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| discriminative stimulus psychology example: 21st Century Psychology: A Reference Handbook Stephen F. Davis, William Buskist, 2008 Highlights the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates in the field of psychology. Provides material of interest for students from all corners of psychological studies, whether their interests be in the biological, cognitive, developmental, social, or clinical arenas. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Psychology and Life Richard J Gerrig, Philip G Zimbardo, Andrew J Campbell, Steven R Cumming, Fiona J Wilkes, 2015-05-20 Bringing the science of psychology to life! The 2nd Australasian edition of Psychology and Life emphasises the science of psychology, with a special focus on applying that science to students’ everyday lives. As a result, the features of Psychology and Life support a central theme: psychology as a science, with a focus on applying that science to real life experiences. Australasian research, examples and statistics help make the theory even more relevant for today’s students. Psychology and Life 2e provides a rigorous, research-centred survey of the discipline while offering students special features and learning aids that will make the science of psychology relevant, spark their interest and excite their imaginations. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Exercise Psychology Janet Buckworth, Rod K. Dishman, 2002 In this in-depth examination of the relationship between exercise and psychological constructs information is presented from a wide variety of disciplines, including neuroscience and public health. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology Harold L. Miller, Jr., 2016-01-05 Drawing together a team of international scholars, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology examines the contemporary landscape of all the key theories and theorists, presenting them in the context needed to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Key features include: · Approximately 300 signed entries fill two volumes · Entries are followed by Cross-References and Further Readings · A Reader′s Guide in the front matter groups entries thematically · A detailed Index and the Cross-References provide for effective search-and-browse in the electronic version · Back matter includes a Chronology of theory within the field of psychology, a Master Bibliography, and an annotated Resource Guide to classic books in this field, journals, associations, and their websites The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology is an exceptional and scholarly source for researching the theory of psychology, making it a must-have reference for all academic libraries. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: The Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice Alan Carr, Christine Linehan, Gary O'Reilly, Patricia Noonan Walsh, John McEvoy, 2016-04-12 The Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice will equip clinical psychologists in training with the skills necessary to complete a clinical placement in the field of intellectual disability. Building on the success of the previous edition this handbook has been extensively revised. Throughout, the text, references, and website addresses and have been updated to reflect important developments since the publication the first edition. Recent research findings on the epidemiology, aetiology, course, outcome, assessment and treatment of all psychological problems considered in the book have been incorporated into the text. Account has been taken of changes in the diagnosis and classification of intellectual disability and psychological problems reflected in the AAIDD-11 and the DSM-5. New chapters on the assessment of adaptive behaviour and support needs, person-centred active support, and the assessment of dementia in people with intellectual disability have been added. The book is divided into eight sections: Section 1: Covers general conceptual frameworks for practice - diagnosis, classification, epidemiology and lifespan development. Section 2: Focuses on assessment of intelligence, adaptive behaviour, support needs, quality of life, and the processes of interviewing and report writing. Section 3: Covers intervention frameworks, specifically active support, applied behavioural analysis and cognitive behaviour therapy. Section 4: Deals with supporting families of children with intellectual disability, genetic syndromes and autism spectrum disorders. Section 5: Covers issues associated with intellectual disability first evident or prevalent in middle childhood. Section 6: Deals with adolescent concerns including life skills training, relationships and sexuality. Section 7: Focuses on residential, vocational and family-related challenges of adulthood and aging. Section 8: Deals with professional issues and risk assessment. Chapters cover theoretical and empirical issues on the one hand and practice issues on the other. They close with summaries and suggestions for further reading for practitioners and families containing a member with an intellectual disability. Where appropriate, in many chapters, practice exercises to aid skills development have been included. The second edition of the Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice is one of a set of three volumes which cover the lion’s share of the curriculum for clinical psychologists in training in the UK and Ireland. The other two volumes are the Handbook of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, Third Edition (by Alan Carr) and the Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology Practice, Second Edition (edited by Alan Carr & Muireann McNulty). |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Psychology James S. Nairne, Dawn M. McBride, 2021-12-15 James S. Nairne and new co-author Dawn M. McBride’s best-selling Psychology, Seventh Edition offers a learning framework that follows the scientific process, connecting psychological concepts with common, everyday experiences. By first considering the purpose of psychological concepts and processes, students are prepared to understand when, why and how psychological phenomena occur in common human moments. Empirically based pedagogy—including concept reviews, self-tests, critical thinking activities, and active chapter summaries—are included throughout to promote retention, retrieval practice, and deeper thinking while guiding students to develop scientific literacy. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus VOGT, GABRIEL, 2013-11-27 |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Theories in Educational Psychology Alyssa R. Gonzalez-DeHass, Patricia P. Willems, 2012-12-14 Theories in Educational Psychology’s purpose is to introduce readers to the pioneering educational psychology theories that continue to shape our understanding of the classroom learning environment, present support for the theories from perspectives in the current research literature, and share how these theoretical traditions have translated into effective teaching methods. Each chapter will be infused with practical teaching examples, classroom vignettes, and instructional strategies so readers are continually confronted with how theory translates to practice. In addition to becoming familiar with the conceptual understanding of core theoretical knowledge, readers will also be presented with current thinking about each theory and an introduction to important related topics at the close of each chapter. The chapters will also conclude with activities designed to help readers reflect on their learning of each chapter’s content. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Psychological Foundations of Attitudes Anthony G. Greenwald, Timothy C. Brock, Thomas M. Ostrom, 2013-09-24 Psychological Foundations of Attitudes presents various approaches and theories about attitudes. The book opens with a chapter on the development of attitude theory from 1930 to 1950. This is followed by separate chapters on the principles of the attitude-reinforcer-discriminative system; a systematic test of a learning theory analysis of interpersonal attraction; a spread of effect in attitude formation; Hullian learning theory; and possible origins of learned attitudinal cognitions. Subsequent chapters deal with mechanisms through which attitudes can function as both independent and dependent variables in the attitude-behavior link; and the problem of how people go about applying a summary label to their attitudes and the reciprocal effects that rating has on the content of attitude. The final chapters discuss a commodity theory that relates selective social communication to value formation; the freedoms there are in regard to attitudes; attitude change occasioned by actions which are discrepant from one's previously existing attitudes or values; and the conflict-theory approach to attitude change. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: A2 Level Psychology Michael W. Eysenck, 2017-10-03 This thoroughly updated edition of the bestselling Psychology for A2 Level has been written specifically for the new AQA-A Psychology A2-level specification for teaching from September 2009. It is the ideal follow-up to AS Level Psychology, 4th edition by the same author, but also to any AS-level textbook. This full-colour book, which builds on the ideas and insights explored at AS Level to promote a deeper understanding of psychology, is written in an engaging and accessible style by a highly experienced author. It incorporates contributions, advice and feedback from a host of A-Level teachers and psychologists including Philip Banyard, Evie Bentley, Clare Charles, Diana Dwyer, Mark Griffiths and Craig Roberts. At this level, students select options from a range of specified topics and this book includes chapters on all of the compulsory and optional topics that are on the new A2 syllabus in sufficient depth for the requirements of the course. It has a new focus on the nature and scope of psychology as a science with an emphasis on how science works, and guidance on how to engage students in practical scientific research activities. Presented in a clear, reader-friendly layout, the book is packed with advice on exam technique, hints and tips to give students the best chance possible of achieving the highest grade. The book is supported by our comprehensive package of online student and teacher resources, A2 Psychology Online. Student resources feature a wealth of multimedia materials to bring the subject to life, including our new A2 revision guide and A2 Workbook, multiple choice quizzes, revision question tips, interactive exercises and podcasts by key figures in psychology. Teacher resources include a teaching plan, chapter-by-chapter lecture presentations, and classroom exercises and activities. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: A Work in Progress Ron Leaf, John McEachin, 1999 Guide to Educate Children Diagnosed with Autism Through Applied Behavior Analysis |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: A Student's Guide to Studying Psychology Thomas M. Heffernan, 2000 Thomas M. Hefferman provides insights into the most critical aspects of studying psychology. It is written for students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels along with those deciding whether to take psychology as an academic subject. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Relational Frame Theory Steven C. Hayes, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Bryan Roche, 2005-11-30 This volume goes beyond theory and gives the empirical and conceptual tools to conduct an experimental analysis of virtually every substantive topic in human language and cognition, both basic and applied. It challenges behavioral psychology to abandon many of the specific theoretical formulations of its most prominent historical leader in the domain of complex human behavior, especially in human language and cognition, and approach the field from a new direction. It will be of interest to behavior theorists, cognitive psychologists, therapists, and educators. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Introduction to Scientific Psychology Henry D. Jr. Schlinger, Alan Poling, 2013-11-21 We humans are faced with an interesting problem: That which we think we un derstand the most-our own behavior-we probably understand the least. On the eve of a new millennium. the planet is beset by a host of problems that are. for the most part. caused by human behavior. Ironically. although it seems that the greatest impact of our behavior is on the planet and its other inhabitants. we may actually be threatening our own future the most. For example. we have caused untold harm to the air we breathe. to the water we drink. and. by exten sion. to much of the food we eat. More important perhaps. we have created a so ciety in which. among other things. many people are anxious and depressed. young women starve themselves. and alcohol and cigarette use are responsible for hundreds of thousands of cases of illness and death every year. And humans still murder one another at an astounding rate. while at the same time continu ing to affirm the value of human life. At a time when it is critical that our chil dren become educated. more and more children are not learning the basic skills they will need to think logically so that they can begin to solve the world's problems. The question may be not Can the planet survive? but. rather. Can we humans survive and change our own destructive actions? Although many scholars. philosophers. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Behavior Analysis and Learning W. David Pierce, Carl D. Cheney, 2013-04-15 Behavior Analysis and Learning, Fourth Edition is an essential textbook covering the basic principles in the field of behavior analysis and learned behaviors, as pioneered by B. F. Skinner. The textbook provides an advanced introduction to operant conditioning from a very consistent Skinnerian perspective. It covers a range of principles from basic respondent conditioning through applied behavior analysis into cultural design. Elaborating on Darwinian components and biological connections with behavior, the book treats the topic from a consistent worldview of selectionism. The functional relations between the organism and the environment are described, and their application in accounting for old behavior and generating new behavior is illustrated. Expanding on concepts of past editions, the fourth edition provides updated coverage of recent literature and the latest findings. There is increased inclusion of biological and neuroscience material, as well as more data correlating behavior with neurological and genetic factors. The material presented in this book provides the reader with the best available foundation in behavior science and is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology or other behavior-based disciplines. In addition, a website of supplemental resources for instructors and students makes this new edition even more accessible and student-friendly. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Inferred Functions of Performance and Learning Siegfried Engelmann, Donald Steely, 2003-12-08 This ambitious, highly theoretical book provides a capstone for the careers of two very distinguished scholars. It begins with an analysis of what functions and systems must exist for any organism or machine to perform an unlearned act, that is, with an analysis of what must be wired into the organism or machine. Once the basics of unlearned responding have been established, the authors then systematically show how learning mechanisms can be layered onto that foundation in ways that account for the performance of new, learned operations that eventually culminate in the acquisition of higher-order operations that involve concepts and language. This work is of interest to various practitioners engaged in analyzing and creating behavior: the ethnologist, the instructional designer, the learning psychologist, the physiologist-neurobiologist, and particularly the designer of intelligent machines. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Operant Conditioning Derek E. Blackman, 2017-09-29 The approach to psychology advocated by the radical behaviourists was often misunderstood and frequently gave rise to controversy. Originally published in 1974, this book introduced current research in operant conditioning and explains the attempt to understand behaviour inherent in such experiments at the time. After considering the philosophical context in which behaviouristic psychology developed, the author outlines the basic characteristics of operant research by reviewing single experiments on the effects of reinforcement on behaviour. Chapters on schedules of intermittent reinforcement extend this approach to more complex situations and emphasize that behaviour can be maintained and controlled in many different ways by environmental events. The author then discusses recent work on conditional reinforcement and on the discriminative control of behaviour and shows how operant research has changed our understanding of these important concepts in psychology. Subsequent chapters review research within the operant paradigm on the effects on behaviour of punishment, anxiety, aversive stimuli and drugs, again by emphasising the special contribution to these topics made by operant conditioning techniques and methodology. The final chapters consider the general implications of operant research for educational practice and for clinical psychology, and place this approach within the context of psychology as a whole. Dr Blackman argues that it should be recognized as one important attempt to further the scientific analysis of behaviour. This book, filled a long recognized need for an undergraduate text in this area at the time, and helped students form their own evaluation. Now it should be read in its historical context. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology Amy Wenzel, 2017-03-16 Abnormal and clinical psychology courses are offered in psychology programs at universities worldwide, but the most recent major encyclopedia on the topic was published many years ago. Although general psychology handbooks and encyclopedias include essays on abnormal and clinical psychology, such works do not provide students with an accessible reference for understanding the full scope of the field. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, a 7-volume, A-Z work (print and electronic formats), will be such an authoritative work. Its more than 1,400 entries will provide information on fundamental approaches and theories, various mental health disorders, assessment tools and psychotherapeutic interventions, and the social, legal, and cultural frameworks that have contributed to debates in abnormal and clinical psychology. Key features include: 1,400 signed articles contained in 7 volumes and available in choice of print and/or electronic formats Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping related entries thematically Back matter includes a Chronology, Resource Guide, Bibliography, and detailed Index Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References between and among entries all combine to provide robust search-and-browse features in the electronic version. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: An Introduction to Ecological Psychology Allan W. Wicker, 1984-11-25 This highly readable account of the ecological psychology movement makes its general ideas accessible to the beginning student and non-specialist. It describes the work of Roger Barker in the 'behaviour settings' of small American and English towns and the formulation of 'manning theory,' which concerns the number of people needed to 'operate and maintain' a particular setting. The author concludes by suggesting implications for everyday life and proposing different directions for ecological psychology. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Behavioral Pharmacology of 5-ht Paul Bevan, 2013-05-13 This volume reviews the current state of research within the behavioral pharmacology of 5-HT. The book opens exciting new approaches to the interdisciplinary study of behavior and pharmacology with special reference to ethology, endocrinology, neuroanatomy and comparative aspects of drug action, and notes new developments in therapeutic drugs of the future. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Learning Jerome Frieman, Steve Reilly, 2015-07-29 Learning: A Behavioral, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Synthesis provides an integrated account of the psychological processes involved in learning and conditioning and their influence on human behavior. With a skillful blend of behavioral, cognitive, and evolutionary themes, the text explores various types of learning as adaptive specialization that evolved through natural selection. Robust pedagogy and relevant examples bring concepts to life in this unique and accessible approach to the field. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Contingencies of Reinforcement B. F. Skinner, 2014-07-01 B. F. Skinner titled this book, Contingencies of Reinforcement, after the heart of his science of behavior. Contingencies relate classes of actions to postcedent events and to the contexts in which those action-postcedent relations occur. The basic processes seem straightforward, but many people do not know or understand the underlying theory. Skinner believed that ‘a theory is essential to the scientific understanding of behavior as a subject matter”. This book presents some of Skinner’s most sophisticated statements about theoretical issues. To his original articles, he added notes to clarify and expand subtle points. The book thus provides an overview of Skinner’s thinking about theory and the philosophy underpinning the science he began. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies Christine M. Nezu, Arthur M. Nezu, 2016 The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies provides a contemporary and comprehensive illustration of the wide range of evidence-based psychotherapy tools available to both clinicians and researchers. Chapters are written by the most prominent names in cognitive and behavioral theory, assessment, and treatment, and they provide valuable insights concerning the theory, development, and future directions of cognitive and behavioral interventions. Unlike other handbooks that provide a collection of intervention chapters but do not successfully tie these interventions together, the editors have designed a volume that not only takes the reader through underlying theory and philosophies inherent to a cognitive and behavioral approach, but also includes chapters regarding case formulation, requisite professional cognitive and behavioral competencies, and integration of multiculturalism into clinical practice. The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies clarifies terms present in the literature regarding cognitive and behavioral interventions and reveals the rich variety, similarities, and differences among the large number of cognitive and behavioral interventions that can be applied individually or combined to improve the lives of patients. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: International Review of Neurobiology , 1989-03-01 International Review of Neurobiology |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Principles of Behavior Richard W. Malott, Joseph T. Shane, 2015-10-02 This book serves as a general, liberal-arts introduction to behavior analysis, as well as a first step in becoming a professional behavior analyst at the BA, MA, or the PhD/EdD level. It presents various case studies and examples that help readers to apply principles of behavior to real life. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: The Dictionary of Psychology Ray Corsini, 2016-12-05 With more than three times as many defined entries, biographies, illustrations, and appendices than any other dictionary of psychology ever printed in the English language, Raymond Corsini's Dictionary of Psychology is indeed a landmark resource. The most comprehensive, up-to-date reference of its kind, the Dictionary also maintains a user-friendliness throughout. This combination ensures that it will serve as the definitive work for years to come. With a clear and functional design, and highly readable style, the Dictionary offers over 30,000 entries (including interdisciplinary terms and contemporary slang), more than 125 illustrations, as well as extensive cross-referencing of entries. Ten supportive appendices, such as the Greek Alphabet, Medical Prescription Terms, and biographies of more than 1,000 deceased contributors to psychology, further augment the Dictionary's usefulness. Over 100 psychologists as well as numerous physicians participated as consulting editors, and a dozen specialist consulting editors reviewed the material. Dr. Alan Auerbach, the American Psychological Association's de facto dictionary expert, served as the senior consulting editor. As a final check for comprehensiveness and accuracy, independent review editors were employed to re-examine, re-review, and re-approve every entry. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Purines: Basic and Clinical Aspects T.W. Stone, Anne Simmonds, 2012-12-06 Many groups of biologically important compounds experience cycles of furious research activity and near oblivion. The purines however seem not to be falling into such a pattern. Interest seems to be continuing almost exponentially with no sign of diminution. The result is a frighteningly extensive literature and an increas ing demand for international conferences and symposia. Unfortunately meetings such as these also spawn increasingly voluminous proceedings and it becomes more and more difficult for a newcomer to the area, or a non specialist, to obtain the general introductory survey he needs. This volume therefore is not intended to be comprehensive - far from it. We have tried to be selective in the material presented and the references quoted. They should provide a quick guide and access to key works in the literature which can be expanded by library or computerised searching. We hope that our efforts will widen the appreciation of purines as biologically important substances and will herald the day when more purine related drugs than the handful currently available are used for the selective treatment of disease. We are grateful to the many authors and publishers who have given permission to reproduce figures or quote unpublished results, and to Anne Stone for her patient typing of the manuscript. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Adaptive Learning and the Human Condition Jeffrey C. Levy, 2015-10-30 Adaptive Learning and the Human Condition presents the basic principles of classical (Pavlovian) and instrumental (Skinnerian) conditioning in a more coherent and expansive manner than is the case in other textbooks. Learning is defined as an adaptive process through which individuals acquire the ability to predict, and where possible, control the environment. This overarching definition enables integration of traditional Pavlovian and Skinnerian principles and terminology and makes explicit why treatment of the learning process is essentially limited to these two historical research paradigms. Pavlov developed a methodology for studying animals under circumstances where they could predict, but not control, sequences of environmental events. Skinner studied animals under circumstances where their behavior had an effect upon environmental events. Observational learning and symbolic communication (i.e., spoken or written language) are incorporated as indirect learning processes through which individuals can acquire the ability to predict or control. This treatment creates a perspective within which it is possible to consider the fundamental nature of the learning process in understanding the human condition and in addressing significant individual and social concerns. Examples of applications and issues not included in similar textbooks include: The role of classical and instrumental conditioning in language acquisition The administration of rewards and punishers in Baumrind’s parental styles as related to Kohlberg’s stages of moral development Stone-Age hunter-gatherer and technologically-advanced cultures: How did we get from there to here? Self-control and self-actualization While covering traditional technical and theoretical issues, the book is written in a clear, engaging style. The narrative builds across chapters, culminating in the treatment of applications and societal concerns of import and interest to students and faculty alike. Upon completing this book, readers should be able to: explain the significance of human condition through adaptive learning; present the basic principles of classical and instrumental conditioning; and understand the significance of scientific research |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: The Science of Learning Joseph J. Pear, 2014-01-02 Growing at an ever-increasing pace for over a century, the solid body of concepts and facts that constitute the science of learning demand a comprehensive, systematic introduction. Completely up-to-date and written in a direct, easy-to-read style that is suitable for undergraduates, The Science of Learning is such an introduction. Because its focus is on what is known rather than what is speculated, this book differs from other learning texts by not dwelling on which theories are or are not in vogue. The text's comprehensive coverage makes it an ideal reference for more advanced scholars and specialists in learning and related fields. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: A Primer of Human Behavioral Pharmacology Alan Poling, 2013-06-29 vii Drugs and sex are two topics about which most people have strong opinions and weak understanding. Knowledge of each can be gained in many ways, all with associated rewards and risks. Like all textbooks, this one was written in the belief that reading can foster learning. The book is intended to introduce principles of behavioral pharmacology to readers with little or no knowledge of the discipline but with an interest in how drugs affect human behavior. Gleaning anything of value from the text requires two things from the reader. The first is a willingness to accept an analysis of drug effects that shares little with folklore or common sense no tions of drug action. The second is a willingness to accept the fact that the behavioral effects of drugs are complex and depend upon a sizable number of pharmacological and behavioral variables. Unless one is aware of these factors and how they determine a drug's actions, the behavioral effects of drugs can be neither pre dicted nor meaningfully explained. If it does nothing else, this volume will make it obvious that the behavioral effects of drugs are lawful and can be predicted and understood on the basis of well-established relations between empirical phenomena. De scribing these relations and exploring how they allow behavioral ix x PREFACE pharmacologists to make sense of drug effects that are otherwise incomprehensible was a major goal in preparing the text. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Behavior Analysis Julian C. Leslie, Mark F. O'Reilly, 2016-01-20 This psychology textbook offers a comprehensive examination of the basic principles of behavior analysis and their application to issues of social significance. Behavioral scientists are interested in elucidating the fundamental principles that govern the behavior of human and non-human animals. Behavior Analysis is designed to meet the needs of senior undergraduate courses and postgraduate training in behavior analysis and its applications. The eleven comprehensive chapters: ·consider how fundamental principles of behavior can be used in an applied setting to identify behavior to be changed, to select treatments which increase of decrease behavior, and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions; and ·give examples from various disciplines, including dietetics, education, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, as well as clinical, social, health and community psychology. In addition to covering core material essential for courses in psychology, this volume will also provide a useful account of behavioural psychology and its applied uses for students and professionals from a wide range of fields. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Adult Psychological Problems Michael J. Power, 2000 First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Psychology Michael W. Eysenck, 2004 In this book Michael Eysenck, one of the UK's most eminent and leading psychologists, provides a unique approach to Introductory Psychology. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: A History of Psychology Thomas Hardy Leahey, 2017-10-02 A History of Psychology places social, economic, and political forces of change alongside psychology’s internal theoretical and empirical arguments, illuminating how the external world has shaped psychology’s development, and, in turn, how the late twentieth century’s psychology has shaped society. Featuring extended treatment of important movements such as the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, the textbook approaches the material from an integrative rather than wholly linear perspective. The text carefully examines how issues in psychology reflect and affect concepts that lie outside the field of psychology’s technical concerns as a science and profession. This new edition features expanded attention on psychoanalysis after its founding as well as new developments in cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and behavioral economics. Throughout, the book strengthens its exploration of psychological ideas and the cultures in which they developed and reinforces the connections between psychology, modernism, and postmodernism. The textbook covers scientific, applied, and professional psychology, and is appropriate for higher-level undergraduate and graduate students. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Behavior Change in the Human Services Martin Sundel, Sandra S. Sundel, 2017-01-13 Behavior Change in the Human Services, Sixth Edition continues to provide a systematic introduction and overview of behavioral and cognitive principles and their applications to a wide range of problems and situations encountered in the human service professions. Designed for students and practitioners, the book uses a unique problem-solving framework to demonstrate how behavior change principles can be applied to practice situations. Martin and Sandra Sundel feature a detailed and sequential organization that encourages readers to move progressively through material of increasing complexity and to conduct self-assessments of their knowledge. The Fifth Edition includes eight clinical case studies and many new and engaging examples that address issues such as substance abuse, child behavior problems, assertiveness, marital discord, and developing appropriate social behaviors. The expanded chapter on intervention techniques incorporates empirically tested behavioral and cognitive strategies for addressing clinical problems such as phobias, anxiety disorders, depression, and other behavioral disorders. Current developments and trends in the field are discussed, including the movement toward evidence-based practice. This comprehensive yet accessible text also features figures, charts, and forms to demonstrate data collection and analysis. Any student pursuing a career in the helping professions, including social work, psychology, counseling, special education, nursing, and psychiatry, will find this book valuable |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Understanding Behaviorism William M. Baum, 2017-03-06 Understanding Behaviorism is a classic textbook that explains the basis of behavior analysis and its application to human problems in a scholarly but accessible manner. Now in its third edition, the text has been substantially updated to include the latest developments over the last decade in behaviour analysis, evolutionary theory, and cultural evolution theory The only book available that explains behavior analysis and applies it to philosophical and practical problems, written by one of today’s best-known and most highly respected behaviorists Explores ancient concepts such as purpose, language, knowledge, and thought, as well as applying behavioural thinking to contemporary social issues like freedom, democracy, and culture Part of the new evolutionary perspective for understanding individual behavior in general and culture in particular – culminates with practical approaches to improving the lives of all humanity |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Occasion Setting American Psychological Association, 1998-01-01 Content Description #Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: The Wiley Handbook of Contextual Behavioral Science Robert D. Zettle, Steven C. Hayes, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Anthony Biglan, 2015-11-13 The Wiley Handbook of Contextual Behavioral Science describes the philosophical and empirical foundation of the contextual behavioral science movement; it explores the history and goals of CBS, explains its core analytic assumptions, and describes Relational Frame Theory as a research and practice program. This is the first thorough examination of the philosophy, basic science, applied science, and applications of Contextual Behavioral Science Brings together the philosophical and empirical contributions that CBS is making to practical efforts to improve human wellbeing Organized and written in such a way that it can be read in its entirety or on a section-by-section basis, allowing readers to choose how deeply they delve into CBS Extensive coverage of this wide ranging and complex area that encompasses both a rich basic experimental tradition and in-depth clinical application of that experimental knowledge Looks at the development of RFT, and its implications for alleviating human suffering |
| discriminative stimulus psychology example: Essentials of Psychology Saul Kassin, Gregory J. Privitera, Krisstal D. Clayton, 2022-01-05 Psychology exists all around us. It influences politics, policy, social interactions, teaching and learning science, and even workplace practices. In Essentials of Psychology, authors Saul Kassin, Gregory J. Privitera, and Krisstal D. Clayton propel students into a clear, vibrant understanding of psychological science with an integrative, learn-by-doing approach. Students assume the role of a psychologist, carrying out experiments; and making predictions. Compelling storytelling, real-life examples, and the authors’ active practice approach encourages critical thinking and engagement. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package, including: Digital Option / Courseware SAGE Vantage is an intuitive digital platform that delivers this text’s content and course materials in a learning experience that offers auto-graded assignments and interactive multimedia tools, all carefully designed to ignite student engagement and drive critical thinking. Built with you and your students in mind, it offers simple course set-up and enables students to better prepare for class. |
DISCRIMINATIVE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DISCRIMINATIVE is making distinctions.
DISCRIMINATIVE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DISCRIMINATIVE definition: 1. able to see, hear, or recognize small differences between things : 2. treating a person …
DISCRIMINATIVE Synonyms: 28 Similar and Opposite Words
Synonyms for DISCRIMINATIVE: discriminatory, unfair, discriminating, unjust, differential, unequal, discriminational, selective; Antonyms of …
DISCRIMINATIVE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictio…
DISCRIMINATIVE definition: making fine distinctions ; discerning | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples
Discriminative - definition of discriminative by ... - The Fre…
Define discriminative. discriminative synonyms, discriminative pronunciation, discriminative translation, English dictionary definition of discriminative. …
14. Stimulus Control Transfer
14. Stimulus Control Transfer Stimulus control transfer is a concept in ABA that refers to the process of changing which stimulus cues or discriminative stimuli (SD) influence a particular …
Positive Punishment - touchstoneaba.com
discriminative stimulus (SDp) is followed closely in time by a stimulus change (SP) and results in a decreased frequency of similar responses in the future when the SDpis present. A …
The Relationship Between Motivating Operations & …
•For example, thunder only occurs if there is lightning •However, contingent relations, typically, are weaker than than “if and only if X, then Y” •The dependencies are probabilistic . Types of …
Blocking of Stimulus Control and Conditioned Reinforcement …
with the reinforcer prior to the compound-stimulus (A and B) pairings with the reinforcer, stimulus control by B may be weak or absent during a test for stimulus control. This phe-nomenon is …
Chapter 13 Motivating Operations - Springer
If so, this stimulus is a discriminative stimulus (e.g., McDonald’s golden arches). Or does this stimulus tell us that a reinforcer is effective in this moment? If so, this stimulus is a motivat-ing …
Chapter 17 Modeling and Imitation - Springer
an example). This will help ensure the model alone is controlling behavior. Relatedly, many individuals with developmental disabilities are taught to imitate behavior following the …
Three Laws of Behavior: Allocation, Induction, and Covariance
Jun 18, 2018 · valid measure of behavior and (b) stimulus con-trol. With these two new concepts, Skinner left S-R bonds behind. Instead, he thought of re-sponse rate as an indicator of …
I OPERANT CONTINGENCY ENOUGH FOR A SCIENCE OF …
each other). For example, in the case of a rat in an experimental chamber, a flashing light qualifies as a discriminative stimulus only if it is a part of a contingency in which the presence of the light …
Running head: MOTIVATING OPERATIONS AND STIMULUS …
Running head: MOTIVATING OPERATIONS AND STIMULUS CONTROL 1 Motivating Operations and Stimulus Control Timothy L. Edwards1, Amin D. Lotfizadeh2, and Alan Poling3 …
10 STIMULUS CONTROL AND COGNITION - Duke University
For example, it isn’t much help in constructing machines that can recog- ... response” psychology. Hence, “stimulus” is the natural place to start. The term’s behaviorist ... mally elicited by …
DOES A NEGATIVE DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS FUNCTION …
Psychology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, ... forcers (i.e., a negative discriminative stimulus). For example, Mulvaney, …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology 2 Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology 21st Century Psychology: A …
Example of stimulus control in aba - Techie Lingo
Generalization After a discriminative stimulus is established, similar stimuli are found to evoke the controlled response. This is called stimulus generalization. As the stimulus becomes less and …
The Generalization of Mands - Springer
no specified relation to a prior stimulus, meaning that the word spoken (signed, written, and so on) is determined not by a discriminative stimulus (S D) but by the MO (Michael, 1988). Saying …
Motivating Operations and Discriminative Stimuli: …
Motivating Operations and Discriminative Stimuli: Distinguishable but Interactive Variables Alan Poling1 & Amin D. Lotfizadeh2 & Timothy L. Edwards3 # Association for Behavior Analysis …
Chapter 12 Behavioral Momentum Theory: Understanding
degraded the B–C relation but enhanced the A–C relation within a stimulus context by introducing additional reinforcers either response independently (experiment 1) or dependently when …
The interaction between discriminative stimuli and outcomes …
come was the same food type as the discriminative stimulus in the congruent group but the other food type in the incongruent group. Both responses were rewarded with the same outcome in the
The Effect of a Multiple-Schedule Arrangement on Mands of a …
sufficient stimulus control over responding under the initial schedule values, which subsequently resulted in discriminated responding at the terminal values. To our knowledge, no research has …
Study Guide #1: Chapter 1 (pp - University of North Carolina …
cycle. Use the example given in the book (p. 48-49). Describe the effects of those contingencies on the behavior of each of the individuals. Explain what about the example makes it (a) sick, …
Relations between Verbal Self-Stimulation, Stimulus …
verbal discriminative stimulus (i.e., the cookie). Divergent control may be observed when a child, upon hearing the verbal discriminative stimulus of a parent saying cookie, is more likely to emit …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology 2 Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology the Mind Bayesian Cognitive Modeling The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral …
A Review of Prompt-Fading Procedures, Part II ... - ResearchGate
Jun 30, 2019 · 1 Department of Psychology, UMBC, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ... For example, if ... that an individual’s response is controlled by the natural discriminative stimulus. Cengher, Budd, …
Discriminative Validity - Aggression and Intergroup Relations …
We then consider the relation between discriminative trait validity and discriminative nomological validity. Next, we extend these notions to dis-criminative process validity and discriminative …
Four term contingency - BeyondAutism
The Four Term Contingency It's as easy as ABC Motivation (the desire for something or the desire to do something) A = Antecedent (something that occurs before the behaviour)
CONTINGENCY-SHAPED AND RULE-GOVERNED - ResearchGate
INSTRUCTIONAL CONTROL just as other discriminative stimuli are rein- forcing events. Thepresent research is an at- tempt to examine these predictions using a free-operant …
Classical vs. Operant Conditioning - California State University ...
attentive, this stimulus is an antecedent (or discriminative) stimulus (not a CS). This is an example of stimulus control in operant conditioning. In operant conditioning, the antecedent stimulus …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology 2 Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology F. Kendrick W. Edward Craighead American Psychological Association Steve M. Jex Hayne W. …
Operant Conditioning: A Discussion - JSTOR
stimuli is increased. Any stimulus present when an operant is reinforced acquires control in the sense that the probability of that response occurring is increased when it is present. Such a …
National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH
stimulus effects of a given dose of a particular training drug from those of (1) a different dose of the same training drug, (2) a different training drug, or, more commonly, (3) saline/vehicle (i.e., …
Stimulus Control and its Role in Errorless Learning
Discriminative Stimulus Control Discriminative Stimulus (SD): Behavior Generalized Conditioned Reinforcement Turning Around • Historically preceded availability • of “clicking” sound (GCR) • …
Effects of discriminative control and of emitting behavior
Conductual Discriminative control and behavior different on self-controlled behavior 33 Ref.: Conductual, 20 2 , 10 1 3 -48 ISSN: 2340 0242 Effects of discriminative control and of emitting …
Functional Assessment of Skills for Therapists: The FAST Manual
Oct 4, 2004 · Cues/Discriminative Stimulus Functions precede the Response Repertoire problem areas. Contextual Cues/Discriminative Stimulus Functions include Problems with Identification …
On the Role of Compound Stimuli in a Matching-to-Sample …
Jun 13, 2019 · discriminative stimulus, an organism must at-tend to the stimulus one way or another. Differ-ential reinforcement of behavior in the presence or absence of a particular …
Operant Psychology and the Study of Culture - JSTOR
Science, from the viewpoint of operant psychology, deals only with what can be observed and measured (Skinner 1938). The three basic terms in operant psychology are stimulus, response, …
Stimulus Control Therapy - Perelman School of Medicine at …
The dialogue below is intended to be an example of how one might intro-duce the concept of stimulus control. It represents one of many approaches. The value of this particular example is …
Stimulus Enhancement: Controls for Social Facilitation and …
The primary purpose of the present experiments was to isolate stimulus enhancement from local enhancement and social facilitation in rats using a discriminative lever pressing procedure. …
Evaluating procedures derived from the conditional …
Schreibman, 1979) and restricted stimulus control (Litrownik, McInnis, Wetzel-Pritchard, & Filipelli, 1978) have been used to characterize responses evoked by one stimulus or stimulus feature of …
Chapter 7 – Conditioning and Learning - Science of …
we reinforce a response to one stimulus but not to another, the animal will learn to respond to the first but not to the second. This is called discrimination training . A stimulus the lets an animal …
The Role of the Reflexive Conditioned Motivating Operation …
condition. In the case of the CMO-R specifically, the conditioned aversive stimulus is the onset of the very stimulus whose offset would function as a form of conditioned reinforcement. For …
Social Process Theories - SAGE Publications Inc
low behavior, discriminative stimuli are present beforethe behavior occurs. Discriminative stimuli are clues that signal whether a particular behavior is likely to be followed by reward or …
Defining Terms in BehaviorAnalysis: Reinforcer ... - ResearchGate
discriminative stimulus fromthebehaviorofnonhumansin the laboratory to humanbehav- ... Psychology, Western Michigan University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the …
STIMULUS CONTROL TREATMENT FOR INSOMNIA
Thus, stimuli associated with sleep become discriminative stimuli for the occurrence of reinforcement. Difficulty in falling asleep, then, may be due to inadequate stimulus control. …
WILL PIGEONS AVOID A CONTINGENT S-DELTA OPTION
Stimulus Control Pierce and Cheney (2013) defined stimulus control as a change in operant behavior that reliably follows the presence of a discriminative stimulus (SD) or an extinction …
Functional Assessment of Skills for Therapists: The FAST Manual
Oct 4, 2004 · Cues/Discriminative Stimulus Functions precede the Response Repertoire problem areas. Contextual Cues/Discriminative Stimulus Functions include Problems with Identification …
Verbal Stimulus Control and the Intraverbal Relation
discriminative stimuli (SDs). The primary distinction between the other verbal operants is in terms of the different types of stimulus control. Skinner (1957) first distinguishes between two general …
Behavioral variability is controlled by discriminative stimuli …
lus control ofvariation, stimulus control ofrepetition, or some combination ofthe two. The previous studies may have demonstrated discriminative stimulus control over reinforced repetition, with …
Case Studies in Clinical Psychological Science - Scott …
1. Clinical psychology—Case studies. 2. Psychotherapy—Case studies. I. O’Donohue, William T. II. Lilienfeld, Scott O., 1960– RC467.C367 2013 616.89—dc23 2012024765 ISBN …
Social Behavior as Discriminative Stimulus and Consequence …
Social Behavior as Discriminative Stimulus and Consequence in Social Anthropology Bernard Guerin University of Waikato A behavior analysis is provided for three topics in social …
National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH - GovInfo
Department of Psychology University of Uppsala Jerry Frankenheim, Ph.D. ... Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Hallucinogens and ... particular problem. Prior emphasis has been on, …
Graphics for Three-Term Contingencies - Europe PMC
where SO is a stimulus which elicits the where s * RO is some part of the uncon-irrelevant response RObutdoesnot(in the ditioned operantbehaviorofthe organism typicalcase)elicit R' …
