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| digital business là gì: Contemporary Issues in Digital Marketing Outi Niininen, 2021-11-29 This book presents a comprehensive overview of the key topics, best practices, future opportunities and challenges in the Digital Marketing discourse. With contributions from world-renowned experts, the book covers: Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Analytics in Digital Marketing Emerging technologies and how they can enhance User Experience How ‘digital’ is changing servicescapes Issues surrounding ethics and privacy Current and future issues surrounding Social Media Key considerations for the future of Digital Marketing Case studies and examples from real-life organisations Unique in its rigorous, research-driven and accessible approach to the subject of Digital Marketing, this text is valuable supplementary reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying Digital and Social Media Marketing, Customer Experience Management, Digital Analytics and Digital Transformation. |
| digital business là gì: Business Ideas Ho Thanh Nha, Huynh Thi Hong Ngoc, Le Nguyen Phuong Linh , Le Quynh , Le Sy Hoang, Le Thi Bich Phuong , Le Thi Phuong Dung, Le Thi Tra My , Le Thuy Phuoc Tan, Le Tran Thanh Phuong, Le Tuong Chinh, Nguyen Linh Giang, Nguyen Phan Phuong Thao, Nguyen Phuong Anh Luong, Nguyen Thanh Nhan, Nguyen Thi Hong Ngoc , Nguyen Thu Thao , Pham Hong Quang, Pham Le Truc Anh, Phan Cong Quy, Phan Hoang Quynh My, Phan Thi Thanh Hieu, Phan Truong Son Phuong, Tran Nguyen Tra An , Tran Thanh Danh , Tran Vo Dinh Kha, Trinh Khanh Thi, Truong Nguyen Lan Nhi, 2024-04-11 This edition is meticulously crafted to serve as a beacon for aspiring entrepreneurs, seasoned business professionals, and academicians, providing a panoramic view of the emerging trends and challenges in the business landscape of the 21st century. It is more than just a compilation of business concepts; it is a reflection of the collective wisdom and experiences of a diverse group of contributors. From the intricacies of sustainable fashion to the cutting-edge advancements in digital services, this volume encapsulates the essence of modern entrepreneurship—where sustainability, technology, and human-centric design converge to create value. |
| digital business là gì: Nguyên Lý Marketing - Principles of Marketing Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, Nguyên Lý Marketing - Principles of Marketing Cuốn sách có thể được xem như là giáo trình kinh điển dành cho bất cứ ai muốn nghiên cứu lĩnh vực marketing, bởi nó chứa bên trong gần như tất cả những gì bạn cần biết về marketing – từ định nghĩa, lý luận, các nguyên tắc, cho đến ứng dụng, ví dụ thực tế. Sách cũng không ngừng được chỉnh sửa, tái biên soạn, cập nhật thêm thông tin, trường hợp nghiên cứu mới cho phù hợp với tình hình kinh tế không ngừng thay đổi. ĐẶC ĐIỂM NỔI BẬT: - Ngoài các khái niệm cốt lõi của lĩnh vực marketing được tổng kết qua thời gian, hai tác giả Philip Kotler và Gary Armstrong tập trung vào phân tích công việc marketing trong bối cảnh kinh tế đầy thách thức hiện nay. Cuốn sách trình bày thông tin marketing nền tảng theo một hình thức sáng tạo và dễ hiểu, đầy đủ những dẫn chứng, minh họa được lấy từ thực tiễn sống động của thương trường. Sau mỗi chương sách đều có phần tóm tắt rất cô đọng, giúp người đọc củng cố lại kiến thức tiếp thu được trong chương đó. Đồng thời, sách cũng có phần thảo luận và ứng dụng nhằm mở rộng hiểu biết của độc giả về lĩnh vực này. - Tác giả của cuốn sách – giáo sư marketing Philip Kotler được coi là cha đẻ của ngành marketing hiện đại. Ông được xem là huyền thoại duy nhất về marketing, đồng thời là một trong bốn nhà quản trị vĩ đại nhất mọi thời đại, cùng với Peter Drucker, Jack Welch và Bill Gates. Không chỉ trong lĩnh vực học thuật, những kiến thức của Kotler còn được tiếp nhận và áp dụng rộng rãi trong kinh doanh toàn cầu. Philip Kotler nổi tiếng khắp thế giới vì là tác giả của hơn 100 cuốn sách và bài báo chuyên về marketing và quản trị kinh doanh. Giáo sư Kotler còn có tác động tích cực tới nền kinh doanh trên toàn thế giới bởi ông phổ biến khái niệm marketing xã hội, trách nhiệm xã hội của marketing và giúp thế giới xây dựng một nền kinh doanh nhân bản hơn. - 20 chương của cuốn sách là một bộ khung toàn diện với những kiến thức vô cùng đầy đủ, chi tiết cho bất cứ ai muốn có cái nhìn tổng quan về ngành marketing. Sách rất nhiều lí thuyết nhưng được trình bày dưới bàn tay và khối óc của ông vua marketing nên cũng giống như một sản phẩm giá trị. Đi kèm với lí thuyết luôn là những ví dụ minh họa sinh động, dễ hiểu và đa góc cạnh nên người đọc không hề thấy nhàm chán. |
| digital business là gì: Quản trị nhân sự thông minh bằng dữ liệu Bernard Marr, Bộ công cụ phân tích và đo lường hiệu quả công việc trong thời đại số Quản trị nhân sự từ trước đến nay vẫn được coi là ngành gắn với con người hơn là các con số và dữ liệu. Tuy nhiên, trong thời đại số hiện nay, vai trò của đội ngũ quản trị nhân sự đang thay đổi; và khi khả năng thu thập, phân tích dữ liệu của họ không ngừng gia tăng, cơ hội để đội ngũ quản trị nhân sự mang lại giá trị gia tăng cho tổ chức và góp phần đạt được các mục tiêu chiến lược cũng sẽ tăng theo. Quản trị nhân sự thông minh bằng dữ liệu là một hướng dẫn thực tế cho phép các chuyên gia nhân sự tận dụng giá trị của lượng dữ liệu khổng lồ có sẵn trong tầm tay. Đề cập tất cả các yếu tố chính của quản trị nhân sự như tuyển dụng, gắn kết nhân viên, quản lý hiệu suất, phúc lợi và đào tạo, cuốn sách nghiên cứu cách dữ liệu có thể đóng góp cho thành công của tổ chức, từ việc tối ưu hóa quy trình, thúc đẩy hiệu suất cho đến ra quyết định nhân sự. Thông qua việc cung cấp cách xác định các nguồn dữ liệu hữu ích nhất, thu thập thông tin minh bạch phù hợp với yêu cầu bảo vệ dữ liệu và biến chúng thành thông tin chi tiết hữu hình, cuốn sách đánh dấu một bước ngoặt mới cho nghề nhân sự. |
| digital business là gì: Digital Branding Daniel Rowles, 2014-04-03 Digital Branding gives step-by-step, practical guidance on how to build a brand online. Through exploring topics like content marketing, social media, search optimisation and web analytics, Daniel Rowles develops a robust framework for brand planning, channel selection and measuring the effectiveness of your brand campaigns. Digital Branding contains real world case studies, a guide to the free and paid tools that can help measure digital branding in each of the different online channels, examples of social guidelines, process and policy and an original step by step digital branding process along with measurement techniques and guidelines. |
| digital business là gì: Digital Marketing Excellence Dave Chaffey, PR Smith, 2022-07-22 Now in its sixth edition, the hugely popular Digital Marketing Excellence is a practical guide to creating and executing integrated digital marketing plans, combining established approaches to marketing planning with the creative use of new digital models and digital tools. Written by two highly experienced digital marketing consultants, the book shows you how to: Draw up an outline integrated digital marketing plan Evaluate and apply digital marketing principles and models Integrate online and offline communications Implement customer-driven digital marketing as part of digital transformation Reduce costly trial and error Measure and enhance your digital marketing Learn best practices for reaching and engaging your audiences using the key digital marketing platforms. This new edition has been streamlined to seamlessly integrate the latest developments in digital analytics, ethics and privacy, Predictive Analytics, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Including new international case studies and up-to-date examples throughout, this book cuts through the jargon to show marketers how to leverage data and digital technologies to their advantage. Offering a highly structured and accessible guide to a critical and far-reaching subject, Digital Marketing Excellence, 6th edition, provides a vital reference point for all digital marketing students, and managers involved in digital marketing strategy and implementation. Online resources have been fully updated for the new edition and include a new set of PowerPoint slides and a full test bank of questions and exercises. |
| digital business là gì: Người Khổng Lồ Nhỏ Bé LAM HUYNH, 2021-10-12 Thị trường kinh doanh luôn sôi động, sự cạnh tranh và đào thải cũng như cơ hội luôn tồn tại song hành. Một doanh nghiệp cho dù có tạo ra những sản phẩm tốt vượt trội như thế nào nhưng nếu không thể mang đến tận tay người tiêu dùng. Thì nó cũng chỉ dừng lại ở một phổ rộng nhất định. Nhưng nếu doanh nghiệp của bạn đang sở hữu một đội ngũ Marketing tài năng, có tầm nhìn rộng và định hướng sản phẩm tuyệt vời. Thì có thể đảm bảo sự thành công của thương hiệu của doanh nghiệp đó không dừng lại trong nước và có thể vươn xa hơn. Một cách ngắn gọn và chính xác nhất theo GS. Philip Kotler (Giáo sư Marketing nổi tiếng nhất thế giới – “cha đẻ” của Marketing hiện đại) cho rằng: “Marketing là quá trình tạo dựng các giá trị từ khách hàng và mối quan hệ thân thiết với khách hàng nhằm mục đích thu về giá trị lợi ích cho doanh nghiệp, tổ chức từ những giá trị đã được tạo ra” Giấc mơ của các công ty nhỏ là một ngày nào đó mình sẽ trở thành “ông lớn” trên thị trường. Và trên thực tế, hầu hết các công ty lớn ngày nay đều có xuất phát điểm từ những công ty nhỏ, hoặc rất nhỏ. Điều gì đã biến giấc mơ của họ thành hiện thực? Bí quyết rất đơn giản, họ đã tìm ra đúng con đường đi của mình. Khi một công ty đã đủ trưởng thành với lượng khách hàng trung thành lớn, nguồn vốn dồi dào, liệu rằng họ sẽ khoác lên mình một chiếc áo rộng hơn? |
| digital business là gì: Facebook Marketing từ A đến Z Trung Đức, Thành Bobber, Hoàng Leo, Logic, đơn giản và dễ hiểu là những gì Facebook Marketing từ A đến Z của tác giả Trung Đức đem lại cho người đọc. Bạn sẽ dễ dàng tìm được câu trả lời cho những vấn đề rắc rối về các công cụ, kỹ thuật marketing thời đại số qua những bí quyết được sắp xếp vô cùng logic từ mức độ dễ đến khó. Bạn chỉ là người mới bắt đầu, hay đã có được một số nền tảng nhất định, không sao cả, cuốn sách này chắc chắn dành cho bạn vì học hỏi kinh nghiệm thực tế từ một người có thành tích thâm niên trong nghề như tác giả Trung Đức không bao giờ là một điều thừa thãi. Không chỉ được sắp xếp theo trình tự logic hợp lý, các ví dụ trong quyển sách này còn được minh hoạ bằng những hình ảnh rõ ràng cụ kể kết hợp với lối dẫn dắt mạch lạc sẽ giúp bạn có được cái nhìn tổng quan lẫn chi tiết về các hoạt động marketing cụ thể trên mạng xã hội facebook. Tất cả câu trả lời của bạn sẽ nằm ở đây trừ khi nhà sáng lập facebook Mark Zuckerberg cải biến nó thành một điều gì đó khác biệt hơn bây giờ gấp nhiều lần. Đi từ những bài học nhỏ đến những bài học lớn, từ những cấp độ đơn giản đến những kỹ thuật khó khăn hơn, Facebook Marketing từ A đến Z cung cấp cho bạn tất tần tật những gì có thể liên quan đến mạng xã hội lớn nhất thế giới này. Đó có thể là cơ chế vận hành của facebook, về cách mạng xã hội này khai thác và phân tích tư duy lẫn hành vi người dùng, những công cụ giúp mang đến thông tin hữu ích để bạn có thể đánh trúng được khách hàng mục tiêu cho chiến lược marketing của mình. ___ Xây dựng và phát triển nội dung: https://trungduc.net Hỗ trợ truyền thông: https://mediaz.vn |
| digital business là gì: Designed for Digital Jeanne W. Ross, Cynthia M. Beath, Martin Mocker, 2019-09-24 Practical advice for redesigning “big, old” companies for digital success, with examples from Amazon, BNY Mellon, LEGO, Philips, USAA, and many other global organizations. Most established companies have deployed such digital technologies as the cloud, mobile apps, the internet of things, and artificial intelligence. But few established companies are designed for digital. This book offers an essential guide for retooling organizations for digital success. In the digital economy, rapid pace of change in technology capabilities and customer desires means that business strategy must be fluid. As a result, the authors explain, business design has become a critical management responsibility. Effective business design enables a company to quickly pivot in response to new competitive threats and opportunities. Most leaders today, however, rely on organizational structure to implement strategy, unaware that structure inhibits, rather than enables, agility. In companies that are designed for digital, people, processes, data, and technology are synchronized to identify and deliver innovative customer solutions—and redefine strategy. Digital design, not strategy, is what separates winners from losers in the digital economy. Designed for Digital offers practical advice on digital transformation, with examples that include Amazon, BNY Mellon, DBS Bank, LEGO, Philips, Schneider Electric, USAA, and many other global organizations. Drawing on five years of research and in-depth case studies, the book is an essential guide for companies that want to disrupt rather than be disrupted in the new digital landscape. Five Building Blocks of Digital Business Success: Shared Customer Insights Operational Backbone Digital Platform Accountability Framework External Developer Platform |
| digital business là gì: Giải pháp cho đổi mới và sáng tạo Clayton M. Christensen, Michael E. Raynor, Thị trường tài chính không ngừng đòi hỏi các giám đốc điều hành phải tăng trưởng và liên tục tăng trưởng nhanh hơn nữa. Đó là yêu cầu cấp thiết hàng đầu đối với bất cứ doanh nghiệp nào đã phát triển ổn định lĩnh vực kinh doanh cốt lõi. Tuy nhiên, không phải doanh nghiệp nào cũng có những chiến lược tăng trưởng đúng cách. Vì thế đôi khi chính các nỗ lực tăng trưởng khiến toàn bộ tập đoàn phá sản, đẩy hầu hết các giám đốc điều hành vào thế bế tắc: thị trường vốn cổ phần đòi hỏi họ tăng trưởng, nhưng lại không biết làm thế nào để tăng trưởng đúng hướng. Do đó, theo đuổi tăng trưởng không đúng cách có khi còn tồi tệ hơn là không tăng trưởng chút nào. Giải pháp cho đổi mới và sáng tạo viết về những chiến lược tạo đà tăng trưởng trong kinh doanh, thông qua việc bóc trần những nghịch lý phía sau thất bại của rất nhiều các nhà lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp: bằng cách quá tập trung vào việc làm hài lòng những khách hàng mang đến nhiều lợi nhuận nhất cho họ, những công ty này thực sự đã mở đường cho sự sụp đổ của chính mình qua việc từ chối những công nghệ và chiến lược tăng trưởng mới. Giải pháp cho đổi mới và sáng tạo sẽ giúp tất cả các công ty hiểu được cách làm thế nào để trở thành những người đổi mới và tự trở thành vị cứu tinh của chính mình. Cuốn sách cũng mở đường cho sáng tạo bằng những chiến lược và giải pháp đổi mới, cứu các doanh nghiệp và nhà lãnh đạo khỏi những lối mòn sai lầm, giúp cải cách thành công trên thương trường ngày một khó khăn và khốc liệt. |
| digital business là gì: Content Inc.: How Entrepreneurs Use Content to Build Massive Audiences and Create Radically Successful Businesses Joe Pulizzi, 2015-09-04 “Instead of throwing money away and sucking up to A-listers, now there is a better way to promote your business. It’s called content marketing, and this book is a great way to master this new technique.” -Guy Kawasaki, Chief evangelist of Canva and author of The Art of the Start 2.0 How do you take the maximum amount of risk out of starting a business? Joe Pulizzi shows us. Fascinate your audience, then turn them into loyal fans. Content Inc. shows you how. Use it as your roadmap to startup success.” -Sally Hogshead, New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestselling author, How the World Sees You If you're serious about turning content into a business, this is the most detailed, honest, and useful book ever written. -Jay Baer, New York Times bestselling author of Youtility The approach to business taught all over the world is to create a product and then spend a bunch of money to market and sell it. Joe outlines a radically new way to succeed in business: Develop your audience first by creating content that draws people in and then watch your business sell themselves! -David Meerman Scott bestselling author of ten books including The New Rules of Sales and Service The digital age has fundamentally reshaped the cost curve for entrepreneurs. Joe describes the formula for developing a purpose-driven business that connects with an engaged and loyal audience around content. With brand, voice and audience, building and monetizing a business is easy. -Julie Fleischer, Sr. Director, Data + Content + Media, Kraft Foods What if you launched a business with nothing to sell, and instead focused first on serving the needs of an audience, trusting that the 'selling' part would come later? Crazy? Or crazy-brilliant? I'd say the latter. Because in today's world, you should serve before selling. -Ann Handley, author of the Wall Street Journal bestseller Everybody Writes and Content Rules Today, anyone, anywhere with a passion and a focus on a content niche can build a multi-million dollar platform and business. I did it and so can you. Just follow Joe's plan and hisContent Inc. model. -John Lee Dumas, Founder, EntrepreneurOnFire The Internet doesn't need more content. It needs amazing content. Content Inc is the business blueprint on how to achieve that. If you're in business and are tired of hearing about the need for content marketing, but want the how and the proof, Content Inc is your blueprint. -Scott Stratten, bestselling author and President of UnMarketing Inc. Content marketing is by far the best marketing strategy for every company and Joe is by far the best guru on the topic. I wish this book was available when we started our content marketing initiative. It would have saved us a huge amount of time and effort! -Scott Maxwell, Managing Partner/Founder OpenView Venture Partners |
| digital business là gì: Lean Analytics Alistair Croll, Benjamin Yoskovitz, 2024-02-23 Whether you're a startup founder trying to disrupt an industry or an entrepreneur trying to provoke change from within, your biggest challenge is creating a product people actually want. Lean Analytics steers you in the right direction. This book shows you how to validate your initial idea, find the right customers, decide what to build, how to monetize your business, and how to spread the word. Packed with more than thirty case studies and insights from over a hundred business experts, Lean Analytics provides you with hard-won, real-world information no entrepreneur can afford to go without. Understand Lean Startup, analytics fundamentals, and the data-driven mindset Look at six sample business models and how they map to new ventures of all sizes Find the One Metric That Matters to you Learn how to draw a line in the sand, so you'll know it's time to move forward Apply Lean Analytics principles to large enterprises and established products |
| digital business là gì: Marketing 5.0 Philip Kotler, Hermawan Kartajaya, Iwan Setiawan, 2021-01-27 Rediscover the fundamentals of marketing from the best in the business In Marketing 5.0, the celebrated promoter of the “Four P’s of Marketing,” Philip Kotler, explains how marketers can use technology to address customers’ needs and make a difference in the world. In a new age when marketers are struggling with the digital transformation of business and the changing behavior of customers, this book provides marketers with a way to integrate technological and business model evolution with the dramatic shifts in consumer behavior that have happened in the last decade. Following the pattern presented in his bestselling Marketing X.0 series, Philip Kotler covers the crucial topics necessary to understand modern marketing, including: · Artificial Intelligence for marketing automation · Agile marketing · “Segments of one” marketing · Contextual technology · Facial recognition and voice tech for marketing · The future of Customer Experience (CX) · Transmedia storytelling · The “Whatever-Whenever-Wherever” service delivery · “Everything-As-A-Service” business model · Internet of Things and blockchain for marketing · Virtual and augmented reality marketing · Corporate activism Perfect for traditional and digital marketers, as well as students and teachers of marketing and business, Marketing 5.0 reinvigorates the field of marketing with actionable recommendations and unique insights. |
| digital business là gì: Digital Enterprise Transformation Axel Uhl, Lars Alexander Gollenia, 2016-04-22 The integration of technological innovations, such as In-Memory Analytics, Cloud Computing, Mobile Connectivity, and Social Media, with business practice can enable significant competitive advantage. In order to embrace recent challenges and changes in the governance of IT strategies, SAP and its think tank - the Business Transformation Academy (BTA) - have jointly developed the Digital Capability Framework (DCF). Digital Enterprise Transformation: A Business-Driven Approach to Leveraging Innovative IT by Axel Uhl and Lars Alexander Gollenia outlines the DCF which comprises six specific capabilities: Innovation Management, Transformation Management, IT Excellence, Customer Centricity, Effective Knowledge Worker, and Operational Excellence. In cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, University of St. Gallen (Switzerland), Queensland University of Technology (Australia), University of Liechtenstein (Principality of Liechtenstein), and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), SAP and the BTA have been validating each capability and the corresponding maturity models based on analyzing several ’lighthouse’ case studies comprising: SAMSUNG, IBM, Finanz Informatik, The Walt Disney Company, Google Inc., HILTI AG. Digital Enterprise Transformation presents how these companies take advantage of innovative IT and how they develop their digital capabilities. On top the authors also develop and present a range of novel yet hands-on Digital Use Cases for a number of different industries which have emerged from innovative technological trends such as: Big Data, Cloud Computing, 3D Printing and Internet of Things. |
| digital business là gì: Amazon.com - Phát Triển Thần Tốc Robert Spector, Đinh Khải Văn, Jeff Bezos từ vị trí là biểu tượng cho việc kinh doanh trực tuyến trở thành biểu tượng sáng chói của điều bị người ta đã sai lầm khi xem như bọt bong bóng xà phòng: Internet. Kế hoạch kinh doanh vẫn chưa được kiểm chứng. Hàng tồn đầy ắp và rất nhiều công ty kinh doanh trên Internet được Amazon.com đầu tư không còn tồn tại, nhưng Amazon.com vẫn còn đó. Có một dòng trên bìa quyển sách này: “Chương cuối cùng chính là chương để ngỏ để kể tiếp câu chuyện”. Nếu quảng cáo trung thực thì điều này không hoàn toàn đúng. Đây chính là điều mà chúng ta sắp nói về Amazon.com. Hầu như mỗi ngày người ta đều đưa tin về công ty. Ngay thời điểm bạn đọc quyển sách này, câu chuyện chỉ mới cập nhật một phần. Viết về lịch sử một công ty kinh doanh đương đại là như vậy. |
| digital business là gì: How Brands Grow Byron Sharp, 2010-03-11 This book provides evidence-based answers to the key questions asked by marketers every day. Tackling issues such as how brands grow, how advertising really works, what price promotions really do and how loyalty programs really affect loyalty, How Brands Grow presents decades of research in a style that is written for marketing professionals to grow their brands. |
| digital business là gì: COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING NARAYAN CHANGDER, 2024-05-16 THE COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING MCQ (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) SERVES AS A VALUABLE RESOURCE FOR INDIVIDUALS AIMING TO DEEPEN THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF VARIOUS COMPETITIVE EXAMS, CLASS TESTS, QUIZ COMPETITIONS, AND SIMILAR ASSESSMENTS. WITH ITS EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF MCQS, THIS BOOK EMPOWERS YOU TO ASSESS YOUR GRASP OF THE SUBJECT MATTER AND YOUR PROFICIENCY LEVEL. BY ENGAGING WITH THESE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS, YOU CAN IMPROVE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT, IDENTIFY AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT, AND LAY A SOLID FOUNDATION. DIVE INTO THE COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING MCQ TO EXPAND YOUR COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING KNOWLEDGE AND EXCEL IN QUIZ COMPETITIONS, ACADEMIC STUDIES, OR PROFESSIONAL ENDEAVORS. THE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS ARE PROVIDED AT THE END OF EACH PAGE, MAKING IT EASY FOR PARTICIPANTS TO VERIFY THEIR ANSWERS AND PREPARE EFFECTIVELY. |
| digital business là gì: The Customer Rules Lee Cockerell, 2013-03-05 The former Executive Vice President of Walt Disney World shares indispensible Rules for serving customers with consistency, efficiency, creativity, sincerity, and excellence. Lee Cockerell knows that success in business--any business--depends upon winning and keeping customers. In 39 digestible, bite-sized chapters, Lee shares everything he has learned in his 40+ year career in the hospitality industry about creating an environment that keeps customers coming back for more. Here, Lee not only shows why the customer always rules, but also the Rules for serving customers so well they'll never want to do business with anyone but you. For example: Rule #1: Customer Service Is Not a Department Rule #3: Great Service Follows the Laws of Gravity Rule #5: Ask Yourself What Would Mom Do? Rule #19: Be a Copycat Rule #25. Treat Every Customer like a Regular Rule #39: Don’t Try Too Hard As simple as they are profound, these principles have been shown to work in companies as large as Disney and as small as a local coffee shop; from businesses selling cutting-edge technologies like computer tablets to those selling products as timeless as shoes and handbags; at corporations as long-standing as Ford Motors and those as nascent as a brand new start-up. And they have been proven indispensible at all levels of a company, from managers responsible for hiring and training employees, setting policies and procedures, and shaping the company culture to front line staff who deal directly with clients and customers Chock-full of universal advice, applicable online and off, The Customer Rules is the essential handbook for service excellence everywhere. |
| digital business là gì: HBR Handbook - Cẩm Nang Quản Trị Toàn Tập Từ Harvard: Cẩm Nang Doanh Nhân Harvard Business Review, Kinh điển với triết lý: “Hãy bước chân ra khỏi văn phòng” để hiểu về thực tế nhu cầu, những khó khăn của khách hàng xung quanh và cả những gì đối thủ cạnh tranh đang làm được, Steve Blank đã làm thay đổi cách vận hành của nhiều startup - vốn cắm cúi ngồi phát triển sản phẩm rồi rơi vào cái bẫy hơn 60% thất bại do thị trường không có nhu cầu. Với việc triển khai mô hình phát triển khách hàng gồm bốn bước: khám phá khách hàng, thẩm định khách hàng, sáng tạo khách hàng và phát triển công ty, tác giả đã chỉ ra những bước hướng dẫn hết sức cụ thể để một startup có thể phát triển khách hàng ngay từ bước đầu tiến đến xây dựng một công ty bền vững. Cuốn sách này có lẽ nên là cuốn sách đầu tiên mọi khởi nghiệp nên đọc để bắt đầu hành trình khởi nghiệp của mình. |
| digital business là gì: Upside Down Management John Timpson, 2010-05-06 There's a lot of hot air in the world of business. Wouldn't it be nice just to hear some common sense? That's exactly what John Timpson has got. After four decades running his family business and turning it into one of the high street's biggest success stories, he really knows what works and what doesn't. Upside Down Management shares with you all the wisdom he's accumulated in that time. From being the CEO to his trademark 'upside down management', and from breaking the rules to following your conscience, this book tells it like it is. Upside Down Management is a fantastic insider's view of what really makes a family business tick. |
| digital business là gì: The Effortless Experience Matthew Dixon, Nick Toman, Rick DeLisi, 2013-09-12 Everyone knows that the best way to create customer loyalty is with service so good, so over the top, that it surprises and delights. But what if everyone is wrong? In their acclaimed bestseller The Challenger Sale, Matthew Dixon and his colleagues at CEB busted many longstanding myths about sales. Now they’ve turned their research and analysis to a new vital business subject—customer loyalty—with a new book that turns the conventional wisdom on its head. The idea that companies must delight customers by exceeding service expectations is so entrenched that managers rarely even question it. They devote untold time, energy, and resources to trying to dazzle people and inspire their undying loyalty. Yet CEB’s careful research over five years and tens of thousands of respondents proves that the “dazzle factor” is wildly overrated—it simply doesn’t predict repeat sales, share of wallet, or positive wordof-mouth. The reality: Loyalty is driven by how well a company delivers on its basic promises and solves day-to-day problems, not on how spectacular its service experience might be. Most customers don’t want to be “wowed”; they want an effortless experience. And they are far more likely to punish you for bad service than to reward you for good service. If you put on your customer hat rather than your manager or marketer hat, this makes a lot of sense. What do you really want from your cable company, a free month of HBO when it screws up or a fast, painless restoration of your connection? What about your bank—do you want free cookies and a cheerful smile, even a personal relationship with your teller? Or just a quick in-and-out transaction and an easy way to get a refund when it accidentally overcharges on fees? The Effortless Experience takes readers on a fascinating journey deep inside the customer experience to reveal what really makes customers loyal—and disloyal. The authors lay out the four key pillars of a low-effort customer experience, along the way delivering robust data, shocking insights and profiles of companies that are already using the principles revealed by CEB’s research, with great results. And they include many tools and templates you can start applying right away to improve service, reduce costs, decrease customer churn, and ultimately generate the elusive loyalty that the “dazzle factor” fails to deliver. The rewards are there for the taking, and the pathway to achieving them is now clearly marked. |
| digital business là gì: Capacity Building Towards Integration , 2005 |
| digital business là gì: MODERNITAS LAYANAN PERBANKAN DIGITALISASI & GLOBALISASI Dr. Edy Purwo Saputro, S.E., M.Si, Lintang Kurniawati, S.E., M.Si, Dewi Probowati Setyaningrum, S.E., M.M, Ahmad Febriyanto, Modernitas layanan perbankan tidak bisa lagi diabaikan karena realitas tuntutan persaingan yang semakin ketat dan juga konsekuensi dari modernitas layanan era digitalisasi yang memungkinkan semua transaksi dilakukan secara realtime online tanpa mengenal jeda ruang dan waktu. Selain itu, kecerdasan buatan yang saat ini semakin cerdas juga memungkinkan kemudahan, kecepatan dan kenyamanan di semua layanan perbankan, termasuk juga semakin familiernya masyarakat dalam berinteraksi memanfaatkan layanan internet dan digital. Oleh karena itu, menjadi peluang dan tantangan bagi perbankan untuk membangun modernitas layanan di era now untuk memuaskan nasabah dan meningkatkan kompetensi, juga tentunya daya saing dalam upaya memenangkan persaingan yang semakin ketat. Meskipun demikian, modernitas layanan perbankan tidak bisa terlepas dari ancaman, baik itu karena faktor human error atau technical error. Terkait hal ini, maka regulasi model layanan digitalisasi perbankan juga harus dibangun secara kuat untuk mendukung jaminan terkait aspek kemanfaatan, kemudahan, kecepatan, dan keamanannya. |
| digital business là gì: The Long Tail Chris Anderson, 2006-07-11 What happens when the bottlenecks that stand between supply and demand in our culture go away and everything becomes available to everyone? The Long Tail is a powerful new force in our economy: the rise of the niche. As the cost of reaching consumers drops dramatically, our markets are shifting from a one-size-fits-all model of mass appeal to one of unlimited variety for unique tastes. From supermarket shelves to advertising agencies, the ability to offer vast choice is changing everything, and causing us to rethink where our markets lie and how to get to them. Unlimited selection is revealing truths about what consumers want and how they want to get it, from DVDs at Netflix to songs on iTunes to advertising on Google. However, this is not just a virtue of online marketplaces; it is an example of an entirely new economic model for business, one that is just beginning to show its power. After a century of obsessing over the few products at the head of the demand curve, the new economics of distribution allow us to turn our focus to the many more products in the tail, which collectively can create a new market as big as the one we already know. The Long Tail is really about the economics of abundance. New efficiencies in distribution, manufacturing, and marketing are essentially resetting the definition of what's commercially viable across the board. If the 20th century was about hits, the 21st will be equally about niches. |
| digital business là gì: Hypnotic Writing Joe Vitale, 2006-12-22 Discover the secrets of written persuasion! The principles of hypnosis, when applied to copywriting, add a new spin to selling. Joe Vitale has taken hypnotic words to set the perfect sales environment and then shows us how to use those words to motivate a prospect to take the action you want. This is truly a new and effective approach to copywriting, which I strongly recommend you learn. It's pure genius. -Joseph Sugarman, author of Triggers I've read countless book on persuasion, but none come close to this one in showing you exactly how to put your readers into a buying trance that makes whatever you are offering them irresistible. -David Garfinkel, author of Advertising Headlines That Make You Rich I am a huge fan of Vitale and his books, and Hypnotic Writing (first published more than twenty years ago), is my absolute favorite. Updated with additional text and fresh examples, especially from e-mail writing, Joe's specialty, Hypnotic Writing is the most important book on copywriting (yes, that's really what it is about) to be published in this century. Read it. It will make you a better copywriter, period. -Bob Bly, copywriter and author of The Copywriter's Handbook I couldn't put this book down. It's eye opening and filled with genuinely new stuff about writing and persuading better. And it communicates it brilliantly and teaches it brilliantly-exemplifying the techniques by the writing of the book itself as you go along. -David Deutsch, author of Think Inside the Box, www.thinkinginside.com Hypnotic Writing is packed with so much great information it's hard to know where to start. The insights, strategies, and tactics in the book are easy to apply yet deliver one heck of a punch. And in case there's any question how to apply them, the before-and-after case studies drive the points home like nothing else can. Hypnotic Writing is not just about hypnotic writing. It is hypnotic writing. On the count of three, you're going to love it. Just watch and see. -Blair Warren, author of The Forbidden Keys to Persuasion |
| digital business là gì: Storytelling with Data Cole Nussbaumer Knaflic, 2015-10-09 Don't simply show your data—tell a story with it! Storytelling with Data teaches you the fundamentals of data visualization and how to communicate effectively with data. You'll discover the power of storytelling and the way to make data a pivotal point in your story. The lessons in this illuminative text are grounded in theory, but made accessible through numerous real-world examples—ready for immediate application to your next graph or presentation. Storytelling is not an inherent skill, especially when it comes to data visualization, and the tools at our disposal don't make it any easier. This book demonstrates how to go beyond conventional tools to reach the root of your data, and how to use your data to create an engaging, informative, compelling story. Specifically, you'll learn how to: Understand the importance of context and audience Determine the appropriate type of graph for your situation Recognize and eliminate the clutter clouding your information Direct your audience's attention to the most important parts of your data Think like a designer and utilize concepts of design in data visualization Leverage the power of storytelling to help your message resonate with your audience Together, the lessons in this book will help you turn your data into high impact visual stories that stick with your audience. Rid your world of ineffective graphs, one exploding 3D pie chart at a time. There is a story in your data—Storytelling with Data will give you the skills and power to tell it! |
| digital business là gì: Rủ nhau lên mạng đào vàng Nathaniel Popper, Digital Gold (Vàng số) là cuốn sách lịch sử xuất sắc và vô cùng hấp dẫn về sự ra đời của bitcoin, một tượng đài trong các loại tiền số, một công nghệ tài chính nhưng đã và đang vươn rộng tầm ảnh hưởng tới nhiều lĩnh vực xã hội trên toàn cầu. Digital Gold – Rủ Nhau Lên Mạng Đào Vàng kể về sự ra đời và phát triển của công nghệ bitcoin qua con mắt của các nhân vật trung tâm rất thú vị trong trào lưu này, như nhà triệu phú người Argentina, một doanh nhân Trung Quốc, cặp anh em sinh đôi nổi tiếng Tyler và Cameron Winklevoss, hay thậm chí là nhà phát minh bí ẩn của chính bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin có thể là một sản phẩm của ngành khoa học máy tính, nhưng nó lại là một câu chuyện rất người… Cuốn sách sử vô cùng lý thú này một lần nữa nhắc cho chúng ta nhớ rằng sự thật đôi khi còn lạ lùng hơn cả tiểu thuyết.” – Larry Summers, cựu bộ trưởng Ngân khố Mỹ |
| digital business là gì: Internet - Technical Development and Applications Ewaryst Tkacz, Adrian Kapczynski, 2009-10-13 Internet technologies and systems are nowadays the key enablers of digital economy and modern world-wide connected society. This contributed book is a collection of cautiously chosen articles delivered by specialists with significant level of expertise in the domain of Internet technical foundations and its applications. The content of the book is divided into three parts: Internet - technical fundamentals and applications Information management systems Information security in distributed computer systems This book is a reference tool prepared for scientists and other persons involved in designing, implementation and evaluation of internet technologies. Its readers can be found among researchers, teachers and also students of computer science and related disciplines. |
| digital business là gì: Society Of The Spectacle Guy Debord, 2012-10-01 The Das Kapital of the 20th century,Society of the Spectacle is an essential text, and the main theoretical work of the Situationists. Few works of political and cultural theory have been as enduringly provocative. From its publication amid the social upheavals of the 1960's, in particular the May 1968 uprisings in France, up to the present day, with global capitalism seemingly staggering around in it’s Zombie end-phase, the volatile theses of this book have decisively transformed debates on the shape of modernity, capitalism, and everyday life in the late 20th century. This ‘Red and Black’ translation from 1977 is Introduced by Notting Hill armchair insurrectionary Tom Vague with a galloping time line and pop-situ verve, and given a more analytical over view by young upstart thinker Sam Cooper. |
| digital business là gì: Tạp chí cộng sản , 1998 |
| digital business là gì: Dirty Gold Michael John Bloomfield, 2017 The response from the jewelry industry to a campaign for ethically sourced gold as a case study in the power of business in global environmental politics. Gold mining can be a dirty business. It creates immense amounts of toxic materials that are difficult to dispose of. Mines are often developed without community consent, and working conditions for miners can be poor. Income from gold has funded wars. And consumers buy wedding rings and gold chains not knowing about any of this. In Dirty Gold, Michael Bloomfield shows what happened when Earthworks, a small Washington-based NGO, launched a campaign for ethically sourced gold in the consumer jewelry market, targeting Tiffany and other major firms. The unfolding of the campaign and its effect on the jewelry industry offer a lesson in the growing influence of business in global environmental politics. Earthworks planned a “shame” campaign, aimed at the companies' brands and reputations, betting that firms like Tiffany would not want to be associated with pollution, violence, and exploitation. As it happened, Tiffany contacted Earthworks before they could launch the campaign; the company was already looking for partners in finding ethically sourced gold. Bloomfield examines the responses of three companies to “No Dirty Gold” activism: Tiffany, Wal-Mart, and Brilliant Earth, a small company selling ethical jewelry. He finds they offer a case study in how firms respond to activist pressure and what happens when businesses participate in such private governance schemes as the “Golden Rules” and the “Conflict-Free Gold Standard.” Taking a firm-level view, Bloomfield examines the different opportunities for and constraints on corporate political mobilization within the industry. |
| digital business là gì: What's Your Digital Business Model? Peter Weill, Stephanie Woerner, 2018-04-17 Digital transformation is not about technology--it's about change. In the rapidly changing digital economy, you can't succeed by merely tweaking management practices that led to past success. And yet, while many leaders and managers recognize the threat from digital--and the potential opportunity--they lack a common language and compelling framework to help them assess it and guide them in responding. They don't know how to think about their digital business model. In this concise, practical book, MIT digital research leaders Peter Weill and Stephanie Woerner provide a powerful yet straightforward framework that has been field-tested globally with dozens of senior management teams. Based on years of study at the MIT Center for Information Systems Research (CISR), the authors find that digitization is moving companies' business models on two dimensions: from value chains to digital ecosystems, and from a fuzzy understanding of the needs of end customers to a sharper one. Looking at these dimensions in combination results in four distinct business models, each with different capabilities. The book then sets out six driving questions, in separate chapters, that help managers and executives clarify where they are currently in an increasingly digital business landscape and highlight what's needed to move toward a higher-value digital business model. Filled with straightforward self-assessments, motivating examples, and sharp financial analyses of where profits are made, this smart book will help you tackle the threats, leverage the opportunities, and create winning digital strategies. |
| digital business là gì: The Glass Consumer Lace, Susanne, 2005-06-14 We are all 'glass consumers'. Organisations know so much about us, they can almost see through us. This book takes the debate beyond privacy issues, arguing that we are living in a world in which - more than ever before - our personal information defines our opportunities in life. |
| digital business là gì: Fit for Growth Vinay Couto, John Plansky, Deniz Caglar, 2017-01-10 A practical approach to business transformation Fit for Growth* is a unique approach to business transformation that explicitly connects growth strategy with cost management and organization restructuring. Drawing on 70-plus years of strategy consulting experience and in-depth research, the experts at PwC’s Strategy& lay out a winning framework that helps CEOs and senior executives transform their organizations for sustainable, profitable growth. This approach gives structure to strategy while promoting lasting change. Examples from Strategy&’s hundreds of clients illustrate successful transformation on the ground, and illuminate how senior and middle managers are able to take ownership and even thrive during difficult periods of transition. Throughout the Fit for Growth process, the focus is on maintaining consistent high-value performance while enabling fundamental change. Strategy& has helped major clients around the globe achieve significant and sustained results with its research-backed approach to restructuring and cost reduction. This book provides practical guidance for leveraging that expertise to make the choices that allow companies to: Achieve growth while reducing costs Manage transformation and transition productively Create lasting competitive advantage Deliver reliable, high-value performance Sustainable success is founded on efficiency and high performance. Companies are always looking to do more with less, but their efforts often work against them in the long run. Total business transformation requires total buy-in, and it entails a series of decisions that must not be made lightly. The Fit for Growth approach provides a clear strategy and practical framework for growth-oriented change, with expert guidance on getting it right. *Fit for Growth is a registered service mark of PwC Strategy& Inc. in the United States |
| digital business là gì: Principles of Marketing Gary M. Armstrong, Stewart Adam, Sara Marion Denize, Michael Volkov, Philip Kotler, 2018 An introduction to marketing concepts, strategies and practices with a balance of depth of coverage and ease of learning. Principles of Marketing keeps pace with a rapidly changing field, focussing on the ways brands create and capture consumer value. Practical content and linkage are at the heart of this edition. Real local and international examples bring ideas to life and new feature 'linking the concepts' helps students test and consolidate understanding as they go. The latest edition enhances understanding with a unique learning design including revised, integrative concept maps at the start of each chapter, end-of-chapter features summarising ideas and themes, a mix of mini and major case studies to illuminate concepts, and critical thinking exercises for applying skills. |
| digital business là gì: Presentation Zen Garr Reynolds, 2009-04-15 FOREWORD BY GUY KAWASAKI Presentation designer and internationally acclaimed communications expert Garr Reynolds, creator of the most popular Web site on presentation design and delivery on the Net — presentationzen.com — shares his experience in a provocative mix of illumination, inspiration, education, and guidance that will change the way you think about making presentations with PowerPoint or Keynote. Presentation Zen challenges the conventional wisdom of making slide presentations in today’s world and encourages you to think differently and more creatively about the preparation, design, and delivery of your presentations. Garr shares lessons and perspectives that draw upon practical advice from the fields of communication and business. Combining solid principles of design with the tenets of Zen simplicity, this book will help you along the path to simpler, more effective presentations. |
| digital business là gì: Sprint Jake Knapp, John Zeratsky, Braden Kowitz, 2016-03-08 From inside Google Ventures, a unique five-day process for solving tough problems, proven at thousands of companies in mobile, e-commerce, healthcare, finance, and more. Entrepreneurs and leaders face big questions every day: What’s the most important place to focus your effort, and how do you start? What will your idea look like in real life? How many meetings and discussions does it take before you can be sure you have the right solution? Now there’s a surefire way to answer these important questions: the Design Sprint, created at Google by Jake Knapp. This method is like fast-forwarding into the future, so you can see how customers react before you invest all the time and expense of creating your new product, service, or campaign. In a Design Sprint, you take a small team, clear your schedules for a week, and rapidly progress from problem, to prototype, to tested solution using the step-by-step five-day process in this book. A practical guide to answering critical business questions, Sprint is a book for teams of any size, from small startups to Fortune 100s, from teachers to nonprofits. It can replace the old office defaults with a smarter, more respectful, and more effective way of solving problems that brings out the best contributions of everyone on the team—and helps you spend your time on work that really matters. |
| digital business là gì: Xã hội học , 1999 |
| digital business là gì: Port Economics, Management and Policy Theo Notteboom, Athanasios Pallis, Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2022-01-31 Port Economics, Management and Policy provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary port industry, showing how ports are organized to serve the global economy and support regional and local development. Structured in eight sections plus an introduction and epilog, this textbook examines a wide range of seaport topics, covering maritime shipping and international trade, port terminals, port governance, port competition, port policy and much more. Key features of the book include: Multidisciplinary perspective, drawing on economics, geography, management science and engineering Multisector analysis including containers, bulk, break-bulk and the cruise industry Focus on the latest industry trends, such as supply chain management, automation, digitalization and sustainability Benefitting from the authors’ extensive involvement in shaping the port sector across five continents, this text provides students and scholars with a valuable resource on ports and maritime transport systems. Practitioners and policymakers can also use this as an essential guide towards better port management and governance. |
| digital business là gì: Saleshood Elay Cohen, 2014-04-15 A playbook that empowers sales managers to think like CEOs and act like entrepreneurs At Salesforce.com, Elay Cohen created and executed the sales productivity programs that accelerated the company’s growth to a $3 billion–plus enterprise. The innovation delivered over these years by Elay and his team resulted in unprecedented sales productivity excellence. Based on that experience, Elay embarked on a journey to help every company in the world grow like Salesforce.com. After working with many organizations and further reflecting on his time at Salesforce.com, it became apparent that one key player was best positioned to accelerate growth in organizations: the first-line sales manager. Empowering sales managers to own and execute their own sales programs, as entrepreneurs would, became the focus of this book and his technology company. First-line sales managers are the backbone of every sales organization. They make it happen. They’re where the rubber meets the road in pipeline generation, revenue growth, and customer success. These sales managers serve as the voice of salespeople to organizations, and as the organizational voice back to salespeople. In this accessible guide, Cohen shares how sales managers can build an inspired, engaged team, equipping them with the tools they need to drive up sales productivity and grow the business. He reveals, among many other lessons, how you can nurture a winning sales culture; build world-class training programs that encourage salespeople to learn from each other; and execute sales processes, playbooks, and deals in a way that gives your salespeople the winning edge. |
What Is Digital Transformation? - IBM
Digital transformation is a business strategy initiative that incorporates digital technology across all areas of an organization. It evaluates and modernizes an organization’s …
What is Digital Identity? - IBM
Feb 20, 2025 · A human digital identity might include information such as age, driver’s license, Social Security number or biometric data such as fingerprints and facial recognition scans. …
The Ratings Thread (Part 76) — Digital Spy
Dec 31, 2024 · digital spy, part of the hearst uk entertainment network ©2024 Hearst UK is the trading name of the National Magazine Company Ltd, 30 Panton Street, Leicester Square, …
What is a Digital Worker? - IBM
Ocash is a digital cash application specialist, the latest recruit for the finance and accounting function. It’s often helpful to consider and position your digital workers in the roles that …
Digital Transformation Examples, Applications & Use …
Jan 29, 2024 · The main goal of a digital transformation is to use new digital technologies throughout all aspects of a business and improve business processes. By using AI, automation, …
What Is Digital Transformation? - IBM
Digital transformation is a business strategy initiative that incorporates digital technology across all areas of an organization. It evaluates and modernizes an organization’s processes, …
What is Digital Identity? - IBM
Feb 20, 2025 · A human digital identity might include information such as age, driver’s license, Social Security number or biometric data such as fingerprints and facial recognition scans. …
The Ratings Thread (Part 76) — Digital Spy
Dec 31, 2024 · digital spy, part of the hearst uk entertainment network ©2024 Hearst UK is the trading name of the National Magazine Company Ltd, 30 Panton Street, Leicester Square, …
What is a Digital Worker? - IBM
Ocash is a digital cash application specialist, the latest recruit for the finance and accounting function. It’s often helpful to consider and position your digital workers in the roles that they …
Digital Transformation Examples, Applications & Use Cases - IBM
Jan 29, 2024 · The main goal of a digital transformation is to use new digital technologies throughout all aspects of a business and improve business processes. By using AI, …
Soaps — Digital Spy
6 days ago · digital spy, part of the hearst uk entertainment network ©2024 Hearst UK is the trading name of the National Magazine Company Ltd, 30 Panton Street, Leicester Square, …
What Is Digital Experience? - IBM
With an ever-expanding number of digital touchpoints, digital experience management has become a complex task, but one that can help engage new users, differentiate organizations …
What is digital forensics? - IBM
Feb 16, 2024 · Digital forensics has broad applications because it treats digital evidence like any other form of evidence. Just as officials use specific processes to gather physical evidence …
What is the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA)? - IBM
Apr 13, 2023 · The Digital Operational Resilience Act, or DORA, is a European Union (EU) regulation that creates a binding, comprehensive information and communication technology …
Apa itu Pemasaran Digital? - IBM
Evolusi pemasaran digital terjalin erat dengan perkembangan internet dan teknologi online. Ketika pemasaran tradisional sangat bergantung pada tenaga penjualan perorangan, praktik …
