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| dollar to shekel history: A History of Israel Howard Morley Sachar, 1988 A sequel to Howard Sachar's classic History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, which Commentary called monumental...a triumph of comprehensive scholarship which is also a delight to read, this book offers an equally compelling and powerful narrative and a wealth of human detail. The second volume begins where its predecessor left off, tracing the political, social, and economic growth of the Israeli republic from the traumatic aftermath of the Yom Kippur War in 1973 through the Begin and Peres eras. With lucidity and incisiveness, Sachar presents the fascinating saga of the ethnic revolution that brought Menachem Begin to power; the social upheavals that have shaken the Arab population of the West Bank; the growth of Palestinian terrorism and of incipient Jewish vigilantism; and the clandestine dialogue between Israel's and Lebanon's political leaders that culminated in Ariel Sharon's ill-starred 1982 military invasion. Since the Yom Kippur War, Israel's history has consisted of stark contrasts between dramatic military strikes abroad--Entebbe, Baghdad, Tunis among them--and confusion and violent confrontation at home over such issues as the settlement of the occupied Arab territories and religious extremism. Covering all the dramatic milestones since the mid-seventies, Sachar explores Israel's current malaise and the extent to which the fate of the Jewish nation rests on the foreign and economic strategies of the Great Powers. Both a compelling story and a penetrating analysis of Israel's current difficulties and achievements, this volume stands as a brilliant successor to a book critics and scholars have recognized as the definitive work in the field. |
| dollar to shekel history: Living History: A Memoir Chaim Herzog, 2019-08-16 In this at times startlingly candid memoir, Chaim Herzog reviews an extraordinary life. Born in Belfast in 1918 to a Latvian mother and a Polish father who was chief rabbi of Ireland, Chaim Herzog moved with his family to Palestine in 1935 and at 16 joined the Haganah, the underground resistance led by David Ben-Gurion. He joined the British army as soon as Britain declared war on Hitler, and was part of the first Allied formation to cross into Germany, where he subsequently witnessed the horrors of the newly liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. He fought in Israel’s war for independence, and as director of Israel’s military intelligence molded it into one of the best organizations of its kind. As President of Israel (1983-93) Herzog helped shape Israel’s response to growing unemployment and drug use, the intifada, the Gulf War and Iraqi Scud missile attacks. Sprinkled with his brutally frank assessments of Golda Meir, Shimon Peres, Moshe Dayan, Kurt Waldheim, Reagan, Arafat and others, his memoir ends on an optimistic note, envisaging a genuine Middle East peace that could facilitate joint Israel-Arab economic and technical cooperation. “Mr. Herzog appears to have done everything and been everywhere since he came of age just before the onset of World War II... a book that is a heady mix of the public and private.” — Robert Leiter, The New York Times “One of Israel’s leading soldier-statesmen-diplomats, Chaim Herzog has written a lively account of his long life in politics.” — William B. Quandt, Foreign Affairs “President Herzog is a lion statesman in a world of mice. Israel was born in war, and its political elite sometimes seems to resemble a warrior class. But there has always been a need for leadership in Israel that looks beyond the immediate issues of security and territorial advantage, of war and peace. President Herzog... has filled that need.” — The Times (London) “Herzog invites us to live his extraordinary history with him in this lucid, elegant, and immensely human memoir. A good read about pivotal periods in modern life.” —George P. Shultz “A witty and fascinating memoir by one of this century’s great Irishmen. Chaim Herzog has made historic contributions as a warrior, diplomat, and statesman. He writes with the same vitality that he brought to each of his previous careers.” — Daniel Patrick Moynihan |
| dollar to shekel history: A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation John Ramsay McCulloch, 1869 |
| dollar to shekel history: Palestine and Jewish History Jonathan Boyarin, 1996-01-01 This book enacts rather than reports on Boyarin's process or error, pain, impatience, uncertainty, discovery, embarrassment, self-criticism, intellectual struggle, and dawning awareness, challenging and engaging us in the process of discovery. |
| dollar to shekel history: American Journal of Numismatics Frank Henry Norton, Charles Edward Anthon, William Sumner Appleton, Samuel Abbott Green, Jeremiah Colburn, William Theophilus Rogers Marvin, 1866 |
| dollar to shekel history: History of Monetary Systems Alexander Del Mar, 1895 |
| dollar to shekel history: Illustrated History of the United States Mint George Greenlief Evans, 1892 |
| dollar to shekel history: History of Monetary Systems: Record of Actual Experiments in Money Made by Various States of the Ancient and Modern World, as Drawn from Their Statutes, Customs, Treaties, Mining Regulations, Jurisprudence, History, Archæology, Coins, Nummulary Systems, and Other Sources of Information Alexander Del Mar, 1895 |
| dollar to shekel history: Historical Dictionary of Palestine Nafez Nazzal, Laila A. Nazzal, 1997 Focuses on people, events, factions, and institutions relating to the emergence of Palestine as an independent state during the 20th century, covering previous history only in that context, and omitting Palestinians living in Israel or in exile. Includes a series of maps illustrating the shifting boundaries, a chronology to October 1996, a historical introduction, an extensive but unannotated bibliography, and the texts of the Declaration of Independence and Declaration of Principles. Well cross-referenced, but not indexed. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| dollar to shekel history: American Journal of Numismatics , 1903 |
| dollar to shekel history: The Historical Magazine, and Notes and Queries Concerning the Antiquities, History, and Biography of America , 1867 |
| dollar to shekel history: the historical magazine and notes and queries concerning the antiques, history and biography of america vol. 1 second series , 1867 |
| dollar to shekel history: Israel Post Report , 1985 |
| dollar to shekel history: The Historical Magazine and Notes and Queries Concerning the Antiquities, History and Biography of America John Ward Dean, George Folsom, John Gilmary Shea, Henry Reed Stiles, Henry Barton Dawson, 1867 |
| dollar to shekel history: The Historical Magazine John Ward Dean, George Folsom, John Gilmary Shea, Henry Reed Stiles, Henry Barton Dawson, 1867 |
| dollar to shekel history: A History of Israel: From the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War Howard Morley Sachar, 1976 A comprehensive history of Israel from the rise of Jewish nationalism in the early 1800's until the aftermath of the Yom Kippur war in the late 1970's. the book presents a detailed factual history of Zionism. |
| dollar to shekel history: Post Report , 1985 Series of pamphlets on countries of the world; revisions issued. |
| dollar to shekel history: 2012 Gold's History Solves Mankind's Mystery Michael Brumfield, Mike Brumfield, 2005-06 A fascinating story of two men researching the origins of religion. Their journey takes them down THE ROAD of shocking scientific discoveries in our ancient past. Primitive mans heaven is irrefutably up in all religions and yet Michael's buddy remains steadfast in his belief of a spirit world. However, Michael sees the matching evidence provided by science today. We are going up, need gold to do it, and last but not least, are creating robots to assist us with the obivious. He presents the evidence to prove religions story is todays science. Up and space is religions heaven and our logical goal in achieving the immortality of our own species. We have come full circle. Religion matches todays science. What they look like and why they stay away is the climax of his research..Religions universal up theme proves space is inhabitated by flesh and blood scientific beings. We are going up/space the final frontier. |
| dollar to shekel history: The Banknote Book Owen W. Linzmayer, 2014 Volume 1: Abyssinia French Sudan |
| dollar to shekel history: A History of Money in Ancient Countries from the Earliest Times to the Present Del Mar, 1885 |
| dollar to shekel history: American Journal of Numismatics and Bulletin of the American Numismatic and Archŏlogical Society , 1874 |
| dollar to shekel history: A Dictionary Practical, Theoretical, and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation by the Late J. R. M'Culloch John Ramsay McCulloch, 1871 |
| dollar to shekel history: History of the Persian Empire A. T. Olmstead, 2022-08-29 Out of a lifetime of study of the ancient Near East, Professor Olmstead has gathered previously unknown material into the story of the life, times, and thought of the Persians, told for the first time from the Persian rather than the traditional Greek point of view. The fullest and most reliable presentation of the history of the Persian Empire in existence.—M. Rostovtzeff |
| dollar to shekel history: Gold: How it Shaped History Alan Ereira, 2024-11-30 Gold is not what we think. It is usually discussed in the context of wealth and art but this book has a broader subject, so fundamental that it has been largely unremarked. Informed by a mass of recent discoveries and a South American indigenous perspective, it offers a new way of understanding the history of civilization. Gold has been coinage, treasure and adornment. But it has been much more, as the hidden driver of wars and revolutions, the rise and fall of empires and the transformation of societies. As the sun traveled east to west across the sky, gold, incorruptible and corrupting, flowed west to east, hand to hand across the world. That flow has brought empires to grow and collapse and driven plunder, conquest and colonization. It brought about wars and revolutions, empowered new forms of arts and science and created the capitalist consumer economy that dominates us now. All the gold people ever shaped still exists, shining as new; it can be mislaid but never decays. Right from its first appearance on the west shore of the Black Sea, long before the rise of Egypt and Mesopotamia, gold crowned the first proto-king. Ever since, it has been regarded as value incarnate with transcendental power. The quantity we take has been increasing steadily for 6,500 years. Now extraction accelerates. Our gold mountain has doubled in the last fifty years. Yet its price increases faster. While the quantity doubled, its buying power multiplied by six. What does gold do that makes us want it so much? As Alan Ereira reveals in this skilfully woven narrative, gold is the hidden actor that shapes our story. |
| dollar to shekel history: The Euro as a Stabilizer in the International Economic System Robert A. Mundell, Armand Clesse, 2012-12-06 The introduction of the euro was an important event for the world economy and the international political system. For the first time in history, a substantial group of European countries-eleven of the fifteen members of the European Union including three members of the G-7-have voluntarily agreed to replace their national currencies with a single currency. The euro area has already become established as the second largest currency area in the world and will therefore become a major player in the international monetary system. The creation of the euro poses a number of interesting questions. Will the euro be a strong or a weak currency? Will the euro challenge the leading position hitherto held by the United States dollar and would sharing of the burdens and advantages of reserve currency status improve or worsen the stability of the international monetary system? How will the euro affect US relations with Europe? Does the formation of the euro intensify European integration in other fields? Is a bi-polar international monetary system viable? These and other issues motivated the Luxembourg Institute for European and International Studies and the Pierre Werner Foundation to organize an international conference in Luxembourg on December 3-4, 1998, on the eve of the birth of the euro. At the outset we were aware that the issue of the euro went far beyond pure economics. Money, after all, is too important a subject to be left to economists. |
| dollar to shekel history: The New Economic Disorder Larry Bates, 2008 Author reveals the five powerful, dangerous, and unstoppable forces that are causing [the serious economic problems we face]--Cover. |
| dollar to shekel history: Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary Christian Kay, 2009-10-22 A 40-year project in the making, the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary covers more than 920,000 words and meanings based on the Oxford English Dictionary. |
| dollar to shekel history: The Bankers Monthly , 1921 |
| dollar to shekel history: Money and the Mechanism of Exchange William Stanley Jevons, 1877 |
| dollar to shekel history: America's King. He Costs the People Five Million Dollars a Day ... Hard Facts about Hard Times and Their Cause Edwin Kirkman Hart, 1898 |
| dollar to shekel history: Numismatist and Year Book , 1899 Vols. 24-52 include the proceedings of the A.N.A. convention. 1911-39. |
| dollar to shekel history: The Payment Order of Antiquity and the Middle Ages Benjamin Geva, 2011-11-01 Examining the legal history of the order to pay money initiating a funds transfer, the author tracks basic principles of modern law to those that governed the payment order of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Exploring the legal nature of the payment order and its underpinning in light of contemporary institutions and payment mechanisms, the book traces the evolution of money, payment mechanisms and the law that governs them, from developments in Ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece, Rome, and Greco-Roman Egypt, through medieval Europe and post-medieval England. Doctrine is examined in Jewish, Islamic, Roman, common and civil laws. Investigating such diverse legal systems and doctrines at the intersection of laws governing bank deposits, obligations, the assignment of debts, and negotiable instruments, the author identifies the common denominator for the evolving legal principles and speculates on possible reciprocity. At the same time he challenges the idea of 'law merchant' as a mercantile creation. The book provides an account of the evolution of payment law as a distinct cohesive body of legal doctrine applicable to funds transfers. It shows how principles of law developed in tandem with the evolution of banking and in response to changing circumstances and proposes a redefinition of 'law merchant'. The author points to deposit banking and emerging technologies as embodying a great potential for future non-cash payment system growth. However, he recommends caution in predicting both the future of deposit banking and the overall impact of technology. At the same time he expresses confidence in the durability of legal doctrine to continue to evolve and accommodate future payment system developments. |
| dollar to shekel history: Congress Weekly , 1956 |
| dollar to shekel history: A History of the Monetary Systems of France, and Other European States Alexander Del Mar, 1903 |
| dollar to shekel history: Northern Freemason , 1906 |
| dollar to shekel history: A Dictionary of the English Language; Intended to Exhibit I. the Origin and the Affinities of Every English Word ... to which are Prefixed an Introductory Dissertation on the Origin, History and Connection of the Languages of Western Asia and of Europe; and a Concise Grammar, Philosophical and Practical of the English Language Noah Webster, 1832 |
| dollar to shekel history: The National Jewish Monthly , 1954 |
| dollar to shekel history: The World Book Encyclopedia , 1994 An encyclopedia designed especially to meet the needs of elementary, junior high, and senior high school students. |
| dollar to shekel history: Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, with Reference History , 1957 |
| dollar to shekel history: American Journal of Numismatics, and Bulletin of American Numismatic and Archæological Societies , 1883 |
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The United States dollar (symbol: $; currency code: USD [a]) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introduced the U.S. dollar at par …
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