Advertisement
| distance between points calculus: Time Structures Elzbieta Hajnicz, 1996-03-20 The notion of time plays an important role in modern science. In computer science and artificial intelligence, the parameter of time is of particular importance, e.g. for planning robot activity, natural language processing, and time-varying scene analysis. This work investigates the relationship between classic, first-order theories of point- and interval-based time structures, modal logics of corresponding structures, and their algorithmic representations. To make this relationship complete, a formalisation of Allen's famous algorithm, applicable to various structures of time, is presented along with its translation to modal logics. All in all, the book is a competent and comprehensive analysis of logical descriptions and algorithmic representations of time structures. |
| distance between points calculus: Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Donald Allan McQuarrie, 2003 Intended for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in chemistry, physics, math and engineering, this book will also become a must-have for the personal library of all advanced students in the physical sciences. Comprised of more than 2000 problems and 700 worked examples that detail every single step, this text is exceptionally well adapted for self study as well as for course use.--From publisher description. |
| distance between points calculus: Mathematics for Physicists Philippe Dennery, André Krzywicki, 2012-06-11 Superb text provides math needed to understand today's more advanced topics in physics and engineering. Theory of functions of a complex variable, linear vector spaces, much more. Problems. 1967 edition. |
| distance between points calculus: Vector and Tensor Analysis with Applications A. I. Borisenko, I. E. Tarapov, 2012-08-28 Concise, readable text ranges from definition of vectors and discussion of algebraic operations on vectors to the concept of tensor and algebraic operations on tensors. Worked-out problems and solutions. 1968 edition. |
| distance between points calculus: Active Calculus 2018 Matthew Boelkins, 2018-08-13 Active Calculus - single variable is a free, open-source calculus text that is designed to support an active learning approach in the standard first two semesters of calculus, including approximately 200 activities and 500 exercises. In the HTML version, more than 250 of the exercises are available as interactive WeBWorK exercises; students will love that the online version even looks great on a smart phone. Each section of Active Calculus has at least 4 in-class activities to engage students in active learning. Normally, each section has a brief introduction together with a preview activity, followed by a mix of exposition and several more activities. Each section concludes with a short summary and exercises; the non-WeBWorK exercises are typically involved and challenging. More information on the goals and structure of the text can be found in the preface. |
| distance between points calculus: Modern Mathematics for the Engineer: First Series Edwin F. Beckenbach, Royal Weller, 2013-01-01 This volume and its successor were conceived to advance the level of mathematical sophistication in the engineering community, focusing on material relevant to solving the kinds of problems regularly confronted. Volume One's three-part treatment covers mathematical models, probabilistic problems, and computational considerations. Contributors include Solomon Lefschetz, Richard Courant, and Norbert Wiener. 1956 edition. |
| distance between points calculus: Classical Mechanics Christopher W. Kulp, Vasilis Pagonis, 2020-11-16 Classical Mechanics: A Computational Approach with Examples using Python and Mathematica provides a unique, contemporary introduction to classical mechanics, with a focus on computational methods. In addition to providing clear and thorough coverage of key topics, this textbook includes integrated instructions and treatments of computation. Full of pedagogy, it contains both analytical and computational example problems within the body of each chapter. The example problems teach readers both analytical methods and how to use computer algebra systems and computer programming to solve problems in classical mechanics. End-of-chapter problems allow students to hone their skills in problem solving with and without the use of a computer. The methods presented in this book can then be used by students when solving problems in other fields both within and outside of physics. It is an ideal textbook for undergraduate students in physics, mathematics, and engineering studying classical mechanics. Features: Gives readers the big picture of classical mechanics and the importance of computation in the solution of problems in physics Numerous example problems using both analytical and computational methods, as well as explanations as to how and why specific techniques were used Online resources containing specific example codes to help students learn computational methods and write their own algorithms A solutions manual is available via the Routledge Instructor Hub and extra code is available via the Support Material tab |
| distance between points calculus: Behaviour Monitoring and Interpretation - BMI Björn Gottfried, Hamid K. Aghajan, 2009 Focuses on behaviour monitoring and interpretation with regard to two main areas of focus: investigation of motion patterns and ambient assisted living. This book presents contributions on research in both these areas. It includes chapters discussing developments in monitoring and representing behaviours, with a focus on movement-based behaviour. |
| distance between points calculus: Intermediate Dynamics Patrick Hamill, 2022-04-21 A comprehensive but accessible advanced undergraduate treatment of classical mechanics, adaptable to a one or two-semester course. |
| distance between points calculus: Philosophical Magazine , 1824 |
| distance between points calculus: A Guided Tour of Mathematical Methods for the Physical Sciences Roel Snieder, Kasper van Wijk, 2015-03-16 This completely revised edition provides a tour of the mathematical knowledge and techniques needed by students across the physical sciences. There are new chapters on probability and statistics and on inverse problems. It serves as a stand-alone text or as a source of exercises and examples to complement other textbooks. |
| distance between points calculus: Agents and Artificial Intelligence Joaquim Filipe, Ana Fred, 2013-04-10 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, ICAART 2012, held in Vilamoura, Portugal, in February 2012. The 28 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 292 submissions. The papers are organized in two topical sections on artificial intelligence and on agents. |
| distance between points calculus: Encyclopaedia of Pure Mathematics , 1847 |
| distance between points calculus: Mathematical Method in Physics Darterrius Sims, 2018-08-12 Mathematical Physics is a significant discipline, concerned with the interface of mathematics and physics. There are several distinct branches of Mathematical Physics and these roughly corresponded to particular historical periods. Mathematics and physics have interacted fruitfully for centuries. Physics has been a constant source of interesting mathematical problems, and these problems have often required new mathematics for their solution. Conversely, advances in mathematics have found surprising and impressive applications in physics. Mathematics may be considered as a logical relationship language developed upon the concept / definition of one. From this one, we can logically define two, three, etc. which we call numbers. Hence a number is some relationship to one. Once we have whole numbers then we can define add, subtract, multiply and divide. Fractions, squares, cubes, etc, all became possible, as more and more complexly defined relationships between numbers evolved. Ordinary differential equations are equations to be solved in which the unknown element is a function, rather than a number, and in which the known information relates that function to its derivatives. Few such equations admit an explicit answer, but there is a wealth of qualitative information describing the solutions and their dependence on the defining equation. There are many important classes of differential equations for which detailed information is available. Fourier series are used extensively in engineering, especially for processing images and other signals. Finding the coefficients of a Fourier series is the same as doing a spectral analysis of a function. The Fourier series is a mathematical tool used for analyzing an arbitrary periodic function by decomposing it into a weighted sum of much simpler sinusoidal component functions sometimes referred to as normal Fourier modes, or simply modes for short. This book is intended partly to serve as a textbook cum reference for the course Engineering Physics taught at the undergraduate level in engineering colleges all over the country. The other purpose of the book is to serve as a reference book for research workers in theoretical physics and signal processing. |
| distance between points calculus: Mechanics of Structures Walter Wunderlich, Walter D. Pilkey, 2002-12-26 Resoundingly popular in its first edition, the second edition of Mechanics of Structures: Variational and Computational Methods promises to be even more so, with broader coverage, expanded discussions, and a streamlined presentation. The authors begin by describing the behavior of deformable solids through the differential equations for the |
| distance between points calculus: A Student's Guide to Lagrangians and Hamiltonians Patrick Hamill, 2014 A concise treatment of variational techniques, focussing on Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems, ideal for physics, engineering and mathematics students. |
| distance between points calculus: Advanced Mathematics Stanley J. Farlow, 2019-09-19 Provides a smooth and pleasant transition from first-year calculus to upper-level mathematics courses in real analysis, abstract algebra and number theory Most universities require students majoring in mathematics to take a “transition to higher math” course that introduces mathematical proofs and more rigorous thinking. Such courses help students be prepared for higher-level mathematics course from their onset. Advanced Mathematics: A Transitional Reference provides a “crash course” in beginning pure mathematics, offering instruction on a blendof inductive and deductive reasoning. By avoiding outdated methods and countless pages of theorems and proofs, this innovative textbook prompts students to think about the ideas presented in an enjoyable, constructive setting. Clear and concise chapters cover all the essential topics students need to transition from the rote-orientated courses of calculus to the more rigorous proof-orientated” advanced mathematics courses. Topics include sentential and predicate calculus, mathematical induction, sets and counting, complex numbers, point-set topology, and symmetries, abstract groups, rings, and fields. Each section contains numerous problems for students of various interests and abilities. Ideally suited for a one-semester course, this book: Introduces students to mathematical proofs and rigorous thinking Provides thoroughly class-tested material from the authors own course in transitioning to higher math Strengthens the mathematical thought process of the reader Includes informative sidebars, historical notes, and plentiful graphics Offers a companion website to access a supplemental solutions manual for instructors Advanced Mathematics: A Transitional Reference is a valuable guide for undergraduate students who have taken courses in calculus, differential equations, or linear algebra, but may not be prepared for the more advanced courses of real analysis, abstract algebra, and number theory that await them. This text is also useful for scientists, engineers, and others seeking to refresh their skills in advanced math. |
| distance between points calculus: Continuum Mechanics I-Shih Liu, 2013-04-17 This concise textbook develops step by step the fundamental principles of continuum mechanics. Emphasis is on mathematical clarity, and an extended appendix provides the required background knowledge in linear algebra and tensor calculus. After introducing the basic notions about general kinematics, balance equations, material objectivity and constitutive functions, the book turns to the presentation of rational thermodynamics by stressing the role of Lagrange multipliers in deriving constitutive funcitions from the underlying entropy principle. A brief lecture on extended thermodynamics closes the book. Many examples and exercises round off the material presendted in the chapters. The book addresses primarily advanced undergraduate students in theoretical physics, applied mathematics and materials sciences. |
| distance between points calculus: Smart Sensing and Context Gerd Kortuem, Joe Finney, Rodger Lea, Vasughi Sundramoorthy, 2007-10-05 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second European Conference on Smart Sensing and Context, EuroSSC 2007, held in Kendal, England, October 2007. The 16 revised full papers and one invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from over 51 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on spatial and motion context, human behavior as context, context frameworks and platforms and sensing technologies and case studies. |
| distance between points calculus: Topology and Condensed Matter Physics Somendra Mohan Bhattacharjee, Mahan Mj, Abhijit Bandyopadhyay, 2017-12-20 This book introduces aspects of topology and applications to problems in condensed matter physics. Basic topics in mathematics have been introduced in a form accessible to physicists, and the use of topology in quantum, statistical and solid state physics has been developed with an emphasis on pedagogy. The aim is to bridge the language barrier between physics and mathematics, as well as the different specializations in physics. Pitched at the level of a graduate student of physics, this book does not assume any additional knowledge of mathematics or physics. It is therefore suited for advanced postgraduate students as well. A collection of selected problems will help the reader learn the topics on one's own, and the broad range of topics covered will make the text a valuable resource for practising researchers in the field. The book consists of two parts: one corresponds to developing the necessary mathematics and the other discusses applications to physical problems. The section on mathematics is a quick, but more-or-less complete, review of topology. The focus is on explaining fundamental concepts rather than dwelling on details of proofs while retaining the mathematical flavour. There is an overview chapter at the beginning and a recapitulation chapter on group theory. The physics section starts with an introduction and then goes on to topics in quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics of polymers, knots, and vertex models, solid state physics, exotic excitations such as Dirac quasiparticles, Majorana modes, Abelian and non-Abelian anyons. Quantum spin liquids and quantum information-processing are also covered in some detail. |
| distance between points calculus: A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art ... With the derivation and definition of all the terms in general use. Edited by W. T. Brande ... assisted by Joseph Cauvin, etc William Thomas BRANDE, 1847 |
| distance between points calculus: Encyclopaedia Metropolitana Edward Smedley, 1845 |
| distance between points calculus: A Peep into Void Durgatosh Pandey, 2016-07-07 How did the universe come into being? What banged in the so-called Big Bang? Are the methods of science adequate for a complete understanding of reality? How are the seemingly different entities like space, time, matter, and energy related to one another? Is there a common thread that runs through them? How can the elusive entity of consciousness be explained? If you have been curious about these questions, this book will be of interest to you. It covers a wide range of such questions and makes an attempt to answer them through the disciplines as diverse as physics and mathematics, logic and philosophy, quantum theory and consciousness, and so on. With a childlike curiosity, the author leads you to the questions about the origin of the universe and traces it to nothingness or zero. It is the reinterpretation of zero or nothingness that is the central theme of this book in its quest of understanding the reality. It is a chronicle of the evolution of the authors thoughts from split of zero to in?nite instability of zero, which is the secret behind the origin and existence of the universe. |
| distance between points calculus: Pedagogy and Content in Middle and High School Mathematics G. Donald Allen, Amanda Ross, 2017-11-10 The book provides an accumulation of articles, included in Focus on Mathematics Pedagogy and Content, a newsletter for teachers, published by Texas A&M University. Each article presents a discussion of a middle or high school mathematics topic. Many of the articles are written by professors at Texas A&M University. The book is broken into three parts, with the first part focusing on content and pedagogy, related to the NCTM content strands of Number, Algebra, Geometry, Measurement, and Statistics and Probability. Articles include an in-depth presentation of mathematical content, as well as suggested instructional strategies. Thus, the integration of content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge is emphasized. The second and third parts apply to assessments, mathematical games, teaching tips, and technological applications. While other pedagogical reference books may provide an in-depth look at how to teach a topic, this book includes articles that also explain a topic, in great length. Thus, teachers may develop content knowledge first and then re-read each article, in order to learn appropriate instructional strategies to use. Many articles include technological applications, which are interspersed throughout the book. In addition, a special section, which includes helpful information, available tools, training sessions, and other references, for using technology in mathematics, is also presented. |
| distance between points calculus: Foundations of Analysis Joseph L. Taylor, 2012 Foundations of Analysis has two main goals. The first is to develop in students the mathematical maturity and sophistication they will need as they move through the upper division curriculum. The second is to present a rigorous development of both single and several variable calculus, beginning with a study of the properties of the real number system. The presentation is both thorough and concise, with simple, straightforward explanations. The exercises differ widely in level of abstraction and level of difficulty. They vary from the simple to the quite difficult and from the computational to the theoretical. Each section contains a number of examples designed to illustrate the material in the section and to teach students how to approach the exercises for that section. --Book cover. |
| distance between points calculus: Mathematics and the Physical World Morris Kline, 1981-03-01 Kline is a first-class teacher and an able writer. . . . This is an enlarging and a brilliant book. ? Scientific American Dr. Morris Kline has succeeded brilliantly in explaining the nature of much that is basic in math, and how it is used in science. ? San Francisco Chronicle Since the major branches of mathematics grew and expanded in conjunction with science, the most effective way to appreciate and understand mathematics is in terms of the study of nature. Unfortunately, the relationship of mathematics to the study of nature is neglected in dry, technique-oriented textbooks, and it has remained for Professor Morris Kline to describe the simultaneous growth of mathematics and the physical sciences in this remarkable book. In a manner that reflects both erudition and enthusiasm, the author provides a stimulating account of the development of basic mathematics from arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, to calculus, differential equations, and the non-Euclidean geometries. At the same time, Dr. Kline shows how mathematics is used in optics, astronomy, motion under the law of gravitation, acoustics, electromagnetism, and other phenomena. Historical and biographical materials are also included, while mathematical notation has been kept to a minimum. This is an excellent presentation of mathematical ideas from the time of the Greeks to the modern era. It will be of great interest to the mathematically inclined high school and college student, as well as to any reader who wants to understand ? perhaps for the first time ? the true greatness of mathematical achievements. |
| distance between points calculus: Mathematical Papers by William Kingdon Clifford William Kingdon Clifford, 1882 |
| distance between points calculus: Modern Computational Methods Herbert Koenig, 2019-05-20 This book is an introduction to computational mechanics, proceeding from basic computational tools to advanced computational procedures and applications. Emphasis is placed on the numerical techniques and how they form the bases for algorithms. Numerous worked examples in structural mechanics, heat transfer, fluid flow, and biomechanics are given with the numerical codes to illustrate how the methods are applied. A concluding section addresses advanced applications in such areas as finite volume methods and biomechanics. |
| distance between points calculus: Analysis for Applied Mathematics Ward Cheney, 2013-04-17 This well-written book contains the analytical tools, concepts, and viewpoints needed for modern applied mathematics. It treats various practical methods for solving problems such as differential equations, boundary value problems, and integral equations. Pragmatic approaches to difficult equations are presented, including the Galerkin method, the method of iteration, Newton’s method, projection techniques, and homotopy methods. |
| distance between points calculus: Spaces: An Introduction to Real Analysis Tom L. Lindstrøm, 2017-11-28 Spaces is a modern introduction to real analysis at the advanced undergraduate level. It is forward-looking in the sense that it first and foremost aims to provide students with the concepts and techniques they need in order to follow more advanced courses in mathematical analysis and neighboring fields. The only prerequisites are a solid understanding of calculus and linear algebra. Two introductory chapters will help students with the transition from computation-based calculus to theory-based analysis. The main topics covered are metric spaces, spaces of continuous functions, normed spaces, differentiation in normed spaces, measure and integration theory, and Fourier series. Although some of the topics are more advanced than what is usually found in books of this level, care is taken to present the material in a way that is suitable for the intended audience: concepts are carefully introduced and motivated, and proofs are presented in full detail. Applications to differential equations and Fourier analysis are used to illustrate the power of the theory, and exercises of all levels from routine to real challenges help students develop their skills and understanding. The text has been tested in classes at the University of Oslo over a number of years. |
| distance between points calculus: A Friendly Approach To Functional Analysis Amol Sasane, 2017-02-20 'The book is unusual among functional analysis books in devoting a lot of space to the derivative. The ‘friendly’ aspect promised in the title is not explained, but there are three things I think would strike most students as friendly: the slow pace, the enormous number of examples, and complete solutions to all the exercises.'MAA ReviewsThis book constitutes a concise introductory course on Functional Analysis for students who have studied calculus and linear algebra. The topics covered are Banach spaces, continuous linear transformations, Frechet derivative, geometry of Hilbert spaces, compact operators, and distributions. In addition, the book includes selected applications of functional analysis to differential equations, optimization, physics (classical and quantum mechanics), and numerical analysis. The book contains 197 problems, meant to reinforce the fundamental concepts. The inclusion of detailed solutions to all the exercises makes the book ideal also for self-study.A Friendly Approach to Functional Analysis is written specifically for undergraduate students of pure mathematics and engineering, and those studying joint programmes with mathematics. |
| distance between points calculus: APEX Calculus Gregory Hartman, 2015 APEX Calculus is a calculus textbook written for traditional college/university calculus courses. It has the look and feel of the calculus book you likely use right now (Stewart, Thomas & Finney, etc.). The explanations of new concepts is clear, written for someone who does not yet know calculus. Each section ends with an exercise set with ample problems to practice & test skills (odd answers are in the back). |
| distance between points calculus: The Philosophical magazine and journal , 1824 |
| distance between points calculus: Mathematical Optimization Techniques Richard Bellman, 2024-03-29 This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1963. |
| distance between points calculus: Many-body Physics, Topology And Geometry Siddhartha Sen, Kumar Sankar Gupta, 2015-06-15 The book explains concepts and ideas of mathematics and physics that are relevant for advanced students and researchers of condensed matter physics. With this aim, a brief intuitive introduction to many-body theory is given as a powerful qualitative tool for understanding complex systems. The important emergent concept of a quasiparticle is then introduced as a way to reduce a many-body problem to a single particle quantum problem. Examples of quasiparticles in graphene, superconductors, superfluids and in a topological insulator on a superconductor are discussed.The mathematical idea of self-adjoint extension, which allows short distance information to be included in an effective long distance theory through boundary conditions, is introduced through simple examples and then applied extensively to analyse and predict new physical consequences for graphene.The mathematical discipline of topology is introduced in an intuitive way and is then combined with the methods of differential geometry to show how the emergence of gapless states can be understood. Practical ways of carrying out topological calculations are described. |
| distance between points calculus: Einstein Gravity in a Nutshell A. Zee, 2013-05-05 An ideal introduction to Einstein's general theory of relativity This unique textbook provides an accessible introduction to Einstein's general theory of relativity, a subject of breathtaking beauty and supreme importance in physics. With his trademark blend of wit and incisiveness, A. Zee guides readers from the fundamentals of Newtonian mechanics to the most exciting frontiers of research today, including de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spacetimes, Kaluza-Klein theory, and brane worlds. Unlike other books on Einstein gravity, this book emphasizes the action principle and group theory as guides in constructing physical theories. Zee treats various topics in a spiral style that is easy on beginners, and includes anecdotes from the history of physics that will appeal to students and experts alike. He takes a friendly approach to the required mathematics, yet does not shy away from more advanced mathematical topics such as differential forms. The extensive discussion of black holes includes rotating and extremal black holes and Hawking radiation. The ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate students, Einstein Gravity in a Nutshell also provides an essential resource for professional physicists and is accessible to anyone familiar with classical mechanics and electromagnetism. It features numerous exercises as well as detailed appendices covering a multitude of topics not readily found elsewhere. Provides an accessible introduction to Einstein's general theory of relativity Guides readers from Newtonian mechanics to the frontiers of modern research Emphasizes symmetry and the Einstein-Hilbert action Covers topics not found in standard textbooks on Einstein gravity Includes interesting historical asides Features numerous exercises and detailed appendices Ideal for students, physicists, and scientifically minded lay readers Solutions manual (available only to teachers) |
| distance between points calculus: Some Novel Types of Fractal Geometry Stephen Semmes, 2001 This book deals with fractal geometries that have features similar to ones of ordinary Euclidean spaces, while at the same time being quite different from Euclidean spaces.. A basic example of this feature considered is the presence of Sobolev or Poincaré inequalities, concerning the relationship between the average behavior of a function and the average behavior of its small-scale oscillations. Remarkable results in the last few years through Bourdon-Pajot and Laakso have shown that there is much more in the way of geometries like this than have been realized, only examples related to nilpotent Lie groups and Carnot metrics were known previously. On the other had, 'typical' fractals that might be seen in pictures do not have these same kinds of features. This text examines these topics in detail and will interest graduate students as well as researchers in mathematics and various aspects of geometry and analysis. |
| distance between points calculus: Teaching Secondary Mathematics David Rock, Douglas K. Brumbaugh, 2013-02-15 Solidly grounded in up-to-date research, theory and technology, Teaching Secondary Mathematics is a practical, student-friendly, and popular text for secondary mathematics methods courses. It provides clear and useful approaches for mathematics teachers, and shows how concepts typically found in a secondary mathematics curriculum can be taught in a positive and encouraging way. The thoroughly revised fourth edition combines this pragmatic approach with truly innovative and integrated technology content throughout. Synthesized content between the book and comprehensive companion website offers expanded discussion of chapter topics, additional examples and technological tips. Each chapter features tried-and-tested pedagogical techniques, problem solving challenges, discussion points, activities, mathematical challenges, and student-life based applications that will encourage students to think and do. New to the 4th edition: A fully revised and updated chapter on technological advancements in the teaching of mathematics Connections to both the updated NCTM Focal Points as well as the new Common Core State Standards are well-integrated throughout the text Problem solving challenges and sticky questions featured in each chapter to encourage students to think through everyday issues and possible solutions. A fresh interior design to better highlight pedagogical elements and key features A companion website with chapter-by-chapter video lessons, teacher tools, problem solving Q&As, helpful links and resources, and embedded graphing calculators. |
| distance between points calculus: A Dictionary of Science, Literature, & Art William Thomas Brande, 1842 |
| distance between points calculus: Encyclopaedia of Mathematics Michiel Hazewinkel, 2012-12-06 This ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MATHEMATICS aims to be a reference work for all parts of mathe matics. It is a translation with updates and editorial comments of the Soviet Mathematical Encyclopaedia published by 'Soviet Encyclopaedia Publishing House' in five volumes in 1977-1985. The annotated translation consists of ten volumes including a special index volume. There are three kinds of articles in this ENCYCLOPAEDIA. First of all there are survey-type articles dealing with the various main directions in mathematics (where a rather fine subdivi sion has been used). The main requirement for these articles has been that they should give a reasonably complete up-to-date account of the current state of affairs in these areas and that they should be maximally accessible. On the whole, these articles should be understandable to mathematics students in their first specialization years, to graduates from other mathematical areas and, depending on the specific subject, to specialists in other domains of science, en gineers and teachers of mathematics. These articles treat their material at a fairly general level and aim to give an idea of the kind of problems, techniques and concepts involved in the area in question. They also contain background and motivation rather than precise statements of precise theorems with detailed definitions and technical details on how to carry out proofs and constructions. The second kind of article, of medium length, contains more detailed concrete problems, results and techniques. |
Distance calculator - Calculate the distance online!
With the distance calculator distance.to you can easily determine distances between world-wide locations. Simply enter any desired location into the search function and you will get the …
Calculez la distance entre deux villes!
Le célèbre calculateur de distance permet de déterminer la distance en kilomètres qui sépare deux lieux et coordonnées. Il fournit aussi un planificateur d'itinéraire, des cartes interactives …
Afstandsberegning - Beregn afstanden online!
Med arstandsberegneren distance.to kan du let fastslå afstanden mellem steder i hele verden. Du skal blot angive et ønsket sted i søgefunktionen, så får du den korteste afstand …
Avståndskalkylator - beräkna avstånd online!
Med avståndskalkylatorn distance.to kan du enkelt beräkna avståndet mellan olika platser i världen. Bara ange önskad startpunkt och destination i sökfunktionen så får du kortaste …
Calculator distanță - Calculează distanța online!
Cu calculatorul de distanță distance.to, poți calcula cu ușurință distanțele dintre locuri din întreaga lume. Trebuie doar să introduci locul dorit în caseta de căutare și vei primi cea mai scurtă …
Distance Mecca → Medina - Air line, driving route, midpoint
Worldwide distance calculator with air line, route planner, travel duration and flight distances. Shows the distance in kilometres between Mecca and Medina and displays the route on an …
Distance Saigon → Hanoi - Air line, driving route, midpoint
Shows the distance in kilometres between Saigon and Hanoi and displays the route on an interactive map. Worldwide distance calculator with air line, route planner, travel duration and …
Distances from Pattaya - Distance calculator
Shows the distance from Pattaya to the North Pole, Equator, South Pole and any place in the world. Includes air line, route, centre, route planner, flight route and interactive map.
Calculador de distancias: ¡calcula la distancia en línea!
¿Quieres saber cuál es el punto medio entre dos ciudades o lugares, o dónde podéis quedar a mitad de camino? Distance.to calcula el punto medio geográfico entre dos ubicaciones y …
Distance Spain → Italy - Air line, driving route, midpoint
Worldwide distance calculator with air line, route planner, travel duration and flight distances. Shows the distance in kilometres between Spain and Italy and displays the route on an …
Distance calculator - Calculate the distance online!
With the distance calculator distance.to you can easily determine distances between world-wide locations. Simply enter any desired location into the search function and you will get the …
Calculez la distance entre deux villes!
Le célèbre calculateur de distance permet de déterminer la distance en kilomètres qui sépare deux lieux et coordonnées. Il fournit aussi un planificateur d'itinéraire, des cartes interactives …
Afstandsberegning - Beregn afstanden online!
Med arstandsberegneren distance.to kan du let fastslå afstanden mellem steder i hele verden. Du skal blot angive et ønsket sted i søgefunktionen, så får du den korteste afstand …
Avståndskalkylator - beräkna avstånd online!
Med avståndskalkylatorn distance.to kan du enkelt beräkna avståndet mellan olika platser i världen. Bara ange önskad startpunkt och destination i sökfunktionen så får du kortaste …
Calculator distanță - Calculează distanța online!
Cu calculatorul de distanță distance.to, poți calcula cu ușurință distanțele dintre locuri din întreaga lume. Trebuie doar să introduci locul dorit în caseta de căutare și vei primi cea mai scurtă …
Distance Mecca → Medina - Air line, driving route, midpoint
Worldwide distance calculator with air line, route planner, travel duration and flight distances. Shows the distance in kilometres between Mecca and Medina and displays the route on an …
Distance Saigon → Hanoi - Air line, driving route, midpoint
Shows the distance in kilometres between Saigon and Hanoi and displays the route on an interactive map. Worldwide distance calculator with air line, route planner, travel duration and …
Distances from Pattaya - Distance calculator
Shows the distance from Pattaya to the North Pole, Equator, South Pole and any place in the world. Includes air line, route, centre, route planner, flight route and interactive map.
Calculador de distancias: ¡calcula la distancia en línea!
¿Quieres saber cuál es el punto medio entre dos ciudades o lugares, o dónde podéis quedar a mitad de camino? Distance.to calcula el punto medio geográfico entre dos ubicaciones y …
Distance Spain → Italy - Air line, driving route, midpoint
Worldwide distance calculator with air line, route planner, travel duration and flight distances. Shows the distance in kilometres between Spain and Italy and displays the route on an …
