Advertisement
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Modular Forms and Fermat’s Last Theorem Gary Cornell, Joseph H. Silverman, Glenn Stevens, 2013-12-01 This volume contains the expanded lectures given at a conference on number theory and arithmetic geometry held at Boston University. It introduces and explains the many ideas and techniques used by Wiles, and to explain how his result can be combined with Ribets theorem and ideas of Frey and Serre to prove Fermats Last Theorem. The book begins with an overview of the complete proof, followed by several introductory chapters surveying the basic theory of elliptic curves, modular functions and curves, Galois cohomology, and finite group schemes. Representation theory, which lies at the core of the proof, is dealt with in a chapter on automorphic representations and the Langlands-Tunnell theorem, and this is followed by in-depth discussions of Serres conjectures, Galois deformations, universal deformation rings, Hecke algebras, and complete intersections. The book concludes by looking both forward and backward, reflecting on the history of the problem, while placing Wiles'theorem into a more general Diophantine context suggesting future applications. Students and professional mathematicians alike will find this an indispensable resource. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Fermat’s Last Theorem Simon Singh, 2012-11-22 ‘I have a truly marvellous demonstration of this proposition which this margin is too narrow to contain.’ |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Proofs from THE BOOK Martin Aigner, Günter M. Ziegler, 2013-06-29 According to the great mathematician Paul Erdös, God maintains perfect mathematical proofs in The Book. This book presents the authors candidates for such perfect proofs, those which contain brilliant ideas, clever connections, and wonderful observations, bringing new insight and surprising perspectives to problems from number theory, geometry, analysis, combinatorics, and graph theory. As a result, this book will be fun reading for anyone with an interest in mathematics. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Fermat's Last Theorem Simon Singh, 1998-05 In 1963 a schoolboy browsing in his local library stumbled across a great mathematical problem: Fermat's Last Theorem, a puzzle that every child can now understand, but which has baffled mathematicians for over 300 years. Aged just ten, Andrew Wiles dreamed he would crack it. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Proof of Fermat's Theorem Michael Angelo McGinnis, 1913 |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: The Mathematical Career of Pierre de Fermat, 1601-1665 Michael Sean Mahoney, 2018-06-05 Hailed as one of the greatest mathematical results of the twentieth century, the recent proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Andrew Wiles brought to public attention the enigmatic problem-solver Pierre de Fermat, who centuries ago stated his famous conjecture in a margin of a book, writing that he did not have enough room to show his truly marvelous demonstration. Along with formulating this proposition--xn+yn=zn has no rational solution for n > 2--Fermat, an inventor of analytic geometry, also laid the foundations of differential and integral calculus, established, together with Pascal, the conceptual guidelines of the theory of probability, and created modern number theory. In one of the first full-length investigations of Fermat's life and work, Michael Sean Mahoney provides rare insight into the mathematical genius of a hobbyist who never sought to publish his work, yet who ranked with his contemporaries Pascal and Descartes in shaping the course of modern mathematics. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: The Girl who Played with Fire Stieg Larsson, 2010 When the reporters to a sex-trafficking exposé are murdered and computer hacker Lisbeth Salander is targeted as the killer, Mikael Blomkvist, the publisher of the exposé, investigates to clear Lisbeth's name. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: 13 Lectures on Fermat's Last Theorem Paulo Ribenboim, 2012-12-06 Lecture I The Early History of Fermat's Last Theorem.- 1 The Problem.- 2 Early Attempts.- 3 Kummer's Monumental Theorem.- 4 Regular Primes.- 5 Kummer's Work on Irregular Prime Exponents.- 6 Other Relevant Results.- 7 The Golden Medal and the Wolfskehl Prize.- Lecture II Recent Results.- 1 Stating the Results.- 2 Explanations.- Lecture III B.K. = Before Kummer.- 1 The Pythagorean Equation.- 2 The Biquadratic Equation.- 3 The Cubic Equation.- 4 The Quintic Equation.- 5 Fermat's Equation of Degree Seven.- Lecture IV The Naïve Approach.- 1 The Relations of Barlow and Abel.- 2 Sophie Germain.- 3 Co. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Fearless Symmetry Avner Ash, Robert Gross, 2008-08-24 Written in a friendly style for a general mathematically literate audience, 'Fearless Symmetry', starts with the basic properties of integers and permutations and reaches current research in number theory. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Local Fields Jean-Pierre Serre, 2013-06-29 The goal of this book is to present local class field theory from the cohomo logical point of view, following the method inaugurated by Hochschild and developed by Artin-Tate. This theory is about extensions-primarily abelian-of local (i.e., complete for a discrete valuation) fields with finite residue field. For example, such fields are obtained by completing an algebraic number field; that is one of the aspects of localisation. The chapters are grouped in parts. There are three preliminary parts: the first two on the general theory of local fields, the third on group coho mology. Local class field theory, strictly speaking, does not appear until the fourth part. Here is a more precise outline of the contents of these four parts: The first contains basic definitions and results on discrete valuation rings, Dedekind domains (which are their globalisation) and the completion process. The prerequisite for this part is a knowledge of elementary notions of algebra and topology, which may be found for instance in Bourbaki. The second part is concerned with ramification phenomena (different, discriminant, ramification groups, Artin representation). Just as in the first part, no assumptions are made here about the residue fields. It is in this setting that the norm map is studied; I have expressed the results in terms of additive polynomials and of multiplicative polynomials, since using the language of algebraic geometry would have led me too far astray. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: The Simpsons and Their Mathematical Secrets Simon Singh, 2013-01-01 From bestselling author of Fermat's Last Theorem, a must-have for number lovers and Simpsons fans |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Invitation to the Mathematics of Fermat-Wiles Yves Hellegouarch, 2001-09-24 Assuming only modest knowledge of undergraduate level math, Invitation to the Mathematics of Fermat-Wiles presents diverse concepts required to comprehend Wiles' extraordinary proof. Furthermore, it places these concepts in their historical context. This book can be used in introduction to mathematics theories courses and in special topics courses on Fermat's last theorem. It contains themes suitable for development by students as an introduction to personal research as well as numerous exercises and problems. However, the book will also appeal to the inquiring and mathematically informed reader intrigued by the unraveling of this fascinating puzzle. Rigorously presents the concepts required to understand Wiles' proof, assuming only modest undergraduate level math Sets the math in its historical context Contains several themes that could be further developed by student research and numerous exercises and problems Written by Yves Hellegouarch, who himself made an important contribution to the proof of Fermat's last theorem |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: From Fermat to Minkowski W. Scharlau, H. Opolka, 1985 Translated from the German by Bühler, W.K.; Cornell, G. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: A First Course in Modular Forms Fred Diamond, Jerry Shurman, 2006-03-30 This book introduces the theory of modular forms, from which all rational elliptic curves arise, with an eye toward the Modularity Theorem. Discussion covers elliptic curves as complex tori and as algebraic curves; modular curves as Riemann surfaces and as algebraic curves; Hecke operators and Atkin-Lehner theory; Hecke eigenforms and their arithmetic properties; the Jacobians of modular curves and the Abelian varieties associated to Hecke eigenforms. As it presents these ideas, the book states the Modularity Theorem in various forms, relating them to each other and touching on their applications to number theory. The authors assume no background in algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry. Exercises are included. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Book of Proof Richard H. Hammack, 2016-01-01 This book is an introduction to the language and standard proof methods of mathematics. It is a bridge from the computational courses (such as calculus or differential equations) that students typically encounter in their first year of college to a more abstract outlook. It lays a foundation for more theoretical courses such as topology, analysis and abstract algebra. Although it may be more meaningful to the student who has had some calculus, there is really no prerequisite other than a measure of mathematical maturity. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Prime Obsession John Derbyshire, 2003-04-15 In August 1859 Bernhard Riemann, a little-known 32-year old mathematician, presented a paper to the Berlin Academy titled: On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity. In the middle of that paper, Riemann made an incidental remark †a guess, a hypothesis. What he tossed out to the assembled mathematicians that day has proven to be almost cruelly compelling to countless scholars in the ensuing years. Today, after 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, the question remains. Is the hypothesis true or false? Riemann's basic inquiry, the primary topic of his paper, concerned a straightforward but nevertheless important matter of arithmetic †defining a precise formula to track and identify the occurrence of prime numbers. But it is that incidental remark †the Riemann Hypothesis †that is the truly astonishing legacy of his 1859 paper. Because Riemann was able to see beyond the pattern of the primes to discern traces of something mysterious and mathematically elegant shrouded in the shadows †subtle variations in the distribution of those prime numbers. Brilliant for its clarity, astounding for its potential consequences, the Hypothesis took on enormous importance in mathematics. Indeed, the successful solution to this puzzle would herald a revolution in prime number theory. Proving or disproving it became the greatest challenge of the age. It has become clear that the Riemann Hypothesis, whose resolution seems to hang tantalizingly just beyond our grasp, holds the key to a variety of scientific and mathematical investigations. The making and breaking of modern codes, which depend on the properties of the prime numbers, have roots in the Hypothesis. In a series of extraordinary developments during the 1970s, it emerged that even the physics of the atomic nucleus is connected in ways not yet fully understood to this strange conundrum. Hunting down the solution to the Riemann Hypothesis has become an obsession for many †the veritable great white whale of mathematical research. Yet despite determined efforts by generations of mathematicians, the Riemann Hypothesis defies resolution. Alternating passages of extraordinarily lucid mathematical exposition with chapters of elegantly composed biography and history, Prime Obsession is a fascinating and fluent account of an epic mathematical mystery that continues to challenge and excite the world. Posited a century and a half ago, the Riemann Hypothesis is an intellectual feast for the cognoscenti and the curious alike. Not just a story of numbers and calculations, Prime Obsession is the engrossing tale of a relentless hunt for an elusive proof †and those who have been consumed by it. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Fermat’s Last Theorem for Amateurs Paulo Ribenboim, 2008-01-21 In 1995, Andrew Wiles completed a proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. Although this was certainly a great mathematical feat, one shouldn't dismiss earlier attempts made by mathematicians and clever amateurs to solve the problem. In this book, aimed at amateurs curious about the history of the subject, the author restricts his attention exclusively to elementary methods that have produced rich results. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Optimization Jan Brinkhuis, Vladimir Tikhomirov, 2011-02-11 This self-contained textbook is an informal introduction to optimization through the use of numerous illustrations and applications. The focus is on analytically solving optimization problems with a finite number of continuous variables. In addition, the authors provide introductions to classical and modern numerical methods of optimization and to dynamic optimization. The book's overarching point is that most problems may be solved by the direct application of the theorems of Fermat, Lagrange, and Weierstrass. The authors show how the intuition for each of the theoretical results can be supported by simple geometric figures. They include numerous applications through the use of varied classical and practical problems. Even experts may find some of these applications truly surprising. A basic mathematical knowledge is sufficient to understand the topics covered in this book. More advanced readers, even experts, will be surprised to see how all main results can be grounded on the Fermat-Lagrange theorem. The book can be used for courses on continuous optimization, from introductory to advanced, for any field for which optimization is relevant. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: The Last Theorem Arthur C. Clarke, Frederik Pohl, 2008-12-07 The final work from the brightest star in science fiction’s galaxy. Arthur C Clarke, who predicted the advent of communication satellites and author of 2001: A Space Odyssey completes a lifetime career in science fiction with a masterwork. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Lie Algebras and Lie Groups Jean-Pierre Serre, 2009-02-07 The main general theorems on Lie Algebras are covered, roughly the content of Bourbaki's Chapter I.I have added some results on free Lie algebras, which are useful, both for Lie's theory itself (Campbell-Hausdorff formula) and for applications to pro-Jrgroups. of time prevented me from including the more precise theory of Lack semisimple Lie algebras (roots, weights, etc.); but, at least, I have given, as a last Chapter, the typical case ofal, . This part has been written with the help of F. Raggi and J. Tate. I want to thank them, and also Sue Golan, who did the typing for both parts. Jean-Pierre Serre Harvard, Fall 1964 Chapter I. Lie Algebras: Definition and Examples Let Ie be a commutativering with unit element, and let A be a k-module, then A is said to be a Ie-algebra if there is given a k-bilinear map A x A~ A (i.e., a k-homomorphism A0 A -+ A). As usual we may define left, right and two-sided ideals and therefore quo tients. Definition 1. A Lie algebra over Ie isan algebrawith the following properties: 1). The map A0i A -+ A admits a factorization A ®i A -+ A2A -+ A i.e., ifwe denote the imageof(x, y) under this map by [x, y) then the condition becomes for all x e k. [x, x)=0 2). (lx, II], z]+ny, z), x) + ([z, xl, til = 0 (Jacobi's identity) The condition 1) implies [x,1/]=-[1/, x). |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Reading, Writing, and Proving Ulrich Daepp, Pamela Gorkin, 2006-04-18 This book, based on Pólya's method of problem solving, aids students in their transition to higher-level mathematics. It begins by providing a great deal of guidance on how to approach definitions, examples, and theorems in mathematics and ends by providing projects for independent study. Students will follow Pólya's four step process: learn to understand the problem; devise a plan to solve the problem; carry out that plan; and look back and check what the results told them. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Sources in the Development of Mathematics Ranjan Roy, 2011-06-13 The discovery of infinite products by Wallis and infinite series by Newton marked the beginning of the modern mathematical era. It allowed Newton to solve the problem of finding areas under curves defined by algebraic equations, an achievement beyond the scope of the earlier methods of Torricelli, Fermat and Pascal. While Newton and his contemporaries, including Leibniz and the Bernoullis, concentrated on mathematical analysis and physics, Euler's prodigious accomplishments demonstrated that series and products could also address problems in algebra, combinatorics and number theory. In this book, Ranjan Roy describes many facets of the discovery and use of infinite series and products as worked out by their originators, including mathematicians from Asia, Europe and America. The text provides context and motivation for these discoveries, with many detailed proofs, offering a valuable perspective on modern mathematics. Mathematicians, mathematics students, physicists and engineers will all read this book with benefit and enjoyment. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: CK-12 Calculus CK-12 Foundation, 2010-08-15 CK-12 Foundation's Single Variable Calculus FlexBook introduces high school students to the topics covered in the Calculus AB course. Topics include: Limits, Derivatives, and Integration. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Birth of a Theorem Cédric Villani, 2015-04-14 In 2010, French mathematician Cédric Villani received the Fields Medal, the most coveted prize in mathematics, in recognition of a proof which he devised with his close collaborator Clément Mouhot to explain one of the most surprising theories in classical physics. Birth of aTheorem is Villani's own account of the years leading up to the award. It invites readers inside the mind of a great mathematician as he wrestles with the most important work of his career. But you don't have to understand nonlinear Landau damping to love Birth of aTheorem. It doesn't simplify or overexplain; rather, it invites readers into collaboration. Villani's diaries, emails, and musings enmesh you in the process of discovery. You join him in unproductive lulls and late-night breakthroughs. You're privy to the dining-hall conversations at the world's greatest research institutions. Villani shares his favorite songs, his love of manga, and the imaginative stories he tells his children. In mathematics, as in any creative work, it is the thinker's whole life that propels discovery—and with Birth of aTheorem, Cédric Villani welcomes you into his. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Journey Through Genius William Dunham, 1991-08 Like masterpieces of art, music, and literature, great mathematical theorems are creative milestones, works of genius destined to last forever. Now William Dunham gives them the attention they deserve. Dunham places each theorem within its historical context and explores the very human and often turbulent life of the creator — from Archimedes, the absentminded theoretician whose absorption in his work often precluded eating or bathing, to Gerolamo Cardano, the sixteenth-century mathematician whose accomplishments flourished despite a bizarre array of misadventures, to the paranoid genius of modern times, Georg Cantor. He also provides step-by-step proofs for the theorems, each easily accessible to readers with no more than a knowledge of high school mathematics. A rare combination of the historical, biographical, and mathematical, Journey Through Genius is a fascinating introduction to a neglected field of human creativity. “It is mathematics presented as a series of works of art; a fascinating lingering over individual examples of ingenuity and insight. It is mathematics by lightning flash.” —Isaac Asimov |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Approximately Calculus Shahriar Shahriari, 2006 Is there always a prime number between $n$ and $2n$? Where, approximately, is the millionth prime? And just what does calculus have to do with answering either of these questions? It turns out that calculus has a lot to do with both questions, as this book can show you. The theme of the book is approximations. Calculus is a powerful tool because it allows us to approximate complicated functions with simpler ones. Indeed, replacing a function locally with a linear--or higher order--approximation is at the heart of calculus. The real star of the book, though, is the task of approximating the number of primes up to a number $x$. This leads to the famous Prime Number Theorem--and to the answers to the two questions about primes. While emphasizing the role of approximations in calculus, most major topics are addressed, such as derivatives, integrals, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, sequences, series, and so on. However, our particular point of view also leads us to many unusual topics: curvature, Pade approximations, public key cryptography, and an analysis of the logistic equation, to name a few. The reader takes an active role in developing the material by solving problems. Most topics are broken down into a series of manageable problems, which guide you to an understanding of the important ideas. There is also ample exposition to fill in background material and to get you thinking appropriately about the concepts. Approximately Calculus is intended for the reader who has already had an introduction to calculus, but wants to engage the concepts and ideas at a deeper level. It is suitable as a text for an honors or alternative second semester calculus course. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Taming the Infinite Ian Stewart, 2015-04-07 From ancient Babylon to the last great unsolved problems, Ian Stewart brings us his definitive history of mathematics. In his famous straightforward style, Professor Stewart explains each major development--from the first number systems to chaos theory--and considers how each affected society and changed everyday life forever. Maintaining a personal touch, he introduces all of the outstanding mathematicians of history, from the key Babylonians, Greeks and Egyptians, via Newton and Descartes, to Fermat, Babbage and Godel, and demystifies math's key concepts without recourse to complicated formulae. Written to provide a captivating historic narrative for the non-mathematician, Taming the Infinite is packed with fascinating nuggets and quirky asides, and contains 100 illustrations and diagrams to illuminate and aid understanding of a subject many dread, but which has made our world what it is today. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: How Euler Did Even More C. Edward Sandifer, 2014-11-19 Sandifer has been studying Euler for decades and is one of the world’s leading experts on his work. This volume is the second collection of Sandifer’s “How Euler Did It” columns. Each is a jewel of historical and mathematical exposition. The sum total of years of work and study of the most prolific mathematician of history, this volume will leave you marveling at Euler’s clever inventiveness and Sandifer’s wonderful ability to explicate and put it all in context. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Pre-Calculus, Calculus, and Beyond Hung-Hsi Wu, 2020-10-26 This is the last of three volumes that, together, give an exposition of the mathematics of grades 9–12 that is simultaneously mathematically correct and grade-level appropriate. The volumes are consistent with CCSSM (Common Core State Standards for Mathematics) and aim at presenting the mathematics of K–12 as a totally transparent subject. This volume distinguishes itself from others of the same genre in getting the mathematics right. In trigonometry, this volume makes explicit the fact that the trigonometric functions cannot even be defined without the theory of similar triangles. It also provides details for extending the domain of definition of sine and cosine to all real numbers. It explains as well why radians should be used for angle measurements and gives a proof of the conversion formulas between degrees and radians. In calculus, this volume pares the technicalities concerning limits down to the essential minimum to make the proofs of basic facts about differentiation and integration both correct and accessible to school teachers and educators; the exposition may also benefit beginning math majors who are learning to write proofs. An added bonus is a correct proof that one can get a repeating decimal equal to a given fraction by the “long division” of the numerator by the denominator. This proof attends to all three things all at once: what an infinite decimal is, why it is equal to the fraction, and how long division enters the picture. This book should be useful for current and future teachers of K–12 mathematics, as well as for some high school students and for education professionals. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: LMSST: 24 Lectures on Elliptic Curves John William Scott Cassels, 1991-11-21 A self-contained introductory text for beginning graduate students that is contemporary in approach without ignoring historical matters. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Calculus for the Natural Sciences Michel Helfgott, 2023-09-11 In this textbook on calculus of one variable, applications to the natural sciences play a central role. Examples from biology, chemistry, and physics are discussed in detail without compromising the mathematical aspects essential to learning differential and integral calculus. Calculus for the Natural Sciences distinguishes itself from other textbooks on the topic by balancing theory, mathematical techniques, and applications to motivate students and bridge the gap between mathematics and the natural sciences and engineering; employing real data to convey the main ideas underlying the scientific method; and using SageMath and R to perform calculations and write short programs, thus giving the teacher more time to explain important concepts. This textbook is intended for first-year students in mathematics, engineering, and the natural sciences and is appropriate for a two-semester course on calculus I and II (freshman calculus of one variable). It can also be used for self-study by engineers and natural scientists. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Nonsmooth Analysis Winfried Schirotzek, 2007-05-26 This book treats various concepts of generalized derivatives and subdifferentials in normed spaces, their geometric counterparts and their application to optimization problems. It starts with the subdifferential of convex analysis, passes to corresponding concepts for locally Lipschitz continuous functions and then presents subdifferentials for general lower semicontinuous functions. All basic tools are presented where they are needed: this concerns separation theorems, variational and extremal principles as well as relevant parts of multifunction theory. Each chapter ends with bibliographic notes and exercises. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Calculus and Linear Algebra Aldo G. S. Ventre, 2023-02-11 This textbook offers a comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of calculus, linear algebra and analytic geometry. Intended for bachelor’s students in science, engineering, architecture, economics, the presentation is self-contained, and supported by numerous graphs, to facilitate visualization and also to stimulate readers’ intuition. The proofs of the theorems are rigorous, yet presented in straightforward and comprehensive way. With a good balance between algebra, geometry and analysis, this book guides readers to apply the theory to solve differential equations. Many problems and solved exercises are included. Students are expected to gain a solid background and a versatile attitude towards calculus, algebra and geometry, which can be later used to acquire new skills in more advanced scientific disciplines, such as bioinformatics, process engineering, and finance. At the same time, instructors are provided with extensive information and inspiration for the preparation of their own courses. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Calculus Jon Rogawski, 2008-06-23 This new text presents calculus with solid mathematical precision but with an everyday sensibility that puts the main concepts in clear terms. It is rigorous without being inaccessible and clear without being too informal it has the perfect balance for instructors and their students. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Why Prove it Again? John W. Dawson, Jr., 2015-07-15 This monograph considers several well-known mathematical theorems and asks the question, “Why prove it again?” while examining alternative proofs. It explores the different rationales mathematicians may have for pursuing and presenting new proofs of previously established results, as well as how they judge whether two proofs of a given result are different. While a number of books have examined alternative proofs of individual theorems, this is the first that presents comparative case studies of other methods for a variety of different theorems. The author begins by laying out the criteria for distinguishing among proofs and enumerates reasons why new proofs have, for so long, played a prominent role in mathematical practice. He then outlines various purposes that alternative proofs may serve. Each chapter that follows provides a detailed case study of alternative proofs for particular theorems, including the Pythagorean Theorem, the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Desargues’ Theorem, the Prime Number Theorem, and the proof of the irreducibility of cyclotomic polynomials. Why Prove It Again? will appeal to a broad range of readers, including historians and philosophers of mathematics, students, and practicing mathematicians. Additionally, teachers will find it to be a useful source of alternative methods of presenting material to their students. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Elliptic Curves, Modular Forms & Fermat's Last Theorem John Coates, Shing-Tung Yau, 1997 These proceedings are based on a conference at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, held in response to Andrew Wile's conjecture that every elliptic curve over Q is modular. The survey article describing Wile's work is included as the first article in the present edition. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Metamathematics, Machines and Gödel's Proof N. Shankar, 1997-01-30 Describes the use of computer programs to check several proofs in the foundations of mathematics. |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Elliptic Curves, Modular Forms, & Fermat's Last Theorem John Coates, Shing-Tung Yau, 1995 |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Teaching AP Calculus Lin McMullin, 2002 |
| fermat's theorem calculus proof: Modern Classical Homotopy Theory Jeffrey Strom, 2011-10-19 The core of classical homotopy theory is a body of ideas and theorems that emerged in the 1950s and was later largely codified in the notion of a model category. This core includes the notions of fibration and cofibration; CW complexes; long fiber and cofiber sequences; loop spaces and suspensions; and so on. Brown's representability theorems show that homology and cohomology are also contained in classical homotopy theory. This text develops classical homotopy theory from a modern point of view, meaning that the exposition is informed by the theory of model categories and that homotopy limits and colimits play central roles. The exposition is guided by the principle that it is generally preferable to prove topological results using topology (rather than algebra). The language and basic theory of homotopy limits and colimits make it possible to penetrate deep into the subject with just the rudiments of algebra. The text does reach advanced territory, including the Steenrod algebra, Bott periodicity, localization, the Exponent Theorem of Cohen, Moore, and Neisendorfer, and Miller's Theorem on the Sullivan Conjecture. Thus the reader is given the tools needed to understand and participate in research at (part of) the current frontier of homotopy theory. Proofs are not provided outright. Rather, they are presented in the form of directed problem sets. To the expert, these read as terse proofs; to novices they are challenges that draw them in and help them to thoroughly understand the arguments. |
Pierre de Fermat - Wikipedia
Pierre de Fermat (/ fɜːrˈmɑː /; [2] French: [pjɛʁ də fɛʁma]; 17 August 1601 [a] – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal …
FERMAT - AI made for you
Fermat is the Generative AI toolbox used by the best global Fashion & Luxury brands. Design from moodboards, create realistic renders, apply materials and fit garments on virtual models. Get …
FERMÀT: Tailor Every Touchpoint
FERMÀT is the AI native commerce platform that optimizes shopping experiences, leading to best-in-class shopper engagement and conversion. Instantly generate, test, and refine shopping …
Pierre de Fermat | Biography & Facts | Britannica
Pierre de Fermat (born August 17, 1601, Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France—died January 12, 1665, Castres) was a French mathematician who is often called the founder of the modern theory of …
PIERRE DE FERMAT MATHEMATICIAN - The Story of Mathematics
Pierre de Fermat, effectively invented modern number theory virtually single-handedly, despite being a small-town amateur mathematician.
Pierre de Fermat - National MagLab
Pierre de Fermat was a lawyer by occupation, but possessed one of the greatest mathematical minds of the seventeenth century. He made major contributions to geometric optics, modern …
Pierre de Fermat - Rutgers University
Pierre de Fermat was one of the most brilliant and productive mathematicians of his time, making many contributions to the differential and integral calculus, number theory, optics, and analytic …
Pierre de Fermat - Biography, Facts and Pictures - Famous Scientists
Pierre de Fermat was one of the greatest mathematicians in history, making highly significant contributions to a wide range of mathematical topics. He was a guiding light in the invention of …
Pierre de Fermat Facts & Biography | Famous Mathematicians
Pierre de Fermat, one of the prominent mathematicians of the 17th century, is better known for his contribution towards development of infinitesimal calculus. He was also a lawyer in terms of …
Pierre de Fermat - History of Math and Technology
Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665) was a French mathematician, lawyer, and polymath whose profound contributions transformed the landscape of mathematics. Often regarded as one of the founders …
Pierre de Fermat - Wikipedia
Pierre de Fermat (/ fɜːrˈmɑː /; [2] French: [pjɛʁ də fɛʁma]; 17 August 1601 [a] – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal …
FERMAT - AI made for you
Fermat is the Generative AI toolbox used by the best global Fashion & Luxury brands. Design from moodboards, create realistic renders, apply materials and fit garments on virtual models. …
FERMÀT: Tailor Every Touchpoint
FERMÀT is the AI native commerce platform that optimizes shopping experiences, leading to best-in-class shopper engagement and conversion. Instantly generate, test, and refine …
Pierre de Fermat | Biography & Facts | Britannica
Pierre de Fermat (born August 17, 1601, Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France—died January 12, 1665, Castres) was a French mathematician who is often called the founder of the modern …
PIERRE DE FERMAT MATHEMATICIAN - The Story of Mathematics
Pierre de Fermat, effectively invented modern number theory virtually single-handedly, despite being a small-town amateur mathematician.
Pierre de Fermat - National MagLab
Pierre de Fermat was a lawyer by occupation, but possessed one of the greatest mathematical minds of the seventeenth century. He made major contributions to geometric optics, modern …
Pierre de Fermat - Rutgers University
Pierre de Fermat was one of the most brilliant and productive mathematicians of his time, making many contributions to the differential and integral calculus, number theory, optics, and analytic …
Pierre de Fermat - Biography, Facts and Pictures - Famous Scientists
Pierre de Fermat was one of the greatest mathematicians in history, making highly significant contributions to a wide range of mathematical topics. He was a guiding light in the invention of …
Pierre de Fermat Facts & Biography | Famous Mathematicians
Pierre de Fermat, one of the prominent mathematicians of the 17th century, is better known for his contribution towards development of infinitesimal calculus. He was also a lawyer in terms of …
Pierre de Fermat - History of Math and Technology
Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665) was a French mathematician, lawyer, and polymath whose profound contributions transformed the landscape of mathematics. Often regarded as one of …
