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factor analysis in python: Python programming for Data Scientists Editor IJSMI, 2019-11-15 Python programming language is an open source programming language which can be used under different operating system. Python programming redefined the programming concepts with its important features like flexibility, adaptability and reusability of codes. Python programming language has numerous libraries or modules which helps the programmer to save their time. The book starts with the overview of basic Python topics such as data structures, data types, conditions and controls, functions, lists, file handling and handling external datasets and database connections. The book also covers the topics in data science such as graphical and chart visualization, statistical modeling, text mining and machine learning algorithms. The book uses popular libraries of Python like matplotlib, sciket-learn and numpy, to perform graphical and machine learning related tasks. Users are encouraged to refer to the author’s book on “Machine Learning: An overview with the help of R software package” (ISBN- 978-1790122622) if they are familiar with R software package which is also an open source package The book requires users to download the Python version 3.0 and any of the Integrated Development Environments (IDE) such as Liclipse, Wing,PyCharm and Eric. Editor International Journal of Statistics and Medical Informatics www.ijsmi.com/book.php https://www.amazon.com/dp/1708620281(Paper Back) https://www.amazon.com/DP/B081K1SD4K (e-Book) |
factor analysis in python: Foundations of Factor Analysis Stanley A Mulaik, 2009-09-25 Providing a practical, thorough understanding of how factor analysis works, Foundations of Factor Analysis, Second Edition discusses the assumptions underlying the equations and procedures of this method. It also explains the options in commercial computer programs for performing factor analysis and structural equation modeling. This long-awaited e |
factor analysis in python: Python for Accounting and Finance Sunil Kumar, |
factor analysis in python: Comparative Approaches to Using R and Python for Statistical Data Analysis Sarmento, Rui, Costa, Vera, 2017-01-06 The application of statistics has proliferated in recent years and has become increasingly relevant across numerous fields of study. With the advent of new technologies, its availability has opened into a wider range of users. Comparative Approaches to using R and Python for Statistical Data Analysis is a comprehensive source of emerging research and perspectives on the latest computer software and available languages for the visualization of statistical data. By providing insights on relevant topics, such as inference, factor analysis, and linear regression, this publication is ideally designed for professionals, researchers, academics, graduate students, and practitioners interested in the optimization of statistical data analysis. |
factor analysis in python: Applied Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate Statistics Using Python Daniel J. Denis, 2021-04-30 Applied Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate Statistics Using Python A practical, “how-to” reference for anyone performing essential statistical analyses and data management tasks in Python Applied Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate Statistics Using Python delivers a comprehensive introduction to a wide range of statistical methods performed using Python in a single, one-stop reference. The book contains user-friendly guidance and instructions on using Python to run a variety of statistical procedures without getting bogged down in unnecessary theory. Throughout, the author emphasizes a set of computational tools used in the discovery of empirical patterns, as well as several popular statistical analyses and data management tasks that can be immediately applied. Most of the datasets used in the book are small enough to be easily entered into Python manually, though they can also be downloaded for free from www.datapsyc.com. Only minimal knowledge of statistics is assumed, making the book perfect for those seeking an easily accessible toolkit for statistical analysis with Python. Applied Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate Statistics Using Python represents the fastest way to learn how to analyze data with Python. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A review of essential statistical principles, including types of data, measurement, significance tests, significance levels, and type I and type II errors An introduction to Python, exploring how to communicate with Python A treatment of exploratory data analysis, basic statistics and visual displays, including frequencies and descriptives, q-q plots, box-and-whisker plots, and data management An introduction to topics such as ANOVA, MANOVA and discriminant analysis, regression, principal components analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, among others, exploring the nature of what these techniques can vs. cannot do on a methodological level Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students in the social, behavioral, and natural sciences, Applied Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate Statistics Using Python will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers and data analysts seeking a quick go-to resource for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis in Python. |
factor analysis in python: Factor Analysis and Dimension Reduction in R G. David Garson, 2022-12-16 Factor Analysis and Dimension Reduction in R provides coverage, with worked examples, of a large number of dimension reduction procedures along with model performance metrics to compare them. Factor analysis in the form of principal components analysis (PCA) or principal factor analysis (PFA) is familiar to most social scientists. However, what is less familiar is understanding that factor analysis is a subset of the more general statistical family of dimension reduction methods. The social scientist's toolkit for factor analysis problems can be expanded to include the range of solutions this book presents. In addition to covering FA and PCA with orthogonal and oblique rotation, this book’s coverage includes higher-order factor models, bifactor models, models based on binary and ordinal data, models based on mixed data, generalized low-rank models, cluster analysis with GLRM, models involving supplemental variables or observations, Bayesian factor analysis, regularized factor analysis, testing for unidimensionality, and prediction with factor scores. The second half of the book deals with other procedures for dimension reduction. These include coverage of kernel PCA, factor analysis with multidimensional scaling, locally linear embedding models, Laplacian eigenmaps, diffusion maps, force directed methods, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, independent component analysis (ICA), dimensionality reduction via regression (DRR), non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF), Isomap, Autoencoder, uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) models, neural network models, and longitudinal factor analysis models. In addition, a special chapter covers metrics for comparing model performance. Features of this book include: Numerous worked examples with replicable R code Explicit comprehensive coverage of data assumptions Adaptation of factor methods to binary, ordinal, and categorical data Residual and outlier analysis Visualization of factor results Final chapters that treat integration of factor analysis with neural network and time series methods Presented in color with R code and introduction to R and RStudio, this book will be suitable for graduate-level and optional module courses for social scientists, and on quantitative methods and multivariate statistics courses. |
factor analysis in python: Applied Factor Analysis Rudolf J. Rummel, 1988 Applied Factor Analysis was written to help others apply factor analysis throughout the sciences with the conviction that factor analysis is a calculus of the social sciences. The book developed from research undertaken to do a 236-variable cross-national analysis. |
factor analysis in python: Python Data Science Handbook Jake VanderPlas, 2016-11-21 For many researchers, Python is a first-class tool mainly because of its libraries for storing, manipulating, and gaining insight from data. Several resources exist for individual pieces of this data science stack, but only with the Python Data Science Handbook do you get them all—IPython, NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-Learn, and other related tools. Working scientists and data crunchers familiar with reading and writing Python code will find this comprehensive desk reference ideal for tackling day-to-day issues: manipulating, transforming, and cleaning data; visualizing different types of data; and using data to build statistical or machine learning models. Quite simply, this is the must-have reference for scientific computing in Python. With this handbook, you’ll learn how to use: IPython and Jupyter: provide computational environments for data scientists using Python NumPy: includes the ndarray for efficient storage and manipulation of dense data arrays in Python Pandas: features the DataFrame for efficient storage and manipulation of labeled/columnar data in Python Matplotlib: includes capabilities for a flexible range of data visualizations in Python Scikit-Learn: for efficient and clean Python implementations of the most important and established machine learning algorithms |
factor analysis in python: Environmental Data Analysis with MatLab or Python William Menke, 2022-08-14 Environmental Data Analysis with MATLAB, Third Edition, is a new edition that expands fundamentally on the original with an expanded tutorial approach, more clear organization, new crib sheets, and problem sets providing a clear learning path for students and researchers working to analyze real data sets in the environmental sciences. The work teaches the basics of the underlying theory of data analysis and then reinforces that knowledge with carefully chosen, realistic scenarios, including case studies in each chapter. The new edition is expanded to include applications to Python, an open source software environment. Significant content in Environmental Data Analysis with MATLAB, Third Edition is devoted to teaching how the programs can be effectively used in an environmental data analysis setting. This new edition offers chapters that can both be used as self-contained resources or as a step-by-step guide for students, and is supplemented with data and scripts to demonstrate relevant use cases. - Provides a clear learning path for researchers and students using data analysis techniques which build upon one another, choosing the right order of presentation to substantially aid the reader in learning material - Includes crib sheets to summarize the most important data analysis techniques, results, procedures, and formulas and worked examples to demonstrate techniques - Uses real-world environmental examples and case studies formulated using the readily-available software environment in both MATLAB® and Python - Completely updated and expanded to include coverage of Python and reorganized for better navigability - Includes access to both an instructor site with exemplary lectures and solutions to problems and a supplementary site with MATLAB LiveScripts and Python Notebooks |
factor analysis in python: Machine Learning for Decision Sciences with Case Studies in Python S. Sumathi, Suresh Rajappa, L Ashok Kumar, Surekha Paneerselvam, 2022-07-08 This book provides a detailed description of machine learning algorithms in data analytics, data science life cycle, Python for machine learning, linear regression, logistic regression, and so forth. It addresses the concepts of machine learning in a practical sense providing complete code and implementation for real-world examples in electrical, oil and gas, e-commerce, and hi-tech industries. The focus is on Python programming for machine learning and patterns involved in decision science for handling data. Features: Explains the basic concepts of Python and its role in machine learning. Provides comprehensive coverage of feature engineering including real-time case studies. Perceives the structural patterns with reference to data science and statistics and analytics. Includes machine learning-based structured exercises. Appreciates different algorithmic concepts of machine learning including unsupervised, supervised, and reinforcement learning. This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in data science, machine learning, computer science, and electrical and computer engineering. |
factor analysis in python: Exploratory Data Analysis with Python Cookbook Ayodele Oluleye, 2023-06-30 Extract valuable insights from data by leveraging various analysis and visualization techniques with this comprehensive guide Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key Features Gain practical experience in conducting EDA on a single variable of interest in Python Learn the different techniques for analyzing and exploring tabular, time series, and textual data in Python Get well versed in data visualization using leading Python libraries like Matplotlib and seaborn Book DescriptionIn today's data-centric world, the ability to extract meaningful insights from vast amounts of data has become a valuable skill across industries. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) lies at the heart of this process, enabling us to comprehend, visualize, and derive valuable insights from various forms of data. This book is a comprehensive guide to Exploratory Data Analysis using the Python programming language. It provides practical steps needed to effectively explore, analyze, and visualize structured and unstructured data. It offers hands-on guidance and code for concepts such as generating summary statistics, analyzing single and multiple variables, visualizing data, analyzing text data, handling outliers, handling missing values and automating the EDA process. It is suited for data scientists, data analysts, researchers or curious learners looking to gain essential knowledge and practical steps for analyzing vast amounts of data to uncover insights. Python is an open-source general purpose programming language which is used widely for data science and data analysis given its simplicity and versatility. It offers several libraries which can be used to clean, analyze, and visualize data. In this book, we will explore popular Python libraries such as Pandas, Matplotlib, and Seaborn and provide workable code for analyzing data in Python using these libraries. By the end of this book, you will have gained comprehensive knowledge about EDA and mastered the powerful set of EDA techniques and tools required for analyzing both structured and unstructured data to derive valuable insights.What you will learn Perform EDA with leading python data visualization libraries Execute univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis on tabular data Uncover patterns and relationships within time series data Identify hidden patterns within textual data Learn different techniques to prepare data for analysis Overcome challenge of outliers and missing values during data analysis Leverage automated EDA for fast and efficient analysis Who this book is forWhether you are a data analyst, data scientist, researcher or a curious learner looking to analyze structured and unstructured data, this book will appeal to you. It aims to empower you with essential knowledge and practical skills for analyzing and visualizing data to uncover insights. It covers several EDA concepts and provides hands-on instructions on how these can be applied using various Python libraries. Familiarity with basic statistical concepts and foundational knowledge of python programming will help you understand the content better and maximize your learning experience. |
factor analysis in python: Applying Data Science and Learning Analytics Throughout a Learner’s Lifespan Trajkovski, Goran, Demeter, Marylee, Hayes, Heather, 2022-05-06 Research in the domains of learning analytics and educational data mining has prototyped an approach where methodologies from data science and machine learning are used to gain insights into the learning process by using large amounts of data. As many training and academic institutions are maturing in their data-driven decision making, useful, scalable, and interesting trends are emerging. Organizations can benefit from sharing information on those efforts. Applying Data Science and Learning Analytics Throughout a Learner’s Lifespan examines novel and emerging applications of data science and sister disciplines for gaining insights from data to inform interventions into learners’ journeys and interactions with academic institutions. Data is collected at various times and places throughout a learner’s lifecycle, and the learners and the institution should benefit from the insights and knowledge gained from this data. Covering topics such as learning analytics dashboards, text network analysis, and employment recruitment, this book is an indispensable resource for educators, computer scientists, faculty of higher education, government officials, educational administration, students of higher education, pre-service teachers, business professionals, researchers, and academicians. |
factor analysis in python: Analysis and Visualization of Citation Networks Dangzhi Zhao, Andreas Strotmann, 2022-06-01 Citation analysis—the exploration of reference patterns in the scholarly and scientific literature—has long been applied in a number of social sciences to study research impact, knowledge flows, and knowledge networks. It has important information science applications as well, particularly in knowledge representation and in information retrieval. Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in citation analysis to help address research, management, or information service issues such as university rankings, research evaluation, or knowledge domain visualization. This renewed and growing interest stems from significant improvements in the availability and accessibility of digital bibliographic data (both citation and full text) and of relevant computer technologies. The former provides large amounts of data and the latter the necessary tools for researchers to conduct new types of large-scale citation analysis, even without special access to special data collections. Exciting new developments are emerging this way in many aspects of citation analysis. This book critically examines both theory and practical techniques of citation network analysis and visualization, one of the two main types of citation analysis (the other being evaluative citation analysis). To set the context for its main theme, the book begins with a discussion of the foundations of citation analysis in general, including an overview of what can and what cannot be done with citation analysis (Chapter 1). An in-depth examination of the generally accepted steps and procedures for citation network analysis follows, including the concepts and techniques that are associated with each step (Chapter 2). Individual issues that are particularly important in citation network analysis are then scrutinized, namely: field delineation and data sources for citation analysis (Chapter 3); disambiguation of names and references (Chapter 4); and visualization of citation networks (Chapter 5). Sufficient technical detail is provided in each chapter so the book can serve as a practical how-to guide to conducting citation network analysis and visualization studies. While the discussion of most of the topics in this book applies to all types of citation analysis, the structure of the text and the details of procedures, examples, and tools covered here are geared to citation network analysis rather than evaluative citation analysis. This conscious choice was based on the authors’ observation that, compared to evaluative citation analysis, citation network analysis has not been covered nearly as well by dedicated books, despite the fact that it has not been subject to nearly as much severe criticism and has been substantially enriched in recent years with new theory and techniques from research areas such as network science, social network analysis, or information visualization. Table of Contents: Acknowledgment / Dedications /Foundations of Citation Analysis / Conducting Citation Network Analysis: Steps, Concepts, Techniques, and Tools / Field Delineation and Data Sources for Citation Analysis / Disambiguation in Citation Network Analysis / Visualization of Citation Networks / Appendix 3.3 / Appendix 5.4.2 / Bibliography / Author Biographies |
factor analysis in python: Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis David J. Bartholomew, Martin Knott, 1999-08-10 Hitherto latent variable modelling has hovered on the fringes of the statistical mainstream but if the purpose of statistics is to deal with real problems, there is every reason for it to move closer to centre stage. In the social sciences especially, latent variables are common and if they are to be handled in a truly scientific manner, statistical theory must be developed to include them. This book aims to show how that should be done. This second edition is a complete re-working of the book of the same name which appeared in the Griffin’s Statistical Monographs in 1987. Since then there has been a surge of interest in latent variable methods which has necessitated a radical revision of the material but the prime object of the book remains the same. It provides a unified and coherent treatment of the field from a statistical perspective. This is achieved by setting up a sufficiently general framework to enable the derivation of the commonly used models. The subsequent analysis is then done wholly within the realm of probability calculus and the theory of statistical inference. Numerical examples are provided as well as the software to carry them out ( where this is not otherwise available). Additional data sets are provided in some cases so that the reader can aquire a wider experience of analysis and interpretation. |
factor analysis in python: Open Source Software for Statistical Analysis of Big Data: Emerging Research and Opportunities Segall, Richard S., Niu, Gao, 2020-02-21 With the development of computing technologies in today’s modernized world, software packages have become easily accessible. Open source software, specifically, is a popular method for solving certain issues in the field of computer science. One key challenge is analyzing big data due to the high amounts that organizations are processing. Researchers and professionals need research on the foundations of open source software programs and how they can successfully analyze statistical data. Open Source Software for Statistical Analysis of Big Data: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of cost-free software possibilities for applications within data analysis and statistics with a specific focus on R and Python. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as cluster analysis, time series forecasting, and machine learning, this book is ideally designed for researchers, developers, practitioners, engineers, academicians, scholars, and students who want to more fully understand in a brief and concise format the realm and technologies of open source software for big data and how it has been used to solve large-scale research problems in a multitude of disciplines. |
factor analysis in python: Python for Finance Cookbook Eryk Lewinson, 2020-01-31 Solve common and not-so-common financial problems using Python libraries such as NumPy, SciPy, and pandas Key FeaturesUse powerful Python libraries such as pandas, NumPy, and SciPy to analyze your financial dataExplore unique recipes for financial data analysis and processing with PythonEstimate popular financial models such as CAPM and GARCH using a problem-solution approachBook Description Python is one of the most popular programming languages used in the financial industry, with a huge set of accompanying libraries. In this book, you'll cover different ways of downloading financial data and preparing it for modeling. You'll calculate popular indicators used in technical analysis, such as Bollinger Bands, MACD, RSI, and backtest automatic trading strategies. Next, you'll cover time series analysis and models, such as exponential smoothing, ARIMA, and GARCH (including multivariate specifications), before exploring the popular CAPM and the Fama-French three-factor model. You'll then discover how to optimize asset allocation and use Monte Carlo simulations for tasks such as calculating the price of American options and estimating the Value at Risk (VaR). In later chapters, you'll work through an entire data science project in the financial domain. You'll also learn how to solve the credit card fraud and default problems using advanced classifiers such as random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and stacked models. You'll then be able to tune the hyperparameters of the models and handle class imbalance. Finally, you'll focus on learning how to use deep learning (PyTorch) for approaching financial tasks. By the end of this book, you’ll have learned how to effectively analyze financial data using a recipe-based approach. What you will learnDownload and preprocess financial data from different sourcesBacktest the performance of automatic trading strategies in a real-world settingEstimate financial econometrics models in Python and interpret their resultsUse Monte Carlo simulations for a variety of tasks such as derivatives valuation and risk assessmentImprove the performance of financial models with the latest Python librariesApply machine learning and deep learning techniques to solve different financial problemsUnderstand the different approaches used to model financial time series dataWho this book is for This book is for financial analysts, data analysts, and Python developers who want to learn how to implement a broad range of tasks in the finance domain. Data scientists looking to devise intelligent financial strategies to perform efficient financial analysis will also find this book useful. Working knowledge of the Python programming language is mandatory to grasp the concepts covered in the book effectively. |
factor analysis in python: Multiple Factor Analysis by Example Using R Jérôme Pagès, 2014-11-20 Multiple factor analysis (MFA) enables users to analyze tables of individuals and variables in which the variables are structured into quantitative, qualitative, or mixed groups. Written by the co-developer of this methodology, Multiple Factor Analysis by Example Using R brings together the theoretical and methodological aspects of MFA. It also inc |
factor analysis in python: Computational Methods and GIS Applications in Social Science - Lab Manual Lingbo Liu, Fahui Wang, 2023-10-25 This lab manual is a companion to the third edition of the textbook Computational Methods and GIS Applications in Social Science. It uses the open-source platform KNIME to illustrate a step-by-step implementation of each case study in the book. KNIME is a workflow-based platform supporting visual programming and multiple scripting language such as R, Python, and Java. The intuitive, structural workflow not only helps students better understand the methodology of each case study in the book, but also enables them to easily replicate, transplant and expand the workflow for further exploration with new data or models. This lab manual could also be used as a GIS automation reference for advanced users in spatial analysis. FEATURES The first hands-on, open-source KNIME lab manual written in tutorial style and focused on GIS applications in social science Includes 22 case studies from the United States and China that parallel the methods developed in the textbook Provides clear step-by-step explanations on how to use the open-source platform KNIME to understand basic and advanced analytical methods through real-life case studies Enables readers to easily replicate and expand their work with new data and models A valuable guide for students and practitioners worldwide engaged in efforts to develop GIS automation in spatial analysis This lab manual is intended for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in quantitative geography, spatial analysis, GIS applications in socioeconomic studies, GIS applications in business, and location theory, as well as researchers in the similar fields of geography, city and regional planning, sociology, and public administration. |
factor analysis in python: Python for Data Science For Dummies John Paul Mueller, Luca Massaron, 2015-06-23 Unleash the power of Python for your data analysis projects with For Dummies! Python is the preferred programming language for data scientists and combines the best features of Matlab, Mathematica, and R into libraries specific to data analysis and visualization. Python for Data Science For Dummies shows you how to take advantage of Python programming to acquire, organize, process, and analyze large amounts of information and use basic statistics concepts to identify trends and patterns. You’ll get familiar with the Python development environment, manipulate data, design compelling visualizations, and solve scientific computing challenges as you work your way through this user-friendly guide. Covers the fundamentals of Python data analysis programming and statistics to help you build a solid foundation in data science concepts like probability, random distributions, hypothesis testing, and regression models Explains objects, functions, modules, and libraries and their role in data analysis Walks you through some of the most widely-used libraries, including NumPy, SciPy, BeautifulSoup, Pandas, and MatPlobLib Whether you’re new to data analysis or just new to Python, Python for Data Science For Dummies is your practical guide to getting a grip on data overload and doing interesting things with the oodles of information you uncover. |
factor analysis in python: Data Analytics for Marketing Guilherme Diaz-Bérrio, 2024-05-10 Conduct data-driven marketing research and analysis with hands-on examples using Python by leveraging open-source tools and libraries Key Features Analyze marketing data using proper statistical techniques Use data modeling and analytics to understand customer preferences and enhance strategies without complex math Implement Python libraries like DoWhy, Pandas, and Prophet in a business setting with examples and use cases Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionMost marketing professionals are familiar with various sources of customer data that promise insights for success. There are extensive sources of data, from customer surveys to digital marketing data. Moreover, there is an increasing variety of tools and techniques to shape data, from small to big data. However, having the right knowledge and understanding the context of how to use data and tools is crucial. In this book, you’ll learn how to give context to your data and turn it into useful information. You’ll understand how and where to use a tool or dataset for a specific question, exploring the what and why questions to provide real value to your stakeholders. Using Python, this book will delve into the basics of analytics and causal inference. Then, you’ll focus on visualization and presentation, followed by understanding guidelines on how to present and condense large amounts of information into KPIs. After learning how to plan ahead and forecast, you’ll delve into customer analytics and insights. Finally, you’ll measure the effectiveness of your marketing efforts and derive insights for data-driven decision-making. By the end of this book, you’ll understand the tools you need to use on specific datasets to provide context and shape your data, as well as to gain information to boost your marketing efforts.What you will learn Understand the basic ideas behind the main statistical models used in marketing analytics Apply the right models and tools to a specific analytical question Discover how to conduct causal inference, experimentation, and statistical modeling with Python Implement common open source Python libraries for specific use cases with immediately applicable code Analyze customer lifetime data and generate customer insights Go through the different stages of analytics, from descriptive to prescriptive Who this book is for This book is for data analysts and data scientists working in a marketing team supporting analytics and marketing research, who want to provide better insights that lead to data-driven decision-making. Prior knowledge of Python, data analysis, and statistics is required to get the most out of this book. |
factor analysis in python: Python for Data Analysis Wes McKinney, 2017-09-25 Get complete instructions for manipulating, processing, cleaning, and crunching datasets in Python. Updated for Python 3.6, the second edition of this hands-on guide is packed with practical case studies that show you how to solve a broad set of data analysis problems effectively. You’ll learn the latest versions of pandas, NumPy, IPython, and Jupyter in the process. Written by Wes McKinney, the creator of the Python pandas project, this book is a practical, modern introduction to data science tools in Python. It’s ideal for analysts new to Python and for Python programmers new to data science and scientific computing. Data files and related material are available on GitHub. Use the IPython shell and Jupyter notebook for exploratory computing Learn basic and advanced features in NumPy (Numerical Python) Get started with data analysis tools in the pandas library Use flexible tools to load, clean, transform, merge, and reshape data Create informative visualizations with matplotlib Apply the pandas groupby facility to slice, dice, and summarize datasets Analyze and manipulate regular and irregular time series data Learn how to solve real-world data analysis problems with thorough, detailed examples |
factor analysis in python: Linear Models with Python Julian J. Faraway, 2021-01-08 Praise for Linear Models with R: This book is a must-have tool for anyone interested in understanding and applying linear models. The logical ordering of the chapters is well thought out and portrays Faraway’s wealth of experience in teaching and using linear models. ... It lays down the material in a logical and intricate manner and makes linear modeling appealing to researchers from virtually all fields of study. -Biometrical Journal Throughout, it gives plenty of insight ... with comments that even the seasoned practitioner will appreciate. Interspersed with R code and the output that it produces one can find many little gems of what I think is sound statistical advice, well epitomized with the examples chosen...I read it with delight and think that the same will be true with anyone who is engaged in the use or teaching of linear models. -Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Like its widely praised, best-selling companion version, Linear Models with R, this book replaces R with Python to seamlessly give a coherent exposition of the practice of linear modeling. Linear Models with Python offers up-to-date insight on essential data analysis topics, from estimation, inference and prediction to missing data, factorial models and block designs. Numerous examples illustrate how to apply the different methods using Python. Features: Python is a powerful, open source programming language increasingly being used in data science, machine learning and computer science. Python and R are similar, but R was designed for statistics, while Python is multi-talented. This version replaces R with Python to make it accessible to a greater number of users outside of statistics, including those from Machine Learning. A reader coming to this book from an ML background will learn new statistical perspectives on learning from data. Topics include Model Selection, Shrinkage, Experiments with Blocks and Missing Data. Includes an Appendix on Python for beginners. Linear Models with Python explains how to use linear models in physical science, engineering, social science and business applications. It is ideal as a textbook for linear models or linear regression courses. |
factor analysis in python: Practical Guide To Principal Component Methods in R Alboukadel KASSAMBARA, 2017-08-23 Although there are several good books on principal component methods (PCMs) and related topics, we felt that many of them are either too theoretical or too advanced. This book provides a solid practical guidance to summarize, visualize and interpret the most important information in a large multivariate data sets, using principal component methods in R. The visualization is based on the factoextra R package that we developed for creating easily beautiful ggplot2-based graphs from the output of PCMs. This book contains 4 parts. Part I provides a quick introduction to R and presents the key features of FactoMineR and factoextra. Part II describes classical principal component methods to analyze data sets containing, predominantly, either continuous or categorical variables. These methods include: Principal Component Analysis (PCA, for continuous variables), simple correspondence analysis (CA, for large contingency tables formed by two categorical variables) and Multiple CA (MCA, for a data set with more than 2 categorical variables). In Part III, you'll learn advanced methods for analyzing a data set containing a mix of variables (continuous and categorical) structured or not into groups: Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) and Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). Part IV covers hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC), which is useful for performing clustering with a data set containing only categorical variables or with a mixed data of categorical and continuous variables. |
factor analysis in python: Methods of Multivariate Analysis Alvin C. Rencher, 2003-04-14 Amstat News asked three review editors to rate their top five favorite books in the September 2003 issue. Methods of Multivariate Analysis was among those chosen. When measuring several variables on a complex experimental unit, it is often necessary to analyze the variables simultaneously, rather than isolate them and consider them individually. Multivariate analysis enables researchers to explore the joint performance of such variables and to determine the effect of each variable in the presence of the others. The Second Edition of Alvin Rencher's Methods of Multivariate Analysis provides students of all statistical backgrounds with both the fundamental and more sophisticated skills necessary to master the discipline. To illustrate multivariate applications, the author provides examples and exercises based on fifty-nine real data sets from a wide variety of scientific fields. Rencher takes a methods approach to his subject, with an emphasis on how students and practitioners can employ multivariate analysis in real-life situations. The Second Edition contains revised and updated chapters from the critically acclaimed First Edition as well as brand-new chapters on: Cluster analysis Multidimensional scaling Correspondence analysis Biplots Each chapter contains exercises, with corresponding answers and hints in the appendix, providing students the opportunity to test and extend their understanding of the subject. Methods of Multivariate Analysis provides an authoritative reference for statistics students as well as for practicing scientists and clinicians. |
factor analysis in python: Proceedings of the 2nd International Academic Conference on Blockchain, Information Technology and Smart Finance (ICBIS 2023) Jerome Yen, Mohammad Zoynul Abedin, Wan Azman Saini Bin Wan Ngah, 2023-07-25 This is an open access book.With the rapid development of modern economy and Internet technology, the traditional financial industry has to develop Internet finance to provide better services and meet the needs of the times. It is against this background that the blockchain, relying on its special advantages (collective maintenance, reliable databases, and decentralization), provides the reliability to solve the credit risk of Internet finance, has an impact on institutions, trust mechanisms, risk control, etc. in the Internet finance industry, and has derived more new application scenarios, thus paving the way for the development of finance in the Internet era. Applying blockchain technology to the financial field can promote data information sharing, improve value transmission efficiency, and enhance database security. The financial market based on the decentralized system of blockchain technology can reduce the operating costs of financial institutions, improve economic efficiency, and solve problems such as information asymmetry. The new financial business model of blockchain+finance is conducive to improving the Internet credit reporting system, preventing and controlling Internet financial risks, and further realizing financial disintermediation. At present, in China's financial field, blockchain technology has been applied and innovated in supply chain finance, cross-border payment, trade finance, asset securitization and other scenarios. To promote the exchange and development of blockchain, information technology and financial experts and scholars. The 2nd International Academic Conference on Blockchain, Information Technology and Smart Finance (ICBIS 2023) will be held in Hangzhou from February 17 to 19, 2023. This conference mainly focuses on the latest research on blockchain, information technology and smart finance. This conference brings together experts, scholars, researchers and relevant practitioners in this field from all over the world to share research results, discuss hot issues, and provide participants with cutting-edge scientific and technological information, so that you can timely understand the development trends of the industry and master the latest technologies, broaden research horizons and promote academic progress. |
factor analysis in python: New Horizons in Prescriptivism Research Nuria Yáñez‐Bouza, María E. Rodríguez‐Gil, Javier Pérez‐Guerra, 2024-04-16 This book investigates the connections between evaluative judgements on language and the larger social, cultural, and political issues that shed light on the practice of prescriptivism. The chapters cover three main areas: language, which represents the traditional roots of the study of linguistic norms in authoritative (historical) manuals and judgemental attitudes to language usage; literary and scripted texts, which illustrates the enregisterment of the values of linguistic prescriptivism as a social and cultural phenomenon; and speech communities, which reflects the growth in scope of the field to consider geographical contexts beyond mainstream British and American English to include varieties of English and other languages worldwide. The book also discusses recent theoretical and methodological advances in the study of prescriptivism. |
factor analysis in python: HR ANALYTICS GUPTA, DEEPA, GUPTA, MUKUL, GUPTA, PARTH MUKUL, 2024-03-08 This book provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects of HR analytics. It delves into important definitions, the significance of HR analytics, methods of data collection and management, as well as specific areas such as recruitment analytics, performance management analytics, employee engagement analytics, and diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) analytics. The book also explores ethical considerations, implementation strategies, and the role of HR analytics in workforce planning, succession planning, and employee wellness. Additionally, it discusses monitoring the impact of interventions and offers insights into the future of HR analytics. Besides, it offers a range of practical tools and templates for various applications. KEY FEATURES • Comprehensive coverage: Covers a wide range of topics related to HR analytics from the basics to more specialized areas. • Diverse tools and techniques: Includes discussions on various data analysis techniques, such as predictive analytics, machine learning, and statistical modelling. • Practical templates and forms: Inclusion of templates and forms, such as employee attitude surveys and KPI dashboards, make this book more hands-on and practical. • Ethical and legal considerations: Focusses on ethics and compliance/legal considerations for the evolving landscape of HR analytics. • Future-oriented content: Discusses on the future of HR analytics and emerging trends is a dimension of forward-looking. • Agile HR analytics: Includes Agile HR Analytics as an emerging trend. • Staying updated: Acknowledges the importance of staying updated on HR analytics trends. • Clarity and accessibility: Presents a clear, accessible, and engaging text making the book reader-friendly. • The book primarily intended to the students of business schools is equally valuable to the professionals in the field. For instructor’s resources, visit https://www.phindia.com/HR_ analytics_deepa_mukul_partha TARGET AUDIENCE • MBA — HR • Data Analytics and HR Professionals |
factor analysis in python: Programming with TensorFlow Kolla Bhanu Prakash, G. R. Kanagachidambaresan, 2021-01-22 This practical book provides an end-to-end guide to TensorFlow, the leading open source software library that helps you build and train neural networks for deep learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), speech recognition, and general predictive analytics. The book provides a hands-on approach to TensorFlow fundamentals for a broad technical audience—from data scientists and engineers to students and researchers. The authors begin by working through some basic examples in TensorFlow before diving deeper into topics such as CNN, RNN, LSTM, and GNN. The book is written for those who want to build powerful, robust, and accurate predictive models with the power of TensorFlow, combined with other open source Python libraries. The authors demonstrate TensorFlow projects on Single Board Computers (SBCs). |
factor analysis in python: Explanatory Model Analysis Przemyslaw Biecek, Tomasz Burzykowski, 2021-02-15 Explanatory Model Analysis Explore, Explain and Examine Predictive Models is a set of methods and tools designed to build better predictive models and to monitor their behaviour in a changing environment. Today, the true bottleneck in predictive modelling is neither the lack of data, nor the lack of computational power, nor inadequate algorithms, nor the lack of flexible models. It is the lack of tools for model exploration (extraction of relationships learned by the model), model explanation (understanding the key factors influencing model decisions) and model examination (identification of model weaknesses and evaluation of model's performance). This book presents a collection of model agnostic methods that may be used for any black-box model together with real-world applications to classification and regression problems. |
factor analysis in python: Introduction to Machine Learning Jeeva Jose, AICTE recommended book for Indian Universities and Autonomous colleges. This book can be used as a self-study material or for instructor assisted teaching. Frequent questions for interviews and examinations are provided. |
factor analysis in python: Data Science Fundamentals and Practical Approaches Dr. Gypsy Nandi, Dr. Rupam Kumar Sharma, 2020-06-02 Learn how to process and analysis data using PythonÊ KEY FEATURESÊ - The book has theories explained elaborately along with Python code and corresponding output to support the theoretical explanations. The Python codes are provided with step-by-step comments to explain each instruction of the code. - The book is not just dealing with the background mathematics alone or only the programs but beautifully correlates the background mathematics to the theory and then finally translating it into the programs. - A rich set of chapter-end exercises are provided, consisting of both short-answer questions and long-answer questions. DESCRIPTION This book introduces the fundamental concepts of Data Science, which has proved to be a major game-changer in business solving problems.Ê Topics covered in the book include fundamentals of Data Science, data preprocessing, data plotting and visualization, statistical data analysis, machine learning for data analysis, time-series analysis, deep learning for Data Science, social media analytics, business analytics, and Big Data analytics. The content of the book describes the fundamentals of each of the Data Science related topics together with illustrative examples as to how various data analysis techniques can be implemented using different tools and libraries of Python programming language. Each chapter contains numerous examples and illustrative output to explain the important basic concepts. An appropriate number of questions is presented at the end of each chapter for self-assessing the conceptual understanding. The references presented at the end of every chapter will help the readers to explore more on a given topic.Ê WHAT WILL YOU LEARNÊ Perform processing on data for making it ready for visual plot and understand the pattern in data over time. Understand what machine learning is and how learning can be incorporated into a program. Know how tools can be used to perform analysis on big data using python and other standard tools. Perform social media analytics, business analytics, and data analytics on any data of a company or organization. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR The book is for readers with basic programming and mathematical skills. The book is for any engineering graduates that wish to apply data science in their projects or wish to build a career in this direction. The book can be read by anyone who has an interest in data analysis and would like to explore more out of interest or to apply it to certain real-life problems. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Fundamentals of Data Science1 2. Data Preprocessing 3. Data Plotting and Visualization 4. Statistical Data Analysis 5. Machine Learning for Data Science 6. Time-Series Analysis 7. Deep Learning for Data Science 8. Social Media Analytics 9. Business Analytics 10. Big Data Analytics |
factor analysis in python: Thinking Data Science Poornachandra Sarang, 2023-03-01 This definitive guide to Machine Learning projects answers the problems an aspiring or experienced data scientist frequently has: Confused on what technology to use for your ML development? Should I use GOFAI, ANN/DNN or Transfer Learning? Can I rely on AutoML for model development? What if the client provides me Gig and Terabytes of data for developing analytic models? How do I handle high-frequency dynamic datasets? This book provides the practitioner with a consolidation of the entire data science process in a single “Cheat Sheet”. The challenge for a data scientist is to extract meaningful information from huge datasets that will help to create better strategies for businesses. Many Machine Learning algorithms and Neural Networks are designed to do analytics on such datasets. For a data scientist, it is a daunting decision as to which algorithm to use for a given dataset. Although there is no single answer to this question, a systematic approach to problem solving is necessary. This book describes the various ML algorithms conceptually and defines/discusses a process in the selection of ML/DL models. The consolidation of available algorithms and techniques for designing efficient ML models is the key aspect of this book. Thinking Data Science will help practising data scientists, academicians, researchers, and students who want to build ML models using the appropriate algorithms and architectures, whether the data be small or big. |
factor analysis in python: Data Analytics in Cognitive Linguistics Dennis Tay, Molly Xie Pan, 2022-05-09 Contemporary data analytics involves extracting insights from data and translating them into action. With its turn towards empirical methods and convergent data sources, cognitive linguistics is a fertile context for data analytics. There are key differences between data analytics and statistical analysis as typically conceived. Though the former requires the latter, it emphasizes the role of domain-specific knowledge. Statistical analysis also tends to be associated with preconceived hypotheses and controlled data. Data analytics, on the other hand, can help explore unstructured datasets and inspire emergent questions. This volume addresses two key aspects in data analytics for cognitive linguistic work. Firstly, it elaborates the bottom-up guiding role of data analytics in the research trajectory, and how it helps to formulate and refine questions. Secondly, it shows how data analytics can suggest concrete courses of research-based action, which is crucial for cognitive linguistics to be truly applied. The papers in this volume impart various data analytic methods and report empirical studies across different areas of research and application. They aim to benefit new and experienced researchers alike. |
factor analysis in python: Modern Psychometrics with R Patrick Mair, 2018-09-20 This textbook describes the broadening methodology spectrum of psychological measurement in order to meet the statistical needs of a modern psychologist. The way statistics is used, and maybe even perceived, in psychology has drastically changed over the last few years; computationally as well as methodologically. R has taken the field of psychology by storm, to the point that it can now safely be considered the lingua franca for statistical data analysis in psychology. The goal of this book is to give the reader a starting point when analyzing data using a particular method, including advanced versions, and to hopefully motivate him or her to delve deeper into additional literature on the method. Beginning with one of the oldest psychometric model formulations, the true score model, Mair devotes the early chapters to exploring confirmatory factor analysis, modern test theory, and a sequence of multivariate exploratory method. Subsequent chapters present special techniques useful for modern psychological applications including correlation networks, sophisticated parametric clustering techniques, longitudinal measurements on a single participant, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In addition to using real-life data sets to demonstrate each method, the book also reports each method in three parts-- first describing when and why to apply it, then how to compute the method in R, and finally how to present, visualize, and interpret the results. Requiring a basic knowledge of statistical methods and R software, but written in a casual tone, this text is ideal for graduate students in psychology. Relevant courses include methods of scaling, latent variable modeling, psychometrics for graduate students in Psychology, and multivariate methods in the social sciences. |
factor analysis in python: Python for Algorithmic Trading Yves Hilpisch, 2020-11-12 Algorithmic trading, once the exclusive domain of institutional players, is now open to small organizations and individual traders using online platforms. The tool of choice for many traders today is Python and its ecosystem of powerful packages. In this practical book, author Yves Hilpisch shows students, academics, and practitioners how to use Python in the fascinating field of algorithmic trading. You'll learn several ways to apply Python to different aspects of algorithmic trading, such as backtesting trading strategies and interacting with online trading platforms. Some of the biggest buy- and sell-side institutions make heavy use of Python. By exploring options for systematically building and deploying automated algorithmic trading strategies, this book will help you level the playing field. Set up a proper Python environment for algorithmic trading Learn how to retrieve financial data from public and proprietary data sources Explore vectorization for financial analytics with NumPy and pandas Master vectorized backtesting of different algorithmic trading strategies Generate market predictions by using machine learning and deep learning Tackle real-time processing of streaming data with socket programming tools Implement automated algorithmic trading strategies with the OANDA and FXCM trading platforms |
factor analysis in python: Data Mining and Predictive Analytics for Business Decisions Andres Fortino, 2023-01-30 With many recent advances in data science, we have many more tools and techniques available for data analysts to extract information from data sets. This book will assist data analysts to move up from simple tools such as Excel for descriptive analytics to answer more sophisticated questions using machine learning. Most of the exercises use R and Python, but rather than focus on coding algorithms, the book employs interactive interfaces to these tools to perform the analysis. Using the CRISP-DM data mining standard, the early chapters cover conducting the preparatory steps in data mining: translating business information needs into framed analytical questions and data preparation. The Jamovi and the JASP interfaces are used with R and the Orange3 data mining interface with Python. Where appropriate, Voyant and other open-source programs are used for text analytics. The techniques covered in this book range from basic descriptive statistics, such as summarization and tabulation, to more sophisticated predictive techniques, such as linear and logistic regression, clustering, classification, and text analytics. Includes companion files with case study files, solution spreadsheets, data sets and charts, etc. from the book. FEATURES: Covers basic descriptive statistics, such as summarization and tabulation, to more sophisticated predictive techniques, such as linear and logistic regression, clustering, classification, and text analytics Uses R, Python, Jamovi and JASP interfaces, and the Orange3 data mining interface Includes companion files with the case study files from the book, solution spreadsheets, data sets, etc. |
factor analysis in python: Assessing Complexity in Physiological Systems through Biomedical Signals Analysis Paolo Castiglioni, Luca Faes, Gaetano Valenza, 2021-03-02 Complexity is a ubiquitous phenomenon in physiology that allows living systems to adapt to external perturbations. Fractal structures, self-organization, nonlinearity, interactions at different scales, and interconnections among systems through anatomical and functional networks, may originate complexity. Biomedical signals from physiological systems may carry information about the system complexity useful to identify physiological states, monitor health, and predict pathological events. Therefore, complexity analysis of biomedical signals is a rapidly evolving field aimed at extracting information on the physiological systems. This book consists of 16 contributions from authors with a strong scientific background in biomedical signals analysis. It includes reviews on the state-of-the-art of complexity studies in specific medical applications, new methods to improve complexity quantifiers, and novel complexity analyses in physiological or clinical scenarios. It presents a wide spectrum of methods investigating the entropic properties, multifractal structure, self-organized criticality, and information dynamics of biomedical signals touching upon three physiological areas: the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, the heart-brain interactions. The book is aimed at experienced researchers in signal analysis and presents the latest trends in the complexity methods in physiology and medicine with the hope of inspiring future works advancing this fascinating area of research. |
factor analysis in python: Design for Inclusivity Magda Mostafa, Ruth Baumeister, Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen, Martin Tamke, 2023-10-09 The book provides new perspectives from leading experts examining the role of architects and urbanists in designing for inclusivity in our built environment. By focusing on themes of gender, race and ethnicity, ability, neurodiversity, age, poverty and socio-economy and the non-human, the book tackles the complex challenges that designers and scholars encounter and need to address in their works. The volume offers a diverse compilation of peer-reviewed papers related to architecture for inclusivity in various different formats, ranging from visual essays, argumentative papers and scholastic texts. It presents the notion of availability, a concept which works to challenge the othering inherent in notions of inclusion and accessibility. In its introduction it presents a critical discourse around the challenges and potentials lying in the design for availability targeted towards a systemic change of our societies. The book is part of a series of six volumes that explore the agency of the built environment in relation to the SDGs through new research conducted by leading researchers. The series is led by editors Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen and Martin Tamke in collaboration with the theme editors: - Design for Climate Adaptation: Billie Faircloth and Maibritt Pedersen Zari - Design for Rethinking Resources: Carlo Ratti and Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen (Eds.) - Design for Resilient Communities: Anna Rubbo and Juan Du (Eds.) - Design for Health: Arif Hasan and Christian Benimana (Eds.) - Design for Inclusivity: Magda Mostafa and Ruth Baumeister (Eds.) - Design for Partnerships for Change: Sandi Hilal and Merve Bedir (Eds.) |
factor analysis in python: Quantitative Portfolio Management Pierre Brugière, 2020-03-28 This self-contained book presents the main techniques of quantitative portfolio management and associated statistical methods in a very didactic and structured way, in a minimum number of pages. The concepts of investment portfolios, self-financing portfolios and absence of arbitrage opportunities are extensively used and enable the translation of all the mathematical concepts in an easily interpretable way. All the results, tested with Python programs, are demonstrated rigorously, often using geometric approaches for optimization problems and intrinsic approaches for statistical methods, leading to unusually short and elegant proofs. The statistical methods concern both parametric and non-parametric estimators and, to estimate the factors of a model, principal component analysis is explained. The presented Python code and web scraping techniques also make it possible to test the presented concepts on market data. This book will be useful for teaching Masters students and for professionals in asset management, and will be of interest to academics who want to explore a field in which they are not specialists. The ideal pre-requisites consist of undergraduate probability and statistics and a familiarity with linear algebra and matrix manipulation. Those who want to run the code will have to install Python on their pc, or alternatively can use Google Colab on the cloud. Professionals will need to have a quantitative background, being either portfolio managers or risk managers, or potentially quants wanting to double check their understanding of the subject. |
factor analysis in python: Data Analytics in System Engineering Radek Silhavy, |
FACTOR - LinkedIn
Since our inception in 1979, FACTOR® has been committed to providing companies in the petroleum marketing and convenience store industries with proven industry-leading software, …
FACTOR, INC. - LinkedIn
Formerly named Visual Risk Technologies, FACTOR has been solving challenging risk management problems in the transportation, energy, chemical, insurance, and public sectors …
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Developing Futures, Building Today | Factor Corp is at the forefront of property development and construction, crafting innovative spaces that elevate lifestyles and set new benchmarks in quality.
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Factor Group is proud to have been named one of Florida’s Best Companies to Work For in 2009. We have a team of over 150 employees and offices in the United States and Latin America.
Factor - LinkedIn
Factor | 1,416 followers on LinkedIn. Unlocking the hidden insights that enable marketing leaders to make trusted decisions and drive success. | Factor is your go-to data librarian.
Factor Fellowship - LinkedIn
The Factor Fellowship connects New York’s diverse high-performing emerging leaders to careers in startups. | Built by NYC VCs and startups, Factor connects top talent to startup careers.
Factor San Francisco - LinkedIn
Factor makes the internet beautiful. And businesses more profitable. We're a results-driven creative agency, with fully-remote talent working across the US and Canada.
FACTOR - LinkedIn
Since our inception in 1979, FACTOR® has been committed to providing companies in the petroleum marketing and convenience store industries with proven industry-leading software, process ...
FACTOR, INC. - LinkedIn
Formerly named Visual Risk Technologies, FACTOR has been solving challenging risk management problems in the transportation, energy, chemical, insurance, and public sectors since 1997.
Factor Corp - LinkedIn
Developing Futures, Building Today | Factor Corp is at the forefront of property development and construction, crafting innovative spaces that elevate lifestyles and set new benchmarks in quality.
FACTOR GROUP LLC - LinkedIn
Factor Group is proud to have been named one of Florida’s Best Companies to Work For in 2009. We have a team of over 150 employees and offices in the United States and Latin America.
Factor - LinkedIn
Factor | 1,416 followers on LinkedIn. Unlocking the hidden insights that enable marketing leaders to make trusted decisions and drive success. | Factor is your go-to data librarian.
Factor Fellowship - LinkedIn
The Factor Fellowship connects New York’s diverse high-performing emerging leaders to careers in startups. | Built by NYC VCs and startups, Factor connects top talent to startup careers.
Factor San Francisco - LinkedIn
Factor makes the internet beautiful. And businesses more profitable. We're a results-driven creative agency, with fully-remote talent working across the US and Canada.