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| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Encyclopedia of School Psychology T. Stuart Watson, Christopher H. Skinner, 2012-12-06 - One volume-reference work with approximately 250 entries, organized alphabetically for ease of use and of locating subject matter. Each entry will contain 5-8 references as well as a bibliography of references and suggested readings - An authoritative reference text on school psychology that would appeal to, and be understood by, a broad audience. - Will assist individuals in acquiring a general understanding of some of the theories, practices, and language associated with the field of school psychology |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Behavior and Its Causes T.L. Smith, 2013-04-17 This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. While most philosophers and psychologists tend to believe that the rise of cognitive psychology has occurred concomitant with the decline of operant psychology, Terry L. Smith contends that nothing could be further from the truth. He maintains that operant psychology has discovered (and continues to discover) reasonably well-confirmed causal principles of intentional behavior, which go beyond what cognitive psychology can provide, while cognitive psychology, in tum, has the potential to supply analyses (and explanations) that account for them. Smith thus advances a surprising but nonetheless illuminating perspective for appreciating the place of operant conditioning within the discipline of psychology in this rich and fascinating work. J. H. F. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Theories in Educational Psychology Alyssa R. Gonzalez-DeHass, Patricia P. Willems, 2012-12-14 Theories in Educational Psychology’s purpose is to introduce readers to the pioneering educational psychology theories that continue to shape our understanding of the classroom learning environment, present support for the theories from perspectives in the current research literature, and share how these theoretical traditions have translated into effective teaching methods. Each chapter will be infused with practical teaching examples, classroom vignettes, and instructional strategies so readers are continually confronted with how theory translates to practice. In addition to becoming familiar with the conceptual understanding of core theoretical knowledge, readers will also be presented with current thinking about each theory and an introduction to important related topics at the close of each chapter. The chapters will also conclude with activities designed to help readers reflect on their learning of each chapter’s content. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: The Dictionary of Psychology Raymond J. Corsini, 1999 The most comprehensive up-to-date reference of its kind, user friendly with a clear and functional design. The Dictionary offers over 30,000 entries, (including interdisciplinary terms and slang), 125 illustrations and extensive cross-referencing. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Psychology of Learning and Motivation , 1981-01-12 Psychology of Learning and Motivation |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Contingencies of Reinforcement B. F. Skinner, 2014-07-01 B. F. Skinner titled this book, Contingencies of Reinforcement, after the heart of his science of behavior. Contingencies relate classes of actions to postcedent events and to the contexts in which those action-postcedent relations occur. The basic processes seem straightforward, but many people do not know or understand the underlying theory. Skinner believed that ‘a theory is essential to the scientific understanding of behavior as a subject matter”. This book presents some of Skinner’s most sophisticated statements about theoretical issues. To his original articles, he added notes to clarify and expand subtle points. The book thus provides an overview of Skinner’s thinking about theory and the philosophy underpinning the science he began. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology Ian Stolerman, 2010-07-31 Here is a broad overview of the central topics and issues in psychopharmacology, biological psychiatry and behavioral neurosciences, with information about developments in the field, including novel drugs and technologies. The more than 2000 entries are written by leading experts in pharmacology and psychiatry and comprise in-depth essays, illustrated with full-color figures, and are presented in a lucid style. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Adaptive Behavior and Learning J. E. R. Staddon, 2016-03-10 Summarizes the current state of both theoretical and experimental knowledge about learning in animals. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding Scott Lilienfeld, Steven Jay Lynn, Laura Namy, Nancy Woolf, Graham Jamieson, Anthony Marks, Virginia Slaughter, 2014-10-01 Psychology: from inquiry to understanding 2e continues its commitment to emphasise the importance of scientific-thinking skills. It teaches students how to test their assumptions, and motivates them to use scientific thinking skills to better understand the field of psychology in their everyday lives. With leading classic and contemporary research from both Australia and abroad and referencing DSM-5, students will understand the global nature of psychology in the context of Australia’s cultural landscape. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: George C. Homans A Javier Treviqo, Charles Tilly, 2015-11-17 George C. Homans: History, Theory, and Method offers original essays written by scholars from the fields of sociology, history, anthropology, and literature with the aim of assessing Homans's rich and diverse intellectual contributions. It is the first volume in over thirty years to offer a reappraisal of the life and work of one of the twentieth century's leading social scientists. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Behavior Analysis Julian C. Leslie, Mark F. O'Reilly, 2016-01-20 This psychology textbook offers a comprehensive examination of the basic principles of behavior analysis and their application to issues of social significance. Behavioral scientists are interested in elucidating the fundamental principles that govern the behavior of human and non-human animals. Behavior Analysis is designed to meet the needs of senior undergraduate courses and postgraduate training in behavior analysis and its applications. The eleven comprehensive chapters: ·consider how fundamental principles of behavior can be used in an applied setting to identify behavior to be changed, to select treatments which increase of decrease behavior, and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions; and ·give examples from various disciplines, including dietetics, education, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, as well as clinical, social, health and community psychology. In addition to covering core material essential for courses in psychology, this volume will also provide a useful account of behavioural psychology and its applied uses for students and professionals from a wide range of fields. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Psychology and Life Richard J Gerrig, Philip G Zimbardo, Andrew J Campbell, Steven R Cumming, Fiona J Wilkes, 2015-05-20 Bringing the science of psychology to life! The 2nd Australasian edition of Psychology and Life emphasises the science of psychology, with a special focus on applying that science to students’ everyday lives. As a result, the features of Psychology and Life support a central theme: psychology as a science, with a focus on applying that science to real life experiences. Australasian research, examples and statistics help make the theory even more relevant for today’s students. Psychology and Life 2e provides a rigorous, research-centred survey of the discipline while offering students special features and learning aids that will make the science of psychology relevant, spark their interest and excite their imaginations. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Introductory Psychology and the Human Condition Jeffrey C. Levy, 2024-09-17 Introductory Psychology and the Human Condition provides an engaging, cohesive, and practical treatment of traditional psychological principles and theories. The book uses Maslow’s human needs hierarchy and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development as organizational schemas for considering how cultures have evolved to address human needs. It relates major psychological processes including biology, perception, motivation, learning, and cognition to lifespan and personality development in nomadic hunter-gatherer and technologically enhanced cultures. Human history is described as a feedback loop in which inventions and technologies result in the need for individuals and cultures to adapt to changing environmental and social conditions. By applying interdisciplinary perspectives of the humanities, social and natural sciences, and helping professions to the human condition, it offers a meaningful lens through which to study and interpret core psychological concepts. Chapters are supported by self-understanding and self-control exercises that help students place their lives within a cultural and historical context and apply the principles of psychology to themselves. Offering an engaging overview of the essential elements of an introductory psychology course in an accessible and approachable style, Introductory Psychology and the Human Condition is core reading for introductory students and will appeal also to a general audience interested in psychology. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Behaviour Analysis and Contemporary Psychology C. F. Lowe, M. Richelle, D. E. Blackman, C. M. Bradshaw, 2022-11-01 Originally published in 1985, Behaviour Analysis and Contemporary Psychology presents chapters from the first European Meeting on the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour. The book is divided into six parts and provides a useful account of issues and work in behaviour analysis by both European and North American contributors at the time. The first part provides an introduction, with following parts looking at behaviourist and ethological approaches; determinants of human operant behaviour; fundamental research and behaviour modification; recent developments in the behavioural analysis of drug effects; ending with an overview of contemporary behaviourism. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Consumer Psychology in Behavioral Perspective Gordon Foxall, 2004-12 This is a reprint of a formerly published book. It deals with the psychology and behavior that motivates people to make the purchase and consumer choices that they do.The book makes a major new contribution to our understanding of consumer decision-making. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Health Psychology Feuerstein Michael, Elise E. Labbé, Andrzej R. Kuczmierczyk, 1986-02-28 Although it has been assumed since early recorded history that psycho logical factors influence health and illness, it has only been within the past few years that a group of investigators and clinicians with a shared interest in the application of psychological principles and techniques to health and illness has existed. Over this same period of time, a number of multi-author books on the topic of health psychology and an associ ated field, behavioral medicine, have been published. Although these books are major resources for the investigator and the clinician in the field, it is often difficult for students, both undergraduate and graduate, to learn the basics of health psychology from such books. Thus, Health Psychology: A Psychobiological Perspective was written to provide such basics. The need for such a textbook in health psychology became appar ent to the first author when he was searching for reading material for an undergraduate course in health psychology at McGill University. This book grew out of the course in health psychology, and its structure represents the course content. The purpose of the book is to present the theoretical, empirical, and clinical aspects of the rapidly developing field of health psychology. Data from a number of subdisciplines within psychology and the behav ioral and health-related sciences are integrated throughout each chapter in an effort to provide a balanced perspective. Health Psychology explores the development of the field and its research methodologies, theoretical models, and intervention possibilities. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Stimulus Class Formation in Humans and Animals T.R. Zentall, P.M. Smeets, 1996-10-24 Stimulus class formation has been studied independently by two groups of researchers. One group has come out of a learning theory approach, while the second has developed out of a behavior analytic tradition. The purpose of the present volume is to further establish the ties between these two research areas while allowing for differences in approach to the questions asked. The book is loosely organized around four themes. The first two sections deal with what constitutes functional and equivalence classes in animals and humans. In the third section, the authors attempt to identify stimulus control variables that contribute to the formation of equivalences classes. The last section deals with the complex issue of the role of verbal behavior in equivalence classes. The goal of the book is to provide the reader with a better understanding of the current state of research and theory in stimulus class formation. It is also hoped that it will stimulate research into how and under what conditions, stimulus classes can form. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Psychology Alan Poling, Henry Schlinger, Stephen Starin, Elbert Blakely, 2013-03-09 Psychology: A Behavioral Overview is an introductory text with an orienting per spective that is frankly behavioral rather than eclectic. This focus is made quite clear in the first chapter of the book, but in the remainder it also becomes clear that such a focus permits coverage of most of the topics found in the more common introductory text. Actually, the next five chapters (dealing with psy chology as a scienc~, methodology, evolution, physiology, and learning) are in many ways comparable to the treatments provided in more eclectic introductory texts. The behavioral focus and the departure from traditional approaches be come most significant in the last six chapters which deal with traditional psycho logical topics (e. g. , language, child development, and personality)-but deal with them systematically in terms of the concepts and principles introduced in the chapters on evolution and physiology, and especially in the chapter on learning. Using the concepts provided early in the text to interpret complex aspects of human behavior provides valuable justification for those concepts, as well as an opportunity for improved understanding of them. Although students will not make extensive contact with the variety of the oretical approaches found in the typical text, they will become especially compe tent in the use of behavioral concepts and principles to interpret and understand many of the topics of traditional importance in psychology. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: The Psychology of Environmental Problems Deborah Du Nann Winter, Susan M. Koger, Deborah Dunann Winter, 2014-04-04 A revision of Winter's Ecological Psychology (1996), this book applies psychological theory and research to environmental problems. After outlining current environmental difficulties, the authors demonstrate how 6 major approaches in psychology (social psychological, psychoanalytic, behavioral, physiological, cognitive, and holistic) can be applied to environmental problems. The authors demonstrate why it is critical to address environmental threats now, and offer ideas on how psychological principles can contribute to building a sustainable culture. Personal examples engage the reader and provide suggestions for changing behavior and political structures. Reorganized and updated throughout, the second edition features a new chapter on neuropsychological and health issues and a list of key concepts in each chapter. Cartoons and humorous analogies add a light touch to the book's serious message. Written for psychology and environmental studies students, the book is an excellent teaching tool in courses on environmental, conservation, or ecological issues, found in departments of psychology, sociology, environmental science, and biology. It will also appeal to anyone interested in psychology's potential contributions to mounting ecological difficulties. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: The Psychology of Private Events Alfred Jacobs, Lewis B. Sachs, 2013-09-11 The Psychology of Private Events: Perspectives on Covert Response Systems provides evidence that the assessment and manipulation of private events such as thoughts, feelings, and images facilitates the prediction and control of human behavior. The individual contributions represent a variety of approaches to theorizing and research into private events, and to the clinical applications or potential applications which have been generated by such study. The authors have addressed themselves in creative and ingenious ways to such diverse topics as creating resistance to temptation; developing feelings of attraction to appropriate sex objects; training people to experience less pain; and having mental hospital patients practice being happier. This book will be of primary interest to students and teachers of psychology, particularly those interested in behaviorally oriented clinical research and practice. Other professionals and teachers in the social sciences may also find it useful to become aware of the newer trends in psychology. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: The First Century of Experimental Psychology Eliot Hearst, 2019-11-28 This volume, originally published in 1979, sponsored by the Psychonomic Society (the North American association of research psychologists), commemorates the centennial of experimental psychology as a separate discipline – dated from the opening of Wilhelm Wundt’s laboratory at Leipzig in 1879. Each major research area is surveyed by distinguished experts, and the chapters treat historical background and progress, experimental findings and methods, critical theoretical issues, evaluations of the current state of the art, future prospects, and even practical and social relevance of the work. Writing in a lively style suitable for non-specialists, the authors provide a general introduction to the history of experimental psychology. Illustrated by many photographs of leading historical figures, this book blends history with methodology, findings with theory, and discussion of specific topics with integrated assessments of what has truly been accomplished in the first hundred years of experimental psychology. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Psychology A. Christine Parham, 1988 |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: A Work in Progress Ron Leaf, John McEachin, 1999 Guide to Educate Children Diagnosed with Autism Through Applied Behavior Analysis |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Verbal Behavior B. F. Skinner, 2014-05-26 In 1934, at the age of 30, B. F. Skinner found himself at a dinner sitting next to Professor Alfred North Whitehead. Never one to lose an opportunity to promote behaviorism, Skinner expounded its main tenets to the distinguished philosopher. Whitehead acknowledged that science might account for most of human behavior but he would not include verbal behavior. He ended the discussion with a challenge: Let me see you, he said, account for my behavior as I sit here saying, 'No black scorpion is falling upon this table.' The next morning Skinner began this book. It took him over twenty years to complete. This book extends the laboratory-based principles of selection by consequences to account for what people say, write, gesture, and think. Skinner argues that verbal behavior requires a separate analysis because it does not operate on the environment directly, but rather through the behavior of other people in a verbal community. He illustrates his thesis with examples from literature, the arts, and sciences, as well as from his own verbal behavior and that of his colleagues and children. Perhaps it is because this theoretical work provides a way to approach that most human of human behavior that Skinner ofter called Verbal Behavior his most important work. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Behavior Analysis and Learning W. David Pierce, Carl D. Cheney, 2013-04-15 Behavior Analysis and Learning, Fourth Edition is an essential textbook covering the basic principles in the field of behavior analysis and learned behaviors, as pioneered by B. F. Skinner. The textbook provides an advanced introduction to operant conditioning from a very consistent Skinnerian perspective. It covers a range of principles from basic respondent conditioning through applied behavior analysis into cultural design. Elaborating on Darwinian components and biological connections with behavior, the book treats the topic from a consistent worldview of selectionism. The functional relations between the organism and the environment are described, and their application in accounting for old behavior and generating new behavior is illustrated. Expanding on concepts of past editions, the fourth edition provides updated coverage of recent literature and the latest findings. There is increased inclusion of biological and neuroscience material, as well as more data correlating behavior with neurological and genetic factors. The material presented in this book provides the reader with the best available foundation in behavior science and is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology or other behavior-based disciplines. In addition, a website of supplemental resources for instructors and students makes this new edition even more accessible and student-friendly. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Psychology Library Editions: History of Psychology Various, 2021-08-19 Originally published between 1928 and 1987, the volumes in this set provide an interesting look back at how psychology has developed as a discipline and some of the problems it has encountered along the way. It includes volumes focusing on the history of specific fields such as developmental and experimental psychology, as well as examining the roots of psychological theory as a whole and how it has informed many of the fields of psychology we know today. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Clinical Psychology Wolfgang Linden, Paul L. Hewitt, 2015-10-14 Introduces students to Clinical Psychology by portraying the field as a health profession that uses cognition, emotion, and somatic principles to help understand, assess, and modify health showcasing the field in its reality. Unique features of the text include: A fresh approach to learning, with an emphasis on problem solving A presentation of clinical psychology as an integrative health care profession and not just a mental health care field Inclusion of social and biological bases of behavior Material pertaining to the realities of being a clinical psychologist |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Dictionary of Psychology Mike Cardwell, 2014-01-27 Psychology as a subject is notorious for its often confusing use of language, particularly as many words that have one meaning in common everyday language have quite a different meaning when used as specialist terms in psychology. Dictionary of Psychology is an A-Z guide to key terms in the subject. Each entry begins with a clear, one-sentence definition and is followed by explanation and examples. Entries are developed in line with the relative importance of the topic covered. For many of the more central topic areas, further commentary is included to assist the reader in acquiring a critical understanding of the topic in question. Entries are carefully cross-referenced, and the format makes the Dictionary of Psychology very easy to use. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Schedules of Reinforcement B. F. Skinner, C. B. Ferster, 2015-05-20 The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Context and Learning P. Balsam, A. Tomie, 2014-01-14 First published in 1984. The effects of contextual stimuli on the performance of conditioned behaviors have recently become the object of intense theoretical and empirical scrutiny. This book presents the work of researchers who have attempted to characterize the role of context in learning through direct experimental manipulation of these stimuli. Their work reveals that context has important and systematic effects upon the learning and performance of conditioned responses. The roles played by context are diverse and the problems confronted in attempting to evaluate and differentiate contextual functions are formidable. These considerations are discussed in the introductory chapter. The remaining chapters present an analysis of the role of context in Pavlovian, operant, and discrimination learning paradigms. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Psychology William Buskist, David W. Gerbing, 1990 |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: The Science of Learning Joseph J. Pear, 2016-03-02 For over a century and a quarter, the science of learning has expanded at an increasing rate and has achieved the status of a mature science. It has developed powerful methodologies and applications. The rise of this science has been so swift that other learning texts often overlook the fact that, like other mature sciences, the science of learning has developed a large body of knowledge. The Science of Learning comprehensively covers this knowledge in a readable and highly systematic manner. Methodology and application are discussed when relevant; however, these aspects are better appreciated after the reader has a firm grasp of the scientific knowledge of learning processes. Accordingly, the book begins with the most fundamental and well-established principles of the science and builds on the preceding material toward greater complexity. The connections of the material with other sciences, especially its sister science, biology, are referenced throughout. Through these frequent references to biology and evolution, the book keeps in the forefront the recognition that the principles of learning apply to all animals. Thus, in the final section the book brings together all learning principles studied in research settings by demonstrating their relevance to both animals and humans in their natural settings. For animals this is the untamed environment of their niches; for humans it is any social environment, for Homo sapiens is the social and learning animal par excellence. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Theories of Human Learning Guy R. Lefrançois, 2019-10-24 Mrs Gribbin invites you to join her as she explores the changing landscape of learning theories and their implications. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Dictionary of Key Words in Psychology Frank Joe Bruno, 1986 Selected current words or terms that are often used in professional and popular literature and conversation. Entries give definition, example, and connection, i.e., meaning of term or phrase in a larger context. Also contains biographic sketch of major personalities. Bibliography. Topical, name, subject indexes. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience Jerry J. Buccafusco, 2000-08-29 Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: The Psychology of Learning Jan De Houwer, Sean Hughes, 2020-09-01 An introduction to the psychology of learning that summarizes and integrates findings from both functional psychology and cognitive psychology.learning. Learning unites all living creatures, from simple microbes to complex human beings. But what is learning? And how does it work? For over a century, psychologists have considered such questions. Behavior analysts examined the ways in which the environment shapes behavior, whereas cognitive scientists have sought to understand the mental processes that enable us to learn. This book offers an introduction to the psychology of learning that draws on the key findings and major insights from both functional (behavior analysis) and cognitive approaches. After an introductory overview, the book reviews research showing how seemingly simple regularities in the environment lead to powerful changes in behavior, from habituation and classical conditioning to operant conditioning effects. It introduces the concept of complex learning and considers the idea that for verbal human beings even seemingly simple types of learning might qualify as instances of complex learning. Finally, it offers many examples of how psychological research on learning is being used to promote human well-being and alleviate such societal problems as climate change. Throughout the book, boxed text extends the discussion of selected topics and “think it through” questions help readers gain deeper understanding of what they have read. The book can be used as an introductory textbook on the psychology of learning for both undergraduate and postgraduate students or as a reference for researchers who study behavior and thinking. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: A History of Psychology Thomas Hardy Leahey, 2017-10-02 A History of Psychology places social, economic, and political forces of change alongside psychology’s internal theoretical and empirical arguments, illuminating how the external world has shaped psychology’s development, and, in turn, how the late twentieth century’s psychology has shaped society. Featuring extended treatment of important movements such as the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, the textbook approaches the material from an integrative rather than wholly linear perspective. The text carefully examines how issues in psychology reflect and affect concepts that lie outside the field of psychology’s technical concerns as a science and profession. This new edition features expanded attention on psychoanalysis after its founding as well as new developments in cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and behavioral economics. Throughout, the book strengthens its exploration of psychological ideas and the cultures in which they developed and reinforces the connections between psychology, modernism, and postmodernism. The textbook covers scientific, applied, and professional psychology, and is appropriate for higher-level undergraduate and graduate students. |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: Readings in Mathematical Psychology Robert Duncan Luce, 1963 |
| discriminative stimulus psychology definition: 21st Century Psychology: A Reference Handbook Stephen F. Davis, William Buskist, 2008 Highlights the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates in the field of psychology. Provides material of interest for students from all corners of psychological studies, whether their interests be in the biological, cognitive, developmental, social, or clinical arenas. |
DISCRIMINATIVE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DISCRIMINATIVE is making distinctions.
DISCRIMINATIVE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DISCRIMINATIVE definition: 1. able to see, hear, or recognize small differences between things : 2. treating a person or…. Learn more.
DISCRIMINATIVE Synonyms: 28 Similar and Opposite Words
Synonyms for DISCRIMINATIVE: discriminatory, unfair, discriminating, unjust, differential, unequal, discriminational, selective; Antonyms of DISCRIMINATIVE: nondiscriminatory, equal, …
DISCRIMINATIVE definition and meaning | Collins English …
DISCRIMINATIVE definition: making fine distinctions ; discerning | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples
Discriminative - definition of discriminative by ... - The Free …
Define discriminative. discriminative synonyms, discriminative pronunciation, discriminative translation, English dictionary definition of discriminative. adj. 1. Drawing distinctions. 2. …
Discriminative - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘discriminative'. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the …
DISCRIMINATIVE Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
constituting a particular quality, trait, or difference; characteristic; notable. making distinctions; discriminating. discriminating. discriminatory ( def 1 ). Examples have not been reviewed.
discriminative, adj. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford …
There are five meanings listed in OED's entry for the adjective discriminative. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
discriminative - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
discriminative (comparative more discriminative, superlative most discriminative) Having or relating to the ability to discriminate between things. (of an element, feature, attribute, etc.) …
150 Synonyms & Antonyms for DISCRIMINATIVE - Thesaurus.com
Find 150 different ways to say DISCRIMINATIVE, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
On Choice, Preference, and Preference for Choice - APA PsycNet
stimulus was sufficiently discriminative for responding. Let's therefore d efine choice as the presence of two or more salient discriminative stimuli, at least one of which is a relatively …
The Import of Skinner's Three-Term Contingency - JSTOR
laws that, given the stimulus, psychology can predict what the response will be. . . given the response, it can specify the nature of the effective stimulus" (Watson, 1924, p. 10); "[The …
Stimulus Control Research and Practice: Considerations of …
stimulus control. The purpose of the present article is to provide an overview of stimulus control and discrimination training as they relate to the disparity and salience of stimuli. An overview and …
Functional Assessment of Skills for Therapists: The FAST Manual
Oct 4, 2004 · Cues/Discriminative Stimulus Functions precede the Response Repertoire problem areas. Contextual Cues/Discriminative Stimulus Functions include Problems with Identification or …
Teaching Visual Conditional Discriminations Using Errorless …
Dec 4, 2020 · stimulus control requirements of the target discrimination. Simple discrimination can be described by a three-term contingency in which a discriminative stimulus signals the …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
located within the musical pages of Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology, a captivating work of literary elegance that impulses with organic emotions, lies an unique trip waiting to be …
Understanding Behaviorism: Behavior, Culture, and Evolution
Stimulus Control 97 Discriminative Stimuli 98 Extended Sequences and Discriminative Stimuli 100 Discrimination 101 Knowledge 102 Procedural Knowledge: Knowing How 103 Declarative …
Motivating Operations and Stimulus Control - Wiley Online …
stimulus conditions. Skinner (1938) was well aware of the important role of contextual stim-uli in determining the probability of a response. In his discussion of the later-abandoned concept of …
B. E Skinner's Legacy to Human Infant Behavior and …
functions of a stimulus of primary interest in operant learning are, first, to set the occasion for a response (i.e., as a discriminative stimulus) and, second, to be a con-sequence fora response …
Positive Punishment - touchstoneaba.com
discriminative stimulus (SDp) is followed closely in time by a stimulus change (SP) and results in a decreased frequency of similar responses in the future when the SDpis present. A discriminated …
WILL PIGEONS AVOID A CONTINGENT S-DELTA OPTION
Stimulus Control Pierce and Cheney (2013) defined stimulus control as a change in operant behavior that reliably follows the presence of a discriminative stimulus (SD) or an extinction …
Three Laws of Behavior: Allocation, Induction, and Covariance
Jun 18, 2018 · valid measure of behavior and (b) stimulus con-trol. With these two new concepts, Skinner left S-R bonds behind. Instead, he thought of re-sponse rate as an indicator of response …
The Generalization of Mands - Springer
Skinner’s definition by recognizing the control of the motivating operation (MO) over specific response forms2 (words spoken, signed, written, and so on3). The MO encompasses all variables …
RBT EXAM STUDY STARTER KIT - Hopebridge
reinforced in the presence of one stimulus and extinguished in the presence of another stimulus. Assists with learning how to respond in different environments or different conditions. Allows the …
ESTABLISHING THE DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS …
Antipsychotic medications are used to treat schizophrenia. The present study used the drug discrimination paradigm to measure the subjective effects of the atypical antipsychotic
Running head: MOTIVATING OPERATIONS AND STIMULUS …
Running head: MOTIVATING OPERATIONS AND STIMULUS CONTROL 1 Motivating Operations and Stimulus Control Timothy L. Edwards1, Amin D. Lotfizadeh2, and Alan Poling3 1University of …
Stimulus Control and its Role in Errorless Learning
Discriminative Stimulus Control Discriminative Stimulus (SD): Behavior Generalized Conditioned Reinforcement Turning Around • Historically preceded availability • of “clicking” sound (GCR) • …
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identical to that of stimulus control, excluding departure from the bedroom when awake and temporal instructions (like nap-ping restrictions or a consistent time of morning arousal). To …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology D Keegan Chapter 13 Motivating Operations - Springer WEBa discriminative stimulus (e.g., McDonald’s golden arches). Or does this stimulus …
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Abstract The purpose of this quantitative study was to contribute to the literature for prompting interventions in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA).
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Oct 4, 2004 · Cues/Discriminative Stimulus Functions precede the Response Repertoire problem areas. Contextual Cues/Discriminative Stimulus Functions include Problems with Identification or …
A DISCRIMINATION TRAINING PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH …
established as a discriminative stimulus (SD) by reinforcing a specific response in its presence. Next, the new SD is tested as a conditioned reinforcer by delivering it contingent upon a …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology 2 Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology 21st Century Psychology: A Reference …
Chapter 16 Stimulus and Response Prompts - Springer
stimulus fading, a noncritical dimension of the stimulus is altered such as size, inten - sity, color, or position. To transfer stimulus control from the altered stimulus to the criterion stimulus, thus …
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(discriminative stimulus, S. d) brightly to the pigeon for extend - ed periods of time (3 minutes) and presented the incorrect color (S. ∆) dimly for only a brief period of time (5 seconds). This method …
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as discriminative stimuli. This conclusion is problematic, however, as other authors have already recognized (Parrot, 1987; Schlinger, 1990; 1993; Zettle & Hayes, 1982). Schlinger utilizes the …
Reaction time signatures of discriminative processes: …
discriminative processes: Differential effects of stimulus similarity and incentive DONALD S. BLOUGH Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island In three experiments with pigeons, the …
Chapter 22 High-P Instructional Sequence - Springer
discriminative stimulus increases resistance to behavior disruptions such as punish - ment or extinction (Nevin & Grace, 2000; Nevin & Shahan, 2011). An additional theory is that the high-p …
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Discriminative Stimulus (SD) • Signals availability of reinforcement Punishment • Decreases future probability of behavior Prompts • Procedural use of discriminative stimuli Extinction • …
Appetitive conditioning A type of conditioning in which the ...
Discriminative control A control procedure for Pavlovian conditioning in which one conditioned stimulus (the CS+) is paired with the unconditioned stimulus, whereas another conditioned …
The Application ofEstablishing Operations
stimulus. Forexample,ifachildengages inaggressionwhen"whatisthat?"ispre-sented, it may be useful to change the stimulus to something different (e.g., "This is a.. .") whilecarefully ensuring …
Chapter 13 Motivating Operations - Springer
a discriminative stimulus (e.g., McDonald’s golden arches). Or does this stimulus tell us that a reinforcer is effective in this moment? If so, this stimulus is a motivat-ing operation (e.g., …
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1. Without peeking, be able to state the definition of the reinforcement contingency as given on pps. 14-15. Have your interteach partner check to be sure you can state the definition exactly and …
Stimulus Control - touchstoneaba.com
•Discriminative Stimulus(SD) –A discriminative stimulus is "a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced".(Malott, 2007, p. 202) •Stimulus Delta (SΔ) Definition –The …
Burrhus Frederic Skinner: 1904-1990 - JSTOR
psychology by reading Bertrand Russell and H. G. Wells, among others, and entered graduate studies at Harvard University in 1928. He received his ... rate of response in the continuing …
GOALS FOR THIS PRESENTATION - Pennsylvania State …
Discriminative Stimulus Response Reinforcement Punishment Extinction . 7/28/2015 3 NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR ... trained to do so See Palmer (2008) for more in-depth discussion on Skinner’s …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
Reviewing Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology: Unlocking the Spellbinding Force of Linguistics. 2 In a fast-paced world fueled by information and interconnectivity, the spellbinding …
CHAPTER 2 THEORIES OF SCHOOL DISCIPLINE - University …
Skinner also introduced the concept of a discriminative stimulus. This is a stimulus that can serve as signal or cue in operant conditioning. Rather than having to wait for the operant response to be …
Psychology 100 Instructions for Sniffy the Virtual Rat …
Psychology 100 Instructions for Sniffy the Virtual Rat Operant Conditioning Lab In this lab, you will be shaping the behavior of Sniffy the Virtual Rat and teaching him to press a bar in a Skinner Box …
Motivating Operations and Reinforcers - Pennsylvania State …
A stimulus change that increases/maintains the probability of some dimension of the response class and/or increases/maintains the future probability of the response in similar situations. On-Terms: …
Instrumental Conditioning - Springer
Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Synonyms Operant conditioning Definition Instrumental conditioning occurs when a response is acquired and …
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Indiana University, where he became the chair of the Psychology Department. A few years later, in 1947, he was asked to deliver a lecture at Harvard University resulting in his stay as the Edgar …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
The Generality of a Discriminative Stimulus Rita M. Yenikomshian,American University of Beirut. Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Department of Psychology,1962 Stimulus and Response John A. …
The Myth of Self-Reinforcement1 - JSTOR
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Functional Assessment of Behavior - California State …
Functional Assessment of Behavior Key Terms and Definitions Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NCSP 3 Classical Conditioning and Student Behavior Help us to understand how students learn a limited …
Blocking of Stimulus Control and Conditioned Reinforcement
repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, both ele-ments will usually demonstrate stimulus control when tested separately. However, if only one of the elements (A) is paired with the …
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology
Discriminative Stimulus Definition Psychology M Mark Discovering Psychology Don H. Hockenbury,Sandra E. Hockenbury,2010-01-27 A multimedia-enhanced eBook integrates the …
Three-term contingencies: toward broader significance. Harry …
Dec 3, 2020 · procedures thus establish stimulus control of the occurrence of three-term contingencies. The upper left part of Figure 1 provides an illustration. The sample A1, actually the …
Psych 1 Chapter-5 Review Quiz - Los Angeles Mission College
3. The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____. a. stimulus generalization b. stimulus adaptation c. response generalization d. transfer of …
