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| festinger and carlsmith study: Cognitive Dissonance Joel Cooper, 2007-03-27 ′Dr. Joel Cooper has been at the very forefront of research on dissonance theory for decades now. In this book, he provides a brilliant and engagingly-written review of the 50-year history of dissonance research and a masterful account of the ensuing developments in the theory. The book will be an outstanding resource for readers familiar with dissonance research and an enlightening introduction for those who are not′ - Professor Russell H. Fazio, Ohio State University Why is it that people who smoke continue to do so knowing how bad it is for them? What drives people to committing adultery even though they inherently believe this is wrong? What′s the outcome of this contradiction in the mind? Cognitive dissonance has been an important and influential theory since Leon Festinger published his classic work in 1957. It is known by every social psychologist, most psychologists of any stripe, and the lay public, making its way into such mainstream publications as The New York Times with increasing frequency and accuracy. Ultimately, dissonance has become one of the most popularly known expressions of social psychological insights, making its way into the literature in consumer, health and economic behavior, and has become a frequently used explanation of political behavior in the popular press and magazines. In marking the 50th anniversary of the theory′s inception, Joel Cooper - arguably the scholar most associated with dissonance research in the past few decades - has presented a beautiful, modern and comprehensive analysis of the state of dissonance theory. This book charts the progress of dissonance theory, assessing its impact not only within our understanding of psychology but in everyday experiences as well. It should be important reading for students in social psychology, either undergraduate or graduate, but equally relevant to a host of other readers who need to understand or share the same passions for appreciating the significance of cognitive dissonance in the human psyche. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Leon Festinger, 1962 Originally published: Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson, c1957. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Social Psychology Joanne R Smith, S Alexander Haslam, 2012-07-06 Electronic Inspection Copy available for instructors here The field of social psychology is defined by a number of 'classic studies' that all students need to understand and engage with. These include ground-breaking experiments by researchers such as Asch, Festinger, Milgram, Sherif, Tajfel and Zimbardo. With the help of international experts who are renowned for work that has extended upon these researchers' insights, this book re-examines these classic studies through careful reflection on their findings and a lively discussion of the subsequent work that they have inspired. Organized in a way that way maps onto the content of most introductory courses, this title can work at a number of levels: as an accessible text for introductory classes that present a historical analysis of social psychology via its key studies, or as a broad-ranging text for higher-level courses that survey contemporary theory and encourage critical thinking. More generally, it is a compelling read for anyone who wants to know more about social psychology and the dramatic studies that lie at its heart. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: When Prophecy Fails Leon Festinger, Stanley Schachter, 2013-04-01 The study reported in this volume grew out of some theoretical work, one phase of which bore specifically on the behavior of individuals in social movements that made specific (and unfulfilled) prophecies. We had been forced to depend chiefly on historical records to judge the adequacy of our theoretical ideas until we by chance discovered the social movement that we report in this book. At the time we learned of it, the movement was in mid-career but the prophecy about which it was centered had not yet been disconfirmed. We were understandably eager to undertake a study that could test our theoretical ideas under natural conditions. That we were able to do this study was in great measure due to the support obtained through the Laboratory for Research in Social Relations of the University of Minnesota. This study is a project of the Laboratory and was carried out while we were all members of its staff. We should also like to acknowledge the help we received through a grant-in-aid from the Ford Foundation to one of the authors, a grant that made preliminary exploration of the field situation possible. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: The Science of Social Influence Anthony R. Pratkanis, 2011-02-25 The contributions to this volume capture the thrill of current work on social influence, as well as providing a tutorial on the scientific and technical aspects of this research. The volume teaches the student to: Learn how to conduct lab, field and case research on social influence through example by leading researchers Find out about the latest discoveries including the status of research on social influence tactics, dissonance theory, conformity, and resistance to influence Discover how seemingly complex issues such as power, rumors, group and minority influence and norms can be investigated using the scientific method Apply knowledge to current influence campaigns to find out what works and what does not. The Science of Social Influence is the perfect core or complementary text for advanced undergraduate or graduate students in courses such as Attitudes and Attitude Change, Communications, Research Methods and, of course, Social Influence. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Extending Psychological Frontiers Stanley Schachter, Michael Gazzaniga, 1990-04-02 Leon Festinger's forty-year scrutiny of that curious animal, the modern human being fundamentally transformed psychological thinking and shaped an entire scientific field, that of social psychology. The twenty-four papers brought together for the first time in Extending Psychological Frontiers encompass the classic contributions and critical turning points of Festinger's long career. Spanning the post-war decades, this unprecedented volume reveals the full scope, diversity, and import of Festinger's work. Its thematic arrangement clarifies the complex network of problems that preoccupied Festinger and the unique imaginative style that characterized his intellect. Whether examining the voting behavior of Catholics and Jews, the meaning of minute eye movements, the decisions of maze-running rats, or the proselytizing behavior of cultists, Festinger consistently transcended the traditional bounds of the discipline. His theory of cognitive dissonance, which describes how people attempt to resolve the tensions that result when they hold simultaneously two inconsistent beliefs, challenged preexisting psychological theories and produced more important ideas and experimentation than any other development in social psychology. Major writings on group dynamics, decision making, and perceptual processes further underscore the impact of Festinger's research not only on psychology, but also on a wide range of intellectual fronts, from literary theory to ethnology and from historical studies to contemporary political analysis. Extending Psychological Frontiers is an invaluable resource, providing a comprehensive and coherent picture of an extraordinary body of work. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Opening Skinner's Box Lauren Slater, 2004 Traces developments in human psychology over the course of the twentieth century, beginning with B. F. Skinner and the legend of the child raised in a box. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Cognitive Dissonance Eddie Harmon-Jones, 2019 This volume describes advances in the theory of cognitive dissonance, from its origination in 1954 to the present day. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Cognitive Dissonance Judson Mills, Eddie Harmon-Jones, 1999-01 Tell any smoker that his habit is unhealthy, and he most likely will agree. What mental process does a person go through when he or she continues to do something unhealthy? When an honest person tells a white lie, what happens to his or her sense of integrity? If someone must choose between two equally attractive options, why does one's value judgement of the options change after the choice has been made? In 1954 Dr. Leon Festinger drafted a version of a theory describing the psychological phenomenon that occurs in these situations. He called it cognitive dissonance: the feeling of psychological discomfort produced by the combined presence of two thoughts that do not follow from one another. Festinger proposed that the greater the discomfort, the greater the desire to reduce the dissonance of the two cognitive elements. The elegance of this theory has inspired psychologists over the past four decades. Cognitive Dissonance: Perspectives on a Pivotal Theory in Social Psychology documents the on-going research and debate provoked by this influential theory. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: An Analysis of Leon Festinger's A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Camille Morvan, Alexander O’Connor, 2017-07-05 Leon Festinger’s 1957 A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance is a key text in the history of psychology – one that made its author one of the most influential social psychologists of his time. It is also a prime example of how creative thinking and problem solving skills can come together to produce work that changes the way people look at questions for good. Strong creative thinkers are able to look at things from a new perspective, often to the point of challenging the very frames in which those around them see things. Festinger was such a creative thinker, leading what came to be known as the “cognitive revolution” in social psychology. When Festinger was carrying out his research, the dominant school of thought – behaviorism – focused on outward behaviors and their effects. Festinger, however, turned his attention elsewhere, looking at “cognition:” the mental processes behind behaviors. In the case of “cognitive dissonance”, for example, he hypothesized that apparently incomprehensible or illogical behaviors might be caused by a cognitive drive away from dissonance, or internal contradiction. This perspective, however, raised a problem: how to examine and test out cognitive processes. Festinger’s book records the results of the psychological experiments he designed to solve that problem. The results helped prove the existence for what is now a fundamental theory in social psychology. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Clashes of Knowledge Peter Meusburger, Michael Welker, Edgar Wunder, 2008-04-15 Do traditional distinctions between belief and knowledge still make sense? How are differences between knowledge and belief understood in different cultural contexts? This book explores conflicts between various types of knowledge, especially between orthodox and heterodox knowledge systems, ranging from religious fundamentalism to heresies within the scientific community itself. Beyond addressing many fields in the academy, the book discusses learned individuals interested in the often puzzling spatial and cultural disparities of knowledge and clashes of knowledge. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Theories of Emotion Robert Plutchik, Henry Kellerman, 2013-10-22 Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, Volume 1: Theories of Emotion, presents broad theoretical perspectives representing all major schools of thought in the study of the nature of emotion. The contributions contained in the book are characterized under three major headings - evolutionary context, psychophysiological context, and dynamic context. Subjects that are discussed include general psycho-evolutionary theory of emotion; the affect system; the biology of emotions and other feelings; and emotions as transitory social roles. Psychologists, sociobiologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, ethologists, and students the allied fields will find the text a good reference material. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: First (and Second) Steps in Statistics Daniel B Wright, Kamala London, 2009-03-18 ′This engagingly written and nicely opinionated book is a blend of friendly introduction and concisely applicable detail. No-one can recall every statistical formula, but if they have this book they will know where to look′ - Professor Jon May, University of Plymouth ′This is one of the best books I have come across for teaching introductory statistics. The illustrative examples are engaging and often humorous and the explanations of ′difficult′ concepts are written in a wonderfully clear and intuitive way′ - Nick Allum, University of Essex Selected as an Outstanding Academic Title by Choice Magazine, January 2010 First (and Second) Steps in Statistics, Second Edition provides a clear and concise introduction to the main statistical procedures used in the social and behavioural sciences and is perfect for the statistics student starting their journey. The rationale and procedure for analyzing data are presented through exciting examples with an emphasis on understanding rather than computation. It is ideally suited for introductory courses in statistics given its gentle beginning, yet progressive treatment of topics. In addition to descriptive statistics, graphs, t-tests, oneway ANOVAs, Chi-square, and simple linear regression, this Second Edition now includes some new, more advanced topic areas as well as a host of additional examples to help students confidently progress through their studies and apply the techniques in lab work, reports and research projects. Key features of this new edition: - the reoganization of the first three chapters giving more attention to univariate statistics and providing more examples to work through at this level - more advanced ′second step′ content has been added on factorial ANOVA and multiple regression - the robust methods chapter from the first edition is now spread throughout the book, and is linked with common teaching practices. - many more examples have been added to enhance the book′s practical potential. - a host of exercises as well as further reading sections at the end of every chapter. An accompanying Web page includes information for each chapter using the statistical packages SPSS and R. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: The Journal of Abnormal Psychology and Social Psychology , 1922 |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Leonard Berkowitz, 1969 |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Cognitive Consistency Bertram Gawronski, Fritz Strack, 2012-01-27 This volume provides an overview of recent research on the nature, causes, and consequences of cognitive consistency. In 21 chapters, leading scholars address the pivotal role of consistency principles at various levels of social information processing, ranging from micro-level to macro-level processes. The book's scope encompasses mental representation, processing fluency and motivational fit, implicit social cognition, thinking and reasoning, decision making and choice, and interpersonal processes. Key findings, emerging themes, and current directions in the field are explored, and important questions for future research identified. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Theories of Group Behavior Brian Mullen, George R. Goethals, 2012-12-06 In the fall of 1983, we began to organize a symposium entitled General Social Psychological Theories of Group Behavior. Our goal was to encourage the extension and application of basic current social psychology to group behavior. The symposium was presented in the spring of 1984 at the Eastern Psychological Association convention in Baltimore and the interest that it generated led to discussions with colleagues and friends about similar efforts by social psychologists, eventually resulting in the present book. Some clarification about the contents is in order. First, the theories presented here are clearly social psychological in scope and level of analysis, as discussed in the Introduction (Chapter 1). However, we are not trying to encompass sociological, anthropological, political, or historical theoretical approaches to group behavior. Second, while the theories comprise a wide-ranging and representative, if not quite exhaustive, selection of social psychological theories of group behavior, there are some interesting and general perspectives that are not represented. For example, one perspective that is conspicuous by its absence is some variant of learning theory. Aside from the rare, notable exception (e.g., Buss, 1979), little work currently is being done on group behavior from a learning theoretic perspective. Our inclusion or exclusion of a theory reflects our judgment regarding its currency and accessibility to social psychological researchers. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Statistics As Principled Argument Robert P. Abelson, 2012-09-10 In this illuminating volume, Robert P. Abelson delves into the too-often dismissed problems of interpreting quantitative data and then presenting them in the context of a coherent story about one's research. Unlike too many books on statistics, this is a remarkably engaging read, filled with fascinating real-life (and real-research) examples rather than with recipes for analysis. It will be of true interest and lasting value to beginning graduate students and seasoned researchers alike. The focus of the book is that the purpose of statistics is to organize a useful argument from quantitative evidence, using a form of principled rhetoric. Five criteria, described by the acronym MAGIC (magnitude, articulation, generality, interestingness, and credibility) are proposed as crucial features of a persuasive, principled argument. Particular statistical methods are discussed, with minimum use of formulas and heavy data sets. The ideas throughout the book revolve around elementary probability theory, t tests, and simple issues of research design. It is therefore assumed that the reader has already had some access to elementary statistics. Many examples are included to explain the connection of statistics to substantive claims about real phenomena. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Principles and Methods of Social Research William D. Crano, Marilynn B. Brewer, Andrew Lac, 2014-09-09 Used to train generations of social scientists, this thoroughly updated classic text covers the latest research techniques and designs. Applauded for its comprehensive coverage, the breadth and depth of content is unparalleled. Through a multi-methodology approach, the text guides readers toward the design and conduct of social research from the ground up. Explained with applied examples useful to the social, behavioral, educational, and organizational sciences, the methods described are intended to be relevant to contemporary researchers. The underlying logic and mechanics of experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental research strategies are discussed in detail. Introductory chapters covering topics such as validity and reliability furnish readers with a firm understanding of foundational concepts. Chapters dedicated to sampling, interviewing, questionnaire design, stimulus scaling, observational methods, content analysis, implicit measures, dyadic and group methods, and meta-analysis provide coverage of these essential methodologies. The book is noted for its: -Emphasis on understanding the principles that govern the use of a method to facilitate the researcher’s choice of the best technique for a given situation. - Use of the laboratory experiment as a touchstone to describe and evaluate field experiments, correlational designs, quasi experiments, evaluation studies, and survey designs. -Coverage of the ethics of social research including the power a researcher wields and tips on how to use it responsibly. The new edition features:-A new co-author, Andrew Lac, instrumental in fine tuning the book’s accessible approach and highlighting the most recent developments at the intersection of design and statistics. -More learning tools including more explanation of the basic concepts, more research examples, tables, and figures, and the addition of bold faced terms, chapter conclusions, discussion questions, and a glossary. -Extensive revision of chapter (3) on measurement reliability theory that examines test theory, latent factors, factor analysis, and item response theory. -Expanded coverage of cutting-edge methodologies including mediation and moderation, reliability and validity, missing data, and more physiological approaches such as neuroimaging and fMRIs. -A new web based resource package that features Power Points and discussion and exam questions for each chapter and for students chapter outlines and summaries, key terms, and suggested readings. Intended as a text for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses in research methods (design) in psychology, communication, sociology, education, public health, and marketing, an introductory undergraduate course on research methods is recommended. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Mind Hacks Tom Stafford, Matt Webb, 2004-11-22 The brain is a fearsomely complex information-processing environment--one that often eludes our ability to understand it. At any given time, the brain is collecting, filtering, and analyzing information and, in response, performing countless intricate processes, some of which are automatic, some voluntary, some conscious, and some unconscious.Cognitive neuroscience is one of the ways we have to understand the workings of our minds. It's the study of the brain biology behind our mental functions: a collection of methods--like brain scanning and computational modeling--combined with a way of looking at psychological phenomena and discovering where, why, and how the brain makes them happen.Want to know more? Mind Hacks is a collection of probes into the moment-by-moment works of the brain. Using cognitive neuroscience, these experiments, tricks, and tips related to vision, motor skills, attention, cognition, subliminal perception, and more throw light on how the human brain works. Each hack examines specific operations of the brain. By seeing how the brain responds, we pick up clues about the architecture and design of the brain, learning a little bit more about how the brain is put together.Mind Hacks begins your exploration of the mind with a look inside the brain itself, using hacks such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Turn On and Off Bits of the Brain and Tour the Cortex and the Four Lobes. Also among the 100 hacks in this book, you'll find: Release Eye Fixations for Faster Reactions See Movement When All is Still Feel the Presence and Loss of Attention Detect Sounds on the Margins of Certainty Mold Your Body Schema Test Your Handedness See a Person in Moving Lights Make Events Understandable as Cause-and-Effect Boost Memory by Using Context Understand Detail and the Limits of Attention Steven Johnson, author of Mind Wide Open writes in his foreword to the book, These hacks amaze because they reveal the brain's hidden logic; they shed light on the cheats and shortcuts and latent assumptions our brains make about the world. If you want to know more about what's going on in your head, then Mind Hacks is the key--let yourself play with the interface between you and the world. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: A Radical Dissonance Theory Jean-Léon Beauvois, Robert Joule, 1996 The aim of the Series is to publish and promote the highest quality of writing in European social psychology. The Editor and the Editorial Board encourage publications which approach social psychology from a wide range of theoretical perspectives and whose content may be applied, theoretical or empirical. The authors of books in the Series should be affiliated to institutions that are located in countries which would qualify for membership of the Association. All books will be published in English, and translations from other European languages are welcomed. Please submit ideas and proposals for books in the Series to Rupert Brown at the above address. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Cognitive Organization and Change Robert S. Wyer, 1974 Text of speech given Nov. 5, 1981. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Classic Experiments in Psychology Douglas G. Mook, 2004-12-30 The typical survey course in psychology has time for only limited presentation of the research on which our knowledge is based. As a result, many students come away with a limited understanding of the role of experiments in psychological science. Where do experiments come from and how are they conducted? What are the pitfalls and how can we avoid them? What advantages do they have over intuition, authority, and common sense as guides to knowing and acting? What distinguishes research-based psychology from psychobabble? What have we learned from experimentation in psychology? This book presents, in more depth than textbook treatment permits, the background, conduct, and implications of a selection of classic experiments in psychology. The selection is designed to be diverse, showing that even for research in vastly different areas of study, the logic of research remains the same—as do its traps and pitfalls. This book will broaden and deepen the understanding of experimental methods in psychological research, examining where the research questions come from, how questions can be turned into experiments, and how researchers have faced the problems presented by research in psychology. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Handbook of the History of Social Psychology Arie W. Kruglanski, Wolfgang Stroebe, 2012-10-12 For the first time in the history of social psychology, we have a handbook on the history of social psychology. In it, leading luminaries in the field present their take on how research in their own domains has unfolded, on the scientists whose impact shaped the research agendas in the different areas of social psychology, and on events, institutions and publications that were pivotal in determining the field’s history. Social psychology’s numerous subfields now boast a rich historical heritage of their own, which demands special attention. The Handbook recounts the intriguing and often surprising lessons that the tale of social psychology’s remarkable ascendance has to offer. The historical diversity is the hallmark of the present handbook reflecting each of this field’s domains unique evolution. Collectively, the contributions put a conceptual mirror to our field and weave the intricate tapestry of people, dynamics and events whose workings combined to produce what the vibrant discipline of social psychology is today. They allow the contemporary student, scholar and instructor to explore the historical development of this important field, provide insight into its enduring aims and allow them to transcend the vicissitudes of the zeitgeist and fads of the moment. The Handbook of the History of Social Psychology provides an essential resource for any social psychologist’s collection. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Social Psychology Catherine A. Sanderson, 2009-12-02 Catherine Sanderson's Social Psychology will help open students minds to a world beyond their own experience so that they will better understand themselves and others. Sanderson's uniquely powerful program of learning resources was built to support you in moving students from passive observers to active course participants. Go further in applying social psychology to everyday life. Sanderson includes application boxes on law, media, environment, business, health and education in every chapter right as the relevant material is introduced, rather than at the end of the book. This allows students to make an immediate connection between the concept and the relevant application and provides a streamlined 15 chapter organization that helps you cover more of the material in a term. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Forty Studies that Changed Psychology Roger R. Hock Ph.D., 2012-07-13 This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Forty studies that help shape Psychology Roger Hock’s Forty Studies provides a glimpse of the science of psychology, unraveling the complexities of human nature. This book provides a more in-depth look and analyses that cannot be found by reading a textbook or research alone. It has the original studies, research & analysis about the most famous studies in psychological history. Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers will: Gain background knowledge of the complexities in the psychology field. Learn about detailed studies in an easy, understandable manner. Understand scientific research, through closer examination of major topics. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Cognitive Motivation David Beswick, 2017-08-10 Motivation and cognition were treated as separate concepts throughout most of twentieth-century psychology. However, in recent years researchers have begun viewing the two as inextricably intertwined: not only does what we want affect how we think, but how we think affects what we want. In this innovative study, Beswick presents a new general theory of cognitive motivation, synthesizing decades of existing research in social, cognitive and personality psychology. New basic concepts are applied to a wide range of purposive behaviour. Part I of the volume reviews different forms of cognitive motivation, such as curiosity, cognitive dissonance, achievement motivation, and the search for purpose and meaning, while Part II examines the basic processes that underlie it, such as working memory, attention and emotion. The central concept is the incomplete gestalt, in which motivation is generated by a universal striving to integrate information and make sense at all levels of cognitive organization. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: The Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 1915 |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Attitudes and Attitude Change Gerd Bohner, Michaela Wanke, 2014-03-18 Attitudes - cognitive representations of our evaluation of ourselves, other people, things, actions, events, ideas - and attitude change have been a central concern in social psychology since the discipline began. People can - and do - have attitudes on an infinite range of things but what are attitudes, how do we form them and how can they be modified? This book provides the student with a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the basic issues in the psychological study of attitudes. Drawing on research from Europe and the USA it presents up-to-date coverage of the key issues that will be encountered in this area, including attitude formation and change, functions of attitudes, attitude measurement, attitudes as temporary constructs, persuasion processes and prediction of behaviour from attitudes. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Cognitive-Behavior Modification Donald Meichenbaum, 2013-06-29 This book is an account of a personal journey through a research program. A number of people have helped guide my way. To them I am deeply grateful. Special thanks are offered to my students, whose constant stimulation and provocation were incentives to write this book. Moreover, in the belief that they would never show the initiative to put together a festschrift for me (Le., a book dedicated to someone for his contributions), I decided to do it myself. Several people cared enough to offer editorial criticisms, namely, Myles Genest, Barney Gilmore, Roy Cameron, Sherryl Goodman, and Dennis Turk. The reader benefits from their perspicacity. Finally, to my parents, who taught me to talk to myself, and to my family, without whose constant input this book would have been completed much sooner, but would have been much less fun, I dedicate this book. D.M. 5 Contents Prologue 11 Chapter 1 17 Self-Instructional Training Hyperactive, Impulsive Children: An Illustration of a Search for a Deficit 23 Luria's Model (24), Private Speech and Mediational Skills (27) Self-Instructional Treatment of Hyperactive, Impulsive Children: A Beginning 31 Empirical Studies of Self-Instructional Training 34 Combining Self-Instructions and Operant Procedures (44), Reasoning Rediscovered (47), Importance of Attributional Style (48), Taking Stock (54) Chapter 2 The Clinical Application of Self-Instructional Training to Other Clinical Populations: Three Illustrations 55 Social Isolates 56 Creative Problem-Solving 58 Adult Schizophrenics 68 What Shall We Say to Ourselves When We Obtain Negative Results? 77 7 8 Contents Chapter 3 |
| festinger and carlsmith study: The Cognitive Control of Motivation Philip G. Zimbardo, 1969 |
| festinger and carlsmith study: The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change Joseph P. Forgas, Joel Cooper, William D. Crano, 2011-01-07 Attitudes are central to understanding human beings' unique ability to create elaborate predispositions and evaluations based on their social experiences. This volume reviews cutting-edge research on attitudes by leading scholars and is essential reading for social psychologists, and practitioners in clinical, counseling, organizational, marketing, forensic, and developmental psychology. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research Donald T. Campbell, Julian C. Stanley, 2015-09-03 We shall examine the validity of 16 experimental designs against 12 common threats to valid inference. By experiment we refer to that portion of research in which variables are manipulated and their effects upon other variables observed. It is well to distinguish the particular role of this chapter. It is not a chapter on experimental design in the Fisher (1925, 1935) tradition, in which an experimenter having complete mastery can schedule treatments and measurements for optimal statistical efficiency, with complexity of design emerging only from that goal of efficiency. Insofar as the designs discussed in the present chapter become complex, it is because of the intransigency of the environment: because, that is, of the experimenter’s lack of complete control. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: The Human Legacy Leon Festinger, 1983-07-18 For more than a million years, man's utter dependence on technology has been producing a host of intricate problems. For example, we steadily reduce the need for human labor while finding ways to increase life expectancy. We mass produce the automobile without grasping the harsh effects it leaves on the environment. The Human Legacy concerns the evolution and development of man–physically, socially, psychologically–into the latest version of the species we see around us today. The author paints an intriguing picture of man, living in complex societies and trying to solve the unanticipated consequences of action. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Forty Studies that Changed Psychology Roger R. Hock, 2005 1. Biology and Human Behavior. One Brain or Two, Gazzaniga, M.S. (1967). The split brain in man. More Experience = Bigger Brain? Rosenzweig, M.R., Bennett, E.L. & Diamond M.C. (1972). Brain changes in response to experience. Are You a Natural? Bouchard, T., Lykken, D., McGue, M., Segal N., & Tellegen, A. (1990). Sources of human psychological difference: The Minnesota study of twins raised apart. Watch Out for the Visual Cliff! Gibson, E.J., & Walk, R.D. (1960). The visual cliff. 2. Perception and Consciousness. What You See Is What You've Learned. Turnbull C.M. (1961). Some observations regarding the experience and behavior of the BaMuti Pygmies. To Sleep, No Doubt to Dream... Aserinsky, E. & Kleitman, N. (1953). Regularly occurring periods of eye mobility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Dement W. (1960). The effect of dream deprivation. Unromancing the Dream... Hobson, J.A. & McCarley, R.W. (1977). The brain as a dream-state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. Acting as if You Are Hypnotized Spanos, N.P. (1982). Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive, social, psychological perspective. 3. Learning and Conditioning. It's Not Just about Salivating Dogs! Pavlov, I.P.(1927). Conditioned reflexes. Little Emotional Albert. Watson J.B. & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional responses. Knock Wood. Skinner, B.F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. See Aggression...Do Aggression! Bandura, A., Ross, D. & Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. 4. Intelligence, Cognition, and Memory. What You Expect Is What You Get. Rosenthal, R. & Jacobson, L. (1966). Teacher's expectancies: Determinates of pupils' IQ gains. Just How are You Intelligent? H. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Maps in Your Mind. Tolman, E.C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Thanks for the Memories. Loftus, E.F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. 5. Human Development. Discovering Love. Harlow, H.F.(1958). The nature of love. Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind. Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child: The development of object concept. How Moral are You? Kohlberg, L.., (1963). The development of children's orientations toward a moral order: Sequence in the development of moral thought. In Control and Glad of It! Langer, E.J. & Rodin, J. (1976). The effects of choice and enhanced responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. 6. Emotion and Motivation. A Sexual Motivation... Masters, W.H. & Johnson, V.E. (1966). Human sexual response. I Can See It All Over Your Face! Ekman, P. & Friesen, V.W. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Life, Change, and Stress. Holmes, T.H. & Rahe, R.H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Thoughts Out of Tune. Festinger, L. & Carlsmith, J.M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. 7. Personality. Are You the Master of Your Fate? Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Masculine or Feminine or Both? Bem, S.L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Racing Against Your Heart. Friedman, M. & Rosenman, R.H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. The One; The Many..., Triandis, H., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M., Asai, M. & Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. 8. Psychopathology. Who's Crazy Here, Anyway? Rosenhan, D.L. (1973). On Being sane in insane places. Learning to Be Depressed. Seligman, M.E.P., & Maier, S.F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. You're Getting Defensive Again! Freud, A. (1946). The ego and mechanisms of defense. Crowding into the Behavioral Sink. Calhoun, J.B. (1962). Population density and social pathology. 9. Psychotherapy. Choosing Your Psychotherapist. Smith, M.L. & Glass, G.V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. Relaxing Your Fears Away. Wolpe, J. (1961). The systematic desensitization of neuroses. Projections of Who You Are. Rorschach, H. (1942). Psychodiagnostics: A diagnostic test based on perception. Picture This! Murray, H.A. (1938). Explorations in personality. 10. Social Psychology. Not Practicing What You Preach. LaPiere, R.T. (1934). Attitudes and actions. The Power of Conformity. Asch, S.E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. To Help or Not to Help. Darley, J.M. & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Obey at Any Cost. Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Introducing Psychological Research Philip Banyard, Andrew Grayson, 1996 Introducing Psychological Research provides readable and full summaries of over sixty major research studies in psychology. These illustrate the major themes of the subject and the major methodologies that psychologists use. The summaries provide enough detail for readers to make their own evaluation of the quality of the research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it. They are the next best thing to reading the original papers, often written in very dense academic style, and provide a readable and accessible account of some famous psychological studies - warts and all |
| festinger and carlsmith study: The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change Gregory R. Maio, Geoffrey Haddock, 2009 Written by two world-leading academics in the field of attitudes research, is a brand new textbook that gets to the very heart of this fascinating and far-reaching field. Greg Maio and Geoffrey Haddock describe how scientific methods have been used to better understand attitudes and how they change. With the aid of a few helpful metaphors, the text provides readers with a grasp of the fundamental concepts for understanding attitudes and an appreciation of the scientific challenges that lay ahead. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Perspectives on Cognitive Dissonance R. A. Wicklund, J. W. Brehm, 2013-04-15 Published in 1976, Perspectives on Cognitive Dissonance is a valuable contribution to the field of Social Psychology. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: A Theory of Action Identification Robin R. Vallacher, Daniel M. Wegner, 2014-04-04 First published in 1985. A person may be caught in the midst of a patently ridiculous act, interrupted in a moment of apparent confusion, or even aroused from sleep, and yet respond to a query of What are you doing? with remarkable ease. The answer that is given is an identification of action. It is the central idea of this book that such action identifications perform pivotal functions in a broad range of psychological and social processes. |
| festinger and carlsmith study: Attitudes, Behavior, and Social Context Deborah J. Terry, Michael A. Hogg, 1999-11-01 The reasons why people do not always act in accord with their attitudes has been the focus of much social psychological research, as have the factors that account for why people change their attitudes and are persuaded by such influences as the media. There is strong support for the view that attitude-behavior consistency and persuasion cannot be well understood without reference to the wider social context in which we live. Although attitudes are held by individuals, they are social products to the extent that they are influenced by social norms and the expectations of others. This book brings together an international group of researchers discussing private and public selves and their interaction through attitudes and behavior. The effects of the social context on attitude-behavior relations and persuasion is the central theme of this book, which--in its combination of theoretical exposition, critique, and empirical research--should be of interest to both basic and applied social psychologists. |
THOUGHTS OUT OF TUNE Journal of Abnormal and
In this study by Festinger and Carlsmith, as in many psychology experiments, the true purpose of the study cannot be revealed to the subjects, since this could seriously bias their responses …
COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF FORCED COMPLIANCE
Recently Festinger (1957) proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change following forced compliance. Since these …
An Introduction to Cognitive Dissonance Theory and an …
As presented by Festinger in 1957, dissonance theory began by postulating that pairs of cognitions (elements of knowledge) can be relevant or irrelevant to one another.
Reconsidering Festinger and Carlsmith 1 Revue Internationale …
In this article, I address these criticisms by reviewing research that has suggested improved ways of testing dissonance processes, and I present new data relevant to the concerns espoused by …
The Advances in the History of Cognitive Dissonance Theory
With the development of Festinger‟s Cognitive Dissonance theory (1957) and its classic experiment (Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959), a new era was opened for cognitively-oriented social …
COGNITIVD COMPLIANC ES CONSEQUENCE OF FORCE E
Recently, Festinger (1957) proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change following forced compliance. Since these …
CHANGING OUR MINDS - Springer
Festinger and Carlsmith's paper has one of the longest procedural sections that this author has ever seen in a psychology study, stretching from page 204 to page 207.
Explaining Preferences from Behavior: A Cognitive Dissonance …
Our framework builds on an insight originating in social psychology with the work of Festinger (1957) that suggests that actions could affect preferences through cognitive dis-sonance.
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE - University of Arizona
Soon after the first studies of selective perception, Leon Festinger (1957) proposed the theory of "cognitive dissonance." Since the 1950s, disso nance theory has generated hundreds of …
PERFORMANCE AND ADJUSTMENT UNDER STRESS 8334 - DTIC
Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) enticed subjects to make a false statement to an experimental accomplice; subjects were induced to say that a dull task had been fun and interesting.
A NEW LOOK AT DISSONANCE THEORY - Archive.org
We propose that the concept of dissonance must, in turn, be differentiated into the concepts of dissonance arousal and dissonance motivation. It is the latter that leads to the cognitive …
Cognitive Dissonance: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re …
In this paper, I will examine some of the initial controversies that propelled dissonance theory toward a decades-long journey as an important and controversial theoretical construct and …
Cognitive Dissonance Theory - Springer
At the core of Festinger’s theory was the idea that cognitive consistency, rather than reinforcement, was an important deter-minant of attitudes and behavior. To understand why …
Dissonance Theory and Self Theory: Fifteen More Years - JSTOR
Carlsmith's (1962) self-consistency finding were never es-tablished despite numerous replication attempts. It remains possible that the few self-consistency-supporting results ob-tained from …
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance: A Reappraisal - Prairie …
Through a reap-praisal of this theory as explicated by other researchers, this paper provides a context for better understanding of how indi-viduals experience cognitive dissonance and its …
Dissonance Theory: A Cognitive Psychology with an Engine
If dissonance theory is to make a genuine comeback and serve as the synthetic focus of work in seemingly disparate fields, then dissonance must stretch to encompass the issues of the last …
Cognitive Dissonance Theory: Effects of Insufficient …
In Chapter 2 we saw that there are two general mechanisms involved in the intrinsic motivation of behavior. People seek out challenges (i.e., they seek out incongruity or dissonance) and …
The Return of the Repressed: Dissonance Theory Makes a …
Recently, social psychologists seem to have rediscovered motivation and several mini- theories have emerged blending cognition with motivation-in much the same way that Festinger did …
Cognitive Dissonance: A Closer Look at the Spreading of …
Festinger’s (1957) cognitive dissonance theory argues that people can experience conflict when opting to forego a favorable option or when opting to accept an unfavorable option.
Situated Identities and Social Psychological Experimentation
By simulating the results of a series of "insufficient justification" experiments, contradictory and in-explicable findings are accounted for. The implications of the situation and of available …
THOUGHTS OUT OF TUNE Journal of Abnormal and
In this study by Festinger and Carlsmith, as in many psychology experiments, the true purpose of the study cannot be revealed to the …
COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF FORC…
Recently Festinger (1957) proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change …
An Introduction to Cognitive Dissonance Theory and an …
As presented by Festinger in 1957, dissonance theory began by postulating that pairs of cognitions (elements of knowledge) can be relevant or …
Reconsidering Festinger and Carlsmith 1 Revue Internat…
In this article, I address these criticisms by reviewing research that has suggested improved ways of testing dissonance processes, and I present …
The Advances in the History of Cognitive Dissonance T…
With the development of Festinger‟s Cognitive Dissonance theory (1957) and its classic experiment (Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959), a new era was …
