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| examples of groupthink in history: Victims of Groupthink Irving Lester Janis, 1972 Janis identifies the causes and fateful consequences of groupthink, the process that takes over when decision-making bodies agree for the sake of agreeing to abandon their critical judgment. |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Complete Idiot's Guide to Motivational Leadership Scott Snair, 2007 You're no idiot. You know that motivating groups to work together is no easy task. This is true whether you're leading a group of Little Leaguers or a project team of professionals. Yet you're often left wondering what you could do to really show them how to blow away the competition or what others have that you don't. Never fear! While leadership may come easier to some than to others, it's definitely a skill that can be learned. And now The Complete Idiot's Guide to Motivational Leadership can show you how! |
| examples of groupthink in history: Dark Persuasion Joel E. Dimsdale, 2021-08-10 A harrowing account of brainwashing’s pervasive role in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries This gripping book traces the evolution of brainwashing from its beginnings in torture and religious conversion into the age of neuroscience and social media. When Pavlov introduced scientific approaches, his research was enthusiastically supported by Lenin and Stalin, setting the stage for major breakthroughs in tools for social, political, and religious control. Tracing these developments through many of the past century’s major conflagrations, Dimsdale narrates how when World War II erupted, governments secretly raced to develop drugs for interrogation. Brainwashing returned to the spotlight during the Cold War in the hands of the North Koreans and Chinese. In response, a huge Manhattan Project of the Mind was established to study memory obliteration, indoctrination during sleep, and hallucinogens. Cults used the techniques as well. Nobel laureates, university academics, intelligence operatives, criminals, and clerics all populate this shattering and dark story—one that hasn’t yet ended. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Wiser Cass R. Sunstein, Reid Hastie, 2015 We've all been involved in group decisions--and they're hard. And they often turn out badly. Why? Many blame bad decisions on 'groupthink' without a clear idea of what that term really means. Now, Nudge coauthor Cass Sunstein and leading decision-making scholar Reid Hastie shed light on the specifics of why and how group decisions go wrong--and offer tactics and lessons to help leaders avoid the pitfalls and reach better outcomes--Dust jacket flap. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Groupthink Irving Lester Janis, 1983 |
| examples of groupthink in history: Industrial/Organizational Psychology Paul Levy, 2009-07-03 The third edition of this acclaimed text introduces students to the psychological factors active in the workplace, including the psychology of the workforce, employee health and well-being, organizational behavior, motivation, human resources, and various dynamics of work interaction. |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Director's Manual Peter C. Browning, William L. Sparks, 2016-01-19 Directors: Improve Board Performance The Director's Manual: A Framework for Board Governance offers current and aspiring board members essential up-to-date governance guidance that blends rigorous research-based information with the wisdom found only through practical, direct experience. The book's flexible approach to solving governance issues reflects the authors' belief that no two boards and the cultural dynamics that drive them are the same. As such, the advice offered reflects recognizable leadership dynamics and real world, relevant organizational situations. The book's two authors, Peter C. Browning, an experienced CEO and member of numerous boards and William L. Sparks, a respected organizational researcher, combine their individual experiences and talents to create a book that is both innovative and applicable to directors in any industry sector. Specific best practice guidance is designed to help board members and their directors understand the unique strengths and challenges of their own board while at the same time provide targeted information that drives needed improvements in board performance and efficiency. Specifically, this book will help board members: Explore practical advice on key issues, including selection, meeting schedules, and director succession Consider board performance from multiple perspectives, including cultural and group dynamics Discover how to effectively manage classic problems that arise when making decisions as a group Access a comprehensive set of assessment questions to test and reinforce your knowledge The Director's Manual: A Framework for Board Governance offers practical advice to guide you as you lead your organization's board. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Reading Like a Historian Sam Wineburg, Daisy Martin, Chauncey Monte-Sano, 2015-04-26 This practical resource shows you how to apply Sam Wineburgs highly acclaimed approach to teaching, Reading Like a Historian, in your middle and high school classroom to increase academic literacy and spark students curiosity. Chapters cover key moments in American history, beginning with exploration and colonization and ending with the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
| examples of groupthink in history: History of Psychology Edward P. Kardas, 2022-08-30 History of Psychology: The Making of a Science gives students a vast overview of the major aspects of psychological science throughout history, making connections between the early understandings of human behavior with our current understandings and interpretations of psychological research. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Disputed Decisions of World War II Mark Thompson, 2020-01-17 A former Harvard professor of decision science and game theory draws on those disciplines in this review of controversial strategic and tactical decisions of World War II. Allied leaders--although outstanding in many ways--sometimes botched what now is termed meta-decision making or deciding how to decide. Operation Jubilee, a single-division raid on Dieppe, France, in August 1942, for example, illustrated the pitfalls of groupthink. In the Allied invasion of North Africa three months later, American and British leaders fell victim to the planning fallacy: having unrealistically rosy expectations of an easy victory. In Sicily in the summer of 1943, they violated the millennia-old principle of command unity--now re-endorsed and elaborated on by modern theorists. Had Allied strategists understood the game theory of bluffing, in January 1944 they might well not have landed two-plus divisions at Anzio in Italy. |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Handbook of Attitudes Dolores Albarracin, Blair T. Johnson, Mark P. Zanna, 2014-04-04 This new handbook presents, synthesizes, and integrates the existing knowledge of methods, theories, and data in attitudes. The editors' goal is to promote an understanding of the broader principles underlying attitudes across several disciplines. Divided into three parts: one on definitions and methods; another on the relations of attitudes with beliefs, behavior, and affect; and a final one that integrates these relations into the broader areas of cognitive processes, communication and persuasion, social influence, and applications, the handbook also features an innovative chapter on implicit versus explicit attitudes. With contributions from the top specialists, this handbook features unique collaborations between researchers, some who have never before worked together. Every writer was encouraged to work from as unbiased a perspective as possible. A must have for researchers in the areas of social, political, health, clinical, counseling, and consumer psychology, marketing, and communication, the handbook will also serve as an excellent reference for advanced courses on attitudes in a variety of departments. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Groupthink Christopher Booker, 2024-09-10 The final book by celebrated columnist and bestselling author Christopher Booker. |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Organization Man William H. Whyte, 2013-05-31 Regarded as one of the most important sociological and business commentaries of modern times, The Organization Man developed the first thorough description of the impact of mass organization on American society. During the height of the Eisenhower administration, corporations appeared to provide a blissful answer to postwar life with the marketing of new technologies—television, affordable cars, space travel, fast food—and lifestyles, such as carefully planned suburban communities centered around the nuclear family. William H. Whyte found this phenomenon alarming. As an editor for Fortune magazine, Whyte was well placed to observe corporate America; it became clear to him that the American belief in the perfectibility of society was shifting from one of individual initiative to one that could be achieved at the expense of the individual. With its clear analysis of contemporary working and living arrangements, The Organization Man rapidly achieved bestseller status. Since the time of the book's original publication, the American workplace has undergone massive changes. In the 1990s, the rule of large corporations seemed less relevant as small entrepreneurs made fortunes from new technologies, in the process bucking old corporate trends. In fact this new economy appeared to have doomed Whyte's original analysis as an artifact from a bygone day. But the recent collapse of so many startup businesses, gigantic mergers of international conglomerates, and the reality of economic globalization make The Organization Man all the more essential as background for understanding today's global market. This edition contains a new foreword by noted journalist and author Joseph Nocera. In an afterword Jenny Bell Whyte describes how The Organization Man was written. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Nonprofit Investment and Development Solutions, + Website Roger Matloff, Joy Hunter Chaillou, 2013-02-11 Solid guidance for managers and trustees to better position their nonprofits now and in the future The Great Recession has left a paradigm shift for nonprofit leadership and their board members as fiduciaries. It has changed how boards make, evaluate and document investment decisions, the risks they are willing to take and the way these details are communicated to donors. Nonprofit Investment and Development Solutions + Website will provide solid guidance for nonprofit leadership, staff and volunteers to better position their nonprofits to thrive now and in the future. This guide will provide: Sophisticated investment and development principles that are easily understandable and adaptable Specific steps to take in order to avoid unnecessary investment risk and secure financial stability Solutions and techniques for capitalizing on opportunities created by funding shifts and evolving donor expectations Principles and practices of fiduciary responsibility, behavioral finance, socially responsible investing, strategic development planning and charity efficiency In addition, Nonprofit Investment and Development Solutions + Website offers a web site resource with a variety of online tools and templates to help readers implement key concepts discussed in this book. |
| examples of groupthink in history: 21st Century Psychology: A Reference Handbook Stephen F. Davis, William Buskist, 2008 Highlights the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates in the field of psychology. Provides material of interest for students from all corners of psychological studies, whether their interests be in the biological, cognitive, developmental, social, or clinical arenas. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Do Facts Matter? Jennifer L. Hochschild, Katherine Levine Einstein, 2015-01-20 A democracy falters when most of its citizens are uninformed or misinformed, when misinformation affects political decisions and actions, or when political actors foment misinformation—the state of affairs the United States faces today, as this timely book makes painfully clear. In Do Facts Matter? Jennifer L. Hochschild and Katherine Levine Einstein start with Thomas Jefferson’s ideal citizen, who knows and uses correct information to make policy or political choices. What, then, the authors ask, are the consequences if citizens are informed but do not act on their knowledge? More serious, what if they do act, but on incorrect information? Analyzing the use, nonuse, and misuse of facts in various cases—such as the call to impeach Bill Clinton, the response to global warming, Clarence Thomas’s appointment to the Supreme Court, the case for invading Iraq, beliefs about Barack Obama’s birthplace and religion, and the Affordable Care Act—Hochschild and Einstein argue persuasively that errors of commission (that is, acting on falsehoods) are even more troublesome than errors of omission. While citizens’ inability or unwillingness to use the facts they know in their political decision making may be frustrating, their acquisition and use of incorrect “knowledge” pose a far greater threat to a democratic political system. Do Facts Matter? looks beyond individual citizens to the role that political elites play in informing, misinforming, and encouraging or discouraging the use of accurate or mistaken information or beliefs. Hochschild and Einstein show that if a well-informed electorate remains a crucial component of a successful democracy, the deliberate concealment of political facts poses its greatest threat. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Annals of Gullibility Stephen Greenspan, 2008-12-30 The first book to provide a comprehensive look at the problem of gullibility, this groundbreaking work covers how and why we are fooled in areas that range from religion, politics, science, and medicine, to personal finance and relationships. First laying the groundwork by showing gullibility at play in the writings of historic authors we all know, developmental psychologist Stephen Greenspan follows with chapters that describe social duping across the gamut of human conduct. From people who pour bucks into investment scams, to those who follow the faith of scientologists, believe in fortunetellers, or champion unfounded medicine akin to snake oil, we all know someone who has been duped. A lot of us have been duped ourselves, out of naive trust. It's not a matter of low intelligence that moves us to, without evidence, believe the words of politicians, salesmen, academics, lawyers, military figures, or cult leaders, among others. Greenspan shows us the four broad reasons we become drawn into gullible behavior, and he presents ways people can become less gullible. Greenspan takes us into the vast realm of gullibility from the fictional Pied Piper to the historical Trojan Horse, then through modern-day military maneuvers, political untruths, police and criminal justice scams, and financial and love lies. While there have been earlier books focused on liars and manipulators of all sorts, this is the first to focus on the gullible who are their victims, and how the gullible can become less likely to be taken again. |
| examples of groupthink in history: State of Denial Bob Woodward, 2007-09-03 After two #1 New York Times bestsellers on the Bush administrations wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Woodwards latest book on the Bush White House again provides an unparalleled, intimate account of the present state of national security decision-making. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Economic and Financial Analysis for Criminal Justice Organizations Daniel Adrian Doss, William H. Sumrall III, David H. McElreath, Don W. Jones, 2013-10-28 From small law offices to federal agencies, all entities within the justice system are governed by complicated economic factors and face daily financial decision-making. A complement to Strategic Finance for Criminal Justice Organizations, this volume considers the justice system from a variety of economic and financial perspectives and introduces quantitative methods designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations in both the non-profit and for-profit sectors. Using only a minimum of theory, Economic and Financial Analysis for Criminal Justice Organizations demonstrates how to make decisions in the justice system using multiple financial and economic models. Designed for readers with little knowledge of advanced mathematics, quantitative analysis, or spreadsheets, the book presents examples using straightforward, step-by-step processes with Excel and Linux Calc spreadsheet software. A variety of different types of decisions are considered, ranging from municipal bond issuance and valuation necessary for public revenues, pension planning, capital investment, determining the best use of monies toward construction projects, and other resource planning, allocation, and forecasting issues. From municipalities and police departments to for-profit prisons and security firms, the quantitative methods presented are designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of all organizations in the justice domain. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Pearl Harbor Roberta Wohlstetter, 1962 This account of the Pearl Harbor attack denies that the lack of preparation resulted from military negligence or a political plot |
| examples of groupthink in history: The McDonaldization of Society George Ritzer, 2018-01-12 The author is a proud sponsor of the 2020 SAGE Keith Roberts Teaching Innovations Award—enabling graduate students and early career faculty to attend the annual ASA pre-conference teaching and learning workshop. The book that made McDonaldization part of the lexicon of contemporary sociological theory, read by hundreds of thousands of students, is now in its Ninth Edition! George Ritzer′s seminal work of critical sociology, The McDonaldization of Society, continues to stand as one of the pillars of modern day sociological thought. Building on the argument that the fast food restaurant has become the model for the rationalization process today, this book links theory to contemporary life in a globalized world and resonates with students in a way that few other books do. Ritzer opens students’ eyes to many current issues and shows how McDonaldization’s principles apply to other settings, especially in the areas of consumption and globalization. This new edition has been significantly reoriented to reflect our experience of McDonaldization in the world of online consumption. New to this Edition Examines how retailers like Amazon represent a new era of datafication, the transformation of vast amounts of information into quantifiable data. Discusses how the digital world has almost unlimited potential to turn consumers into prosumers doing volunteer work formerly done by paid employees. This edition is more streamlined than previous editions to sharpen its argument and message, and make it more useable as a secondary reading in a wide range of courses |
| examples of groupthink in history: 傳播理論 安姆 A.·葛利分, 2003 |
| examples of groupthink in history: Special Duty Richard J. Samuels, 2019-10-15 The prewar history of the Japanese intelligence community demonstrates how having power over much, but insight into little can have devastating consequences. Its postwar history—one of limited Japanese power despite growing insight—has also been problematic for national security. In Special Duty Richard J. Samuels dissects the fascinating history of the intelligence community in Japan. Looking at the impact of shifts in the strategic environment, technological change, and past failures, he probes the reasons why Japan has endured such a roller-coaster ride when it comes to intelligence gathering and analysis, and concludes that the ups and downs of the past century—combined with growing uncertainties in the regional security environment—have convinced Japanese leaders of the critical importance of striking balance between power and insight. Using examples of excessive hubris and debilitating bureaucratic competition before the Asia-Pacific War, the unavoidable dependence on US assets and popular sensitivity to security issues after World War II, and the tardy adoption of image-processing and cyber technologies, Samuels' bold book highlights the century-long history of Japan's struggles to develop a fully functioning and effective intelligence capability, and makes clear that Japanese leaders have begun to reinvent their nation's intelligence community. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Beyond Groupthink Paul 't Hart, Eric Stern, Bengt Sundelius, 1997-04-14 DIVEffects of group dynamics on decision making /div |
| examples of groupthink in history: Strategic Finance for Criminal Justice Organizations Daniel Adrian Doss, William H. Sumrall III, Don W. Jones, 2017-09-20 Traditionally, the study of financial decision making in law enforcement and criminal justice entities has been approached from the perspective of tax revenues and budgeting that focus only on the past and present. Capital investments of cash flow provide future benefits to all organizations, and among courses in business administration, these noti |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Wisdom of Crowds James Surowiecki, 2005-08-16 In this fascinating book, New Yorker business columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea: Large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliant—better at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future. With boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, behavioral economics, artificial intelligence, military history, and politics to show how this simple idea offers important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, run our companies, and think about our world. |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Smallest Minority Kevin D. Williamson, 2019-07-23 The most profane, hilarious, and insightful book I've read in quite a while. — BEN SHAPIRO Kevin Williamson's gonzo merger of polemic, autobiography, and batsh*t craziness is totally brilliant. — JOHN PODHORETZ, Commentary Ideological minorities – including the smallest minority, the individual – can get trampled by the unity stampede (as my friend Kevin Williamson masterfully elucidates in his new book, The Smallest Minority). — JONAH GOLDBERG “The Smallest Minority is the perfect antidote to our heedless age of populist politics. It is a book unafraid to tell the people that they’re awful.” — NATIONAL REVIEW Williamson is blistering and irreverent, stepping without doubt on more than a few toes—but, then again, that’s kind of the point. — THE NEW CRITERION Stylish, unrestrained, and straight from the mind of a pissed-off genius. — THE WASHINGTON FREE BEACON Kevin Williamson is shocking and brutal (RUTH MARCUS, Washington Post), a total jack**s (WILL SALETAN, Slate), and totally reprehensible (PAUL KRUGMAN, New York Times). Reader beware: Kevin D. Williamson—the lively, literary firebrand from National Review who was too hot for The Atlantic to handle—comes to bury democracy, not to praise it. With electrifying honesty and spirit, Williamson takes a flamethrower to mob politics, the “beast with many heads” that haunts social media and what currently passes for real life. It’s destroying our capacity for individualism and dragging us down “the Road to Smurfdom, the place where the deracinated demos of the Twitter age finds itself feeling small and blue.” The Smallest Minority is by no means a memoir, though Williamson does reflect on that “tawdry little episode” with The Atlantic in which he became all-too-intimately acquainted with mob outrage and the forces of tribalism. Rather, this book is a dizzying tour through a world you’ll be horrified to recognize as your own. With biting appraisals of social media (“an economy of Willy Lomans,” political hustlers (“that certain kind of man or woman…who will kiss the collective ass of the mob”), journalists (“a contemptible union of neediness and arrogance”) and identity politics (“identity is more accessible than policy, which requires effort”), The Smallest Minority is a defiant, funny, and terrifyingly insightful book about what we human beings have done to ourselves. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Political Psychology Prof. Dr. Bilal Semih Bozdemir, While fear motivates immediate action in response to specific threats, anxiety often manifests as a chronic concern that drives individuals to seek answers and stability through political engagement. High levels of anxiety can lead to increased information-seeking behavior, prompting individuals to research candidates and policies in search of assurance. Anxious individuals may gravitate towards political figures who embody calmness or assertiveness, interpreting such traits as signals of competence and reliability. As a result, during election cycles characterized by economic instability or social upheaval, people may prioritize candidates who convey certainty and effective management capabilities over those who communicate ambitious but unrealistic promises. Intriguingly, anxiety can produce conflicting effects on political decision-making. While it compels individuals to become more informed, it can also lead to avoidance behavior when faced with overwhelming information. Voters may disengage from the political process or gravitate towards simplistic narratives or authoritarian candidates who promise to alleviate their anxiety. Hence, understanding the paradoxical nature of anxiety is critical for dissecting its influence on political behavior. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Groupthink Christopher Booker, 2020-03-19 In Groupthink, his final book, the late, eminent journalist and bestselling author Christopher Booker seeks to identify the hidden key to understanding much that is disturbing about the world today. With reference to the ideas of a Yale professor who first identified the theory, and to the writings of George Orwell from whose 'newspeak' the word was adapted, Booker sheds new light on the remarkable – and worrying – effects of 'groupthink', and its influence on our society. Booker defines the three rules of groupthink: the adoption of a common view or belief not based on objective reality; the establishment of a consensus of right-minded people, an 'in group'; and the need to treat the views of anyone who questions the belief as wholly unacceptable. He shows how various interest groups, journalists and even governments in the twenty-first century have subscribed to this way of thinking, with deeply disturbing results. As Booker shows, such behaviour has led to a culture of fear, heralded by countless examples throughout history, from Revolutionary Russia to Napoleonic France and Hitler's Germany. In the present moment it has caused countless errors in judgement and the division of society into highly polarised, oppositional factions. From the behaviour of the controversial Rhodes Must Fall movement to the sacking of James Damore of Google, society's attitudes towards gender equality, the Iraq war and the 'European Dream', careers and lives have been lost as those in the 'in-group' police society with their new form of puritanism. As Booker argues, only by examining its underlying causes can we understand the sinister power of groupthink which permeates all aspects of our lives. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict , 2008-09-05 The 2nd edition of Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict provides timely and useful information about antagonism and reconciliation in all contexts of public and personal life. Building on the highly-regarded 1st edition (1999), and publishing at a time of seemingly inexorably increasing conflict and violent behaviour the world over, the Encyclopedia is an essential reference for students and scholars working in the field of peace and conflict resolution studies, and for those seeking to explore alternatives to violence and share visions and strategies for social justice and social change. Covering topics as diverse as Arms Control, Peace Movements, Child Abuse, Folklore, Terrorism and Political Assassinations, the Encyclopedia comprehensively addresses an extensive information area in 225 multi-disciplinary, cross-referenced and authoritatively authored articles. In his Preface to the 1st edition, Editor-in-Chief Lester Kurtz wrote: The problem of violence poses such a monumental challenge at the end of the 20th century that it is surprising we have addressed it so inadequately. We have not made much progress in learning how to cooperate with one another more effectively or how to conduct our conflicts more peacefully. Instead, we have increased the lethality of our combat through revolutions in weapons technology and military training. The Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict is designed to help us to take stock of our knowledge concerning these crucial phenomena. Ten years on, the need for an authoritative and cross-disciplinary approach to the great issues of violence and peace seems greater than ever. More than 200 authoritative multidisciplinary articles in a 3-volume set Many brand-new articles alongside revised and updated content from the First Edition Article outline and glossary of key terms at the beginning of each article Entries arranged alphabetically for easy access Articles written by more than 200 eminent contributors from around the world |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Thomas S. Kuhn, 1969 |
| examples of groupthink in history: Leadership Robert P. Vecchio, 2007-06-01 Today, there are a growing number of business schools, law schools, and continuing education programs in executive development and management training that offer leadership classes. Despite the growing curricular recognition of this area, there is a shortage of strong college-level texts. Leadership, second edition—a completely up-to-date anthology of key writings by well-known contributors—meets this need for a textbook that encompasses the major theories in the field of leadership. Leadership is divided into six sections. Part I provides an overview of the subject with readings that examine what leaders actually do, as well as the many myths surrounding the notion of leadership. Part II focuses on the fundamentals of leadership by taking a close look at the specific tactics people use to get their own way. These readings analyze the political games people play and the two-way nature of leader-subordinate influence. Part III considers problems that can arise from leadership gone wrong—when power and influence are abused. The major formal models of leadership that have been offered over the years are reviewed in Part IV. The next section looks at contemporary views of leadership, emphasizing reliance on maturity of subordinates for success, including leadership in the context of self-directed work teams, entrepreneurial leadership, the notion of the leader as servant, and examples of leaders who are recognized for having empowered others or for providing moral leadership. The final section examines the roles of societal and organizational cultures as they pertain to leadership. Robert P. Vecchio has updated the second edition with six new articles. Aimed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level courses, Leadership continues to provide classic essays by the major figures in the field of leadership along with topical essays on current and emerging issues. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Chilcot Report Sir John Chilcot (chairman), Sir Lawrence Freedman, Sir Martin Gilbert, Sir Roderic Lyne, Baroness Prashar, 2016-08-16 All the key findings of the public inquiry into the handling of the 2003 Iraq war by the British government led by Tony Blair. Chaired by Sir John Chilcot, the Iraq Inquiry (known as the 'Chilcot Report') tackled: Saddam Hussein's threat to Britainthe legal advice for the invasionintelligence about weapons of mass destruction andplanning for a post-conflict Iraq. This 60,000-word executive summary was published in July 2016. Philippe Sands QC wrote in the London Review of Books: 'It offers a long and painful account of an episode that may come to be seen as marking the moment when the UK fell off its global perch, trust in government collapsed and the country turned inward and began to disintegrate.' Published under an Open Government Licence, this book aims to make better known the findings of the Iraq Inquiry, which took seven years to complete at a cost of £10 million. The text, headings, footnotes and any emphasis are exactly those of the original document. Contents Introduction Pre-conflict strategy and planning The UK decision to support US military action Why Iraq? Why now? The UK's relationship with the US Decision-making Advice on the legal basis for military action Weapons of mass destruction Planning for a post-Saddam Hussein Iraq The post-conflict period Occupation Transition Planning for withdrawal Did the UK achieve its objectives in Iraq? Key findings Lessons Timeline of events REVIEWS The Iraq Inquiry, chaired by Sir John Chilcot and composed of five privy councillors, finally published its report on the morning of 6 July, seven years and 21 days after it was established by Gordon Brown with a remit to look at the run-up to the conflict, the conflict itself and the reconstruction, so that we can learn lessons. It offers a long and painful account of an episode that may come to be seen as marking the moment when the UK fell off its global perch, trust in government collapsed and the country turned inward and began to disintegrate. — Philippe Sands, London Review of Books A more productive way to think of the Chilcot report is as a tool to help us set agendas for renewed best efforts in creating more effective and accountable statecraft. Chilcot has confirmed that... we still do not have intelligent long-range planning by the armed forces in close and active cooperation with other government agencies, nor an adequate and integrated system for the collection and evaluation of intelligence information, nor do we have the highest possible quality and stature of personnel to lead us through these challenging times. — Derek B. Miller, The Guardian Although sceptics wondered how much more the very-long-awaited Report of the Iraq Inquiry by a committee chaired by Sir John Chilcot could tell us when it appeared at last in July, it proves to contain a wealth of evidence and acute criticism, the more weighty for its sober tone and for having the imprimatur of the official government publisher. In all, it is a further and devastating indictment not only of Tony Blair personally but of a whole apparatus of state and government, Cabinet, Parliament, armed forces, and, far from least, intelligence agencies. Among its conclusions the report says that there was no imminent threat from Saddam Hussein; that the British chose to join the invasion of Iraq before the peaceful options for disarmament had been exhausted; that military action was not a last resort... — Geoffrey Wheatcroft, The New York Review of Books Ideal for any student of politics, diplomacy, or conflict. |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Making of US Foreign Policy John Dumbrell, 1990 Examination of the aims, methods, and recently renewed emphasis of Soviet education on the molding of model socialist citizens. A textbook for students of international relations, which provides a British perspective on the relationship between the process and the substance of US foreign policy since the mid-sixties. Dumbrell (social sciences, Manchester Polytechnic) draws on both original case studies and the extensive secondary literature. Distributed by St. Martin's. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| examples of groupthink in history: Financial Whirlpools Karen L. Higgins, 2013-03-26 How do economists reconcile their expertise with their failures to predict and manage the 2008 financial crisis? This book goes a long way toward an answer by using systems theory to reveal the complex interdependence of factors and forces behind the crisis. In her fully integrated view of the economy, how it works, and how the economic crisis burst, Karen Higgins combines human psychology, cultural values, and belief formation with descriptions of the ways banks and markets succeed and fail. In each chapter she introduces themes from financial crisis literature and brings a systems-theory treatment of them. Her methodology and visual presentations both develop the tools of systems theory and apply these tools to the financial crisis. Not just another volume about the crisis, this book challenges the status quo through its unique multidisciplinary approach. - Presents a broad global view of international economic health and international corporate health - Describes how policies, regulations, and trends dating to the 1950s influenced the crisis - Assumes readers possess a general familiarity of economics and finance |
| examples of groupthink in history: The WEIRDest People in the World Joseph Henrich, 2020-09-08 A New York Times Notable Book of 2020 A Bloomberg Best Non-Fiction Book of 2020 A Behavioral Scientist Notable Book of 2020 A Human Behavior & Evolution Society Must-Read Popular Evolution Book of 2020 A bold, epic account of how the co-evolution of psychology and culture created the peculiar Western mind that has profoundly shaped the modern world. Perhaps you are WEIRD: raised in a society that is Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. If so, you’re rather psychologically peculiar. Unlike much of the world today, and most people who have ever lived, WEIRD people are highly individualistic, self-obsessed, control-oriented, nonconformist, and analytical. They focus on themselves—their attributes, accomplishments, and aspirations—over their relationships and social roles. How did WEIRD populations become so psychologically distinct? What role did these psychological differences play in the industrial revolution and the global expansion of Europe during the last few centuries? In The WEIRDest People in the World, Joseph Henrich draws on cutting-edge research in anthropology, psychology, economics, and evolutionary biology to explore these questions and more. He illuminates the origins and evolution of family structures, marriage, and religion, and the profound impact these cultural transformations had on human psychology. Mapping these shifts through ancient history and late antiquity, Henrich reveals that the most fundamental institutions of kinship and marriage changed dramatically under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church. It was these changes that gave rise to the WEIRD psychology that would coevolve with impersonal markets, occupational specialization, and free competition—laying the foundation for the modern world. Provocative and engaging in both its broad scope and its surprising details, The WEIRDest People in the World explores how culture, institutions, and psychology shape one another, and explains what this means for both our most personal sense of who we are as individuals and also the large-scale social, political, and economic forces that drive human history. Includes black-and-white illustrations. |
| examples of groupthink in history: Being Human: Relationships and You Knud S. Larsen, Reidar Ommundsen, Kees van der Veer, 2015-04-08 This book represents a new look at social psychology and relationships for the discerning reader and university student. The title of the book argues forcefully that the very nature of being human is defined by our relationships with others, our lovers, family, and our functional or dysfunctional interactions. Written in easy to follow logical progression the volume covers all major topical areas of social psychology, with results of empirical research of the most recent years included. A common project between American and European social psychologists the book seeks to build a bridge between research findings in both regions of the world. In doing so the interpretations of the research takes a critical stand toward dysfunction in modern societies, and in particular the consequences of endless war and repression. Including topics as varied as an overview of the theoretical domains of social psychology and recent research on morality, justice and the law, the book promises a stimulating introduction to contemporary views of what it means to be human. A major emphasis of the book is the effect of culture in all major topical areas of social psychology including conceptions of the self, attraction, relationships and love, social cognition, attitude formation and behavior, influences of group membership, social influence, persuasion, hostile images, aggression and altruism, and moral behavior. |
| examples of groupthink in history: The Crowd Gustave Le Bon, 1897 |
| examples of groupthink in history: Psychology of Terrorism Bruce Michael Bongar, 2007 Publisher description |
| examples of groupthink in history: Stephen King and American History Tony Magistrale, Michael Blouin, 2020-07-16 This book surveys the labyrinthine relationship between Stephen King and American History. By depicting American History as a doomed cycle of greed and violence, King poses a number of important questions: who gets to make history, what gets left out, how one understands one's role within it, and how one might avoid repeating mistakes of the past. This volume examines King's relationship to American History through the illumination of metanarratives, adaptations, queer and alternative historical lenses, which confront the destructive patterns of our past as well as our capacity to imagine a different future. Stephen King and American History will present readers with an opportunity to place popular culture in conversation with the pressing issues of our day. If we hope to imagine a different path forward, we will need to come to terms with this enclosure—a task for which King's corpus is uniquely well-suited. |
The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: A classic example of …
groupthink example: the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster of 1986. Finally, an application of the groupthink concepts will be shown using the Space Shuttle disaster example. By applying …
Groupthink (Irving Janis) - Stanford Medicine
Examples of Groupthink: Past and Present Examples of groupthink “fiascoes” studied by Janis include US failures to anticipate the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Bay of Pigs invasion, the …
Enhancing Strategic Decision- Making: Lessons from History
This paper will investigate historical decision-making examples to illuminate the democratic underpinnings of dissent, and the breakdown in decision-making process that results in …
Groupthink - Bill Wolff
Janis originally defined groupthink as "a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' strivings for unanimity override …
Groupthink Reconsidered - JSTOR
History and the daily newspaper provide examples of policy deci- sions made by groups that resulted in fiascoes. The making of such decisions is frequently attributed to the groupthink …
Examples Of Groupthink In History (book) - mira.fortuitous.com
Examples Of Groupthink In History: Victims of Groupthink Irving Lester Janis,1972 Janis identifies the causes and fateful consequences of groupthink the process that takes over when decision …
Twenty-Five Years of Groupthink Theory and Research: Lessons
Twenty-Five Years of Groupthink Theory and Research: Lessons from the Evaluation of a Theory Marlene E. Turner S an J ose S tate Univcrsity and Anthony R. Pratkanis U n iversitt' oJ …
Why cultures fail: The power and risk of Groupthink
WHAT IS GROUPTHINK AND HOW DOES IT RELATE TO THESE TWO SITUATIONS AND OTHERS LIKE IT? Irving Janis, a social psychologist, coined the term ‘Groupthink’ in 1972.3 It …
GROUPTHINK - department.monm.edu
Groupthink involves non-deliberate suppression of critical thought as a result of internalization of the group's norms, which is quite different from deliberate suppression on the basis of external …
Chapter 20: The Influence of Groupthink During the Invention …
During the many Nazi war crime trials, “ordinary” Germans in the docks—like Adolf Eichmann in Israel—typically explained that in participating in the Holocaust they were just following higher …
Examples Of Groupthink In History (PDF) - research.frcog.org
Many blame bad decisions on groupthink without a clear idea of what that term really means Now Nudge coauthor Cass Sunstein and leading decision making scholar Reid Hastie shed light on …
Examples Of Groupthink In History [PDF]
Groupthink Christopher Booker,2020-03-19 In Groupthink his final book the late eminent journalist and bestselling author Christopher Booker seeks to identify the hidden key to understanding …
Groupthink Examples In History (2024) - mail.cirq.org
of examples of leaders who dissented on vital strategic decisions but were overruled by groupthink resulting in disaster on a national scale This paper will investigate historical …
Irving L. Janis' Victims of Groupthink - JSTOR
Janis's work on groupthink is one of the best-known attempts to illuminate and explain political decision-making processes using psychological concepts, theories and perspectives.
Groupthink Examples In History [PDF] - smtp.casro.org
examples of leaders who dissented on vital strategic decisions but were overruled by groupthink resulting in disaster on a national scale This paper will investigate historical decision making …
Examples Of Groupthink In History (2024) - cie …
Examples Of Groupthink In History: Victims of Groupthink Irving Lester Janis,1972 Janis identifies the causes and fateful consequences of groupthink the process that takes over when decision …
The Essence of Groupthink - JSTOR
In this theoretical analysis, 't Hart significantly refines and extends Janis' original conceptualization of groupthink. He identifies three distinct paths to excessive concurrence-seeking in small …
Examples Of Groupthink In History (2024) - cie …
Groupthink Christopher Booker,2020-03-19 In Groupthink his final book the late eminent journalist and bestselling author Christopher Booker seeks to identify the hidden key to understanding …
Examples Of Groupthink In History (PDF)
Booker defines the three rules of groupthink the adoption of a common view or belief not based on objective reality the establishment of a consensus of right minded people an in group and the …
Toward a Better Understanding of the Relationships among …
Wisdom, Groupthink, and Organizational Ethical Culture . Ronald R. Sims . College of William and Mary . William I. Sauser . Auburn University . In this article we (a) describe our perspective on …
On The Psychology Of Military Incompetence
probability. The Vietnam War provides numerous examples of these biases at play, particularly in the initial assessment of the conflict and the escalation of US involvement. Chapter 2: …
How We Think: Thinking Critically and Creatively and How …
examples of potential application. Thus, a better understanding of these six principles is recommended for study to increase the quality of the military profession’s critical and creative …
ICE BUCKET CHALLENGE - secure.alsnetwork.org
the history and tremendous momentum generated by this extraordinary show of support for the ALS community. Let’s continue this progress! We invite you to take action - through …
Groupthink and France’s defeat Groupthink and France’s in …
Groupthink led to the downplaying of important information, the failure to question vital assumptions about German capabilities, and the misapplication of new military technology.
The 25 Most Influential Psychological Experiments in History
Experiments in History By Kristen Fescoe Published January 2016 The field of psychology is a very broad field comprised of many smaller specialty areas. Each of these specialty areas has …
Groupthink Examples In Sports - uploads.strikinglycdn.com
Download Groupthink Examples In Sports pdf. Download Groupthink Examples In Sports doc. Fostering argument and with examples of the astute student three of the current population …
WILLIAM H. WHYTE JR.: HOW THE CREATOR OF …
history, where groupthink is a Janis creation. I endeavour to answer why this is the case, and based on many examples of textbooks’ representations of Janis’ ideas, I contend that his …
Twenty-Five Years of Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and …
because they knew the history of group dynamics—and so to Don and others this was not an odd combination. In his brief review of the history of group psychology and group psychotherapy, …
Students will learn about gangs and the theory of groupthink
5. Introduce the term ” groupthink ” to students. Groupthink is a term developed by Irving Janis, a psychologist. It describes a process that happens to groups that cause them to make bad or …
ASHRM Patient Safety Tip Sheet: Normalization of Deviance in …
disaster example portrays, the “groupthink” phenomenon that makes deviating from SOP acceptable across an organization can be readily applied to health care. One of many …
Measuring Predictors of Groupthink: Instrument …
groupthink by developing an instrument to effectively measure a group’s tendency toward groupthink; a type of faulty decision-making. It examines the relationship between the concept …
Focus Group History, Theory, and Practice - SAGE …
Focus Group History, Theory, and Practice Among the most widely used research tools in the social sciences are group depth interviews, or focus groups. Originally called “focussed” …
LOGO - faithandhistory.org
provide a focused study of the history of the Christian church. You will gain deeper insight into the history and doctrine of the early Church, the Protestant Reformations, the trans-Atlantic …
Jonestown: The Psychological Massacre
behavior make people believe that this event in history was a sociological effect on Jones’ leadership (Maynard). Jones was able to control the members of the Peoples Temple by …
Worst Decisions In History [PDF] - cie-advances.asme.org
Worst Decisions In History Book Concept: Worst Decisions in History Title: Worst Decisions in History: How Bad Choices Shaped Our World Logline: From ancient empires to modern …
Group Decision Making: The Potential for Groupthink
As a result, groupthink has been blamed for decision making fiascoes in politics, the military, as well as in business. In this article, I discuss some famous examples of political and military …
Students will learn about gangs and the theory of groupthink
5. Introduce the term ” groupthink ” to students. Groupthink is a term developed by Irving Janis, a psychologist. It describes a process that happens to groups that cause them to make bad or …
Biases and Rational Decision Making - The Simons Center
Aug 3, 2017 · action.”9 Groupthink was certainly a major factor in the poor decision making and lack of critical thinking evidenced at the Bay of Pigs fiasco. ... as “the least covert military …
Groupthink as Communication P rocess, not Outcome
groupthink (Hirokawa, Gouran, & Martz, 1988), it and the Columbia disasters are often mentioned as groupthink examples—primarily because the outcomes were disastrous. During …
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE 'ABILENE PARADOX' AND …
Groupthink (GT) decisions are less cognitively and emo-tionally complicated and more simplistic than are non-groupthink decisions. Further, groupthink lowers mental efficiency and finesses …
The Essence of Groupthink - JSTOR
groupthink. Hierarchy and compliance in organizations can also create a tendency toward groupthink. According to 't Hart, the most salient path runs through the mech? anism of …
GROUPTHINK- the psychological - JSTOR
Psychologist Irving L. Janis shows how groupthink interfered with the decision-making processes that resulted in some of the major U.S. fiascoes of recent decades: the Bay of Pigs crisis, the …
Hocus Pocus: Modern-Day Manifestations of Witch Hunts
through codified law at the time. All of the instances in history involved a false narrative pushed by those in power; one that targeted specific individuals, claiming that they posed a threat to …
On Military Creativity - National Defense University
groupthink, which exists in small or large organizations when members mimic the thinking of their superiors. Groupthink is the antithesis of creativity. 16 The very structure of the military is …
Understanding Cognition and the Phenomenon of …
referred to as “groupthink.” 14 Irving Janis defined groupthink as a process where group norms and patterns essentially take over and result in deeply flawed decision-making. Group …
Distinguishing science from pseudoscience in school …
Article history: Received 2 June 2011 Received in revised form 21 September 2011 Accepted 21 September 2011 Like many domains of professional psychology, school psychology continues …
Groupthink (Irving Janis) - Stanford Medicine
Examples of groupthink “fiascoes” studied by Janis include US failures to anticipate the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Bay of Pigs invasion, the escalation of Vietnam war, and the ill-fated hostage …
Why cultures fail: The power and risk of Groupthink
one can see various symptoms of Groupthink. These two cases are not the only examples for Groupthink. The Vietnam War, Bay of Pigs invasion, the Space Shuttle disaster, and, some …
Groupthink and Project Performance: The Influence of …
Examples Groupthink has been revealed in a number of opera-tions management contexts, including production and quality control, new product development, and disaster operations. In …
Groupthink as Communication P rocess, not Outcome
groupthink (Hirokawa, Gouran, & Martz, 1988), it and the Columbia disasters are often mentioned as groupthink examples—primarily because the outcomes were disastrous. During …
Robin Altman A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the ...
documentation of Manson’s history, serving as the pre-eminent authority on Manson’s criminal history. 6 Other biographies follow similar threads as Bugliosi’s, framing Manson as a …
The Three-Story House Costa’s Levels of Questioning
The Key Terms and Phrases One –Two –Three Story Intellect Poem There are one-story intellects, two-story intellects, and three-story intellects with skylights.
Rhetoric and ethics: A Burkean analysis of modern cult …
groupthink, and based on sound logic and clarity of thought. Keywords: Cult, Anti-Cult, Rhetoric, Ethics, Persuasion. RHETORIC AND ETHICS 4 ... Key examples of more current bias in the …
Antecedents of Groupthink - JSTOR
when groupthink was evident, the decisions made resulted in policy failures; when groupthink was not apparent, group decisions produced policy successes. Groupthink is a theory that has …
FLINT WATER CRISIS STUDY GUIDE - State of Michigan
The declaration of emergency does not stand alone in this history. It was neither the beginning nor the end of the crisis. Hundreds of news articles and television stories appeared in the months …
What is a Social Science Essay? - SAGE Publications Inc
good essay writing 6 • Main section The main section, or ‘body’, of the essay develops the key points of the argument in a ‘logical progression’.
Guilt - Scholars at Harvard
examples of acts that can elicit feelings of guilt. Guilt is considered to be a self-conscious and moral emotion because it involves an evaluation of the self, and it plays a crucial role in …
Groupthink and the Classroom: Changing Familiar Patterns to …
Groupthink is an unhealthy decision-making pattern characterized by a high degree of cohesiveness and a striving for consensus among the members of a decision-making group. …
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE
university of oklahoma graduate college “[we] need to tell this story”: case studies of instructional narratives on the oklahoma city bombing
So right it’s wrong: Groupthink and the ubiquitous nature of …
conducts comparisons across case history examples (McCauley, 1989). In addition, directive leadership has also been linked to poor decision-making in both laboratory groupthink …
Rational Groupthink - California Institute of Technology
we call “rational groupthink”, conditional on which higher-order beliefs admit a tractable structure. We define rational groupthink to be the event that all agents take the wrong action for many …
Chapter 1 Stakeholder Theory - Springer
1.1 History and Nature of Stakeholder Theory Stakeholder theory borrows from, and builds on, various other theories, including agency theory, theory of the firm, transaction cost theory, …
GLOBALWARMING
Contents Foreword vii Abouttheauthor viii Author’spersonalnote viii Executivesummary xi 1 Introduction 1 2 Janis’stheoryofgroupthink 2 3 Thethreerulesofgroupthink 3
A British Army Guide - undef.edu.ar
There are also very clear examples in our history where leadership has been lacking. Developments in the physical and conceptual components have had significant influence and …
The Student Movement and the Second Wave - Marxists …
The idea that British students were merely imitating the examples made in countries such as France meant that the authorities could treat less seriously the real issues raised. ... The Case …
Study Guide for The Wave - CFI Education
around history teacher, Ben Ross, who cannot answer the question of why the Germans allowed Adolf Hitler and the genocidal Nazi Party to rise to power, acting in a manner inconsistent with …
Wole Soyinka: A Writer's Social Vision - JSTOR
It is, however, Marxism's particular view of history as materialist, determinist, and evolutionist that is at the root of most anarchist opposition. In a nutshell, Marx saw history as tending towards …
How Others Inform and Transform One’s Sense of Self - Duke …
Aug 7, 2024 · iv Abstract We admire those who know themselves, are appropriately open and receptive to feedback, and appropriately ignore or reject inaccurate feedback.
The Cost of Silence - NASA
Nov 3, 2014 · Eight Symptoms of Groupthink Groupthink “…a quick and easy way to refer to a mode of thinking that persons engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive ingroup, …
