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| examples of evaluative language: Evaluative Language in Sports John Walsh, David Caldwell, Jon Jureidini, 2024-05-29 Walsh, Caldwell and Jureidini offer an expansive linguistic perspective on the evaluative language prevalent in the world of professional sports. This book presents a close linguistic analysis of evaluative language in sport. Drawing on appraisal theory and data from three distinct sporting contexts – songs and chants in football stadiums, television commentary and coach discourse – it examines the critical role played by affectual, judgemental and appreciative language. In the spirit of sociolinguistics, this book also considers the history and culture of the respective sporting contexts. Connections are made between the evaluative language expressed by supporters, commentators and coaches and the invocation of power and solidarity. Evaluative Language in Sports gives insight into some of the key language practices that contribute to professional sports culture: a communal and combative world of winners and losers, ‘us and ‘them’. An innovative and valuable book that will appeal to students, researchers and sports enthusiasts interested in sports communication and language, sociolinguistics and media studies. |
| examples of evaluative language: Corpus Approaches to Evaluation Susan Hunston, 2010-10-04 Phraseology, as explored in corpus linguistics, is important to the study of evaluative language. Corpus techniques reveal this phraseology and so assist in, for example, identifying modal meaning and intensifying phrases. The patterns identified by corpus techniques can be used in identifying and parsing instances of evaluation. |
| examples of evaluative language: The Language of Evaluation J. Martin, Peter R.R. White, 2007-09-27 This is the first comprehensive account of the Appraisal Framework. The underlying linguistic theory is explained and justified, and the application of this flexible tool, which has been applied to a wide variety of text and discourse analysis issues, is demonstrated throughout by sample text analyses from a range of registers, genres and fields. |
| examples of evaluative language: Evaluating Language Assessments Antony John Kunnan, 2017-07-06 Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Series Editor Preface -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 The Need for Evaluation -- 2 Past Frameworks and Evaluations -- 3 Ethics-Based Approach to Assessment Evaluation -- 4 Building the Fairness and Justice Argument -- 5 Opportunity-to-Learn -- 6 Meaningfulness -- 7 Absence of Bias -- 8 Washback and Consequences -- 9 Advancing Fairness and Justice -- 10 Applications and Implications -- Index |
| examples of evaluative language: Evaluation in Context Geoff Thompson, Laura Alba-Juez, 2014-02-04 It is now an acknowledged fact in the world of linguistics that the concept of evaluation is crucial, and that there is very little – if any – discourse that cannot be analyzed through the prism of its evaluative content. This book presents some of the latest developments in the study of this phenomenon. Released more than a decade later than Hunston and Thompson’s (2000) Evaluation in Text, Evaluation in Context is designed as its sequel, in an attempt to continue, update and extend the different avenues of research opened by the earlier work. Both theoretical and empirical studies on the topic are presented, with the intention of scrutinizing as many of its dimensions as possible, by not only looking at evaluative texts, but also considering the aspects of the discursive context that affect the final evaluative meaning at both the production and reception stages of the evaluative act. The editors’ main objective has been to gather contributions which investigate the manifold faces and phases of evaluation by presenting a wide variety of perspectives that include different linguistic theories (e.g. Axiological Semantics, Functionalism or Politeness Theory), different levels of linguistic description (e.g. phonological, lexical or semantic), and different text types and contexts (e.g. the evaluation found in ironic discourse, the multimodality of media discourse or the world of politics, just to name a few). The volume can be of use not only for scholars who study the evaluative function of language, but also for students who wish to pursue research in the area. |
| examples of evaluative language: Formative Experiences Carol M. Worthman, Paul M. Plotsky, Daniel S. Schechter, Constance A. Cummings, 2010-04-07 The authors explore the formative effects of children's early life experiences, with an emphasis on interactions among neurodevelopmental, behavioural and cultural dynamics. Multidisciplinary case studies focus on specific periods of development during which care giving and other cultural practices have a long-lasting impact on brain and behaviour. |
| examples of evaluative language: Rhetoric in financial discourse Belinda Crawford Camiciottoli, 2013-11-10 Financial disclosure has become a crucial component of corporate communication. Through this process, companies aim to provide information and project an image of trustworthiness in response to on-going ethical concerns in the world of finance. Rhetoric in financial discourse provides new insights into how companies communicate with key stakeholders, not only to boost transparency, but also to attract investment. The book offers an in-depth linguistic analysis of the rhetorical dimension of financial communication. It focuses on two technology-mediated genres which are widely used, yet remain largely unexplored from a rhetorical perspective: earnings presentations and earnings releases. Using an innovative methodological approach, the book shows how corporate speakers and writers use distinctive rhetorical strategies to achieve their professional goals. It includes a practical discussion of how the findings can be exploited to develop state-of-the-art corporate communication courses and to improve the effectiveness of financial disclosure in professional settings. The book contributes to an enhanced understanding of the language of finance, representing a discourse community that involves and impacts the lives of many people around the world. It will be of interest to several communities of practice, including language researchers, discourse analysts, corpus linguists, finance and communication academics, students of business and finance, and professionals of financial communication. Belinda Crawford Camiciottoli is Associate Professor of English Language and Linguistics at the University of Pisa. Her research focuses on business discourse in both academic and corporate settings. She has published in leading journals, including Discourse & Communication, Business Communication Quarterly and English for Specific Purposes. She is the author of The Language of Business Studies Lectures (2007). She has taught business and organizational communication courses for universities based in Italy, the US and the UAE. |
| examples of evaluative language: Monitoring and Evaluation in the Early Years Pennie Akehurst, 2021-05-27 With Ofsted's inspectors raising the bar for quality of teaching and learning in the early years, and the additional level of scrutiny on leadership and management, every practitioner must ensure they have in place a systematic monitoring and evaluation process to regularly assess the effectiveness of their provision. Managers need to be able to demonstrate that staff know why they do what they do, and that the services they provide makes a demonstrable difference to the children. This book shows how to construct a robust monitoring and evaluation framework and provides leaders and managers with an invaluable tool to observe, record and maintain the quality of their provision. |
| examples of evaluative language: An Illustrated Guide to Relativity Tatsu Takeuchi, 2010-09-09 Presents a step-by-step explanation of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity through a series of diagrams rather than equations. |
| examples of evaluative language: Edinburgh Handbook of Evaluative Morphology Nicola Grandi, 2015-06-03 Reviews and debates the latest theoretical approaches to evaluative morphology |
| examples of evaluative language: Thick Evaluation Simon Kirchin, 2017 The descriptions 'good' and 'bad' are examples of thin concepts, as opposed to 'kind' or 'cruel' which are thick concepts. Simon Kirchin provides one of the first full-length studies of the crucial distinction between 'thin' and 'thick' concepts, which is fundamental to many debates in ethics, aesthetics and epistemology |
| examples of evaluative language: Pattern Grammar Susan Hunston, Gill Francis, 2000 This book describes an approach to lexis and grammar based on the concept of phraseology and of language patterning arising from work on large corpora. The notion of 'pattern' as a systematic way of dealing with the interface between lexis and grammar was used in Collins Cobuild English Dictionary (1995) and in the two books in the Collins Cobuild Grammar Patterns series (1996; 1998). This volume describes the research that led to these publications, and explores the theoretical and practical implications of the research. The first chapter sets the work in the context of work on phraseology. The next two chapters give several examples of patterns and how they are identified. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss and exemplify the association of pattern and meaning. Chapters 6, 7 and 8 relate the concept of pattern to traditional approaches to grammar and to discourse. Chapter 9 summarizes the book and adds to the theoretical discussion, as well as indicating the applications of this approach to language teaching. The volume is intended to contribute to the current debate concerning how corpora challenge existing linguistic theories, and as such will be of interest to researchers in the fields of grammar, lexis, discourse and corpus linguistics. It is written in an accessible style, however, and will be equally suitable for students taking courses in those areas. |
| examples of evaluative language: Language Testing and Evaluation Desmond Allison, 1999 This book brings together two related fields - language testing and language programme evaluation - in a way that no single introductory text has done, and seeks to encourage closer relations between the two in both academic curricula and professional practice. It introduces readers not just to basic concepts, but to some of the major social, educational and research concerns and activities that characterise language testing and evaluation. The book can serve either as a basic text for a taught course, or for self-study. All chapters include suggestions for further reading, and discussions frequently point towards possible explorations in classroom research and practice. A glossary of key concepts and a select annotated bibliography are provided. The book addresses the language teaching profession generally as well as students of applied linguistics and English language teaching. |
| examples of evaluative language: Language Stephen Everson, 1994-07-07 This book is concerned to expound and analyse ancient theories of language. |
| examples of evaluative language: Assessing the Language of TV Political Interviews Gianmarco Vignozzi, 2019-06-10 This book presents a thorough quantitative and qualitative, corpus-assisted investigation of the language employed in a specialized communicative activity type: namely, the political interview aired on British and American Sunday morning talk shows. More specifically, interviewers’ and interviewees’ turns are analyzed here so as to unveil the stratification of discourses characterizing their speech, which inevitably favours the proliferation of a mixture of different lexico-grammatical traits and pragmatic functions. Previous studies in this field mainly adopt a conversation analysis approach, thus focusing on turn allocation and organization. This book adds a different perspective by resorting to a combination of corpus-driven and corpus-based techniques in the study of a specifically designed corpus of contemporary TV political interviews, the result being a comprehensive investigation of the genre. The analysis tackles both specialized language aspects and variation between spoken and written English in the genre at stake. Throughout the study, linguistic forms are associated, when relevant, with their pragmatic functions in context, bringing to the fore, for example, differences between the ways in which interviewers and interviewees interact with each other and with the audience. Particular emphasis is also placed on salient distinguishing traits characterizing American and British interviews. |
| examples of evaluative language: How To Do Things With Logic C. Grant Luckhardt, William Bechtel, Grant Luckhardt, 2014-02-25 In the past 15 years a host of critical thinking books have appeared that teach students to find flaws in the arguments of others by learning to detect a number of informal fallacies. This book is not in that tradition. The authors of this book believe that while students learn to become vicious critics, they still continue to make the very mistakes they criticize in others. Thus, this book has adopted the approach of teaching the construction of good arguments first and then introducing criticism as a secondary skill. Moreover, the emphasis of the book is not on learning to name fallacies, but on being able to identify weaknesses in an argument so as to be able to construct an effective critique of that argument. The book is accompanied by a workbook featuring a wealth of examples to help students acquire the material. |
| examples of evaluative language: Paul and Ancient Rhetoric Stanley E. Porter, Bryan R. Dyer, 2016-02-24 In this volume, major international scholars examine ancient rhetoric's role in understanding Paul and his writings within his Hellenistic context. |
| examples of evaluative language: Drunk on Capitalism. An Interdisciplinary Reflection on Market Economy, Art and Science Robrecht Vanderbeeken, Frederik Le Roy, Christel Stalpaert, Diederik AERTS, 2011-09-28 The book presents an interdisciplinary collection of analyses that discuss the impact of market economy on our culture in the post-Berlin Wall era. It contains two parts. The first focuses on the commercialisation of science and education. The second elaborates on the multiple and diverse relation between art and capital. |
| examples of evaluative language: Philosophical Papers: Volume 1, Human Agency and Language Charles Taylor, 1985-03-28 Philosophical Papers will interest a very wide range of philosophers and students of the human sciences. |
| examples of evaluative language: Academic Culture Jean Brick, Maria Herke, Deanna Wong, 2020-08-11 Academic Culture introduces students to the demands of university study in a clear and accessible way, and helps them understand what is expected of them. Chapters equip students with the skills to recognise opinions, positions and bias in academic texts from a range of genres, think critically, develop their own 'voice', and refer to others' ideas in an appropriate way. Having established a foundation for successful university study, the final part provides guidance on approaching different forms of academic writing, including essays, reports, reflective assignments and exam papers. Featuring helpful 'word lists', examples, 'think about this' reflective prompts and 'skills practice' activities in each chapter, this bestselling book is an essential resource for all students new to university-level study. New to this Edition: - Contains three new chapters on reflective writing, writing lab reports, and writing in exams - Features additional material on paraphrasing and summarizing - Includes a new section on creating and maintaining an e-portfolio - New 'think about this' feature |
| examples of evaluative language: Corpus Applications in Applied Linguistics Ken Hyland, Meng Huat Chau, Michael Handford, 2012-04-19 Corpus linguistics is one of the most exciting approaches to studies in applied linguistics today. From its quantitative beginnings it has grown to become an essential aspect of research methodology in a range of fields, often combining with text analysis, CDA, pragmatics and organizational studies to reveal important new insights about how language works. This volume captures some of the most stimulating and significant developments in the field, including chapters on language teaching, institutional and professional discourse, English as an International Language, translation, forensics and media studies. As a result it goes beyond traditional, limited presentations of corpus work and shows how corpora inform a diverse and growing number of applied linguistic domains. |
| examples of evaluative language: Task-Based Language Teaching Rod Ellis, Peter Skehan, Shaofeng Li, Natsuko Shintani, Craig Lambert, 2020 A comprehensive account of the research and practice of task-based language teaching. |
| examples of evaluative language: Philosophy of Evaluation Ernest R. House, 1983 |
| examples of evaluative language: The Construction of Discourse as Verbal Interaction María de los Ángeles Gómez González, J. Lachlan Mackenzie, 2018-09-20 This edited volume showcases new work on discourse analysis by big names in the field and promising early-career researchers. Arising from the latest in the series of IWoDA workshops in Santiago de Compostela, it provides novel insights into both the explicit and the implicit characteristics of discourse as used in verbal interaction. Discourse markers, as their name indicates, are among the explicit signals of coherence, while discourse relations may be either explicit or implicit. Similarly, the discourse used for purposes of evaluation, stance-taking and interpersonal engagement is either overt or covert, as is also true of the expression of emotions and empathy. This, in general terms, is the challenging terrain into which the contributors to this volume have ventured. The book combines theoretical issues with a practical orientation, comparing languages, analysing different registers, studying the openings of Skype conversations, and much more besides; it will prove highly relevant for postgraduate and advanced practitioners of discourse analysis, interaction studies, semantics and pragmatics. |
| examples of evaluative language: Language Power Margo Gottlieb, Mariana Castro, 2017-03-14 Here, at last, is every K-8 teacher’s playbook on the critical role academic language plays in content learning and student achievement. What exactly is so different? Margo Gottlieb and Mariana Castro distill the complexities of language learning into four key uses through which students can probe the interplay between language and content, then demonstrate their knowledge and understanding. It’s as straight-forward as that. |
| examples of evaluative language: Pig the Elf (Pig the Pug) Aaron Blabey, 2018-01-30 From the award-winning creator of Pig the Pug comes another laugh-out-loud book, filled with holiday cheer! No one loves Christmas more than Pig. And the world's greediest pug will stay up all night to get his presents! When Pig yips at Santa and finds himself joining in on the flying sleigh ride, things quickly get out of hand in a way that is pure Pig pandemonium. |
| examples of evaluative language: Words and Phrases Michael Stubbs, 2001-10-08 This book fills a gap in studies of meaning by providing detailed case studies of attested corpus data on the meanings of words and phrases. |
| examples of evaluative language: War, Mobility, Displacement and Their Impact on Higher Education Enakshi Sengupta, 2024-07-22 Collating case studies that exemplify effective practices for accommodating students and academics in exile, this volume is a timely examination of a critical challenge and all it promises to overcome. |
| examples of evaluative language: English Composition Ann Inoshita, Karyl Garland, Kate Sims, 2019-05-31 This OER textbook has been designed for students to learn the foundational concepts for English 100 (first-year college composition). The content aligns to learning outcomes across all campuses in the University of Hawai'i system. It was designed, written, and edited during a three day book sprint in May, 2019. |
| examples of evaluative language: New Directions for Program Evaluation , 1983 |
| examples of evaluative language: Normative Externalism Brian Weatherson, 2019-03-20 Normative Externalism argues that it is not important that people live up to their own principles. What matters, in both ethics and epistemology, is that they live up to the correct principles: that they do the right thing, and that they believe rationally. This stance, that what matters are the correct principles, not one's own principles, has implications across ethics and epistemology. In ethics, it undermines the ideas that moral uncertainty should be treated just like factual uncertainty, that moral ignorance frequently excuses moral wrongdoing, and that hypocrisy is a vice. In epistemology, it suggests we need new treatments of higher-order evidence, and of peer disagreement, and of circular reasoning, and the book suggests new approaches to each of these problems. Although the debates in ethics and in epistemology are often conducted separately, putting them in one place helps bring out their common themes. One common theme is that the view that one should live up to one's own principles looks less attractive when people have terrible principles, or when following their own principles would lead to riskier or more aggressive action than the correct principles. Another common theme is that asking people to live up to their principles leads to regresses. It can be hard to know what action or belief complies with one's principles. And now we can ask, in such a case should a person do what they think their principles require, or what their principles actually require? Both answers lead to problems, and the best way to avoid these problems is to simply say people should follow the correct principles. |
| examples of evaluative language: Developing Materials for Language Teaching Brian Tomlinson, 2023-07-27 Viewing current developments in materials development through the eyes of developers, users and researchers from all over the world, this book applies principles to practice. It provides a comprehensive coverage of the main aspects and issues in the field as well as critical overviews of recent developments in materials development, and acts as a stimulus for innovation. Now revised and updated to take account of developments over the last decade, this 3rd edition features: - 8 new chapters, covering materials use, blended learning, multimodality, intercultural competence, communicative competence, the practical realisation of theoretical principles in the development of digital materials, the teaching of right to left languages and the commodification of grammar. - Fully updated chapters with contemporary examples and considering teaching second and foreign languages other than English. - New pedagogical resources, with the addition of tasks and further readings for each chapter. - New online resources, 2 new chapters on producing videos on teacher development courses and materials development on teacher training courses and 2 updated chapters on development courses for teachers and simulations in teacher development, alongside a range of additional tasks and further reading suggestions. |
| examples of evaluative language: Assessing the Viva in Higher Education Stephen Dobson, 2017-08-24 This book makes the case for a revival in interest in the viva. As an oral assessment of a treatise or dissertation or of a student’s performance in art or dance the viva has a long history dating back to the time of the Greeks. It can be found today in the form of professional, vocational and academic vivas, where a judgment of oral performance is required to gain entry into a profession or community of scholars. In a time when there are scandals about students selling essays to other students, the viva provides a fertile ground for probing the student to see whether they are in fact the authors of the work being assessed and know its content and how to think cognitively or otherwise. Given that we actually know so little about the viva, the book theorises the viva based on a unique sample of vivas that have been filmed or in which the author himself has been participant, and discusses why its format is so different in Anglo-Saxon languages and Latin and other languages. The book offers educational policy-makers and examiners a trade-off between arguments in support of the viva and the demand for other, ever more cost-effective forms of assessment as the numbers of both undergraduate and postgraduate students threaten to increase. It also argues that with demand in the labour market for qualified graduates who are better equipped with transferable skills, such as the ability to communicate complex ideas verbally in a competent, well-argued fashion and not merely through the use of rhetoric, what appear to be cost-effective forms of assessment in the short run (e.g. written exams with standardised questions or multiple choice) may actually in the long run be of less value if we are investing in a future workforce with so-called 21st century communication skills. If the viva were abandoned, the student would be robbed of the opportunity to stage a defence. |
| examples of evaluative language: Towards a neuroscience of social interaction Ulrich Pfeiffer, Bert Timmermans, Kai Vogeley, Chris Frith, Leonhard Schilbach, The burgeoning field of social neuroscience has begun to illuminate the complex biological bases of human social cognitive abilities. However, in spite of being based on the premise of investigating the neural bases of interacting minds, the majority of studies have focused on studying brains in isolation using paradigms that investigate offline social cognition, i.e. social cognition from a detached observer's point of view, asking study participants to read out the mental states of others without being engaged in interaction with them. Consequently, the neural correlates of real-time social interaction have remained elusive and may —paradoxically— represent the 'dark matter' of social neuroscience. More recently, a growing number of researchers have begun to study online social cognition, i.e. social cognition from a participant's point of view, based on the assumption that there is something fundamentally different when we are actively engaged with others in real-time social interaction as compared to when we merely observe them. Whereas, for offline social cognition, interaction and feedback are merely a way of gathering data about the other person that feeds into processing algorithms 'inside’ the agent, it has been proposed that in online social cognition the knowledge of the other —at least in part— resides in the interaction dynamics ‘between’ the agents. Furthermore being a participant in an ongoing interaction may entail a commitment toward being responsive created by important differences in the motivational foundations of online and offline social cognition. In order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of online social cognition, this Frontiers Research Topic aims at bringing together contributions from researchers in social neuroscience and related fields, whose work involves the study of at least two individuals and sometimes two brains, rather than single individuals and brains responding to a social context. Specifically, this Research Topic will adopt an interdisciplinary perspective on what it is that separates online from offline social cognition and the putative differences in the recruitment of underlying processes and mechanisms. Here, an important focal point will be to address the various roles of social interaction in contributing to and —at times— constituting our awareness of other minds. For this Research Topic, we, therefore, solicit reviews, original research articles, opinion and method papers, which address the investigation of social interaction and go beyond traditional concepts and ways of experimentation in doing so. While focusing on work in the neurosciences, this Research Topic also welcomes contributions in the form of behavioral studies, psychophysiological investigations, methodological innovations, computational approaches, developmental and patient studies. By focusing on cutting-edge research in social neuroscience and related fields, this Frontiers Research Topic will create new insights concerning the neurobiology of social interaction and holds the promise of helping social neuroscience to really go social. |
| examples of evaluative language: Languages and Social Cohesion Gabriela Meier, Simone Smala, 2021-08-29 A critical and systematic review of existing research located at the crossroads of sociology, social psychology and applied linguistics, Languages and Social Cohesion offers valuable insights for social contexts in which decision makers and researchers grapple with questions of social cohesion in the presence of linguistic diversity. Based on a thematic analysis of 285 studies from 50 countries (references available), this book emphasises the crucial role languages play in understanding social cohesion and provides a framework of perspectives to aid exploration of these complex interlinkages. Through interpreting the literature, the authors establish language repertoires as tools that facilitate social networks and access to resources. Furthermore, language norms and allegiances can subjectively shape the way groups use their language resources, which can result in social inclusion, exclusion and mediation between language groups. Education in particular is highlighted as a policy tool that implements linguistic decisions and norms, and steers status, hierarchies and distribution of languages in society. The theory-informed and accessible tools featured can be used to guide and inform further research, workshops or projects that investigate social cohesion and languages. This book is relevant to diverse and intersecting spheres of influence, such as groups, communities, institutions and authorities at local, regional, national and international levels. |
| examples of evaluative language: Pig the Pug Aaron Blabey, 2018-01-30 A hilarious book about learning to share from the much-loved, award-winning author and illustrator Aaron Blabey. Pig is a greedy and selfish Pug. He has all the bouncy balls, bones, and chew toys a dog could ever want, yet he refuses to share with his poor friend, Trevor. Little does he know, however, that being greedy has its consquences. Join Pig as he learns to share -- the hard way!Young readers will love the irresistbly quirky and funny illustrations that are paired with a relatable lesson of learning to share with others. For dog and pet lovers everywhere. |
| examples of evaluative language: Evaluation in Text : Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse Susan Hunston, Geoffrey Thompson, 2000-02-24 A crucial aspect of any discourse is what the writer or speaker thinks about his/her topic - in other words, how the writer or speaker evaluates the topic. Evaluation in Text brings together work from many different perspectives, providing a unique profile of this important topic which will be essential reading for any student or researcher of Discourse Analysis. - ;This is an accessible and wide-ranging account of current research in one of the most central aspects of discourse analsysis: evalution in and of written and spoken language. Evalution is the broad cover term for the expression of a speakers - or writers - attitudes, feelings, and values. It covers areas sometimes referred to as stance, modality, affect or appraisal. Evaluation (a) expresses the speakers opinion and thus reflects the value-system of that person and their community; (b) constructs relations between speaker and hearer (or writer and reader); (c) plays a key role in how discourse is organized. Every act of evalution expresses and contributes to a communal value-system, which in turn is a component of the ideology that lies behind every written or spoken text. Conceptually, evaluation is comparative, subjective, and value-laden. In linguistic terms it may be analysed lexically, grammatically, and textually. These themes and perspectives are richly exemplified in the chapters of this book, by authors aware and observant of the fact that processes of linguistic analysis are themselves inherently evaluative. The editors open the book by introducing the field and provide separate, contextual introductions to each chapter. They have also collated the references into one list, itself a valuable research guide. The exemplary perspectives and analyses presented by the authors will be of central interest to everyone concerned with the analysis of discourse, whether as students of language, literature, or communication. They also have much to offer students of politics and culture. The editors open the book by introducing the field and provide separate, contextual introductions to each chapter. They have also collated the references into one list, itself a valuable research guide. The exemplary perspectives and analyses presented by the authors will be of central interest to everyone concerned with the analysis of discourse, whether as students of language, literature, or communication. They also have much to offer students of politics and culture. - |
| examples of evaluative language: The Analytic Tradition in Philosophy, Volume 2 Scott Soames, 2017-11-28 An in-depth history of the linguistic turn in analytic philosophy, from a leading philosopher of language This is the second of five volumes of a definitive history of analytic philosophy from the invention of modern logic in 1879 to the end of the twentieth century. Scott Soames, a leading philosopher of language and historian of analytic philosophy, provides the fullest and most detailed account of the analytic tradition yet published, one that is unmatched in its chronological range, topics covered, and depth of treatment. Focusing on the major milestones and distinguishing them from detours, Soames gives a seminal account of where the analytic tradition has been and where it appears to be heading. Volume 2 provides an intensive account of the new vision in analytical philosophy initiated by Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, its assimilation by the Vienna Circle of Moritz Schlick and Rudolf Carnap, and the subsequent flowering of logical empiricism. With this “linguistic turn,” philosophical analysis became philosophy itself, and the discipline’s stated aim was transformed from advancing philosophical theories to formalizing, systematizing, and unifying science. In addition to exploring the successes and failures of philosophers who pursued this vision, the book describes how the philosophically minded logicians Kurt Gödel, Alfred Tarski, Alonzo Church, and Alan Turing discovered the scope and limits of logic and developed the mathematical theory of computation that ushered in the digital era. The book’s account of this pivotal period closes with a searching examination of the struggle to preserve ethical normativity in a scientific age. |
| examples of evaluative language: English for Diplomatic Purposes Patricia Friedrich, 2016-05-19 English is used in diplomatic contexts worldwide, including in situations where none of the interlocutors are native-speakers. This ground-breaking volume brings together the perspectives of researchers and practitioners to discuss the needs of those using and learning English for Diplomatic Purposes. Chapter authors use concepts from sociolinguistics, World Englishes, Peace Linguistics and English as a Lingua Franca. Combined with this theoretical background is a pragmatic understanding of the work of diplomacy and the realities of communication, as well as exercises designed to help students, teachers and practicing diplomats reflect on, and develop, their language use. This book represents an important first step in the opening-up of English for Diplomatic Purposes as a distinct field of study and learning, and as such will be required reading for those working and studying in this area. |
| examples of evaluative language: Automated Essay Scoring Beata Beigman Klebanov, Nitin Madnani, 2021-11-12 This book discusses the state of the art of automated essay scoring, its challenges and its potential. One of the earliest applications of artificial intelligence to language data (along with machine translation and speech recognition), automated essay scoring has evolved to become both a revenue-generating industry and a vast field of research, with many subfields and connections to other NLP tasks. In this book, we review the developments in this field against the backdrop of Elias Page's seminal 1966 paper titled The Imminence of Grading Essays by Computer. Part 1 establishes what automated essay scoring is about, why it exists, where the technology stands, and what are some of the main issues.In Part 2, the book presents guided exercises to illustrate how one would go about building and evaluating a simple automated scoring system, while Part 3 offers readers a survey of the literature on different types of scoring models, the aspects of essay quality studied in prior research, and the implementation and evaluation of a scoring engine. Part 4 offers a broader view of the field inclusive of some neighboring areas, and Part \ref{part5} closes with summary and discussion. This book grew out of a week-long course on automated evaluation of language production at the North American Summer School for Logic, Language, and Information (NASSLLI), attended by advanced undergraduates and early-stage graduate students from a variety of disciplines. Teachers of natural language processing, in particular, will find that the book offers a useful foundation for a supplemental module on automated scoring. Professionals and students in linguistics, applied linguistics, educational technology, and other related disciplines will also find the material here useful. |
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Examples - Apache ECharts
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Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 …
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