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| dr riek machar education background: SPLM/SPLA , |
| dr riek machar education background: Emma's War Deborah Scroggins, 2002 The riveting, provocative true story of a young relief worker who crossed the line, entering a world she had only intended to help. illustrations. 1 map. |
| dr riek machar education background: Behind the Red Line Jemera Rone, Human Rights Watch/Africa, 1996 Arrest of Church Leaders |
| dr riek machar education background: Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights Jemera Rone, Human Rights Watch (Organization), 2003 For twenty years, southern Sudan has been the site of a tragic and brutal civil war, pitting the northern-based Arab and Islamic government against rebels in African marginalized areas, especially the south. More than two million people have died and four million have been displaced as a result. In 1999, anew element radically changed the war: Sudanese oil, located in the south, was firs exported by the central government. The human price of this bonanza is immeasurable. The government, using oil revenues and aided by co-opted southerners, rained a scorched earth campaign of mass displacement, bombing, and terror on the agro-pastoral southern civilians living in and near the oil zones. The displaced number in the hundreds of thousands. |
| dr riek machar education background: Integration and Fragmentation of the Sudan: an African Renaissance Mawut Achiecque Mach Guarak, 2011-02-21 The most comprehensive, profound, and accurate book ever written in the history of modern Sudan, Integration and Fragmentation of the Sudan: An African Renaissance, is an encyclopedia of ancient and modern history as well as the politics of Sudan. It is a library of data that discusses Sudan from its economic, political, and social standpoint since the Arab discovery and use of the term Bilad es Sudan up through the modern republic of the Sudan after which South and North Sudan collided in 1947. Although written to correct fabrications, this book is a foundation on which future Sudans shall live on. It is full of useful information that discusses and provides feasible solutions to the fundamental problem of the Sudan that ruptured the country from the Berlin Conference to the post-independence era. For centuries, Sudanese and the international community have been fed with idealistic information as if Sudan started with the coming of the Arabs in the fourteenth century. This persisted due to the lack of resources and formal education among African natives. Khartoums unreasonable diversion of genuine history is one among the many causes of mistrust and division in Sudan. The indigenous Africans found themselves peripheral to Khartoum where economic and political power is concentrated. Integration and fragmentation of Sudan: An African Renaissance is a great source of knowledge for the public and students of Sudanese politics. With the referendum and popular consultation approaching, this book is a head-start for the marginalized Black Africans to make an informed decision between oppression and liberty. Examples and testimonies provided in the text are reasons for the affected regions to permanently determine their future. For freedom diehards this book lays the foundation on which to celebrate the birth of Africas newest sovereign nation along the Nile River. |
| dr riek machar education background: Children in Sudan Jemera Rone, Human Rights Watch (Organization), 1995 Group and Individual Cases |
| dr riek machar education background: Civilian Devastation Jemera Rone, John Prendergast, Human Rights Watch (Organization), 1994 SPLA SPLIT IN 1991 |
| dr riek machar education background: John Garang & the Vision of New Sudan Roba Gibia, 2008 The objective of this new book is to tackle the crux of Dr. John Garang's vision of the new Sudan. Roba Gibia shows the power greed and inhumane behavior of the ruling elites in the central government are the causes to the marginalization, suffering, war, deaths and destruction of the majority of the Sudanese people. The author concludes that considering Dr. Garang's vision of new Sudan, however, is the best if not the only way to keep the country united and enable the diverse Sudanese people coexist peacefully as one nation. |
| dr riek machar education background: South Sudan Kuyok Abol Kuyok, 2015-09-04 This is the first volume of the Biographical Dictionary of South Sudan, an ongoing research project begun in July 2001. As the subtitle of the book, the Notable Firsts, suggests, this volume is primarily concerned with historically significant South Sudanese personalities, deceased and contemporary alike, and their illustrious careers. Luminaries from all walks of life are featured, including politics, traditional leadership, civil service, academia, and sports. This book has several main aims. Its primary aim is historical. It presents biographical profiles or accounts of the entrants and highlights the accomplishments and contributions of entrants in their respective fields of expertise or in the public sphere. But the aim of this study is not only to preset entrants biographies. It is mostly to place the entries in a broader historical perspective. The biographical dictionary, though concerned about personal accounts of entrants, it discusses pivotal events that shaped the history of South Sudan. The biographies are essentially linked to historical events that shaped or influenced the countrys trajectory throughout the period in question. Central to understanding the history of South Sudan is the biographical information of personalities who have taken part in major events or who have assumed important offices in the country. |
| dr riek machar education background: War and Genocide in South Sudan Clémence Pinaud, 2021-02-15 Using more than a decade's worth of fieldwork in South Sudan, Clémence Pinaud here explores the relationship between predatory wealth accumulation, state formation, and a form of racism—extreme ethnic group entitlement—that has the potential to result in genocide. War and Genocide in South Sudan traces the rise of a predatory state during civil war in southern Sudan and its transformation into a violent Dinka ethnocracy after the region's formal independence. That new state, Pinaud argues, waged genocide against non-Dinka civilians in 2013-2017. During a civil war that wrecked the region between 1983 and 2005, the predominantly Dinka Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) practiced ethnically exclusive and predatory wealth accumulation. Its actions fostered extreme group entitlement and profoundly shaped the rebel state. Ethnic group entitlement eventually grew into an ideology of ethnic supremacy. After that war ended, the semi-autonomous state turned into a violent and predatory ethnocracy—a process accelerated by independence in 2011. The rise of exclusionary nationalism, a new security landscape, and inter-ethnic political competition contributed to the start of a new round of civil war in 2013, in which the recently founded state unleashed violence against nearly all non-Dinka ethnic groups. Pinaud investigates three campaigns waged by the South Sudan government in 2013–2017 and concludes they were genocidal—they sought to destroy non-Dinka target groups. She demonstrates how the perpetrators' sense of group entitlement culminated in land-grabs that amounted to a genocidal conquest echoing the imperialist origins of modern genocides. Thanks to generous funding from TOME, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories. |
| dr riek machar education background: The Lord's Resistance Army Mareike Schomerus, 2021-04 Based on interviews with the notorious armed rebel group, the LRA, this study explores why efforts at contemporary peacemaking so often fail. |
| dr riek machar education background: Nuer Prophets Douglas H. Johnson, 1997 This is the first major study of the Nuer based on primary research since Evans-Pritchard's classic Nuer Religion. It is also the first full-length historical study of indigenous African prophets operating outside the context of the world's main religions, and as such builds on Evans-Pritchard's pioneering work in promoting collaboration and dialogue between the disciplines of anthropology and history. Prophets first emerged as significant figures among the Nuer in the nineteenth century. They fashioned the religious idiom of prophecy from a range of spiritual ideas, and enunciated the social principles which broadened and sustained a moral community across political and ethnic boundaries. Douglas Johnson argues that, contrary to the standard anthropological interpretation, the major prophets' lasting contribution was their vision of peace, not their role in war. This vision is particularly relevant today, and the book concludes with a detailed discussion of events in the Sudan since independence in 1956, describing how modern Nuer, and many other southern Sudanese, still find the message of the nineteenth-century prophets relevant to their experiences in the current civil war. |
| dr riek machar education background: The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army Carol Berger, 2021-12-23 This book examines the role of social process and routinised violence in the use of underaged soldiers in the country now known as South Sudan during the twenty-one-year civil war between Sudan’s northern and southern regions. Drawing on accounts of South Sudanese who as children and teenagers were part of the Red Army—the youth wing of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA)—the book sheds light on the organised nature of the exploitation of children and youth by senior adult figures within the movement. The book also includes interviews with several of the original Red Army commanders, all of whom went on to hold senior positions within the military and government of South Sudan. The author chronicles the cultural transformation experienced by members of the Red Army and considers whether an analysis of the processes involved in what was then Africa’s longest civil war can aid our understanding of South Sudan’s more recent descent into ethnicised conflict. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and political science with interests in ethnography, conflict, and the military exploitation of children. |
| dr riek machar education background: Southern Sudan Abel Alier, 1992 This book is required reading for anyone concerned with the condition of Sudan and the horror of the civil war. It is an authoritative personal story by one of the chief actors, giving an account of his struggle to contain a tragedy which has cost the lives of hundreds of thousands and brought starvation to millions. |
| dr riek machar education background: Who Killed Dr. John Garang PaanLuel Wël, 2015-07-27 This book is being published to mark the 10th anniversary of the death of the late SPLM/A leader, Dr. John Garang de Mabioor, who died ten years ago on Saturday, 30 July 2005, near the town of New Cush in Eastern Equatoria state, in a helicopter crash on his way back from Rwakitura, Mbarara district in western Uganda, to New Site, Eastern Equatoria state, South Sudan, after paying a two-day private visit to his longtime friend, President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda. |
| dr riek machar education background: The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars Douglas Hamilton Johnson, 2003 Sudan's post-independence history has been dominated by long, recurring, and bloody civil wars. Most commentators have attributed the country's political and civil strife either to an age-old racial and ethnic divide between Arabs and Africans or to colonially constructed inequalities. In The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars, Douglas H. Johnson examines historical, political, economic, and social factors to come to a more subtle understanding of the trajectory of Sudan's civil wars. Johnson focuses on the essential differences between the modern Sudan's first civil war in the 1960s, the current war, and the minor conflicts generated by and contained within the larger wars. Regional and international factors, such as humanitarian aid, oil revenue, and terrorist organizations, are cited and examined as underlying issues that have exacerbated the violence. Readers will find an immensely readable yet nuanced and well-informed handling of the history and politics of Sudan's civil wars. |
| dr riek machar education background: A Rope from the Sky Zach Vertin, 2019-01-01 The untold story of America's attempt to forge a nation from scratch, from euphoric birth to heart-wrenching collapse. South Sudan's independence was celebrated around the world—a triumph for global justice and an end to one of the world's most devastating wars. But the party would not last long: South Sudan's freedom fighters soon plunged their new nation into chaos, shattering the promise of liberation and exposing the hubris of their foreign backers. Chronicling extraordinary stories of hope, identity, and survival, A Rope from the Sky journeys inside an epic tale of paradise won and then lost. This character-driven narrative is first a story of power, promise, greed, compassion, violence, and redemption from the world's most neglected patch of territory. But it is also a story about the best and worst of America—both its big-hearted ideals and its difficult reckoning with the limits of American power amid a changing global landscape. Zach's Vertin's firsthand acounts, from deadly war zones to the halls of Washington power, brings readers inside this remarkable episode—an unprecedented experiment in state-building and a cautionary tale. It is brilliant and breathtaking, a moder-day Greek tragedy that will challenge our perspectives on global politics. |
| dr riek machar education background: Sudan: Conflict and Minorities Peter Verney, 1995-08-01 The civil war in Sudan is often portrayed as a battle between the North and the South of the country, between Islam and Christianity. This report, Sudan: Conflict and minorities, explains how this over-simplification obscures an understanding of the war and how it hides the position of minority groups and women within today’s Sudan. A clear understanding of the causes of the conflict is necessary if the war is to be brought to an end and the people are to have a right to development. That this is desirable has never been in doubt, with government forces, militias and the factions of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army committing gross human rights abuses against the civilian population. The report’s coordinating editor, Peter Verney, is a well-known authority on Sudan and its peoples, and Sudan: Conflict and minorities examines the position of various minority groups, ranging from the discrimination faced by the Copts, to the massacres of the Dinka and many others. Yet this repression is placed within a clear historical context. This context is important, given that the current government, since seizing power in 1989, has orchestrated a widespread increase in human rights violations on a scale previously unknown in Sudan, which has stifled both dissent and difference, repressing opposition forces and minority groups alike. The report ends with a series of recommendations which should be enacted immediately. Please note that the terminology in the fields of minority rights and indigenous peoples’ rights has changed over time. MRG strives to reflect these changes as well as respect the right to self-identification on the part of minorities and indigenous peoples. At the same time, after over 50 years’ work, we know that our archive is of considerable interest to activists and researchers. Therefore, we make available as much of our back catalogue as possible, while being aware that the language used may not reflect current thinking on these issues. |
| dr riek machar education background: Hope, Pain & Patience Friederike Bubenzer, Orly Stern, 2011 As in many post-conflict countries, the roles played by women during Sudan's long-lasting liberation struggle continue to go unrecognised. Thousands of women joined the southern liberation struggle in response to a political situation that affected whole communities, leaving the comfort and security of their homes not just to accompany their husbands but to fight for freedom, democracy, equity, justice, rights and dignity. As well as playing roles in the fighting, women acted as mothers, teachers and nurses, and filled numerous other roles during the war. The long-standing struggle for the liberation of South Sudan severely altered traditional gender roles as well as the societal structure as a whole. Women also suffered during the war. An increase in HIV, hunger and violence, particularly sexual violence, characterised their lives in Sudan as well as in exile for many years. Life in the post-conflict period continues to be challenging, as women try to carve out a meaningful life in a tenuous peace. This volume documents the lives of different groups of women in South Sudan. It seeks to understand the contributions made by a range of women both during the conflict and today. It describes the women of South Sudan: who they are, what they have experienced, what they hope and feel, what they experienced in the war, and whether the end of the war has brought meaningful change--Back cover. |
| dr riek machar education background: Guerrilla Government Øystein H. Rolandsen, 2005 Guerrilla Government provides the background for today's political situation at the eve of a peace agreement for the South. It starts with a brief account of the historical roots of the second civil war and provides an in-depth analysis of the causes and consequences of the split in SPLM/A in 1991. The author then discusses the movement's political and administrative structures and its interaction with other parties at the Southern Sudanese scene prior to its National Convention in 1994. The National Convention and the results of its political and administrative reforms are scrutinised, and the book is brought to a conclusion with a short comment on the prospects of the future government of the Southern Sudan.--BOOK JACKET. |
| dr riek machar education background: South Sudan Peter Lam Both, 2003 If you take a ride from North to South in Sudan, you will be amazed, if not perplexed about what you would see. The South is left like a no man's land where only birds and animals are easily noticed. You can hardly find evidence of people other than the burned thatched mud huts that used to be shelters for Southerners. The people have been driven away by the Sudanese government. The war has continued for almost 42 years now. The southerners are dying en masse' everyday. Reports about humanitarian tragedy in the South have been published, but no country in the international community cares bout the suffering of Southern Sudanese. The United Nations and the OAU (AU) have neglected the suffering of Southern Sudanese people. Southerners have gone and are going through an Islamic apartheid system orchestrated through the use of Islamic Jihad.' This book attempts to represent a voice for the voiceless in the hope that those who read it might know why there is a war in Sudan and convince their governments to do some thing about it. Southern Sudan is indeed a forgotten tragedy. This book examines the North-South relations in Sudan politics from a southern perspective. It addresses the fundamental and immediate causes of the civil war, the role of the military in Sudan politics, the Southern Sudanese Liberation Movements and confusionism that beginning with Anya Nya I to the present. The ethnicitization of power and politics and the illusionary peace deals are explicitly dealt with. The book also addresses the reasons why peace agreements in Sudan fail to materialize and what the international community can do to ensure that either side does not violate them. The book also addresses the role of the oil companies in financing the civil war in Sudan. The principles of state-secularism and self-determination and the feasibility have been discussed. More importantly, suggestions to the international community and the Sudanese people on how to resolve the civil war have been suggested. This is a grassroots perspective from those that are affected and live through this terrible humanitarian tragedy in Southern Sudan. |
| dr riek machar education background: Ethnic Politics and State Power in Africa Philip Roessler, 2016-12-15 This book models the trade-off that rulers of weak, ethnically-divided states face between coups and civil war. Drawing evidence from extensive field research in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo combined with statistical analysis of most African countries, it develops a framework to understand the causes of state failure. |
| dr riek machar education background: Education, War and Peace: The Surprising Success of Private Schools in War-Torn Countries James Tooley, David Longfield, 2017-09-21 The authors of Education, War & Peace travelled to Liberia, Sierra Leone and South Sudan to conduct research on education in these conflict-affected countries. They uncovered an inspiring story of entrepreneurs stepping into the breach and providing low-cost private schooling to large numbers of children in areas where government was not working well and basic infrastructure had been destroyed. For-profit schools also expanded quickly to soak up educational demand once the conflicts were over. The fees were affordable to families on the poverty line and the children did better academically than those in government schools. Yet international agencies continue to promote government-run schools, even though state education has been a major source of both conflict and corruption in these countries. This groundbreaking study advocates a different approach. Low-cost private schools should be welcomed by policymakers as a means of providing high quality educational opportunities for all. |
| dr riek machar education background: First Raise a Flag Peter Martell, 2019-04-15 When South Sudan's war began, the Beatles were playing their first hits and reaching the moon was an astronaut's dream. Half a century later, with millions massacred in Africa's longest war, the continent's biggest country split in two. It was an extraordinary, unprecedented experiment. Many have fought, but South Sudan did the impossible, and won. This is the story of an epic fight for freedom. It is also the story of a nightmare. First Raise a Flag details one of the most dramatic failures in the history of international state-building. three years after independence, South Sudan was lowest ranked in the list of failed states. War returned, worse than ever. Peter Martell has spent over a decade reporting from palaces and battlefields, meeting those who made a country like no other: warlords and spies, missionaries and mercenaries, guerrillas and gunrunners, freedom fighters and war crime fugitives, Hollywood stars and ex-slaves. Under his seasoned foreign correspondent's gaze, he weaves with passion and colour the lively history of the world's newest country. First Raise a Flag is a moving reflection on the meaning of nationalism, the power of hope and the endurance of the human spirit. |
| dr riek machar education background: Separation of Powers in African Constitutionalism Charles Manga Fombad, 2016 The effective division of powers is critical to ensuring the promotion of good governance, democracy, and the rule of law in Africa. This book examines key issues arising during reforms of African constitutions, and focuses on the emergence of independent constitutional institutions providing checks against future abuses of powers. |
| dr riek machar education background: Peacemakers in Action Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding, 2007-01-08 Across the globe, there are more than 50 armed conflicts, many of which are being perpetrated in the name of religion. In these zones of violence, there are brave men and women who, motivated by their religious beliefs, are working to create and sustain peace and reconciliation. Yet their stories are unknown. This book explores the conflicts and the stories of 15 remarkable individuals identified and studied by the Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding from regions as far-flung as West Papua, Indonesia, the Middle East, Northern Ireland, Nigeria, El Salvador and South Africa. The book also captures important lessons learned when these peacemakers convened in Amman, Jordan for the 2004 Peacemakers in Action Retreat and discussed their best techniques and greatest obstacles in creating peace on the ground. Peacemakers in Action provides guidance to students of religion and future peacemakers. |
| dr riek machar education background: Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur Andrew S. Natsios, 2012-03-23 For thirty years Sudan has been a country in crisis, wracked by near-constant warfare between the north and the south. But on July 9, 2011, South Sudan became an independent nation. As Sudan once again finds itself the focus of international attention, former special envoy to Sudan and director of USAID Andrew Natsios provides a timely introduction to the country at this pivotal moment in its history. Focusing on the events of the last 25 years, Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know® sheds light on the origins of the conflict between northern and southern Sudan and the complicated politics of this volatile nation. Natsios gives readers a first-hand view of Sudan's past as well as an honest appraisal of its future. In the wake of South Sudan's independence, Natsios explores the tensions that remain on both sides. Issues of citizenship, security, oil management, and wealth-sharing all remain unresolved. Human rights issues, particularly surrounding the ongoing violence in Darfur, likewise still clamor for solutions. Informative and accessible, this book introduces readers to the most central issues facing Sudan as it stands on the brink of historic change. What Everyone Needs to Know® is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. |
| dr riek machar education background: Militias, Rebels and Islamist Militants Wafula Okumu, Augustine Ovuoronye Ikelegbe, 2010 |
| dr riek machar education background: Africa's Armies Robert B. Edgerton, 2002-11-06 Merging anthropology and history, describes the roots of civil-military imbalances in sub-Saharan Africa and suggests solutions for reducing poverty, crime, disease, and genocide. |
| dr riek machar education background: The Southern Sudan Dunstan M. Wai, 1973 First Published in 1972. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| dr riek machar education background: Regime Hegemony in Museveni’s Uganda J. Rubongoya, 2007-01-08 This is a study of the struggle for the restoration of legitimate power in Uganda following the 1986 National Resistance Army/Movement (NRA/M) liberation battle led by President Yoweri Museveni. It addresses the empirical consequences of legitimacy on power relations and how this affects democratization and economic progress. |
| dr riek machar education background: The Power of Creative Reasoning Lual A. Deng, 2013-01-25 Seventy-two percent of South Sudans population is under thirty years of age. It is this generation that must create a new South Sudanese identity that is inclusive of all its nationalities. In The Power of Creative Reasoning, author Lual A. Deng shows how the ideas and concepts touted by Dr. John Garang could facilitate the advancement of the ideals of freedom, liberty, and human dignity. The Power of Creative Reasoning provides an insiders perspective on Garang, a visionary leader who used a combination of strategic thinking and a path-goal approach to resolve complex societal problems. Deng has coined the term Garangism as the pursuit of Sudanese commonality with conviction, courage, consistency, and creativity to end all forms of marginalization. Deng shows how Garang employed symbolic logic in the form of Venn Diagrams to articulate the vision of New Sudan and presents ten power-ful ideas to help the Sudanese as they are facing serious challenges of leadership, democratic governance, sustained peace, economic growth, poverty, and corruption. The Power of Creative Reasoning communicates that the leadership of the new Sudan can manage these challenges by internalizing Garangs ideas. |
| dr riek machar education background: International Relations of Ethiopia Peter Lam Both, 2004 International relations of specific African countries have been grotesquely overlooked under the pretext of information insufficiency. But Africa is a visceral part of the international community and failure to efficiently represent it in the 21st century international relations is quite an annihilation scourge. This is so because Africa presents opportunities and challenges in this world of globalization. In the international relations of Ethiopia, Peter Both examines the ancient and contemporary international relations of Ethiopia from a unique perspective. A perspective that combines the cultural context, social work and international relations in order to effectively analyse the impact of interstate relations from macro to micro levels of the Ethiopian society. In so doing he proposes a foreign policy course which addresses various aspects of Ethiopian foreign relations. He proposes unilateral and multilateral courses of action to resolve the pressing issue of the Nile politics, increased involvement in the conflict resolution regime in the continent and the search for inter-African economic regime as opposed to reliance on Lome Conventions, GATT talks and WTO, which basically do nothing for African. If those institutions did provide any thing for Africa, the west would prefer hibernation to engagement. It is a transparent poppycock, which requires no rocket science. Peter also proposes that colonial boundaries in African need to be revised in order to avoid civil conflicts. Colonial boundaries top the list of major causes of death and civil wars in Africa. If the boundaries are left as they are due to African leadership paranoia, peace in Africa would remain a machiavellian hallucination. |
| dr riek machar education background: The 'agreement on Ground Rules' in South Sudan Mark Bradbury, Nicholas Leader, Kate Mackintosh, 2000 |
| dr riek machar education background: The Genius of Dr. John Garang John Garang, 2015-11-26 These are Dr. John Garang's speeches during the war of liberation, starting from the inception of the SPLM/A in July 1983 to January 2005 when the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed in 2005 to end the long running civil war in the Sudan. The 2005 CPA guaranteed the rights of South Sudanese to self-determination in a free and fair referendum, leading to the independence of South Sudan on July 9th, 2011, after more than 50 years of continuous war since 1955. These speeches are a living testimony to the long aspiration of the South Sudanese people as thought out, expressed and spoken by the late leader of the SPLM/A, Dr. John Garang de Mabioor, who passed away in a mysterious plane crash in July 2005, three weeks after becoming the first vice president of the Sudan in Khartoum, the first Southerner to assume that office since Sudan independence in 1956. |
| dr riek machar education background: Rise and Fall of SPLM/SPLA Leadership Daniel Wuor Joak, 2016-02-10 The Rise and Fall of SPLM/SPLA Leadership provides lively and descriptive narratives of key leaders of the South Sudanese revolutions, with special attention to the debates and issues that make South Sudan's history relevant to both contemporary South Sudanese and wider audiences. Author Daniel Wuor Joak, an influential South Sudanese politician, illuminates the historical significances of South Sudan's social, political, and economic affairs within the wider context of Sudan-an extraordinary achievement, given the multiplicity of peoples and regions and the complexity of tribal rivalries within the country. The title of this book refers to the nine founding members of the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement and its army. Their rise and fall should serve as a reminder of the shortcomings of the leaders who planted the seeds of disharmony from the onset of the struggle for South Sudanese independence. With its freedom won on July 9, 2011, South Sudan's people know the stakes are high, should this nascent nation fail to manage its own affairs responsibly. For this reason, the issues that damaged the liberation movement need to be understood and resolved by members of all sixty-four united tribes to avoid lapsing back into an oppressed state. |
| dr riek machar education background: The Big Men of Africa Blackings Mairi J., 2014 This book, The Big Men of Africa, examines the antics of these leaders who, long after the curtain has come down on their often poorly scripted and performed political theatres, refuse to exit the stage. Often referred to as the Big Men of Africa-- for all of them are men-- these leaders represent and are symbolic of much that has gone wrong with the continent...--page 169. |
| dr riek machar education background: War and Statehood in South Sudan Manfred Öhm, 2015-03-26 This study provides empirically based insights into the relationship between war, statehood and peaceful conflict resolution during the second Sudanese civil war and following the independence of South Sudan 2011. Several influencing factors have been identified: the dynamics of political and ethnic conflict; the authoritarian character of the former rebel movement (SPLM); the role of the church and of traditional leaders in local peace processes; and how the enormous presence of international aid organizations has affected both war and statehood. The empirical findings suggest that South Sudan is not an example of state failure, but rather part of a broader process of state formation. As such, this collection argues that state-building is indeed possible during war. The analysis of the independent South Sudan post-2011 illustrates that the country is still struck by strong political and ethnic conflicts and continued violence. This is a book that is relevant and full of insights for social scientists and practitioners of development co-operation. |
| dr riek machar education background: SPLM/SPLA David de Bion, 2020-08-08 |
| dr riek machar education background: Peace Deserves a Chance Alberto J. Eisman, Paride Taban, 2011 |
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Mercy is one of the largest U.S. health systems with 44 acute care & specialty hospitals, over 700 physician & outpatient clinics in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri & Oklahoma.
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