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| double blind study psychology: Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Sam Goldstein, Jack A. Naglieri, 2010-11-23 This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks. |
| double blind study psychology: Small Clinical Trials Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Strategies for Small-Number-Participant Clinical Research Trials, 2001-01-01 Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a large trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement. |
| double blind study psychology: Good Research Practice in Non-Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedicine Anton Bespalov, Martin C. Michel, Thomas Steckler, 2020-01-01 This open access book, published under a CC BY 4.0 license in the Pubmed indexed book series Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, provides up-to-date information on best practice to improve experimental design and quality of research in non-clinical pharmacology and biomedicine. |
| double blind study psychology: The Limits of Biological Treatments for Psychological Distress Seymour Fisher, Roger P. Greenberg, 2013-05-13 Broadly scanning the biologically oriented treatments for psychological disorders in 20th century psychiatry, the authors raise serious questions about the efficacy of the somatic treatments for psychological distress and challenge the widespread preference for biologically based treatments as the treatments of choice. For graduate and undergraduate courses in clinical, social, and health psychology, behavioral medicine, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. psychopharmacology, psychiatry, and clinical social work. |
| double blind study psychology: Talking Cures and Placebo Effects David A. Jopling, 2008-05-29 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis have had to defend themselves from a barrage of criticisms throughout their history. In this book David Jopling argues that the changes achieved through therapy are really just functions of placebos that rally the mind's native healing powers. It is a bold new work that delivers yet another blow to Freud and his followers. |
| double blind study psychology: Double Blind Edward St. Aubyn, 2021-06-01 Double Blind follows three close friends and their circle through a year of extraordinary transformation. Set inLondon, Cap d'Antibes, Big Sur, and a rewilded corner of Sussex, this thrilling, ambitious novel is about the headlong pursuit of knowledge—for the purposes of pleasure, revelation, money, sanity, or survival—and the consequences of fleeing from what we know about others and ourselves. When Olivia meets a new lover just as she is welcoming her best friend, Lucy, back from New York, her dedicated academic life expands precipitously. Her connection to Francis, a committed naturalist living off the grid, is immediate and startling. Eager to involve Lucy in her joy, Olivia introduces the two—but Lucy has received shocking news of her own that binds the trio unusually close. Over the months that follow, Lucy’s boss, Hunter, Olivia’s psychoanalyst parents, and a young man named Sebastian are pulled into the friends’ orbit, and not one of them will emerge unchanged. Expansive, playful, and compassionate, Edward St. Aubyn's Double Blind investigates themes of inheritance, determinism, freedom, consciousness, and the stories we tell about ourselves. It is as compelling about ecology, psychoanalysis, genetics, and neuroscience as it is about love, fear, and courage. Most of all, it is a perfect expression of the interconnections it sets out to examine, and a moving evocation of an imagined world that is deeply intelligent, often tender, curious, and very much alive. |
| double blind study psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Research Strategies for Clinical Psychology Jonathan S. Comer, Philip C. Kendall, 2013-05-09 The Oxford Handbook of Research Strategies for Clinical Psychology has recruited some of the field's foremost experts to explicate the essential research strategies currently used across the modern clinical psychology landscape that maximize both scientific rigor and clinical relevance. |
| double blind study psychology: Encyclopedia of Research Design Neil J. Salkind, 2010-06-22 Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. It covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research; it addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences; it provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies; and it uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases.--Publisher's description. |
| double blind study psychology: Introductory Business Statistics 2e Alexander Holmes, Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean, 2023-12-13 Introductory Business Statistics 2e aligns with the topics and objectives of the typical one-semester statistics course for business, economics, and related majors. The text provides detailed and supportive explanations and extensive step-by-step walkthroughs. The author places a significant emphasis on the development and practical application of formulas so that students have a deeper understanding of their interpretation and application of data. Problems and exercises are largely centered on business topics, though other applications are provided in order to increase relevance and showcase the critical role of statistics in a number of fields and real-world contexts. The second edition retains the organization of the original text. Based on extensive feedback from adopters and students, the revision focused on improving currency and relevance, particularly in examples and problems. This is an adaptation of Introductory Business Statistics 2e by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
| double blind study psychology: Beyond Common Sense Eugene Borgida, Susan T. Fiske, 2008-04-30 Beyond Common Sense addresses the many important and controversial issues that arise from the use of psychological and social science in the courtroom. Each chapter identifies areas of scientific agreement and disagreement, and discusses how psychological science advances our understanding of human behavior beyond common sense. Features original chapters written by some of the leading experts in the field of psychology and law including Elizabeth Loftus, Saul Kassin, Faye Crosby, Alice Eagly, Gary Wells, Louise Fitzgerald, Craig Anderson, and Phoebe Ellsworth The 14 issues addressed include eyewitness identification, gender stereotypes, repressed memories, Affirmative Action and the death penalty Commentaries written by leading social science and law scholars discuss key legal and scientific themes that emerge from the science chapters and illustrate how psychological science is or can be used in the courts |
| double blind study psychology: Identifying the Culprit National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Justice, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Science, Technology, and Law, Committee on Scientific Approaches to Understanding and Maximizing the Validity and Reliability of Eyewitness Identification in Law Enforcement and the Courts, 2015-01-16 Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda. |
| double blind study psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology David H. Barlow, 2014 The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology synthesizes a half-century of clinical psychology literature in one extraordinary volume. Comprising chapters from the foremost scholars in the field, this handbook provides even and authoritative coverage of the research, practice, and policy factors that combine to form today's clinical psychology landscape. It is a landmark publication that is sure to serve as the field's benchmark reference publication for years to come. |
| double blind study psychology: Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials Mark Elwood, 2007-02-22 This book presents a logical system of critical appraisal, to allow readers to evaluate studies and to carry out their own studies more effectively. This system emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. Its great strength is that it is applicable to a wide range of issues, and both to intervention trials and observational studies. This system unifies the often different approaches used in epidemiology, health services research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine, starting from a logical consideration of cause and effect. The author's approach to the issues of study design, selection of subjects, bias, confounding, and the place of statistical methods has been praised for its clarity and interest. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the applications of this logic to evidence-based medicine, knowledge-based health care, and health practice and policy are discussed. Current and often controversial examples are used, including screening for prostate cancer, publication bias in psychiatry, public health issues in developing countries, and conflicts between observational studies and randomized trials. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix. The final chapters give six applications of the critical appraisal of major studies: randomized trials of medical treatment and prevention, a prospective and a retrospective cohort study, a small matched case-control study, and a large case-control study. In these chapters, sections of the original papers are reproduced and the original studies placed in context by a summary of current developments. |
| double blind study psychology: Reproducibility and Replicability in Science National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy, Board on Research Data and Information, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science, 2019-10-20 One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science. |
| double blind study psychology: Behavioral Clinical Trials for Chronic Diseases Lynda H. Powell, Kenneth E. Freedland, Peter G. Kaufmann, 2021-10-13 This is the first comprehensive guide to the design of behavioral randomized clinical trials (RCT) for chronic diseases. It includes the scientific foundations for behavioral trial methods, problems that have been encountered in past behavioral trials, advances in design that have evolved, and promising trends and opportunities for the future. The value of this book lies in its potential to foster an ability to “speak the language of medicine” through the conduct of high-quality behavioral clinical trials that match the rigor commonly seen in double-blind drug trials. It is relevant for testing any treatment aimed at improving a behavioral, social, psychosocial, environmental, or policy-level risk factor for a chronic disease including, for example, obesity, sedentary behavior, adherence to treatment, psychosocial stress, food deserts, and fragmented care. Outcomes of interest are those that are of clinical significance in the treatment of chronic diseases, including standard risk factors such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose, and clinical outcomes such as hospitalizations, functional limitations, excess morbidity, quality of life, and mortality. This link between behavior and chronic disease requires innovative clinical trial methods not only from the behavioral sciences but also from medicine, epidemiology, and biostatistics. This integration does not exist in any current book, or in any training program, in either the behavioral sciences or medicine. |
| double blind study psychology: Field Trials of Health Interventions Peter G. Smith, Richard H. Morrow, David A. Ross, 2015 This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing. |
| double blind study psychology: Research Methods in Human Development Paul C. Cozby, Patricia E. Worden, Daniel W. Kee, 1989 For undergradute social science majors. A textbook on the interpretation and use of research. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or. |
| double blind study psychology: Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Public Health Approaches to Reduce Vision Impairment and Promote Eye Health, 2017-01-15 The ability to see deeply affects how human beings perceive and interpret the world around them. For most people, eyesight is part of everyday communication, social activities, educational and professional pursuits, the care of others, and the maintenance of personal health, independence, and mobility. Functioning eyes and vision system can reduce an adult's risk of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, social isolation, depression, and other psychological problems. In children, properly maintained eye and vision health contributes to a child's social development, academic achievement, and better health across the lifespan. The public generally recognizes its reliance on sight and fears its loss, but emphasis on eye and vision health, in general, has not been integrated into daily life to the same extent as other health promotion activities, such as teeth brushing; hand washing; physical and mental exercise; and various injury prevention behaviors. A larger population health approach is needed to engage a wide range of stakeholders in coordinated efforts that can sustain the scope of behavior change. The shaping of socioeconomic environments can eventually lead to new social norms that promote eye and vision health. Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow proposes a new population-centered framework to guide action and coordination among various, and sometimes competing, stakeholders in pursuit of improved eye and vision health and health equity in the United States. Building on the momentum of previous public health efforts, this report also introduces a model for action that highlights different levels of prevention activities across a range of stakeholders and provides specific examples of how population health strategies can be translated into cohesive areas for action at federal, state, and local levels. |
| double blind study psychology: Pitfalls in Human Research Theodore Xenophon Barber, 1976 Psychologische Forschung. |
| double blind study psychology: Visualizing Psychology Siri Carpenter, Karen R. Huffman, 2013-01-01 This text is an unbound, binder-ready edition. Visualizing Psychology, Third Edition helps students examine their own personal studying and learning styles with several new pedagogical aids--encouraging students to apply what they are learning to their everyday lives while offering ongoing study tips and psychological techniques for mastering the material. Most importantly, students are provided with numerous opportunities to immediately access their understanding. |
| double blind study psychology: How to Study Psychology Warren Davies, 2013 Studying psychology is a skill that can be learned. In this unique and practical how to guide, Warren Davies offers some simple techniques that will enable students to keep information in, organise their workload, and be more productive. |
| double blind study psychology: The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda, 2017-03-31 Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk. However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively. Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agendaâ€outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issuesâ€that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs. |
| double blind study psychology: Convicting the Innocent Brandon L. Garrett, 2011-08-04 On January 20, 1984, Earl Washington—defended for all of forty minutes by a lawyer who had never tried a death penalty case—was found guilty of rape and murder in the state of Virginia and sentenced to death. After nine years on death row, DNA testing cast doubt on his conviction and saved his life. However, he spent another eight years in prison before more sophisticated DNA technology proved his innocence and convicted the guilty man. DNA exonerations have shattered confidence in the criminal justice system by exposing how often we have convicted the innocent and let the guilty walk free. In this unsettling in-depth analysis, Brandon Garrett examines what went wrong in the cases of the first 250 wrongfully convicted people to be exonerated by DNA testing. Based on trial transcripts, Garrett’s investigation into the causes of wrongful convictions reveals larger patterns of incompetence, abuse, and error. Evidence corrupted by suggestive eyewitness procedures, coercive interrogations, unsound and unreliable forensics, shoddy investigative practices, cognitive bias, and poor lawyering illustrates the weaknesses built into our current criminal justice system. Garrett proposes practical reforms that rely more on documented, recorded, and audited evidence, and less on fallible human memory. Very few crimes committed in the United States involve biological evidence that can be tested using DNA. How many unjust convictions are there that we will never discover? Convicting the Innocent makes a powerful case for systemic reforms to improve the accuracy of all criminal cases. |
| double blind study psychology: Food Components to Enhance Performance Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee on Military Nutrition Research, 1994-02-01 The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€among othersâ€experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting. |
| double blind study psychology: The Double-bind Dilemma for Women in Leadership , 2007 |
| double blind study psychology: Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology Bernard C. Beins, Maureen A. McCarthy, 2018-12-13 This seamless introduction to statistics and research methods identifies various research areas and analyzes how one approaches them statistically. |
| double blind study psychology: Blinding as a Solution to Bias Christopher T Robertson, Aaron S Kesselheim, 2016-01-30 What information should jurors have during court proceedings to render a just decision? Should politicians know who is donating money to their campaigns? Will scientists draw biased conclusions about drug efficacy when they know more about the patient or study population? The potential for bias in decision-making by physicians, lawyers, politicians, and scientists has been recognized for hundreds of years and drawn attention from media and scholars seeking to understand the role that conflicts of interests and other psychological processes play. However, commonly proposed solutions to biased decision-making, such as transparency (disclosing conflicts) or exclusion (avoiding conflicts) do not directly solve the underlying problem of bias and may have unintended consequences. Robertson and Kesselheim bring together a renowned group of interdisciplinary scholars to consider another way to reduce the risk of biased decision-making: blinding. What are the advantages and limitations of blinding? How can we quantify the biases in unblinded research? Can we develop new ways to blind decision-makers? What are the ethical problems with withholding information from decision-makers in the course of blinding? How can blinding be adapted to legal and scientific procedures and in institutions not previously open to this approach? Fundamentally, these sorts of questions—about who needs to know what—open new doors of inquiry for the design of scientific research studies, regulatory institutions, and courts. The volume surveys the theory, practice, and future of blinding, drawing upon leading authors with a diverse range of methodologies and areas of expertise, including forensic sciences, medicine, law, philosophy, economics, psychology, sociology, and statistics. - Introduces readers to the primary policy issue this book seeks to address: biased decision-making. - Provides a focus on blinding as a solution to bias, which has applicability in many domains. - Traces the development of blinding as a solution to bias, and explores the different ways blinding has been employed. - Includes case studies to explore particular uses of blinding for statisticians, radiologists, and fingerprint examiners, and whether the jurors and judges who rely upon them will value and understand blinding. |
| double blind study psychology: Doing Psychology Experiments David W. Martin, 2000 Even if you have no background in experimentation, this clear, straightforward book can help you design, execute, interpret, and report simple experiments in psychology. David W. Martin's unique blend of informality, humor, and solid scholarship have made this concise book a popular choice for methods courses in psychology. Doing Psychology Experiments guides you through the experimentation process in an easy-to-follow, step-by-step manner. Decision-making aspects of research are emphasized, and the logic behind research procedures is fully explained. |
| double blind study psychology: Psychology Richard A. Griggs, 2008-02-15 The updated 2nd edition of this brief introduction to Psychology, is more accessible and ideal for short courses. This is a brief, accessible introductory psychology textbook. The updated 2nd edition of this clear and brief introduction to Psychology is written by the award-winning lecturer and author Richard Griggs. The text is written in an engaging style and presents a selection of carefully chosen core concepts in psychology, providing solid topical coverage without drowning the student in a sea of details. |
| double blind study psychology: The Making of Blind Men Robert A. Scott, 2017-09-08 The disability of blindness is a learned social role. The various attitudes and patterns of behavior that characterize people who are blind are not inherent in their condition but, rather, are acquired through ordinary processes of social learning. The Making of Blind Men is intended as a systematic and integrated overview of the blindness problem in America. Dr. Scott chronicles which aspects of this problem are being dealt with by organizations for the blind and the effectiveness of this intervention system. He details the potential consequences of blind people becoming clients of blindness agencies by pointing out that many of the attitudes, behavior patterns, and qualities of character that have been assumed to be given to blind people by their condition are, in fact, products of socialization. As the self-concepts of blind men are generated by the same processes of socialization that shape us all, Dr. Scott puts forth the challenge of reforming the organized intervention system by critically evaluating the validity of blindness workers' assumptions about blindness and the blind. It is felt that an enlightened work force can then render the socialization process of the blind into a rational and deliberate force for positive change. |
| double blind study psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Spirituality Lisa J. Miller, 2024-02-06 This updated edition of The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Spirituality codifies the leading empirical evidence in the support and application of postmaterial psychological science. Lisa J. Miller has gathered together a group of ground-breaking scholars to showcase their work of many decades that has come further to fruition in the past ten years with the collective momentum of a Spiritual Renaissance in Psychological Science. With new and updated chapters from leading scholars in psychology, medicine, physics, and biology, the Handbook is an interdisciplinary reference for a rapidly emerging approach to contemporary science. Highlighting fresh ideas and supporting science, this overarching work provides both a foundation and a roadmap for what is truly a new ideological age. |
| double blind study psychology: Blindspot Mahzarin R. Banaji, Anthony G. Greenwald, 2016-08-16 “Accessible and authoritative . . . While we may not have much power to eradicate our own prejudices, we can counteract them. The first step is to turn a hidden bias into a visible one. . . . What if we’re not the magnanimous people we think we are?”—The Washington Post I know my own mind. I am able to assess others in a fair and accurate way. These self-perceptions are challenged by leading psychologists Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony G. Greenwald as they explore the hidden biases we all carry from a lifetime of exposure to cultural attitudes about age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, social class, sexuality, disability status, and nationality. “Blindspot” is the authors’ metaphor for the portion of the mind that houses hidden biases. Writing with simplicity and verve, Banaji and Greenwald question the extent to which our perceptions of social groups—without our awareness or conscious control—shape our likes and dislikes and our judgments about people’s character, abilities, and potential. In Blindspot, the authors reveal hidden biases based on their experience with the Implicit Association Test, a method that has revolutionized the way scientists learn about the human mind and that gives us a glimpse into what lies within the metaphoric blindspot. The title’s “good people” are those of us who strive to align our behavior with our intentions. The aim of Blindspot is to explain the science in plain enough language to help well-intentioned people achieve that alignment. By gaining awareness, we can adapt beliefs and behavior and “outsmart the machine” in our heads so we can be fairer to those around us. Venturing into this book is an invitation to understand our own minds. Brilliant, authoritative, and utterly accessible, Blindspot is a book that will challenge and change readers for years to come. Praise for Blindspot “Conversational . . . easy to read, and best of all, it has the potential, at least, to change the way you think about yourself.”—Leonard Mlodinow, The New York Review of Books “Banaji and Greenwald deserve a major award for writing such a lively and engaging book that conveys an important message: Mental processes that we are not aware of can affect what we think and what we do. Blindspot is one of the most illuminating books ever written on this topic.”—Elizabeth F. Loftus, Ph.D., distinguished professor, University of California, Irvine; past president, Association for Psychological Science; author of Eyewitness Testimony |
| double blind study psychology: Ebook: The Science of Psychology: An Appreciative View King, 2016-09-16 Ebook: The Science of Psychology: An Appreciative View |
| double blind study psychology: The Invisible Gorilla Christopher Chabris, Daniel Simons, 2011-06-07 Reading this book will make you less sure of yourself—and that’s a good thing. In The Invisible Gorilla, Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons, creators of one of psychology’s most famous experiments, use remarkable stories and counterintuitive scientific findings to demonstrate an important truth: Our minds don’t work the way we think they do. We think we see ourselves and the world as they really are, but we’re actually missing a whole lot. Chabris and Simons combine the work of other researchers with their own findings on attention, perception, memory, and reasoning to reveal how faulty intuitions often get us into trouble. In the process, they explain: • Why a company would spend billions to launch a product that its own analysts know will fail • How a police officer could run right past a brutal assault without seeing it • Why award-winning movies are full of editing mistakes • What criminals have in common with chess masters • Why measles and other childhood diseases are making a comeback • Why money managers could learn a lot from weather forecasters Again and again, we think we experience and understand the world as it is, but our thoughts are beset by everyday illusions. We write traffic laws and build criminal cases on the assumption that people will notice when something unusual happens right in front of them. We’re sure we know where we were on 9/11, falsely believing that vivid memories are seared into our minds with perfect fidelity. And as a society, we spend billions on devices to train our brains because we’re continually tempted by the lure of quick fixes and effortless self-improvement. The Invisible Gorilla reveals the myriad ways that our intuitions can deceive us, but it’s much more than a catalog of human failings. Chabris and Simons explain why we succumb to these everyday illusions and what we can do to inoculate ourselves against their effects. Ultimately, the book provides a kind of x-ray vision into our own minds, making it possible to pierce the veil of illusions that clouds our thoughts and to think clearly for perhaps the first time. |
| double blind study psychology: Research Design in Clinical Psychology Alan E. Kazdin, 2021-08-05 A thorough guide to research design from a world-renowned clinical and child psychologist. |
| double blind study psychology: Psychology and the Challenges of Life Spencer A. Rathus, Jeffrey S. Nevid, 2019-10-28 In the 14th edition of this market leading title, Psychology and the Challenges of Life: Adjustment and Growth, authors Spencer Rathus and Jeffrey Nevid continue to reflect on the many ways in which psychology relates to the lives we live and the important roles that psychology can play in helping us adjust to the many challenges we face in our daily lives. Throughout the text, the authors explore applications of psychological concepts and principles in meeting life challenges such as managing time, developing self-identity, building and maintaining relationships, adopting healthier lifestyles, coping with stress, and dealing with emotional problems and psychological disorders. The new edition has been thoroughly updated to meet the needs and concerns of a new generation of students. It provides additional information on psychology in the digital age, social media, the current Opioid crisis, as well as offering greater coverage of matters concerning sexuality and gender, and sexual orientation. |
| double blind study psychology: Health Psychology Margaret Snooks, 2009 This new and engaging text provides students with the latest research, theories, and skills to examine their health-related behaviors and attitudes. Emphasizing the biopsychosocial model, Health Psychology examines how biological, psychological, and social-cultural perspectives influence an individual’s overall health, and guides students through common health psychology topics, such as the rehabilitation of the sick and injured, how emotions cause change in the body’s biological system, the effects of stress on health, and much more. With its accessible writing style and numerous real-world examples, the text motivates students to make positive changes that are based on current health research. |
| double blind study psychology: Research in Psychology Kerri A. Goodwin, C. James Goodwin, 2016-12-08 An approachable, coherent, and important text, Research in Psychology: Methods and Design, 8th Edition continues to provide its readers with a clear, concise look at psychological science, experimental methods, and correlational research in this newly updated version. Rounded out with helpful learning aids, step-by-step instructions, and detailed examples of real research studies makes the material easy to read and student-friendly. |
| double blind study psychology: Research Methods in Psychology Glynis M Breakwell, Daniel B. Wright, Julie Barnett, 2020-10-05 The world of Research Methods is always changing and becoming ever more complex. Now completely up to date with the latest innovations, this book engages with recent controversies to give you the best start with your research. In each chapter you will find: · Key concept boxes to help you stay on track and focus on what’s most important · Real life examples which make the theory easier to understand · Exercises to check you’ve understood the chapter · Questions to help you develop your critical thinking. Also available online are: · Multiple choice questions to test your understanding · Datasets to allow you to practice your skills · A flashcard glossary to help with revision. Offering a complete package to anyone taking a research methods course as part of their degree. |
| double blind study psychology: Exploring Psychology, Eighth Edition, In Modules David G. Myers, 2010-07-08 Exploring Psychology, Eighth Edition in Modules is the modular version of the #1 bestselling brief introduction to psychology: David Myers’s Exploring Psychology. All the Myers hallmarks are here–the captivating writing, coverage based on the latest research, helpful pedagogical support—in a format that delivers the utmost in student accessibility and teaching flexibility. |
Breaking the Cycle of Mistrust: Wise Interventions to Provide …
Aug 12, 2013 · Three double-blind randomized field experiments examined the effects of a strategy to restore trust on minority adolescents’ responses to critical feedback.
The Efficacy of A Nootropic Supplement on Information …
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a nootropic, Mind Lab Pro, on the performance of simple reaction time (SRT), choice reaction time (CRT) and anticipation, in a …
The Effects of Double-Blind versus Single-Blind Reviewing
single-blind and double-blind papers. Most strikingly, double-blind papers have a lower acceptance rate and lower referee evalua-tions. In addition, double-blind reviewing results in …
stimulation: a randomized double‑blind study - Nature
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have revealed the capability to augment various types of behavioural interventions. We aimed to augment the efects of mindfulness, suggested …
Single- Versus Double-Blind Reviewing: An Analysis of the …
In the following, we first define the various terms used in the literature. We then examine in some depth the general issues of fairness, review quality, and efficacy of blinding. As will be seen, in …
Limitations of the Double-Blind Pharmaceutical Study - PNI
double-blind studies are the standards by which drugs are approved. Indeed, within the United States, the FDA [Federal Drug Administration] generally requires two double-blind studies …
A Double-Blind Pilot Study of Transcranial Ultrasound (TUS) …
A Double-Blind Pilot Study of Transcranial Ultrasound (TUS) as a Five-Day Depression Intervention: TUS Reduces Worry Samantha Reznik & John J.B. Allen Department of …
Chapter 2 Psychological Research Methods and Statistics …
Survey Longitudinal study Cross -sectional study ... Single -blind experiment Double -blind experiment Placebo effect Statistics Descriptive statistics Frequency distribution Normal curve …
Double-blind, single-blind, observer-blind: - when and how
Blinding is highly recommended when outcome measures involve some subjectivity (e.g. pain, quality of life, psychological outcome, . . . ) and becomes less to reduce bias for objective …
Crash Course Psychology #2 Research & Experimentation
Crash Course Psychology #2—Research & Experimentation Answer the following questions from the video. 1. What is “Hindsight Bias”? 2. What is a psychological theory? 3. What is a …
Bulletproof Coffee and Cognition: A Double-blind, Placebo …
Studies have shown that caffeine is an indirect enhancer of cognitive functions such as memory, concentration, and mood. A new caffeine-based trend has emerged, claiming “massive impact …
Double Blind Study Psychology (2024) - staging …
and whether the jurors and judges who rely upon them will value and understand blinding A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Neuropsychological Study on the Effects of Suloctidil in the …
Are we blind to the limits of double-blind medical studies?
Are we blind to the limits of double-blind medical studies? Table 1: of blind studies Kinds of blind study. (Table 1) to make the patient better.
The benefit of minocycline on negative symptoms of …
To our knowledge, the BeneMin study is the largest double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of minocycline to date. It addresses the therapeutic potential of minocycline in recent-onset …
Effectiveness of Unproctored vs. Teacher-Proctored Exams in …
All four studies used a double-blind, randomized, controlled design. Before taking an exam, students were randomly assigned to take either an unproctored con-dition or a teacher …
A parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled …
This study examined the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (A CT) for self-stigma and shame in patients with treatment for substance user disorders.
Blinding in randomised trials: hiding who got what - The Lancet
Although double blinding (blinding investigators, participants, and outcome assessors) indicates a strong design, trials that are not double blinded should not automatically be deemed inferior. …
AP Psychology Research Terms - SCHOOLinSITES
13) Double-Blind Procedure- an experimental procedure in which the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the …
Debunking Myths and Misconceptions about Double-blind …
Double-blind studies are a cornerstone of scientific research, particularly in the fields of medicine and psychology. However, there are several myths and misconceptions surrounding these …
Double-Blind Experimental Study And Procedure Explained - Simply Psychology
Jul 31, 2023 · Double-blind studies are those in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. Double blinding prevents bias in …
Double-Blind Studies in Research - Verywell Mind
Apr 12, 2023 · In a double-blind study, participants and experimenters do not know who is receiving a particular treatment. Learn how this works and explore examples.
Double Blind Study (Definition - Practical Psychology
Oct 6, 2023 · What Is a Double-Blind Study? A double-blind study is an experiment where both researchers and participants are “blind to” the crucial aspects of the study, such as the …
Single, Double & Triple Blind Study | Definition & Examples
Jul 10, 2020 · In a single-blind study, only the participants are blinded. In a double-blind study, both participants and experimenters are blinded. In a triple-blind study, the assignment is …
What is a double blind study in psychology? - California …
Dec 20, 2024 · Double-blind studies are essential in psychology research to reduce biases and increase validity. There are different types of double-blind studies, each with its own benefits …
Double-Blind Procedure - A Simplified Psychology Guide
A double-blind procedure is a research method commonly used in scientific studies to minimize bias and increase the validity of the results obtained.
Double-Blind Procedure: Definition, Purpose, and Applications
Sep 14, 2024 · Explore the double-blind procedure in psychology, its purpose, applications, challenges, and best practices for enhancing research objectivity and validity.
Double Blind Study – Blinded Experiments - Science Notes and …
Jan 4, 2023 · In a double blind study, neither the researchers nor subjects know which group receives a treatment and which gets a placebo. Example: Drug Trial. Many drug trials are …
What is a Double-Blind Study in Psychology?
Mar 8, 2025 · A double-blind study is a type of research design where neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment. This helps to eliminate bias in …
What Is a Double-Blind Study? | Introduction & Examples - Scribbr
May 6, 2022 · In experimental research, subjects are randomly assigned to either a treatment or control group. A double-blind study withholds each subject’s group assignment from both the …
