Advertisement
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Introduction to Psychology Jennifer Walinga, Charles Stangor, This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: 21st Century Psychology: A Reference Handbook Stephen F. Davis, William Buskist, 2008 Highlights the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates in the field of psychology. Provides material of interest for students from all corners of psychological studies, whether their interests be in the biological, cognitive, developmental, social, or clinical arenas. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: If a Chimpanzee Could Talk and Other Reflections on Language Acquisition Jerry H. Gill, 1997-01-01 How is it that chimpanzees can learn to speak at a higher level than some so-called wolf children? What happened that day in the pumphouse, when Helen Keller suddenly grasped the meaning of words? And picture this: a father and mother who shun the advice of professionals, who doggedly force their way into the closed world of their autistic son, and who reverse his grim prognosis, revealing him to be gifted. How to explain? In this book, a philosopher combines these famous cases with a lifetime of study to examine the threshold of language--that point between speech and not quite speech. He provides fascinating accounts of the deaf and blind Helen Keller, of chimpanzees like Washoe, and of feral children such as Victor, the wild boy of Aveyron, putting a new spin on their stories. When does it start, he asks, that miracle most of us take for granted? Where does it come from, that uniquely human power to transform perception and action into thought and the singular activity we call speech? Here is evidence that, for chimp or child, the crucial factors in acquiring language have less to do with intellect and everything to do with social interaction. Here is confirmation that the give-and-take, push-and-pull of daily life forces virtually all of us to acquire language simply to live and work together. Author Jerry Gill offers no pat answers. Rather, he emphasizes imitation and reciprocity--for example, playing pat-a-cake with a baby--as essential to becoming part of a speaking community and thereby becoming a human being. In addition, Gill gives dozens of examples to show how gesture and facial expression both create and change the meaning of language. In compelling fashion, he underscores the point that language acquisition can be fully understood only in terms of such physical and social activity. The author exposes the flaws of research focused mainly on mental processes and gives little credit to findings based upon artificially contrived experiments. With vigor, compassion, and a broad-minded humanism, these pages invite the reader to think again about how we say what we mean, how we mean what we say, and where it all starts in the first place. Valuable to students of psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and anthropology, the book will also appeal to general readers who welcome an opportunity to explore familiar things in a new and entirely enjoyable way. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Health and Behavior Institute of Medicine, Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice and Policy, 2001-10-18 Health and Behavior reviews our improved understanding of the complex interplay among biological, psychological, and social influences and explores findings suggested by recent research-including interventions at multiple levels that we can employ to improve human health. The book covers three main areas: What do biological, behavioral, and social sciences contribute to our understanding of healthâ€including cardiovascular, immune system and brain functioning, behaviors that influence health, the role of social networks and socioeconomic status, and more. What can we learn from applied research on interventions to improve the health of individuals, families, communities, organizations, and larger populations? How can we expeditiously translate research findings into application? |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: How People Learn National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning with additional material from the Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice, 2000-08-11 First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Carousel Music Rick Moskovitz, 2020-07-05 Carousel Music is a She said, he said mystery, set two decades before the Me, too era during a time when controversy raged over the validity of memories recovered during psychotherapy. As knotty as the dilemma of when to believe women who claim that they were violated as adults, what if the victim was a child and the perpetrator was her father? And what if she had no recollection of the trauma until she was undergoing psychotherapy as an adult and her father was so certain that he never did it that he sued the doctor in order to clear his name?Stephanie Whittington lands in the care of Dr. Kenneth Miller with few childhood memories and little sense of who she is. In the course of her treatment, the pictures from her childhood gradually fill in to create a personal narrative that forms the foundation for a growing sense of identity. But what if parts of that narrative turn out not to be true?When she recalls terrifying memories of being violated by her father Everett as a preteen and writes him a letter accusing him of raping her, Everett, a wise and compassionate man and a pillar of the AA community, sues Dr. Miller, and their conflicting accounts play out in the psychiatrist's office and in the courtroom. At stake is Stephanie's recovery, Everett's reputation, and the doctor's career. What really happened? As memories form and evolve over time, nothing is exactly as it appears. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Language and Concept Acquisition from Infancy Through Childhood Jane B. Childers, 2020-02-03 This book examines the role of experience-based learning on children’s acquisition of language and concepts. It reviews, compares, and contrasts accounts of how the opportunity to recognize and generalize patterns influences learning. The book offers the first systematic integration of three highly influential research traditions in the domains of language and concept acquisition: Statistical Learning, Structural Alignment, and the Bayesian learning perspective. Chapters examine the parameters that constrain learning, address conditions that optimize learning, and offer explanations for cases in which implicit exemplar-based learning fails to occur. By exploring both the benefits and challenges children face as they learn from multiple examples, the book offers insight on how to better able to understand children’s early unsupervised learning about language and concepts. Topics featured in this book include: Competing models of statistical learning and how learning might be constrained by infants’ developing cognitive abilities. How experience with multiple exemplars helps infants understand space and other relations. The emergence of category-based inductive reasoning during infancy and early childhood. How children learn individual verbs and the verb system over time. How statistical learning leads to aggregation and abstraction in word learning. Mechanisms for evaluating others’ reliability as sources of knowledge when learning new words. The Search for Invariance (SI) hypothesis and its role in facilitating causal learning. Language and Concept Acquisition from Infancy Through Childhood is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians and related professionals, and graduate students in infancy and early child development, applied linguistics, language education, child, school, and developmental psychology and related mental health and education services. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Neural Plasticity and Memory Federico Bermudez-Rattoni, 2007-04-17 A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura, General Learning Corporation, 1973 |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: The Psychology of the Language Learner Zoltán Dörnyei, 2014-04-04 The scope of individual learner differences is broad, yet there is no current, comprehensive, and unified volume that provides an overview of the considerable amount of research conducted on various language learner differences, until now. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: In Other Words Ellen Bialystok, Kenji Hakuta, 1994-11-09 Explores the reasons why it is often difficult to learn a second language and explains how language acquisition can be a process of self-discovery. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Schedules of Reinforcement B. F. Skinner, C. B. Ferster, 2015-05-20 The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success, 2015-07-23 Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: How People Learn II National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on How People Learn II: The Science and Practice of Learning, 2018-09-27 There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it John Broadus Watson, 1913 |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology Amy Wenzel, 2017-03-16 Abnormal and clinical psychology courses are offered in psychology programs at universities worldwide, but the most recent major encyclopedia on the topic was published many years ago. Although general psychology handbooks and encyclopedias include essays on abnormal and clinical psychology, such works do not provide students with an accessible reference for understanding the full scope of the field. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, a 7-volume, A-Z work (print and electronic formats), will be such an authoritative work. Its more than 1,400 entries will provide information on fundamental approaches and theories, various mental health disorders, assessment tools and psychotherapeutic interventions, and the social, legal, and cultural frameworks that have contributed to debates in abnormal and clinical psychology. Key features include: 1,400 signed articles contained in 7 volumes and available in choice of print and/or electronic formats Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping related entries thematically Back matter includes a Chronology, Resource Guide, Bibliography, and detailed Index Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References between and among entries all combine to provide robust search-and-browse features in the electronic version. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Lost in the Mirror Richard A. Moskovitz, 2001-03 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) afflicts six to ten million Americans and accounts for almost 25 percent of psychiatric hospitalizations in this country. In Lost in the Mirror, Dr. Richard A. Moskovitz provides an expert look into this complex disorder, discussing causes, symptoms, behaviors, and treatments, interspersed with patients' compelling stories of their daily struggles with BPD. Finding Your Way Back The second edition provides readers with * the latest innovations in psychotherapy * new and effective drug treatments * an expanded overview of conventional therapy * an updated resource list for those who want to learn more Thoughtful and compelling, Lost in the Mirror explores the frightening world of BPD patients and helps readers understand their pain. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Syntactic Structures Noam Chomsky, 2020-05-18 No detailed description available for Syntactic Structures. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Parenting Matters National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Supporting the Parents of Young Children, 2016-11-21 Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€which includes all primary caregiversâ€are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Psychology Lester A. Lefton, Linda Brannon, 2006 From decolonization and democratization to religion and gender, Politics and Culture in the Developing World is a comprehensive survey of the global context of development. With in-depth and current examples from Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, this text examines the central political themes in the developing world. Throughout, Politics and Culture in the Developing World demonstrates how globalization both accelerates change and increases interdependence between developing and developed countries. Book jacket. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience Jerry J. Buccafusco, 2000-08-29 Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Verbal Behavior Burrhus Frederic Skinner, 1957 |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Finding Meaning in the Second Half of Life James Hollis, 2005-05-05 What does it really mean to be a grown up in today’s world? We assume that once we “get it together” with the right job, marry the right person, have children, and buy a home, all is settled and well. But adulthood presents varying levels of growth, and is rarely the respite of stability we expected. Turbulent emotional shifts can take place anywhere between the age of thirty-five and seventy when we question the choices we’ve made, realize our limitations, and feel stuck—commonly known as the “midlife crisis.” Jungian psycho-analyst James Hollis believes it is only in the second half of life that we can truly come to know who we are and thus create a life that has meaning. In Finding Meaning in the Second Half of Life, Hollis explores the ways we can grow and evolve to fully become ourselves when the traditional roles of adulthood aren’t quite working for us, revealing a new way of uncovering and embracing our authentic selves. Offering wisdom to anyone facing a career that no longer seems fulfilling, a long-term relationship that has shifted, or family transitions that raise issues of aging and mortality, Finding Meaning in the Second Half of Life provides a reassuring message and a crucial bridge across this critical passage of adult development. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Social Learning In Animals Cecilia M. Heyes, Bennett G. Galef Jr., 1996-05-23 The increasing realization among behaviorists and psychologists is that many animals learn by observation as members of social systems. Such settings contribute to the formation of culture. This book combines the knowledge of two groups of scientists with different backgrounds to establish a working consensus for future research. The book is divided into two major sections, with contributions by a well-known, international, and interdisciplinary team which integrates these growing areas of inquiry. - Integrates the broad range of scientific approaches being used in the studies of social learning and imitation, and society and culture - Provides an introduction to this field of study as well as a starting point for the more experienced researcher - Chapters are succinct reviews of innovative discoveries and progress made during the past decade - Includes statements of varied theoretical perspectives on controversial topics - Authoritative contributions by an international team of leading researchers |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Psychology Richard A. Griggs, 2008-02-15 The updated 2nd edition of this brief introduction to Psychology, is more accessible and ideal for short courses. This is a brief, accessible introductory psychology textbook. The updated 2nd edition of this clear and brief introduction to Psychology is written by the award-winning lecturer and author Richard Griggs. The text is written in an engaging style and presents a selection of carefully chosen core concepts in psychology, providing solid topical coverage without drowning the student in a sea of details. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning Frances K. McSweeney, Eric S. Murphy, 2014-06-23 This combined survey of operant and classical conditioning provides professional and academic readers with an up-to-date, inclusive account of a core field of psychology research, with in-depth coverage of the basic theory, its applications, and current topics including behavioral economics. Provides comprehensive coverage of operant and classical conditioning, relevant fundamental theory, and applications including the latest techniques Features chapters by leading researchers, professionals, and academicians Reviews a range of core literature on conditioning Covers cutting-edge topics such as behavioral economics |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Research Methods in Language Acquisition Barbara Lust, Maria Blume, 2016-11-07 Language acquisition research is challenging—the intricate behavioral and cognitive foundations of speech are difficult to measure objectively. The audible components of speech, however, are quantifiable and thus provide crucial data. This practical guide synthesizes the authors’ decades of experience into a comprehensive set of tools that will allow students and early career researchers in the field to design and conduct rigorous studies that produce reliable and valid speech data and interpretations. The authors thoroughly review specific techniques for obtaining qualitative and quantitative speech data, including how to tailor the testing environments for optimal results. They explore observational tasks for collecting natural speech and experimental tasks for eliciting specific types of speech. Language comprehension tasks are also reviewed so researchers can study participants’ interpretations of speech and conceptualizations of grammar. Most tasks are oriented towards children, but special considerations for infants are also reviewed, as well as multilingual children. Chapters also provide strategies for transcribing and coding raw speech data into reliable data sets that can be scientifically analyzed. Furthermore, they investigate the intricacies of interpretation so that researchers can make empirically sound inferences from their data and avoid common pitfalls that can lead to unscientific conclusions. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Conditioned Emotional Reactions John B. Watson, Rosalie Rayner, 2013-01-10 Psychology Classics: The Case of Little Albert Conditioned Emotional Reactions by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner is one of the most influential, infamous and iconic research articles ever published in the history of psychology. Commonly referred to as The Case of Little Albert this psychology classic attempted to show how fear could be induced in an infant through classical conditioning. Originally published in 1920, Conditioned Emotional Reactions remains among the most frequently cited journal articles in introductory psychology courses and textbooks. A psychology classic is by definition a must read. However, most seminal texts within the discipline remain unread by a majority of psychology students. A detailed, well written description of a classic study is fine to a point, but there is absolutely no substitute for understanding and engaging with the issues under review than by reading the authors unabridged ideas, thoughts and findings in their entirety. Bonus Material: One of the most dramatic aspects of Watson and Rayner's original study was that they had planned to test a number of methods by which they could remove Little Albert's conditioned fear responses. However, as Watson noted Unfortunately Albert was taken from the hospital the day the above tests were made. Hence the opportunity of building up an experimental technique by means of which we could remove the conditioned emotional responses was denied us. This unforeseen turn of events was something that obviously stayed with Watson, as under his guidance some three years later, Mary Cover Jones conducted a follow-up study - A Laboratory Study of Fear: The Case of Peter - which illustrated how fear may be removed under laboratory conditions. This additional and highly relevant article is also presented in full. The Case of Little Albert has been produced as part of an initiative by the website All About Psychology to make important psychology publications widely available. www.all-about-psychology.com |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Principles of Psychology Marc Breedlove, 2015-01-02 Organized around four well-established core principles, Principles of Psychology provides students with a framework to understand the science of behavior. Written in a conversational style, the text is organized around the following four well-established principles that serve as touchstones for the field of psychology: --The mind is a process at work in a physical machine, the brain. --We are consciously aware of only a fraction of our mental activity. --We constantly modify our behavior, beliefs, and attitudes according to what we perceive about the people around us. --Experience physically alters the structure and function of the brain. With these four principles as a framework for the text, Principles of Psychology emphasizes that psychology is a science through discussion of relevant big-picture and proven concepts and cutting-edge research-based investigations that examine behavioral, psychological, and neuroscience experiments. By presenting data and facts from other scientific disciplines, as well as real-world vignettes and stories, Marc Breedlove teaches the reader how to think critically and scientifically about the underlying mechanisms of behavior. In-Text Features --Vignette Each chapter begins with a story, an instance when behavior has a big impact on someone's life. The chapter returns to the vignette several times as we cover findings that relate to that particular case. --Researchers at Work In every chapter, important discoveries are explained and illustrated to highlight the process of experimentation and hypothesis testing. Over the course of the book, the progression of experiments provides an increasingly sharper picture of the factors shaping behavior. --Skeptic at Large Intended to sharpen the student's critical thinking skills, these boxes explore a widespread misconception and demonstrate how scientific research disproves it. The exploration of scientific experimentation also reinforces the Researchers at Work feature. --Psychology in Everyday Life These are topics where knowledge of psychology might be applicable to everyday life, such as whether people with schizophrenia are violent, the importance of blind auditions for musicians, how to stop smoking, or how conditioned taste aversion might cause you to stop eating sushi when you used to love it. --The Cutting Edge Just prior to the end of every chapter, this feature explores an exciting report of current research. Showing students these vibrant and bold experiments will emphasize that psychology research remains alive and well. --Think Like a Psychologist: Principles in Action To close each chapter, each principle is related back to the vignette to show the student that when they observe an interesting behavior they can recall and apply the four principles. If they can do this, they will indeed be thinking like a psychologist. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: First Language Acquisition Eve V. Clark, 2009-01-22 In this volume, Eve V. Clark takes a comprehensive look at where and when children acquire a first language. All the major findings and debates are presented in a highly readable form. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Literacy and Language Analysis Robert J. Scholes, 2013-12-16 This volume investigates the interconnections between language and literacy in terms of the structures of language as well as the linguistic contexts of literacy. The work for this book was generated in order to focus on studies of the acquisition and impact of literacy on traditional assertions of linguistic analysts. The contributors show that claims regarding descriptions of the linguistic competence of native speakers contain phonemic, morphemic, and sentential constructs applicable only to literate language users. They also suggest that syntactic formalities -- elements lacking extensional reference -- are unlikely in the absence of literacy, and that the notions of sentencehood and syntactic well-formedness are functions of literacy. Finally, the book reviews the basic notions of literary relativity and the role of literacy in communication and civilization. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Theories of Development William Crain, 2015-10-02 The result of extensive scholarship and consultation with leading scholars, this text introduces students to twenty-four theorists and compares and contrasts their theories on how we develop as individuals. Emphasizing the theories that build upon the developmental tradition established by Rousseau, this text also covers theories in the environmental/learning tradition. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Constructive Knowledge Acquisition Franz Schmalhofer, 2019-01-04 A cognitive psychology which becomes increasingly specialized requires a special effort in order to avoid a fragmentation into several controversial issues that are independently discussed but also inherently related. Rather than asking additional differentiated questions which are then investigated by more specialized experimental methods and designs, this book promotes unified theories and a levels approach for their experimental evaluation. Within this cognitive science approach and on the basis of the most foundational assumptions of Kintsch's construction integration theory, a computational theory of knowledge acquisition is then developed and subsequently evaluated by psychological experiments. For forty years, computer simulation techniques and experimental psychology research have greatly matured the understanding of human knowledge and its acquisition in different learning environments. This volume critically assesses the advantages and limitations of these approaches and then develops an integrated research methodology. It goes on to provide significant progress concerning the following questions: * What are the most promising research methodologies for investigating human cognition? * How can the experimental psychology research on text comprehension, concept formation, and memory become more closely related to one another when the very specialized research paradigms and the highly specific scientific controversies promote their separation and independent discussion? * How can a general comprehension-based theory bridge the gap between simple experimental settings and the real-life situations that occur in education and work environments? This book demonstrates how experimental psychology can proceed more successfully by investigating those aspects that are shared among different areas of research like text comprehension, categorization, and learning by exploration. It also shows how unified theories can assist in applying experimental psychology and cognitive science results to areas such as intelligent tutoring systems, instructional design, and the development of expert systems in complex real world domains. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: The Principles of Learning & Behavior Michael Domjan, Barbara Burkhard, 1986 This popular text gives students a comprehensive and readable introduction to contemporary issues in learning and behaviour, while providing balanced coverage of classical and instrumental conditioning. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: The Handbook of Behavior Change Martin S. Hagger, Linda D. Cameron, Kyra Hamilton, Nelli Hankonen, Taru Lintunen, 2020-07-15 Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: The Promise of Adolescence National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Neurobiological and Socio-behavioral Science of Adolescent Development and Its Applications, 2019-07-26 Adolescenceâ€beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Fallibilist Solutions to Institutional Problems John Wettersten, 2022-03-04 Since Karl Popper‘s fallibilist portrayal of scientific methodology in the 1940s, critical rationalism has developed in many ways, and in many fields. However, some of these developments still leave deep and important possibilities open. One of these is the portrayal of all rational actions as social. This book elucidates the significance of this perspective in regard to psychology, political and social philosophy, the understanding of how scientists can better communicate, and strategies for better living. The importance of the social theory of rationality for psychology arises above all due to the numerous assumptions made in psychological research that rationality is strictly individualist. This is at hand, for example, in its historical portrayal and in important aspects of cognitive psychology. As shown here, these assumptions have damaging consequences for the relationship of rationality with cognitive and social psychology. |
| examples of acquisition in psychology: Contingencies of Reinforcement B. F. Skinner, 2014-07-01 B. F. Skinner titled this book, Contingencies of Reinforcement, after the heart of his science of behavior. Contingencies relate classes of actions to postcedent events and to the contexts in which those action-postcedent relations occur. The basic processes seem straightforward, but many people do not know or understand the underlying theory. Skinner believed that ‘a theory is essential to the scientific understanding of behavior as a subject matter”. This book presents some of Skinner’s most sophisticated statements about theoretical issues. To his original articles, he added notes to clarify and expand subtle points. The book thus provides an overview of Skinner’s thinking about theory and the philosophy underpinning the science he began. |
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 …
Events - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
An Introduction to Psycholinguistics Hojat jodai The University …
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects. The main subject of research in ... acquisition of first …
Language Acquisition - Stanford University
Hence language acquisition depends on an innate, species-specific module that is distinct from general intelligence. Much of the debate in language acquisition has attempted to test this …
Research Methods in Language Acquisition: Principles, …
The study of language acquisition must reach beyond the study of English alone, and it must include comparative cross-linguistic studies. For this, collaboration among researchers across …
Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition
Mar 28, 2005 · Acquisition Ricardo Schütz Last revision: March 28, 2005 "Language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules, and does not require tedious …
Toward an Instructionally Oriented Theory of Example-Based …
Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg Received 21 November 2009; received in revised form 20 September 2012; accepted 1 February 2013 Abstract ... effectiveness of …
AP Psychology 2015 Scoring Guidelines - College Board
Examples: Score “After living in their new neighborhood for a while, Chandler and Alex see tha t their neighbors all have flags out, and because they want to be accepted, they put one out …
Stephen Krashen and Language Acquisition - Montgomery …
Krashen’s language acquisition theories can be summarized as: • Learners acquire language when exposed to “comprehensible input,” i.e., language that is a step beyond their current …
Noticing in Second Language Acquisition - ResearchGate
of cognitive psychology and second language acquisition. Since Schmidt (1990) put forward the noticing hypothesis, many researchers have tried to verify the important role of awareness in …
Phoneme Psychology Example - mercury.goinglobal
studying phoneme perception within the context of psychology. 2. Categorical Perception: A Cornerstone of Phoneme Psychology Categorical perception is a fundamental aspect of …
Modeling the Distinct Phases of Skill Acquisition
Nov 9, 2015 · 3 phases of skill acquisition proposed by Fitts and Posner (1967): a cognitive, an associative, and an autonomous phase. Keywords: skill acquisition, power law of practice, …
SUBJECT: KS3 A Level PE Skill Acquisition KS5 CURRICULUM …
range of sporting examples. Giving strategies to improve selective attention in certain sports. Applying sports skills to Whiting's Model. Evaluating AO3 Whiting's model for a Cognitive …
SOME APPLICATIONS OF COGNITIVE THEORY TO SECOND …
tation, learning, and language skill acquisition. The remainder of the paper describes possible applications of this model to issues in sec-ond language acquisition and suggests that the …
Behaviorism and the Psychology of Language; An Historical …
Society of America, contained several articles on the relevance of psychology. Sturtevant, in an article about the Linguistic Society of America written for the Psychological Bulletin, stated that …
Domain-General Learning Capacities - Infant Learning Lab
tion. Skinner invoked equipotential mechanisms for language acquisition via operant conditioning: the detection of contingencies between observable entities. Language acquisition could thus …
Effective practice and instruction: A skill acquisition …
acquisition background are typically hired based on additional skills or knowledge related to biomechanics and movement analysis, data analytics, strength and conditioning or applied/ …
Implication of IL Fossilization in Second Language …
second language acquisition. The negative transfer of L1 is what the behaviorists believe to be proactive inhibition; that is to say, the influence of what has been previously learned appears …
AP Psychology, Grades 11-12 Learning - OnCourse Systems
Suggested Activities & Best Practices •Misconception Check: For example, provide students with a list of behaviors and ask them to write down which behaviors are examples of …
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and …
tion, St. Louis, Missouri; Cynthia L. Fadler, Department of Psychology, Washington University; Harold Pashler, Department of Psychology, Uni-versity of California, San Diego. This research …
Assessment Guide for Psychology Teachers
The following chart provides examples of student assessments for diverse purposes. The list is not meant to be exhaustive but may help teachers think broadly about assessment and …
ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS : AN INTRODUCTION …
a great extent of understanding of the working of the mind. Psychology as it were, is a discipline that studies the working of the human mind. This is the primary point of interface between the …
UNIT 1 LANGUAGE LEARNING AND LANGUAGE …
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What is Language Learning? 1.3 What is Language Acquisition? 1.4 The Process of Language Development 1.5 …
Journal of Educational Psychology
1 Department of Psychology, Northwestern University 2 Department of Psychology, Lake Forest College 3 Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University 4 School of Education, …
Values Attitudes And Beliefs Examples - sq2.scholarpedia
Values Attitudes And Beliefs Examples 2 Values Attitudes And Beliefs Examples Representations and Perspectives The Routledge Handbook of the Psychology of Language Learning and …
Brown’s Fourteen Morphemes
of expression – e.g. Sara’s car or her car, it is difficult to determine an exact age of acquisition. However, the below chart serves as a guide for what is generally anticipated at each stage of …
Treiman, R., Clifton, C., Jr, Meyer, A. S., & Wurm, L. H. (2003
Treiman et al., Psycholinguistics, 6 space to discuss the important field of developmental psycholinguistics, which deals with the acquisition of language by children. Nor will we cover …
Statistical learning and language acquisition
central to understanding how language acquisition proceeds during the first few years of life. In an influential series of studies, Jessica Maye and her colleagues examined how the …
Theoretical Conceptualizations of Pathological Anxiety
the acquisition of new associations that inhibit expression of the old associ-ations in the old structure or as the acquisition of a new fear structure that exists along with old structure (see …
Behaviorist theory on language acquisition - Amazon Web …
psychology in the early decades of the 20th-century by making a particular emphasis on the importance of verbal behavior, and received a considerable trust from the educational world ...
Child Language Acquisition - an Introduction to the Main …
Child Language Acquisition - an Introduction to the Main Theories (CLA) Dan Clayton looks at the theories of CLA and how they relate to practice. The central debate we come across when …
Student teachers’ conceptual knowledge of operant ... - Springer
to promoting the acquisition of conceptual knowledge and positive beliefs about operant conditioning. Keywords Operant conditioning · Case comparison · Instructional guidance · …
Negative Versus Positive Transfer - Wiley Online Library
mentalist perspective. Acquisition and learning were seen as separate processes, acquisition leading to language competence, learning only to explicit knowledge about the target …
1 The Effects of Socio-economic Status on Children’s …
effects of ses on language acquisition and use 11 environmental explanations for differences in language competence the effects of poverty on cognitive and language
Cognitive load theory - David Lewis, PhD
schema acquisition occurs by the development of schema-based production rules, but these production rules may be developed by one of two methods (Anderson, Fincham, & Douglass, …
The Study of Language and Language Acquisition
psychology, and ultimately, biology of human language. ... acquisition of syntax, the acquisition of phonology, and historical ... A few examples illustrate this observation and the challenge it …
Schedules of Reinforcement - touchstoneaba.com
May 2, 2021 · Teaching a new skill (acquisition) A behavior that occurs at a very low frequency Limitations: CRF schedule increases the likelihood of satiation Teaching students to expect …
AA Comparison of Multiple Versus Single Examples of the …
However, across trials multiple examples of both the S+ and the S- were used. In this condition, 10 examples of the S+ and 10 examples of the S-were presented during acquisition. The 10 S …
CHAPTER An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Wiley
outside of psychology that have increased our current understanding of how the mind works. As you can imagine, recent advances in the fi eld of neuroscience currently play ... Cognition, or …
Treiman, R., Clifton, C., Jr, Meyer, A. S., & Wurm, L. H. (2003
Treiman et al., Psycholinguistics, 6 space to discuss the important field of developmental psycholinguistics, which deals with the acquisition of language by children. Nor will we cover …
SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES - Crown Pediatric …
SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES Semantics is the understanding of word meanings and the relationships between words. Children’s semantic development is a gradual process …
1 APA TASK FORCE ON THE ASSESSMENT OF COMPETENCE …
Jan 7, 2005 · background on the need for competence assessment within professional psychology. Our focus then shifts to competency assessment models. Specifically, we offer an …
ADVANCES IN MIXED METHODS RESEARCH - sunjaejung.com
Second Language Acquisition Psychology Family Studies . Problem: Many People are Not Reading the Literature about Mixed Methods to Identify the Latest Thinking . ... • Have …
A Review of Prompt-Fading Procedures: Implications for …
skill acquisition).Thirty-eightarticlesmet the criteria. The inclusioncriteriaforthe first and second stages were also applied to the articles retrieved from the citation and
The Effects of Self-Explanation on Studying Examples and …
examples in acquiring new skills. Examples clearly play a critical role in guiding learning (Sweller, 1988). Students strongly focus on examples in instructional material, and the ways in which …
Explanatory models of illness: A study of within-culture variation
more interested in discovering the witch whom initiated the physical causes. In these examples, acquisition of information about physical causes of illness does not appear to trigger a switch …
Structural Linguistics and its Implication to Language Teaching
acquisition, relationship to other forms of communication” (Hornby, 1980: 494). It means that language science, for example its structure, its mastering, its relation to the forms of other …
CONNECTING THEORY AND PRACTICE: A CONNECTIONIST …
Connectionism, as any other model for second language acquisition, entails implications for the teaching methodology. As Li & Zhao pinpoint, it is only recently that scholars are exploring “the …
BEHAVIORIST THEORY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING - Hacettepe
linguistic intuition, acquisition ofwhich marks the establishment of threshold leveL.Beforeobtaining thethreshold level, thelanguage lear- nerisnotcreative, cannot usethelanguage properly …
CHOMSKYAN COGNITIVISM AND LINGUISTIC: …
(i). Identify the Contributions of Chomsky in Psychology, Cognitivism and Educational Psychology. (ii). Identify Chomsky's Contributions on Psychology of learning as a theory that opposes the …
This historical document is derived from a 1990 APA …
principles, psychology -- together with other disciplines -- can contribute to the betterment of America's schools and the enhancement of the nation's vital human resources. ... Acquisition …
2004 AP Psychology Scoring Guidelines - College Board
2. Do not score the point if a concept or theory (e.g., “imprinting,” “language acquisition theory”) is merely mentioned by name without a description or illustrating example. Point 2: Fluid …
