's amazing power and take control of their learning. Educational researchers and professional developers Donna Wilson and Marcus Conyers have been exploring and using the explicit teaching of metacognition for years, and in this book they share a practical way to teach preK-12 students how to drive their brains by promoting the following practices: * Adopt an optimistic outlook toward learning, * Set goals, * Focus their attention, * Monitor their progress, and * Engage in practices that enhance cognitive flexibility. Wilson and Conyers explain metacognition and how it equips students to meet today's rigorous education standards. They present a unique blend of useful metaphors, learning strategies, and instructional tips you can use to teach your students to be the boss of their brains. Sample lessons show these ideas in a variety of classroom settings, and sections on professional practice help you incorporate these tools (and share them with colleagues and parents) so that you are teaching for and with metacognition. Research suggests that metacognition is key to higher student achievement, but studies of classroom practice indicate that few students are taught to use metacognition and the supporting cognitive strategies that make learning easier. You can teach metacognition to your students, so why wouldn't you? This book shows you how. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Prospective Memory Mark A. McDaniel, Gilles O. Einstein, 2007-02-15 While there are many books on retrospective memory, or remembering past events, Prospective Memory: An Overview and Synthesis of an Emerging Field is the first authored text to provide a straightforward and integrated foundation to the scientific study of memory for actions to be performed in the future. Authors Mark A. McDaniel and Gilles O. Einstein present an accessible overview and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical work in this emerging field. Key Features: Focuses on students rather than researchers: While there are many edited works on prospective memory, this is the first authored text written in an accessible style geared toward students. Provides a general approach for the controlled, laboratory study of prospective memory: The authors place issues and research on prospective memory within the context of general contemporary themes in psychology, such as the issue of the degree to which human behavior is mediated by controlled versus automatic processes. Investigates the cognitive processes that underlie prospective remembering: Examples are provided of event-based, time-based, and activity-based prospective memory tasks while subjects are engaged in ongoing activities to parallel day-to-day life. Suggests fruitful directions for further advancement: In addition to integrating what is now a fairly loosely connected theoretical and empirical field, this book goes beyond current work to encourage new theoretical insights. Intended Audience: This relatively brief book is an excellent supplemental text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses such as Memory, Human Memory, and Learning & Memory in the departments of psychology and cognitive science. |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy Warren Tryon, 2014-03-22 Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy provides a bionetwork theory unifying empirical evidence in cognitive neuroscience and psychopathology to explain how emotion, learning, and reinforcement affect personality and its extremes. The book uses the theory to explain research results in both disciplines and to predict future findings, as well as to suggest what the theory and evidence say about how we should be treating disorders for maximum effectiveness. While theoretical in nature, the book has practical applications, and takes a mathematical approach to proving its own theorems. The book is unapologetically physical in nature, describing everything we think and feel by way of physical mechanisms and reactions in the brain. This unique marrying of cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology provides an opportunity to better understand both. - Unifying theory for cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology - Describes the brain in physical terms via mechanistic processes - Systematically uses the theory to explain empirical evidence in both disciplines - Theory has practical applications for psychotherapy - Ancillary material may be found at: http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780124200715 including an additional chapter and supplements |
| example of retrieval in psychology: Developing Growth Mindsets Donna Wilson, Marcus Conyers, 2020-05-26 Human beings have tremendous potential to acquire new knowledge, develop new skills, and improve their brains throughout life. By explicitly teaching learners about brain plasticity and malleable intelligence (the idea that they can become functionally smarter through effort) and by modeling and teaching specific learning strategies, teachers can help students experience higher levels of success as they develop a growth mindset. Discovering that learning changes their brains helps students develop this growth mindset—the belief that they can improve their knowledge and skills through the use of learning strategies and with guidance and support from teachers, coaches, and mentors. Donna Wilson and Marcus Conyers share strategies and techniques for developing growth mindsets based on their BrainSMART® program for bridging the science of learning to the practice of teaching and elaborate on their seven principles for developing and sustaining growth mindsets: * Understand the mindsets. * Keep plasticity front of mind. * Learn with practical optimism. * Set growth goals. * Get the feedback needed. * Improve methods. * Focus on progress, not perfection. By maintaining a growth mindset about your students' learning potential and applying learning strategies and techniques like those shared in this book, you can guide your students to continually develop a growth mindset—and experience a positive, upward learning spiral of success! |
Retrieval-Based Learning: A Perspective for Enhancing …
In this article, we consider the case of active retrieval practice as an example of a finding from basic cognitive psychology with broader implications for learning in education.
How to Use Retrieval Practice to Improve Learning
“Retrieval practice” is a learning strategy where we focus on getting information out. Through the act of retrieval, or calling information to mind, our memory for that information is strengthened …
Retrieval practice effect and individual differences: current …
Retrieval practice – the act of retrieving information from memory – can be implemented into educational contexts to improve learners’ long-term retention. Here, we provide a narrative …
Memory Stages In Psychology: Encoding Storage & Retrieval
Memory Retrieval This refers to getting information out of storage. If we can’t remember something, it may be because we are unable to retrieve it. When we are asked to retrieve …
Using Retrieval Practice to Increase Learning
What is Retrieval Practice? Retrieval practice is the strategy of recalling facts, concepts, or events from memory in order to enhance learning. classic example is using flashcards as a study tool.
Retrieving to remember: in theory and practice
classroom for a variety of learning materials. This paper presents the key findings and theoretical explanations of the retrieval practice ef. ct, focussing on real-world pedagogical value. The …
Retrieval Practice: Enhancing Application Skills
re are four ways that memories can be retrieved: Recall: Bei. g able to access information without being cued. Recognition: Ide. tifying information after experiencing it again. Recollection: …
RETRIEVAL PRACTICE AND THE MAINTENANCE OF …
Retrieval of information from long-term memory is a complex, highly fallible aspect of human memory. As such \it is a kind of skill, and like other skills, can profit greatly from practice.
Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval) - peachf.org
Psychologists distinguish among three necessary stages in the learning and memory process: encoding, storage, and retrieval (Melton, 1963). Encoding is defined as initial learning of …
Retrieval Practice: Beneficial for All Students or Moderated by ...
Retrieval practice is a learning technique that is known to produce enhanced long-term memory retention when compared to several other techniques. This difference in learning outcome is …
Current Directions in Psychological Retrieval-Based Learning: …
s.nav DOI: 10.1177/0963721412443552 http://cdps.sagepub.com Abstract Retrieval is the key process for understanding learning and for promoting learn. ng, yet retrieval is not often …
The Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning
– the ones used in the present experiment have seldom been used to investigate effects of re-peated practice in their own right, but compar-ison of the dropout conditions to the repeated …
Students Use of Retrieval in Self-Regulated Learning: …
Retrieval practice has been widely studied as an effective strategy for enhancing memory. In this review article, we discuss how its effects on learning complex problem-solving procedures are …
Retrieval Attempts Enhance Learning, but Retrieval Success …
Retrieving information from memory enhances learning. We propose a 2-stage framework to explain the benefits of retrieval. Stage 1 takes place as one attempts to retrieve an answer, …
The Role of Episodic Context in Retrieval Practice Effects
Retrieval mode refers to the cognitive state in which people intentionally think back to a particular place and time when an event occurred (Tulving, 1983). Experiments by Karpicke and Zaromb …
The Role of Retrieval in Answering Multiple-Choice Questions
Although multiple-choice questions can be constructed so as to bypass retrieval, they can also be constructed to induce retrieval, and when they are, learning benefits are likely to occur. The …
Retrieval Practice Effects in a Psychology Lecture: Illustrating …
This study investigated the effects of retrieval practice on the cognitive and metacognitive learning outcome in a psychology lecture at university. In a within-subjects design, N 180 students com …
Retrieval practice with short-answer, multiple-choice, and …
Students read educational texts and practised retrieval by answering short-answer, multiple-choice, or hybrid questions. In hybrid conditions students first attempted to recall answers in …
Does Providing Prompts During Retrieval Practice Improve …
Summary: The purpose of this investigation was to identify ways to prompt retrieval practice to make recall even more effective at producing meaningful learning. In two experiments, …
etrds0289.pdf - Purdue University
Retrieval-based learning is a prime example of how findings from basic cognitive science can inform educational practice (see Karpicke & Grimaldi, 2012; Roediger, 2013). At the same …
Retrieval-Based Learning: A Perspective for Enhancing …
In this article, we consider the case of active retrieval practice as an example of a finding from basic cognitive psychology with broader implications for learning in education.
How to Use Retrieval Practice to Improve Learning
“Retrieval practice” is a learning strategy where we focus on getting information out. Through the act of retrieval, or calling information to mind, our memory for that information is strengthened …
Retrieval practice effect and individual differences: current …
Retrieval practice – the act of retrieving information from memory – can be implemented into educational contexts to improve learners’ long-term retention. Here, we provide a narrative …
Memory Stages In Psychology: Encoding Storage & Retrieval
Memory Retrieval This refers to getting information out of storage. If we can’t remember something, it may be because we are unable to retrieve it. When we are asked to retrieve …
Using Retrieval Practice to Increase Learning
What is Retrieval Practice? Retrieval practice is the strategy of recalling facts, concepts, or events from memory in order to enhance learning. classic example is using flashcards as a study tool.
Retrieving to remember: in theory and practice
classroom for a variety of learning materials. This paper presents the key findings and theoretical explanations of the retrieval practice ef. ct, focussing on real-world pedagogical value. The …
Retrieval Practice: Enhancing Application Skills
re are four ways that memories can be retrieved: Recall: Bei. g able to access information without being cued. Recognition: Ide. tifying information after experiencing it again. Recollection: …
RETRIEVAL PRACTICE AND THE MAINTENANCE OF …
Retrieval of information from long-term memory is a complex, highly fallible aspect of human memory. As such \it is a kind of skill, and like other skills, can profit greatly from practice.
Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval) - peachf.org
Psychologists distinguish among three necessary stages in the learning and memory process: encoding, storage, and retrieval (Melton, 1963). Encoding is defined as initial learning of …
Retrieval Practice: Beneficial for All Students or Moderated by ...
Retrieval practice is a learning technique that is known to produce enhanced long-term memory retention when compared to several other techniques. This difference in learning outcome is …
Current Directions in Psychological Retrieval-Based …
s.nav DOI: 10.1177/0963721412443552 http://cdps.sagepub.com Abstract Retrieval is the key process for understanding learning and for promoting learn. ng, yet retrieval is not often …
The Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning
– the ones used in the present experiment have seldom been used to investigate effects of re-peated practice in their own right, but compar-ison of the dropout conditions to the repeated …
Students Use of Retrieval in Self-Regulated Learning: …
Retrieval practice has been widely studied as an effective strategy for enhancing memory. In this review article, we discuss how its effects on learning complex problem-solving procedures are …
Retrieval Attempts Enhance Learning, but Retrieval …
Retrieving information from memory enhances learning. We propose a 2-stage framework to explain the benefits of retrieval. Stage 1 takes place as one attempts to retrieve an answer, …
The Role of Episodic Context in Retrieval Practice Effects
Retrieval mode refers to the cognitive state in which people intentionally think back to a particular place and time when an event occurred (Tulving, 1983). Experiments by Karpicke and Zaromb …
The Role of Retrieval in Answering Multiple-Choice Questions
Although multiple-choice questions can be constructed so as to bypass retrieval, they can also be constructed to induce retrieval, and when they are, learning benefits are likely to occur. The …
Retrieval Practice Effects in a Psychology Lecture: Illustrating …
This study investigated the effects of retrieval practice on the cognitive and metacognitive learning outcome in a psychology lecture at university. In a within-subjects design, N 180 students com …
Retrieval practice with short-answer, multiple-choice, and …
Students read educational texts and practised retrieval by answering short-answer, multiple-choice, or hybrid questions. In hybrid conditions students first attempted to recall answers in …
Does Providing Prompts During Retrieval Practice …
Summary: The purpose of this investigation was to identify ways to prompt retrieval practice to make recall even more effective at producing meaningful learning. In two experiments, …
etrds0289.pdf - Purdue University
Retrieval-based learning is a prime example of how findings from basic cognitive science can inform educational practice (see Karpicke & Grimaldi, 2012; Roediger, 2013). At the same …
