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| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook 2021 OECD, 2021-05-20 This edition of the OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook reviews developments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for government borrowing needs, funding conditions and funding strategies in the OECD area. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Financial Markets Theory Emilio Barucci, Claudio Fontana, 2017-06-08 This work, now in a thoroughly revised second edition, presents the economic foundations of financial markets theory from a mathematically rigorous standpoint and offers a self-contained critical discussion based on empirical results. It is the only textbook on the subject to include more than two hundred exercises, with detailed solutions to selected exercises. Financial Markets Theory covers classical asset pricing theory in great detail, including utility theory, equilibrium theory, portfolio selection, mean-variance portfolio theory, CAPM, CCAPM, APT, and the Modigliani-Miller theorem. Starting from an analysis of the empirical evidence on the theory, the authors provide a discussion of the relevant literature, pointing out the main advances in classical asset pricing theory and the new approaches designed to address asset pricing puzzles and open problems (e.g., behavioral finance). Later chapters in the book contain more advanced material, including on the role of information in financial markets, non-classical preferences, noise traders and market microstructure. This textbook is aimed at graduate students in mathematical finance and financial economics, but also serves as a useful reference for practitioners working in insurance, banking, investment funds and financial consultancy. Introducing necessary tools from microeconomic theory, this book is highly accessible and completely self-contained. Advance praise for the second edition: Financial Markets Theory is comprehensive, rigorous, and yet highly accessible. With their second edition, Barucci and Fontana have set an even higher standard!Darrell Duffie, Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University This comprehensive book is a great self-contained source for studying most major theoretical aspects of financial economics. What makes the book particularly useful is that it provides a lot of intuition, detailed discussions of empirical implications, a very thorough survey of the related literature, and many completely solved exercises. The second edition covers more ground and provides many more proofs, and it will be a handy addition to the library of every student or researcher in the field.Jaksa Cvitanic, Richard N. Merkin Professor of Mathematical Finance, Caltech The second edition of Financial Markets Theory by Barucci and Fontana is a superb achievement that knits together all aspects of modern finance theory, including financial markets microstructure, in a consistent and self-contained framework. Many exercises, together with their detailed solutions, make this book indispensable for serious students in finance.Michel Crouhy, Head of Research and Development, NATIXIS |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Financial Market Regulation and Reforms in Emerging Markets Masahiro Kawai, Eswar Prasad, 2011 In the wake of the global financial crisis that began in 2008, offers a systematic overview of recent developments in regulatory frameworks in advanced and emerging-market countries, outlining challenges to improving regulation, markets, and access in developing economies--Provided by publisher. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Guide to Financial Markets Marc Levinson, 2018-07-24 The revised and updated 7th edition of this highly regarded book brings the reader right up to speed with the latest financial market developments, and provides a clear and incisive guide to a complex world that even those who work in it often find hard to understand. In chapters on the markets that deal with money, foreign exchange, equities, bonds, commodities, financial futures, options and other derivatives, the book examines why these markets exist, how they work, and who trades in them, and gives a run-down of the factors that affect prices and rates. Business history is littered with disasters that occurred because people involved their firms with financial instruments they didn't properly understand. If they had had this book they might have avoided their mistakes. For anyone wishing to understand financial markets, there is no better guide. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Equality and Efficiency REV Arthur M. Okun, 2015-04-30 Originally published in 1975, Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff is a very personal work from one of the most important macroeconomists of the last hundred years. And this new edition includes Further Thoughts on Equality and Efficiency, a paper published by the author two years later. In classrooms Arthur M. Okun may be best remembered for Okun's Law, but his lasting legacy is the respect and admiration he earned from economists, practitioners, and policymakers. Equality and Efficiency is the perfect embodiment of that legacy, valued both by professional economists and those readers with a keen interest in social policy. To his fellow economists, Okun presents messages, in the form of additional comments and select citations, in his footnotes. To all readers, Okun presents an engaging dual theme: the market needs a place, and the market needs to be kept in its place. As Okun puts it: Institutions in a capitalist democracy prod us to get ahead of our neighbors economically after telling us to stay in line socially. This double standard professes and pursues an egalitarian political and social system while simultaneously generating gaping disparities in economic well-being. Today, Okun's dual theme feels incredibly prescient as we grapple with the hot-button topic of income inequality. In his foreword, Lawrence H. Summers declares: On what one might think of as questions of economic philosophy, I doubt that Okun has been improved on in the subsequent interval. His discussion of how societies rely on rights as well as markets should be required reading for all young economists who are enamored with market solutions to all problems. With a new foreword by Lawrence H. Summers |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Financial Markets and Financial Crises R. Glenn Hubbard, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991-08-13 Warnings of the threat of an impending financial crisis are not new, but do we really know what constitutes an actual episode of crisis and how, once begun, it can be prevented from escalating into a full-blown economic collapse? Using both historical and contemporary episodes of breakdowns in financial trade, contributors to this volume draw insights from theory and empirical data, from the experience of closed and open economies worldwide, and from detailed case studies. They explore the susceptibility of American corporations to economic downturns; the origins of banking panics; and the behavior of financial markets during periods of crisis. Sever papers specifically address the current thrift crisis—including a detailed analysis of the over 500 FSLIC-insured thrifts in the southeast—and seriously challenge the value of recent measures aimed at preventing future collapse in that industry. Government economists and policy makers, scholars of industry and banking, and many in the business community will find these timely papers an invaluable reference. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: The Origins and Development of Financial Markets and Institutions Jeremy Atack, Larry Neal, 2009-03-16 Collectively, mankind has never had it so good despite periodic economic crises of which the current sub-prime crisis is merely the latest example. Much of this success is attributable to the increasing efficiency of the world's financial institutions as finance has proved to be one of the most important causal factors in economic performance. In a series of insightful essays, financial and economic historians examine how financial innovations from the seventeenth century to the present have continually challenged established institutional arrangements, forcing change and adaptation by governments, financial intermediaries, and financial markets. Where these have been successful, wealth creation and growth have followed. When they failed, growth slowed and sometimes economic decline has followed. These essays illustrate the difficulties of co-ordinating financial innovations in order to sustain their benefits for the wider economy, a theme that will be of interest to policy makers as well as economic historians. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Inefficient Markets Andrei Shleifer, 2000-03-09 The efficient markets hypothesis has been the central proposition in finance for nearly thirty years. It states that securities prices in financial markets must equal fundamental values, either because all investors are rational or because arbitrage eliminates pricing anomalies. This book describes an alternative approach to the study of financial markets: behavioral finance. This approach starts with an observation that the assumptions of investor rationality and perfect arbitrage are overwhelmingly contradicted by both psychological and institutional evidence. In actual financial markets, less than fully rational investors trade against arbitrageurs whose resources are limited by risk aversion, short horizons, and agency problems. The book presents and empirically evaluates models of such inefficient markets. Behavioral finance models both explain the available financial data better than does the efficient markets hypothesis and generate new empirical predictions. These models can account for such anomalies as the superior performance of value stocks, the closed end fund puzzle, the high returns on stocks included in market indices, the persistence of stock price bubbles, and even the collapse of several well-known hedge funds in 1998. By summarizing and expanding the research in behavioral finance, the book builds a new theoretical and empirical foundation for the economic analysis of real-world markets. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: The Econometrics of Financial Markets John Y. Campbell, Andrew W. Lo, A. Craig MacKinlay, 2012-06-28 The past twenty years have seen an extraordinary growth in the use of quantitative methods in financial markets. Finance professionals now routinely use sophisticated statistical techniques in portfolio management, proprietary trading, risk management, financial consulting, and securities regulation. This graduate-level textbook is intended for PhD students, advanced MBA students, and industry professionals interested in the econometrics of financial modeling. The book covers the entire spectrum of empirical finance, including: the predictability of asset returns, tests of the Random Walk Hypothesis, the microstructure of securities markets, event analysis, the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, the term structure of interest rates, dynamic models of economic equilibrium, and nonlinear financial models such as ARCH, neural networks, statistical fractals, and chaos theory. Each chapter develops statistical techniques within the context of a particular financial application. This exciting new text contains a unique and accessible combination of theory and practice, bringing state-of-the-art statistical techniques to the forefront of financial applications. Each chapter also includes a discussion of recent empirical evidence, for example, the rejection of the Random Walk Hypothesis, as well as problems designed to help readers incorporate what they have read into their own applications. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Capital Markets and Financial Intermediation Colin Mayer, Xavier Vives, 1995-09-29 Financial intermediation is currently a subject of active research on both sides of the Atlantic. The integration of European financial markets, in particular, highlights several important issues. In this volume, derived from a joint CEPR conference with the Fundacion Banco Bilbao Vizcaya (BBV), leading academics from Europe and North America review 'state-of-the-art' theories of banking and financial intermediation and discuss their policy implications. The principal focus is on the risks of increased competition, the appropriate regulation of banks, and the differences between Anglo-American and Continental European forms of financial markets. Relationship banking, stock markets and banks, banking and corporate control, financial intermediation in Eastern Europe, monetary policy and the banking system, and financial intermediation and growth are also discussed. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Following the Money National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Panel on International Capital Transactions, Anne Y. Kester, 1995-11-12 Many questions have been raised about America's status in the increasingly interconnected global economy. Yet key factsâ€such as the amount of foreign assets abroad owned by U.S. citizensâ€are not known. The crucial data needed to assess the U.S. position are unavailable. This volume explores significant shortcomings in U.S. data on international capital transactions and their implications for policymakers. The volume offers clearcut recommendations for U.S. agencies to bring data collection and analyses of the global economy into the twenty-first century. The volume explores: How factors emerging since the early 1980s have shaped world financial markets and revealed shortcomings in data collection and analysis. How the existing U.S. data system works and where it fails how measurements of international financial transactions are recorded; and how swaps, options, and futures present special reporting problems. How alternative methods, such as collecting data, from sources such as global custodians and international clearinghouses, might improve coverage and accuracy. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: When More Is Not Better Roger L. Martin, 2020-09-29 American democratic capitalism is in danger. How can we save it? For its first two hundred years, the American economy exhibited truly impressive performance. The combination of democratically elected governments and a capitalist system worked, with ever-increasing levels of efficiency spurred by division of labor, international trade, and scientific management of companies. By the nation's bicentennial celebration in 1976, the American economy was the envy of the world. But since then, outcomes have changed dramatically. Growth in the economic prosperity of the average American family has slowed to a crawl, while the wealth of the richest Americans has skyrocketed. This imbalance threatens the American democratic capitalist system and our way of life. In this bracing yet constructive book, world-renowned business thinker Roger Martin starkly outlines the fundamental problem: We have treated the economy as a machine, pursuing ever-greater efficiency as an inherent good. But efficiency has become too much of a good thing. Our obsession with it has inadvertently shifted the shape of our economy, from a large middle class and smaller numbers of rich and poor (think of a bell-shaped curve) to a greater share of benefits accruing to a thin tail of already-rich Americans (a Pareto distribution). With lucid analysis and engaging anecdotes, Martin argues that we must stop treating the economy as a perfectible machine and shift toward viewing it as a complex adaptive system in which we seek a fundamental balance of efficiency with resilience. To achieve this, we need to keep in mind the whole while working on the component parts; pursue improvement, not perfection; and relentlessly tweak instead of attempting to find permanent solutions. Filled with keen economic insight and advice for citizens, executives, policy makers, and educators, When More Is Not Better is the must-read guide for saving democratic capitalism. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Financial Markets and the Real Economy John H. Cochrane, 2005 Financial Markets and the Real Economy reviews the current academic literature on the macroeconomics of finance. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Information Efficiency in Financial and Betting Markets Leighton Vaughan Williams, 2005-09-29 The degree to which markets incorporate information is one of the most important questions facing economists today. This book provides a fascinating study of the existence and extent of information efficiency in financial markets, with a special focus on betting markets. Betting markets are selected for study because they incorporate features highly appropriate to a study of information efficiency, in particular the fact that each bet has a well-defined end point at which its value becomes certain. Using international examples, this book reviews and analyses the issue of information efficiency in both financial and betting markets. Part I is an extensive survey of the existing literature, while Part II presents a range of readings by leading academics. Insights gained from the book will interest students of financial economics, financial market analysts, mathematicians and statisticians, and all those with a special interest in finance or gambling. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Finance and Growth Robert Graham King, 1993 Finance matters. The level of a country's financial development helps predict its rate of economic growth for the following 10 to 30 years. The data are consistent with Schumpeter's view that services provided by financial intermediaries stimulate long- run growth. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook 2020 OECD, 2020-07-29 The OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook provides regular updates on trends and developments associated with sovereign borrowing requirements, funding strategies, market infrastructure and debt levels from the perspective of public debt managers. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: The Economic Efficiency of Financial Markets Jan Mossin, 1977 |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Adaptive Markets Andrew W. Lo, 2019-05-14 A new, evolutionary explanation of markets and investor behavior Half of all Americans have money in the stock market, yet economists can’t agree on whether investors and markets are rational and efficient, as modern financial theory assumes, or irrational and inefficient, as behavioral economists believe. The debate is one of the biggest in economics, and the value or futility of investment management and financial regulation hangs on the answer. In this groundbreaking book, Andrew Lo transforms the debate with a powerful new framework in which rationality and irrationality coexist—the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis. Drawing on psychology, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and other fields, Adaptive Markets shows that the theory of market efficiency is incomplete. When markets are unstable, investors react instinctively, creating inefficiencies for others to exploit. Lo’s new paradigm explains how financial evolution shapes behavior and markets at the speed of thought—a fact revealed by swings between stability and crisis, profit and loss, and innovation and regulation. An ambitious new answer to fundamental questions about economics and investing, Adaptive Markets is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how markets really work. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Economic Dignity Gene Sperling, 2021-10-12 “Timely and important . . . It should be our North Star for the recovery and beyond.” —Hillary Clinton “Sperling makes a forceful case that only by speaking to matters of the spirit can liberals root their belief in economic justice in people’s deepest aspirations—in their sense of purpose and self-worth.” —The New York Times When Gene Sperling was in charge of coordinating economic policy in the Obama White House, he found himself surprised when serious people in Washington told him that the Obama focus on health care was a distraction because it was “not focused on the economy.” How, he asked, was the fear felt by millions of Americans of being one serious illness away from financial ruin not considered an economic issue? Too often, Sperling found that we measured economic success by metrics like GDP instead of whether the economy was succeeding in lifting up the sense of meaning, purpose, fulfillment, and security of people. In Economic Dignity, Sperling frames the way forward in a time of wrenching change and offers a vision of an economy whose guiding light is the promotion of dignity for all Americans. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Information and Learning in Markets Xavier Vives, 2010-01-25 The ways financial analysts, traders, and other specialists use information and learn from each other are of fundamental importance to understanding how markets work and prices are set. This graduate-level textbook analyzes how markets aggregate information and examines the impacts of specific market arrangements--or microstructure--on the aggregation process and overall performance of financial markets. Xavier Vives bridges the gap between the two primary views of markets--informational efficiency and herding--and uses a coherent game-theoretic framework to bring together the latest results from the rational expectations and herding literatures. Vives emphasizes the consequences of market interaction and social learning for informational and economic efficiency. He looks closely at information aggregation mechanisms, progressing from simple to complex environments: from static to dynamic models; from competitive to strategic agents; and from simple market strategies such as noncontingent orders or quantities to complex ones like price contingent orders or demand schedules. Vives finds that contending theories like informational efficiency and herding build on the same principles of Bayesian decision making and that irrational agents are not needed to explain herding behavior, booms, and crashes. As this book shows, the microstructure of a market is the crucial factor in the informational efficiency of prices. Provides the most complete analysis of the ways markets aggregate information Bridges the gap between the rational expectations and herding literatures Includes exercises with solutions Serves both as a graduate textbook and a resource for researchers, including financial analysts |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: A Random Walk Down Wall Street: The Time-Tested Strategy for Successful Investing (Ninth Edition) Burton G. Malkiel, 2007-12-17 Updated with a new chapter that draws on behavioral finance, the field that studies the psychology of investment decisions, the bestselling guide to investing evaluates the full range of financial opportunities. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Financial Structure and Economic Growth Aslı Demirgüç-Kunt, Ross Levine, 2001 CD-ROM contains: World Bank data. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Introduction to the Economics of Financial Markets James Bradfield, 2007-02-08 There are many textbooks for business students that provide a systematic, introductory development of the economics of financial markets. However, there are as yet no introductory textbooks aimed at more easily daunted undergraduate liberal arts students. Introduction to the Economics of Financial Markets fills this gap by providing an extremely accessible introductory exposition of how economists analyze both how, and how well, financial markets organize the intertemporal allocation of scarce resources. The central theme is that the function of a system of financial markets is to enable consumers, investors, and managers of firms to effect mutually beneficial intertemporal exchanges. James Bradfield uses the standard concept of economic efficiency (Pareto Optimality) to assess the efficacy of the financial markets. He presents an intuitive, and introductory, understanding of the primary theoretical and empirical models that economists use to analyze financial markets, and then uses these models to discuss implications for public policy. Students who use this text will acquire an understanding of the economics of financial markets that will enable them to read, with some sophistication, articles in the public press about financial markets and about public policy toward those markets. The book is addressed to undergraduate students in the liberal arts, but will also be useful for undergraduate and beginning graduate students in programs of business administration who want an understanding of how economists assess financial markets against the criteria of allocative and informational efficiency. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Blockchain Economics and Financial Market Innovation Umit Hacioglu, 2019-12-03 This book discusses various aspects of blockchains in economic systems and investment strategies in crypto markets. It first addresses the topic from a conceptual and theoretical point of view, and then analyzes it from an assessment and investment angle. Further, it examines the opportunities and limitations of the taxation of crypto currency, as well as the political implications, such as regulation of speculation with crypto currencies. The book is intended for academicians and students in the fields of economics and finance. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: An Engine, Not a Camera Donald MacKenzie, 2008-08-29 In An Engine, Not a Camera, Donald MacKenzie argues that the emergence of modern economic theories of finance affected financial markets in fundamental ways. These new, Nobel Prize-winning theories, based on elegant mathematical models of markets, were not simply external analyses but intrinsic parts of economic processes. Paraphrasing Milton Friedman, MacKenzie says that economic models are an engine of inquiry rather than a camera to reproduce empirical facts. More than that, the emergence of an authoritative theory of financial markets altered those markets fundamentally. For example, in 1970, there was almost no trading in financial derivatives such as futures. By June of 2004, derivatives contracts totaling $273 trillion were outstanding worldwide. MacKenzie suggests that this growth could never have happened without the development of theories that gave derivatives legitimacy and explained their complexities. MacKenzie examines the role played by finance theory in the two most serious crises to hit the world's financial markets in recent years: the stock market crash of 1987 and the market turmoil that engulfed the hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management in 1998. He also looks at finance theory that is somewhat beyond the mainstream—chaos theorist Benoit Mandelbrot's model of wild randomness. MacKenzie's pioneering work in the social studies of finance will interest anyone who wants to understand how America's financial markets have grown into their current form. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: A Strategy for Resolving Europe's Problem Loans Mr.Shekhar Aiyar, Mr.Wolfgang Bergthaler, Jose M Garrido, Ms.Anna Ilyina, Andreas Jobst, Mr.Kenneth Kang, Dmitriy Kovtun, Ms.Yan Liu, Mr.Dermot Monaghan, Ms.Marina Moretti, 2015-09-24 Europe’s banking system is weighed down by high levels of non-performing loans (NPLs), which are holding down credit growth and economic activity. This discussion note uses a new survey of European country authorities and banks to examine the structural obstacles that discourage banks from addressing their problem loans. A three pillared strategy is advocated to remedy the situation, comprising: (i) tightened supervisory policies, (ii) insolvency reforms, and (iii) the development of distressed debt markets. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: General Theory Of Employment , Interest And Money John Maynard Keynes, 2016-04 John Maynard Keynes is the great British economist of the twentieth century whose hugely influential work The General Theory of Employment, Interest and * is undoubtedly the century's most important book on economics--strongly influencing economic theory and practice, particularly with regard to the role of government in stimulating and regulating a nation's economic life. Keynes's work has undergone significant revaluation in recent years, and Keynesian views which have been widely defended for so long are now perceived as at odds with Keynes's own thinking. Recent scholarship and research has demonstrated considerable rivalry and controversy concerning the proper interpretation of Keynes's works, such that recourse to the original text is all the more important. Although considered by a few critics that the sentence structures of the book are quite incomprehensible and almost unbearable to read, the book is an essential reading for all those who desire a basic education in economics. The key to understanding Keynes is the notion that at particular times in the business cycle, an economy can become over-productive (or under-consumptive) and thus, a vicious spiral is begun that results in massive layoffs and cuts in production as businesses attempt to equilibrate aggregate supply and demand. Thus, full employment is only one of many or multiple macro equilibria. If an economy reaches an underemployment equilibrium, something is necessary to boost or stimulate demand to produce full employment. This something could be business investment but because of the logic and individualist nature of investment decisions, it is unlikely to rapidly restore full employment. Keynes logically seizes upon the public budget and government expenditures as the quickest way to restore full employment. Borrowing the * to finance the deficit from private households and businesses is a quick, direct way to restore full employment while at the same time, redirecting or siphoning |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Introducing a New Broad-based Index of Financial Development Katsiaryna Svirydzenka, 2016-01-12 There is a vast body of literature estimating the impact of financial development on economic growth, inequality, and economic stability. A typical empirical study approximates financial development with either one of two measures of financial depth – the ratio of private credit to GDP or stock market capitalization to GDP. However, these indicators do not take into account the complex multidimensional nature of financial development. The contribution of this paper is to create nine indices that summarize how developed financial institutions and financial markets are in terms of their depth, access, and efficiency. These indices are then aggregated into an overall index of financial development. With the coverage of 183 countries on annual frequency between 1980 and 2013, the database should offer a useful analytical tool for researchers and policy makers. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Applied Conic Finance Dilip Madan, Wim Schoutens, 2016-10-13 This is a comprehensive introduction to the brand new theory of conic finance, also referred to as the two-price theory, which determines bid and ask prices in a consistent and fundamentally motivated manner. Whilst theories of one price classically eliminate all risk, the concept of acceptable risks is critical to the foundations of the two-price theory which sees risk elimination as typically unattainable in a modern financial economy. Practical examples and case studies provide the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of the theory, a variety of advanced quantitative models, and numerous real-world applications, including portfolio theory, option positioning, hedging, and trading contexts. This book offers a quantitative and practical approach for readers familiar with the basics of mathematical finance to allow them to boldly go where no quant has gone before. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Putting Purpose Into Practice Colin Mayer, Bruno Roche, 2021 This is the first book to provide a precise description of how companies can put purpose into practice. Based on groundbreaking research undertaken between Oxford University and Mars Catalyst, it offers an accessible account of why corporate purpose is so important and how it can be implemented to address the major challenges the world faces today. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab, 2017-01-03 World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Effects of Financial Globalization on Developing Countries Mr.Ayhan Kose, Mr.Kenneth Rogoff, Mr.Eswar Prasad, Shang-Jin Wei, 2003-09-03 This study provides a candid, systematic, and critical review of recent evidence on this complex subject. Based on a review of the literature and some new empirical evidence, it finds that (1) in spite of an apparently strong theoretical presumption, it is difficult to detect a strong and robust causal relationship between financial integration and economic growth; (2) contrary to theoretical predictions, financial integration appears to be associated with increases in consumption volatility (both in absolute terms and relative to income volatility) in many developing countries; and (3) there appear to be threshold effects in both of these relationships, which may be related to absorptive capacity. Some recent evidence suggests that sound macroeconomic frameworks and, in particular, good governance are both quantitatively and qualitatively important in affecting developing countries’ experiences with financial globalization. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Finance and Growth Ross Levine, 2004 This paper reviews, appraises, and critiques theoretical and empirical research on the connections between the operation of the financial system and economic growth. While subject to ample qualifications and countervailing views, the preponderance of evidence suggests that both financial intermediaries and markets matter for growth and that reverse causality alone is not driving this relationship. Furthermore, theory and evidence imply that better developed financial systems ease external financing constraints facing firms, which illuminates one mechanism through which financial development influences economic growth. The paper highlights many areas needing additional research--NBER website |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Frederic S. Mishkin, 2007 Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets heralded a dramatic shift in the teaching of the money and banking course in its first edition, and today it is still setting the standard. By applying an analytical framework to the patient, stepped-out development of models, Frederic Mishkin draws students into a deeper understanding of modern monetary theory, banking, and policy. His landmark combination of common sense applications with current, real-world events provides authoritative, comprehensive coverage in an informal tone students appreciate. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Choosing Leadership Linda Ginzel, 2018-10-16 Choosing Leadership is a new take on executive development that gives everyone the tools to develop their leadership skills. In this workbook, Dr. Linda Ginzel, a clinical professor at the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business and a social psychologist, debunks common myths about leaders and encourages you to follow a personalized path to decide when to manage and when to lead. Thoughtful exercises and activities help you mine your own experiences, learn to recognize behavior patterns, and make better choices so that you can create better futures. You’ll learn how to: Define leadership for yourself and move beyond stereotypes Distinguish between leadership and management and when to use each skill Recognize the gist of a situation and effectively communicate it with others Learn from the experience of others as well as your own Identify your “default settings” and become your own coach And much more Dr. Linda Ginzel is a clinical professor of managerial psychology at the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business and the founder of its customized executive education program. For three decades, she has developed and taught MBA and executive education courses in negotiation, leadership capital, managerial psychology, and more. She has also taught MBA and PhD students at Northwestern and Stanford, as well as designed customized educational programs for a number of Fortune 500 companies. Ginzel has received numerous teaching awards for excellence in MBA education, as well as the President’s Service Award for her work with the nonprofit Kids In Danger. She lives in Chicago with her family. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: The Central Bank and the Financial System Charles Albert Eric Goodhart, 1995 As economic advisor to the Bank of England for many years, C. A. E. Goodhart is uniquely positioned to assess the role of the central bank in the modern financial system. This book brings together twenty-one of his previously published articles dealing with the changing functions of central banks over time, recent efforts to maintain price stability, and debates over specific financial regulation proposals in the UK. Although the current day-to-day operations of central banks are subject to continuous comment and frequent criticism, their structural role within the economic system as a whole has generally been accepted without much question, despite several attempts by economists in recent decades to challenge the value of the institution. C. A. E. Goodhart brings his knowledge of both the theoretical arguments and the actual working of central banks to bear in these essays. Part I looks at the general purposes and functions of central banks within the financial system and their evolution over time. Part II concentrates on the current objectives and operations of central banks, and the maintenance of price stability in particular. Part III analyzes the broader issues of financial regulation. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2002 Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Resolving the Financial Crisis C. E. V. Borio, Bent Vale, Goetz Von Peter, 2010 How does the management and resolution of the current crisis compare with the response of the Nordic countries in the early 1990s, widely regarded as exemplary? We argue that, while intervention has been prompter, the measures taken so far remain less comprehensive and in-depth. In particular, the cleansing of balance sheets has proceeded more slowly, and less attention has been paid to reducing excess capacity and avoiding competitive distortions. In general, policymakers have given higher priority to sustaining aggregate demand in the short term than to encouraging adjustment in the financial sector and containing moral hazard. We argue that three factors largely explain this outcome: the more international nature of the crisis; the complexity of the instruments involved; and, hardly appreciated so far, the effect of accounting practices on the dynamics of the events, reflecting in particular the prominent role of fair value accounting (and mark to market losses) in relation to amortised cost accounting for loan books. There is a risk that the policies followed so far may delay the establishment of the basis for a sustainably profitable and less risk-prone financial sector. |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Stock Market Development and Long-Run Growth Ross Levine, 1999 March 1996 Is there a strong empirical association between stock market development and long-term economic growth? Cross-country regressions suggest that there is a positive and robust association. Levine and Zervos empirically evaluate the relationship between stock market development and long-term growth. The data suggest that stock market development is positively associated with economic growth. Moreover, instrumental variables procedures indicate a strong connection between the predetermined component of stock market development and economic growth in the long run. While cross-country regressions imply a strong link between stock market development and economic growth, the results should be viewed as suggestive partial correlations that stimulate additional research rather than as conclusive findings. Much work remains to be done to shed light on the relationship between stock market development and economic growth. Careful case studies might help identify causal relationships and further research could be done on the time-series property of such relationships. Research should also be done to identify policies that facilitate the development of sound securities markets. This paper -- a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study the relationship between financial systems and economic growth. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Stock Market Development and Financial Intermediary Growth2 (RPO 679-53). |
| financial markets promote economic efficiency by: Finance and Growth Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Ross Levine, 2018-07-27 This two-volume collection brings together major contributions to the study of finance and growth. It includes conceptual and empirical papers that use a range of methodologies to discover the connections between financial systems - including financial contracts, markets, and intermediaries - and the functioning of the economy - including economic growth, entrepreneurship, technological innovation, poverty alleviation, the distribution of income, and the structure and volatility of economies. It also discusses contributions to the study of the legal, political, institutional, social capital and policy determinants of financial development. With an original introduction by the editors, this collection is an important resource for students, academics and practitioners. |
Financial Institutions on Capital Market Efficiency and …
Financial regulation can promote allocative efficiency by narrowing differences between marginal costs and benefits, but it can also exacerbate such differences.
Financial Market Efficiency and the Effectiveness of …
Improvements in information processing technology and deregulation, among other forces, are profoundly transforming the financial sector of the United States and other advanced economies.
CHAPTER 6 MARKET EFFICIENCY – DEFINITION, TESTS …
markets are efficient to all investors, but it is entirely possible that a particular market (for instance, the New York Stock Exchange) is efficient with respect to the average investor. It is also …
CHAPTER 1-2: ROLE OF FINANCIAL MARKETS AND …
Financial markets, such as bond and stock markets, are crucial in our economy. 1. These markets channel funds from savers to investors, thereby promoting economic efficiency. 2. Market …
Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?
Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets? Multiple Choice 1) Financial markets and institutions (a) involve the movement of huge flows of money. (b) affect the profits of …
Market Efficiency and Rationality: Why Financial Markets are …
Oct 12, 2010 · The proposition that markets drive economic efficiency is central to much economics. Adam Smith illustrated that the “invisible hand” of the market drives efficient …
Understanding market efficiency: The pillar of modern …
Eficient markets ensure that assets are fairly priced based on current knowledge, making it challenging for investors to consistently achieve higher returns without taking on additional …
Financial markets in development, and the development of …
It is argued here that markets-especially financial markets - play a central role in economic development and that economic development leads to the formation of new markets. In …
THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION IN …
Efficient financial intermediation contributes to higher levels of output, employment, and income which invariably. the population. 4. The banking sector remains at the centre of this process, …
The Economics of Financial Markets - Cambridge University …
Following a brief overview of financial markets – their microstructure and the randomness of stock market prices – this textbook explores how the economics of uncertainty can be applied to …
The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets
This chapter provides an economic analysis of how our financial structure is designed to promote economic efficiency.
Competition, Stability and Efficiency in Financial Markets
Based on new research, we make three arguments in this paper about bank competition and stability. First, there is a competition-stability trade-of: the removal of regulatory impediments …
David Dodge: Improving financial system efficiency - the …
When a financial system is operating at peak efficiency, investors receive the highest risk-adjusted returns on their investments, and borrowers minimize the costs of raising capital. With an …
Market Efficiency and Rationality: Why Financial Markets are …
Oct 12, 2010 · Financial Markets: Efficiency, Stability and Income Distribution London School of Economics 12 October 2010 Adair Turner Lionel Robbins Memorial Lectures Economics after …
REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN FINANCIAL …
Through a comprehensive analysis of regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, and emerging trends, this paper offers insights into addressing regulatory challenges in financial …
EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL REGULATION …
Financial markets are vital components of modern economies, facilitating the efficient allocation of capital, enabling economic growth, and providing opportunities for investors and participants to …
The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets
Financial markets facilitate the transfer of funds from savers to borrowers, enhancing economic efficiency. They play a crucial role in promoting growth and affect wealth, consumption, and …
The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets
Introduces the impact of financial markets and institutions on daily life and emphasizes their importance in understanding economic issues. Importance of Financial Markets Highlights how …
Chapter 1 B) eliminate the need for indirect finance.
Financial markets promote economic efficiency by A) channeling funds from investors to savers. B) creating inflation. C) channeling funds from savers to investors. D) reducing investment. …
Financial intermediation and economic growth - University of …
In our paper we capture the four aspects of finance – depth, access, efficiency and stability – to investigate the impact of financial development and economic growth. We use Cihak et al.’s …
Financial Institutions on Capital Market Efficiency and …
Financial regulation can promote allocative efficiency by narrowing differences between marginal costs and benefits, but it can also exacerbate such differences.
Financial Market Efficiency and the Effectiveness of …
Improvements in information processing technology and deregulation, among other forces, are profoundly transforming the financial sector of the United States and other advanced economies.
CHAPTER 6 MARKET EFFICIENCY – DEFINITION, TESTS …
markets are efficient to all investors, but it is entirely possible that a particular market (for instance, the New York Stock Exchange) is efficient with respect to the average investor. It is also …
CHAPTER 1-2: ROLE OF FINANCIAL MARKETS AND …
Financial markets, such as bond and stock markets, are crucial in our economy. 1. These markets channel funds from savers to investors, thereby promoting economic efficiency. 2. Market …
Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?
Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets? Multiple Choice 1) Financial markets and institutions (a) involve the movement of huge flows of money. (b) affect the profits of …
Market Efficiency and Rationality: Why Financial Markets are …
Oct 12, 2010 · The proposition that markets drive economic efficiency is central to much economics. Adam Smith illustrated that the “invisible hand” of the market drives efficient …
Understanding market efficiency: The pillar of modern …
Eficient markets ensure that assets are fairly priced based on current knowledge, making it challenging for investors to consistently achieve higher returns without taking on additional …
Financial markets in development, and the development of …
It is argued here that markets-especially financial markets - play a central role in economic development and that economic development leads to the formation of new markets. In …
THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION IN …
Efficient financial intermediation contributes to higher levels of output, employment, and income which invariably. the population. 4. The banking sector remains at the centre of this process, …
The Economics of Financial Markets - Cambridge University …
Following a brief overview of financial markets – their microstructure and the randomness of stock market prices – this textbook explores how the economics of uncertainty can be applied to …
The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets
This chapter provides an economic analysis of how our financial structure is designed to promote economic efficiency.
Competition, Stability and Efficiency in Financial Markets
Based on new research, we make three arguments in this paper about bank competition and stability. First, there is a competition-stability trade-of: the removal of regulatory impediments …
David Dodge: Improving financial system efficiency - the …
When a financial system is operating at peak efficiency, investors receive the highest risk-adjusted returns on their investments, and borrowers minimize the costs of raising capital. With an …
Market Efficiency and Rationality: Why Financial Markets are …
Oct 12, 2010 · Financial Markets: Efficiency, Stability and Income Distribution London School of Economics 12 October 2010 Adair Turner Lionel Robbins Memorial Lectures Economics after …
REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN FINANCIAL …
Through a comprehensive analysis of regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, and emerging trends, this paper offers insights into addressing regulatory challenges in financial …
EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL REGULATION …
Financial markets are vital components of modern economies, facilitating the efficient allocation of capital, enabling economic growth, and providing opportunities for investors and participants to …
The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets
Financial markets facilitate the transfer of funds from savers to borrowers, enhancing economic efficiency. They play a crucial role in promoting growth and affect wealth, consumption, and …
The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets
Introduces the impact of financial markets and institutions on daily life and emphasizes their importance in understanding economic issues. Importance of Financial Markets Highlights how …
