Dr Congo Official Language

  dr congo official language: Language Policy and Discourse on Languages in Ukraine Under President Viktor Yanukovych Michael Moser, 2014-04-15 Declared the country's official language in 1996, Ukrainian has weathered constant challenges by post-Soviet political forces promoting Russian. Michael Moser provides the definitive account of the policies and ethno-political dynamics underlying this unique cultural struggle.
  dr congo official language: The Kongo Kingdom Koen Bostoen, Inge Brinkman, 2018-11-15 A unique and forward-thinking book that sheds new light on the origins, dynamics, and cosmopolitan culture of the Kongo Kingdom from a cross-disciplinary perspective.
  dr congo official language: King Leopold's Ghost Adam Hochschild, 2019-05-14 With an introduction by award-winning novelist Barbara Kingsolver In the late nineteenth century, when the great powers in Europe were tearing Africa apart and seizing ownership of land for themselves, King Leopold of Belgium took hold of the vast and mostly unexplored territory surrounding the Congo River. In his devastatingly barbarous colonization of this area, Leopold stole its rubber and ivory, pummelled its people and set up a ruthless regime that would reduce the population by half. . While he did all this, he carefully constructed an image of himself as a deeply feeling humanitarian. Winner of the Duff Cooper Prize in 1999, King Leopold’s Ghost is the true and haunting account of this man’s brutal regime and its lasting effect on a ruined nation. It is also the inspiring and deeply moving account of a handful of missionaries and other idealists who travelled to Africa and unwittingly found themselves in the middle of a gruesome holocaust. Instead of turning away, these brave few chose to stand up against Leopold. Adam Hochschild brings life to this largely untold story and, crucially, casts blame on those responsible for this atrocity.
  dr congo official language: A Polyglot Pocket Dictionary of Lingála, English, French, and Italian Zekeh Gbotokuma, 2016-12-12 A Polyglot Pocket Dictionary of Lingala, English, French and Italian represents a glossary that allows the reader to appreciate positive diversity and interculturalism through multilingualism. Building on, and referring to, the author’s experiences of studying and living abroad as a series of transits, transitions, and translations, it urges the reader to enhance their global competency and brain power, and to seek cosmocitizenship through the study of world languages and cultures. To this end, it shares enlightening reflections on the benefits of multilingualism, and allows the reader to develop basic language skills in Lingala, English, French, and Italian. As such, in addition to the glossary, this work also contains key facts about the languages at hand, as well as useful phrases, weekdays, numbers, and elements of grammar.
  dr congo official language: Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Emizet Francois Kisangani, Scott F. Bobb, 2009-10-01 The third edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo looks back at the nearly 48 years of independence, over a century of colonial rule, and even earlier kingdoms and groups that shared the territory. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 800 cross-referenced dictionary entries on civil wars, mutinies, notable people, places, events, and cultural practices.
  dr congo official language: The Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics H. Ekkehard Wolff, 2019-05-16 This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive state-of-the-art study of 'African languages' and 'language in Africa' since its beginnings as a 'colonial science' at the turn of the twentieth century in Europe. Compiled by 56 internationally renowned scholars, this ground breaking study looks at past and current research on 'African languages' and 'language in Africa' under the impact of paradigmatic changes from 'colonial' to 'postcolonial' perspectives. It addresses current trends in the study of the role and functions of language, African and other, in pre- and postcolonial African societies. Highlighting the central role that the 'language factor' plays in postcolonial transformation processes of sociocultural modernization and economic development, it also addresses more recent, particularly urban, patterns of communication, and outlines applied dimensions of digitalization and human language technology.
  dr congo official language: Kikongo-English/ English-Kikongo (Kongo) Dictionary & Phrasebook , 2020-06-23 Kikongo (also known as Kongo) is a Bantu language spoken by over 5 million people worldwide, mostly by the Kongo and Ndundu people living in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and Angola. Kikongo was spoken by many from this region who were sold into slavery in the Americas. Thus creolized forms of the language can be found in the ritual speech of Afro-American religions, especially in Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic and Haiti. It is also one of the sources of the Palenquerocreole in Colombia, and the Gullah language spoken in coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia in the United States. This unique, two-part resource provides travelers to Central Africa with the tools they need for daily interaction. The bilingual dictionary has a concise vocabulary for everyday use, and the phrasebook allows instant communication on a variety of topics. Ideal for businesspeople, travelers, students, and aid workers, this guide includes: 4,000 dictionary entries Phonetics that are intuitive for English speakers Essential phrases on topics such as transportation, dining out, and business Concise grammar and pronunciation sections
  dr congo official language: Changing the Trajectory Sajitha Bashir, 2009-06-25 The Democratic Republic of Congo faces the challenge of providing universal primary education and expanding opportunities for post-secondary education and training for its youth, ages 12 to 24. This study analyzes the current educational attainment and school enrollment status of youth, as well as the formal and informal post-secondary educational and training opportunities available to them. The study uses the results of a simulation model that incorporates enrollment in alternative education programs and considers alternative scenarios for developing the post-primary sector. Each scenario is evaluated for the impact on the human capital accumulation of young people and the sustainability of public expenditures. The report offers policy options for rapidly raising the educational attainment of young people who will be entering the labor force in the next two decades, including expanding opportunities for alternative education and training for out-of-school children, the extension of primary education, and the reorganization of secondary and technical/vocational training to reduce early specialization.
  dr congo official language: Language and National Identity in Africa Andrew Simpson, 2008-02-07 This book focuses on language, culture, and identity in nineteen countries in Africa. Leading specialists, mainly from Africa, describe national linguistic and political histories, assess the status of majority and minority languages, and consider the role of language in ethnic conflict.
  dr congo official language: Dancing in the Glory of Monsters Jason Stearns, 2012-03-27 A meticulously researched and comprehensive (Financial Times​) history of the devastating war in the heart of Africa's Congo, with first-hand accounts of the continent's worst conflict in modern times. At the heart of Africa is the Congo, a country the size of Western Europe, bordering nine other nations, that since 1996 has been wracked by a brutal war in which millions have died. In Dancing in the Glory of Monsters, renowned political activist and researcher Jason K. Stearns has written a compelling and deeply-reported narrative of how Congo became a failed state that collapsed into a war of retaliatory massacres. Stearns brilliantly describes the key perpetrators, many of whom he met personally, and highlights the nature of the political system that brought these people to power, as well as the moral decisions with which the war confronted them. Now updated with a new introduction, Dancing in the Glory of Monsters tells the full story of Africa's Great War.
  dr congo official language: Congo Sean Rorison, 2012 Known as the heart of Africa, the Congosare one of the last bastions in Africa for the seriously adventurous traveler.This revised guide tells you how to travel both adventurously and safely with the practical information and unique maps needed to explore this jungle territory. The Congos encompass Africa's largest area of intact rainforest and much of the book is devoted to the spectacular wildlife including the mountain gorilla and the critically endangered eastern lowland gorilla. This is the only comprehensive guide to both Congos in English.
  dr congo official language: The Poisonwood Bible Barbara Kingsolver, 2009-10-13 New York Times Bestseller • Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize • An Oprah's Book Club Selection “Powerful . . . [Kingsolver] has with infinitely steady hands worked the prickly threads of religion, politics, race, sin and redemption into a thing of terrible beauty.” —Los Angeles Times Book Review The Poisonwood Bible, now celebrating its 25th anniversary, established Barbara Kingsolver as one of the most thoughtful and daring of modern writers. Taking its place alongside the classic works of postcolonial literature, it is a suspenseful epic of one family's tragic undoing and remarkable reconstruction over the course of three decades in Africa. The story is told by the wife and four daughters of Nathan Price, a fierce, evangelical Baptist who takes his family and mission to the Belgian Congo in 1959. They carry with them everything they believe they will need from home, but soon find that all of it—from garden seeds to Scripture—is calamitously transformed on African soil. The novel is set against one of the most dramatic political chronicles of the twentieth century: the Congo's fight for independence from Belgium, the murder of its first elected prime minister, the CIA coup to install his replacement, and the insidious progress of a world economic order that robs the fledgling African nation of its autonomy. Against this backdrop, Orleanna Price reconstructs the story of her evangelist husband's part in the Western assault on Africa, a tale indelibly darkened by her own losses and unanswerable questions about her own culpability. Also narrating the story, by turns, are her four daughters—the teenaged Rachel; adolescent twins Leah and Adah; and Ruth May, a prescient five-year-old. These sharply observant girls, who arrive in the Congo with racial preconceptions forged in 1950s Georgia, will be marked in surprisingly different ways by their father's intractable mission, and by Africa itself. Ultimately each must strike her own separate path to salvation. Their passionately intertwined stories become a compelling exploration of moral risk and personal responsibility.
  dr congo official language: Presbyterian Reformers in Central Africa Robert Benedetto, 1996 This volume contains 123 documents which illustrate the early history of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission and its struggle for human rights in the Congo from 1890 to 1918. The documents, many of which have never previously been published, are crucial to a full understanding of both the work of the Presbyterian Mission and its impact on the social, political, and religious life of the Congo. The book is divided into four parts. Part One documents the founding and early history of the Presbyterian Mission from 1890 to 1898. Part Two documents the deterioration of social conditions in the Congo under King Leopold, and the reform campaigns initiated by the American Mission in Britain and the United States. Part Three consists of documents related to the 1909 libel trial of William M. Morrison and William H. Sheppard, the principal leaders of the American Mission. Part Four documents the Mission's reaction to continuing human rights abuses, particularly religious persecution, under Belgian rule to 1918. The documents - translated chiefly by Winifred K. Vass - are annotated and the volume contains an introduction and an index.
  dr congo official language: Language Policy and Identity Construction Eric A. Anchimbe, 2013-01-07 The (dis)empowerment of languages through language policy in multilingual postcolonial communities often shapes speakers’ identification with these languages, their attitude towards other languages in the community, and their choices in interpersonal and intergroup communication. Focusing on the dynamics of Cameroon’s multilingualism, this book contributes to current debates on the impact of politic language policy on daily language use in sociocultural and interpersonal interactions, multiple identity construction, indigenous language teaching and empowerment, the use of Cameroon Pidgin English in certain formal institutional domains initially dominated by the official languages, and linguistic patterns of social interaction for politeness, respect, and in-group bonding. Due to the multiple perspectives adopted, the book will be of interest to sociolinguists, applied linguists, pragmaticians, Afrikanists, and scholars of postcolonial linguistics.
  dr congo official language: Language and Development in Africa Ekkehard Wolff, 2016-05-26 This volume explores the central role of language across all aspects of public and private life in Africa.
  dr congo official language: The Assassination of Lumumba Ludo De Witte, 2022-10-25 The Assassination of Lumumba unravels the appalling mass of lies, hypocrisy and betrayals that have surrounded accounts of the 1961 assassination of Patrice Lumumba-the first prime minister of the Republic of Congo and a pioneer of African unity-since it perpetration. Making use of a huge array of official sources as well as personal testimony from many of those in the Congo at the time, Ludo De Witte reveals a network of complicity ranging from the Belgian government to the CIA. Patrice Lumumba's personal strength and his quest for African unity emerges in stark contrast with one of the murkiest episodes in twentieth-century politics.
  dr congo official language: Background Notes , 2000
  dr congo official language: The Great African War Filip Reyntjens, 2009-08-24 This book examines a decade-long period of instability, violence and state decay in Central Africa from 1996, when the war started, to 2006, when elections formally ended the political transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A unique combination of circumstances explain the unravelling of the conflicts: the collapsed Zairian/Congolese state; the continuation of the Rwandan civil war across borders; the shifting alliances in the region; the politics of identity in Rwanda, Burundi and eastern DRC; the ineptitude of the international community; and the emergence of privatized and criminalized public spaces and economies, linked to the global economy, but largely disconnected from the state - on whose territory the entrepreneurs of insecurity function. As a complement to the existing literature, this book seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of concurrent developments in Zaire/DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda in African and international contexts. By adopting a non-chronological approach, it attempts to show the dynamics of the inter-relationships between these realms and offers a toolkit for understanding the past and future of Central Africa.
  dr congo official language: A Grammatical Overview of Lingála Michael Meeuwis, 2020
  dr congo official language: The Casement Report Roger Casement, 2018-09-21 Reproduction of the original: The Casement Report by Roger Casement
  dr congo official language: From Zaire to the Democratic Republic of the Congo Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja, 2004 Selected bibliography p.23.
  dr congo official language: Lingala-English/English-Lingala Dictionary and Phrasebook Aquilina Mawadza, 2016 Lingala is spoken in Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola in Africa. This book includes 4,000 dictionary entries in Lingala-English and English-Lingala, phonetics that are intuitive for English speakers, essential phrases for travel and business, and a concise grammar and pronunciation section.
  dr congo official language: The Failure of Democracy in the Republic of Congo John Frank Clark, 2008 Why did the democratic experiment launched in the Republic of Congo in 1991 fail so dramatically in 1997? Why has it not been seriously resumed since then? This book provides an analysis of more than fifteen years of Congolese politics. It explores a series of logical hypotheses regarding why democracy failed to take root in Congo.
  dr congo official language: The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, 1985 Zaire, apparently strong and stable under Presdident Mobutu in the early 1970s, was bankrupt and discredited by the end of that decade, beset by hyperinflation and mass corruption, the populace forced into abject poverty. Why and how, in a new african state strategically located in Central Africa and rich in mineral resources, did this happen? How did the Zairian state become a “parasitic predator” upon its own people?
  dr congo official language: Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , 2005-11-24 The first edition of ELL (1993, Ron Asher, Editor) was hailed as the field's standard reference work for a generation. Now the all-new second edition matches ELL's comprehensiveness and high quality, expanded for a new generation, while being the first encyclopedia to really exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics. * The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field * An entirely new work, with new editors, new authors, new topics and newly commissioned articles with a handful of classic articles * The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics through the online edition * Ground-breaking and International in scope and approach * Alphabetically arranged with extensive cross-referencing * Available in print and online, priced separately. The online version will include updates as subjects develop ELL2 includes: * c. 7,500,000 words * c. 11,000 pages * c. 3,000 articles * c. 1,500 figures: 130 halftones and 150 colour * Supplementary audio, video and text files online * c. 3,500 glossary definitions * c. 39,000 references * Extensive list of commonly used abbreviations * List of languages of the world (including information on no. of speakers, language family, etc.) * Approximately 700 biographical entries (now includes contemporary linguists) * 200 language maps in print and online Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics Ground-breaking in scope - wider than any predecessor An invaluable resource for researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of: linguistics, anthropology, education, psychology, language acquisition, language pathology, cognitive science, sociology, the law, the media, medicine & computer science. The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field
  dr congo official language: Complications in Male Circumcision Mohamed A Baky Fahmy, 2019-05-22 Circumcision remains as one of the most controversial topics in current urological practice. The most important argument against circumcision is the permanent change of anatomy, histology and function of the penis, with potential complications, with rates reported to be low in developed countries, whereas it may be up to 85% when circumcision is carried out by traditional circumcisers, rather than by medically trained professionals in developing countries. In some studies, reporting the complications of circumcision, primary haemorrhage was the most common (52%), whereas infection, meatal stenosis, incomplete circumcision, penile oedema, glandular injury, penile adhesions, iatrogenic hypospadias and urethral injuries were also detected at different rates. At times minor complications after circumcision which cannot be avoided even when the procedure is undertaken by specialized pediatric surgeons or urologist, in a properly equipped centres; specially if the child or his penis is congenitally abnormal, the obvious examples are, circumcising a child with an excessive suprapubic fat or a child with webbed penis or microphallus . This title aims to minimize complications of MC and to compete against its serious impact on men's' health, it will educate and teach physicians about potential complications and how they could manage it early on and avoid further patient problems This title will shed some light over the common as well the uncommon complications, which usually raise a debate about its management. There are different sets to classify MC complications: Either early, or late, minor or major, local or systemic, rare or common. Both rare and common complications will be discussed with comprehensive photos and illustrations for each complication and its operative remedy.
  dr congo official language: Language Death Matthias Brenzinger, 2012-10-25 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.
  dr congo official language: Language in Zambia Sirarpi Ohannessian, Mubanga E. Kashoki, 2017-09-20 Originally published in 1978, this volume is divided into 3 parts. Part 1 presents an overview of the linguistic situation in Zambia: who speaks which languages, where they are spoken, what these languages are like. Special emphasis is given to the extensive survey of the languages of the Kafue basin, where extensive changes and relocations have taken place. Part 2 is on language use: patterns of competence and of extension for certain languages in urban settings, configurations of comprehension across language boundaries, how selected groups of multilinguals employ each of their languages and for what purposes, what languages are used in radio and television broadcasting and how decisions to use or not use a language are made. Part 3 involves language and formal education: what languages, Zambian and foreign, are used at various levels int he schools, which are taught, with what curricula, methods, how teachers are trained, how issues such as adult literacy are approached and with what success.
  dr congo official language: Wicked Winnie Holzman, 2010-10 Each title in The Applause Libretto Library Series presents a Broadway musical with fresh packaging in a 6 x 9 trade paperback format. Each Complete Book and Lyrics is approved by the writers and attractively designed with color photo inserts from the Broadway production. All titles include introduction and foreword by renowned Broadway musical experts. Long before Dorothy dropped in, two other girls meet in the Land of Oz. One, born with emerald green skin, is smart, fiery, and misunderstood. The other is beautiful, ambitious, and very popular. The story of how these two unlikely friends end up as the Wicked Witch of the West and Glinda the Good Witch makes for the most spellbinding new musical in years.
  dr congo official language: The Essential UN. United Nations, 2018 Everything you always wanted to know about the United Nations in one book! This primer to the United Nations is designed for all global citizens. It covers the history of the UN, what it does and how it does it. As the world's only truly global organization, the United Nations is where countries meet to address universal issues that cannot be resolved by any one of them acting alone. From international peace and security to sustainable development, climate change, human rights, and humanitarian action, the United Nations acts on our behalf around the world. --
  dr congo official language: Congo Democratic Republic Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information IBP USA, 2013-08 Congo Democratic Republic Country Study Guide - Strategic Information and Developments
  dr congo official language: Language Decline and Death in Africa Herman Batibo, 2005-01-01 The aim of this book is to inform both scholars and the public about the nature and extent of the problem of language decline and death in Africa. It resourcefully traces the main causes and circumstances of language endangerment, the processes and extent of language shift and death, and the consequences of language loss to the continent's rich linguistic and cultural heritage. The book outlines some of the challenges that have emerged out of the situation.
  dr congo official language: Dragon Operations Thomas P Odom, Frederick M. Franks, Combat Studies Institute, 2010-12-01 In August 1964, thousands of Simba rebels attacked and captured the city of Stanleyville in the newly independent Republic of the Congo and took more than 1,600 European and American residents as hostages, threatening to kill them if any attempt was made to recapture the city. In November of that year, after months of increasingly tense and complex discussions among the governments whose nationals were being held, an airborne assault by Belgian paracommandos dropped by American Air Force planes, combined with a CIA-piloted air strike against the Stanleyville airport, liberated most of the hostages, but only after a Simba-initiated massacre. Dragon Operations: Hostage Rescues in the Congo, 1964-1965 provides both the political background to these events and a detailed account of the actual operations: Dragon Rouge, the operations in Stanleyville, and Dragon Noir, focused on the city of Paulis, several hundred miles away. The book highlights the difficulties in organizing an international rescue effort with insufficient joint planning and inadequate command and control among the Belgian and American forces, as well as their differing political ideas and goals. The ad hoc nature of the planning was exemplified by an initial American Special Forces plan to air drop its forces east of Stanleyville and float down the river to Stanleyville. This plan was aborted when it was pointed out that the existence of Stanley Falls between the drop zone and the city was an insuperable obstacle. The operation also suffered from the Belgian commander's colonial-era contempt for the numerical strength of the Simbas and American fears of what was in reality a non-existent Communist element in the rebel movement.Dragon Operations demonstrates that, despite the slapdash nature of their planning and communications aspects, as well as the distance involved, the austere support, the large number of hostages, and a lack of intelligence data, they were remarkably successful in rescuing most of the hostages. Although less than ideal, the operations worked better than expected, given the conditions under which they were conducted. This important study of an almost forgotten episode of the Cold War has much to offer to military strategists and tacticians, political scientists and students of contemporary history alike. Orginally published in 1988: 236 p. maps. ill.
  dr congo official language: Tosolola Na Lingála Eyamba G. Bokamba, Molingo Virginie Bokamba, 2004
  dr congo official language: Laudato Si Pope Francis, 2015-07-18 “In the heart of this world, the Lord of life, who loves us so much, is always present. He does not abandon us, he does not leave us alone, for he has united himself definitively to our earth, and his love constantly impels us to find new ways forward. Praise be to him!” – Pope Francis, Laudato Si’ In his second encyclical, Laudato Si’: On the Care of Our Common Home, Pope Francis draws all Christians into a dialogue with every person on the planet about our common home. We as human beings are united by the concern for our planet, and every living thing that dwells on it, especially the poorest and most vulnerable. Pope Francis’ letter joins the body of the Church’s social and moral teaching, draws on the best scientific research, providing the foundation for “the ethical and spiritual itinerary that follows.” Laudato Si’ outlines: The current state of our “common home” The Gospel message as seen through creation The human causes of the ecological crisis Ecology and the common good Pope Francis’ call to action for each of us Our Sunday Visitor has included discussion questions, making it perfect for individual or group study, leading all Catholics and Christians into a deeper understanding of the importance of this teaching.
  dr congo official language: Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations , 2006 Formerly known as the International Citation Manual--p. xv.
  dr congo official language: Congo David Van Reybrouck, 2014-03-25 “A magnificent, epic look at the history of the region. . . . A monumental contribution to the annals of Congo scholarship” (Christian Science Monitor). The International Bestseller From the beginnings of the slave trade through colonization, the struggle for independence, Mobutu's brutal three decades of rule, and the civil war that has raged from 1996 to the present day, Congo: The Epic History of a People traces the history of one of the most devastated nations in the world. Esteemed scholar David Van Reybrouck balances hundreds of interviews with a diverse range of Congolese with meticulous historical research to construct a multidimensional portrait of a nation and its people. Epic in scope yet eminently readable, both penetrating and deeply moving, Congo—a finalist for the Cundill Prize—takes a deeply humane approach to political history, focusing squarely on the Congolese perspective, and returns a nation’s history to its people. “A compelling mixture of literary and oral history that delivers an authentic story of how European colonialism, African resistance, and the endless exploitation of natural resources affected the lives of the Congolese.” —Booklist “A vivid panorama of one of the most tormented lands in the world.” —Washington Post
  dr congo official language: BAMONIMAMBO (The Witnesses): Rediscovering DR CONGO and BRITISH ISLES Common History Norbert X & Deo MBU-MPUTU & KATYA KASEREKA,
  dr congo official language: Congo Michael Crichton, 2012-05-14 From the #1 New York Times bestselling author of Jurassic Park and Timeline comes a gripping thriller about the shocking demise of eight American geologists in the darkest region of the Congo. “Thrilling.” —The New York Times Book Review Deep in the African rainforest, near the ruins of the Lost City of Zinj, a field expedition is brutally killed. At the Houston-based Earth Resources Technology Services, Inc., a horrified supervisor watches a gruesome video transmission of that ill-fated group and sees a haunting, grainy, man-like blur moving amongst the bodies. In San Francisco, an extraordinary gorilla named Amy, who has a 620-sign vocabulary, may hold the secret to that fierce carnage. Immediately, a new expedition is sent to the Congo with Amy in tow, descending into a secret, forbidden world where the only escape may be through the grisliest death.
  dr congo official language: Bridging Linguistics and Economics Cécile B. Vigouroux, Salikoko S. Mufwene, 2020-03-19 By bridging the gap between linguistics and economics, this book sheds light on a range of mutually valuable topics.
Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia
Ethnologue lists 215 living languages. [1] The official language, since the colonial period, is French, one of the languages of Belgium. Four other languages, all of them Bantu based, have …

What Languages Are Spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
Aug 1, 2017 · French is the official language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, although an estimated total of 242 languages are spoken throughout the multilingual country.

Language data for the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
While French is the official language and widely used in education and government, there are four national languages: Kituba (Kikongo), Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba. This map shows the …

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Official and widely spoken languages
The Democratic Republic of the Congo hosts an astonishing 242 languages; French remains the official language, spoken by over 55 million people; Four indigenous languages hold national …

About D.R. Congo – Hear Congo
French is the official language of the Democratic of Congo and four national languages are spoken in the country: Swahili, Lingala, Kikongo and Tshiluba. Many Congolese speak at least …

Democratic Republic of the Congo Languages • FamilySearch
Mar 20, 2024 · The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a multilingual country where an estimated total of 242 languages are spoken. The official language is French. Four indigenous …

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Simple English Wikipedia, …
Principal rivers and lakes of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (French: République démocratique du Congo), commonly referred to as DR Congo, …

What Language Do They Speak in Democratic Republic of the Congo?
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a nation characterized by its vast diversity, multiple languages coexist, reflecting its rich cultural tapestry. The official language of the …

The Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
While French serves as the official language, the DRC officially recognizes four major languages—Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo, and Tshiluba—each playing a vital role in the nation’s …

Which languages are spoken in DRC? - LCS School
Apr 19, 2024 · The official language of DR Congo is French, which is used in government, business, and education. French was introduced during the colonial period when the country …

Official Language Of Congo [PDF] - interactive.cornish.edu
Official Language Of Congo: A Bibliography of Congo Languages (Classic Reprint) Frederick Starr,2017-10-15 Excerpt from A Bibliography of Congo Languages Our intention has been to …

Official Language Of Congo (2024) - interactive.cornish.edu
Official Language Of Congo: Language and Development in Africa Ekkehard Wolff,2016-05-26 This volume explores the central role of language across all aspects of public and private life …

Official Language Of Congo (2024) - interactive.cornish.edu
Mar 9, 2023 · Official Language Of Congo Raffaela Di Napoli. Official Language Of Congo: A Bibliography of Congo Languages (Classic Reprint) Frederick Starr,2017-10-15 Excerpt from …

Official Language Of Congo (2024) - interactive.cornish.edu
Official Language Of Congo: A Bibliography of Congo Languages (Classic Reprint) Frederick Starr,2017-10-15 Excerpt from A Bibliography of Congo Languages Our intention has been to …

CONGO (Rep Democratic of) Datasheet EN Rev 23_Draft
Exchange regulation of the Central Bank of Congo dd. 24/09/2014 Appointed company(ies): BUREAU VERITAS BIVAC BV Scope of the regulation: Pre-export Verification of goods …

Official Language Of Congo (Download Only)
Official Language Of Congo: A Bibliography of Congo Languages (Classic Reprint) Frederick Starr,2017-10-15 Excerpt from A Bibliography of Congo Languages Our intention has been to …

Republic of Congo - Clifford Chance
Feb 18, 2011 · Official name République Démocratique du Congo Form of government Unitary multiparty republic with a bicameral legislature (108-member Senate and 500-member …

Language in education and the media in the evaporating …
Language in education and the media in the evaporating state of the DR Congo Michael Meeuwis Centre for Studies in African Humanities Ghent University (Belgium) ... Language in school …

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO - wetu.com
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO Officially known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the country has a 25-mile (40-km) coastline on the Atlantic Ocean but is otherwise …

Delays and Red Flags: Elections in DR Congo - thesentry.org
Delays and Red Flags: Elections in DR Congo September 2018 1 1 Cover image: Voter outreach, June 2018. Photo: CENI. Delays and Red Flags: Elections in DR Congo By The Sentry team …

TOPONYMIC FACTFILE Congo - GOV.UK
French is the only official language in Congo, but there are two national languages as recorded in the 2015 Constitution: Kituba (mkw), a Creole language based on Kikongo, spoken principally …

SECTION 1: COUNTRY OVERVIEW
Currency of government (official) fees: Central African CFA franc (XAF) Language for filing IP applications: French GDP per capita (USD): 2 857 (World Bank, 2023) Human Development …

DRC Final [Formatted TG Final] - London School of Economics …
Congo’s elected president after independence, Patrice Lumumba, was ... French has to be added as the official colonial language. 4 The term was first used in 19th century England and …

Planned withdrawal of MONUSCO from the Democratic …
JORDC : Official Journal of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Journal officiel de la République Démocratique du Congo) LRA : Lords Resistane Army LUCHA : Fight for Change …

Language Of Dr Congo - omn.am
Language Of Dr Congo A Bibliography of Congo Languages Frederick Starr,1908 Languages Imperialism Or Cohabitation in DR Congo Cimwanga Badibanga Arthur,2019 Comparative …

Language Vitality of Spanish in Equatorial Guinea: …
at least two languages. It was observed that Spanish was the functional language in almost all the sociocultural contexts or domains. Equatorial Guineans share that Spanish is important to their …

Document ID OCW CD 957 (CD) - University of Pretoria
Its official language is French. The national languages are Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili and Tshiluba. The State guarantees their promotion without discrimination. ... of the Congo possess legal …

West Africa - University of Pennsylvania
Language Families Few regions of the world boast as diverse and dense a collection of language families as West Africa. It is home to the three major language families on the African …

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Access, Governance …
The World Bank DRC Electricity & Water Access and Governance Project (P173506) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COMMITMENT PLAN (ESCP) Official Use …

Official Language Of Congo Copy - interactive.cornish.edu
Official Language Of Congo Rosemary C. Salomone. Official Language Of Congo: A Bibliography of Congo Languages (Classic Reprint) Frederick Starr,2016-06-26 Excerpt from A …

Official Language Of Congo Full PDF - interactive.cornish.edu
Official Language Of Congo: A Bibliography of Congo Languages (Classic Reprint) Frederick Starr,2017-10-15 Excerpt from A Bibliography of Congo Languages Our intention has been to …

Official Language Of Congo Copy - interactive.cornish.edu
tell us about language and about African societies in general It is essential reading for upper level undergraduates postgraduates and researchers in sociolinguistics especially those interested …

Official Language Of Congo Full PDF - interactive.cornish.edu
Official Language Of Congo William D. Davies,Stanley Dubinsky. Official Language Of Congo: A Bibliography of Congo Languages (Classic Reprint) Frederick Starr,2017-10-15 Excerpt from …

Belgian Intervention Policy in the DRC: Causes and …
The author used French and English language sources. Quotations from ... Congo (DRC),” Official Journal of the European Union, L 112/21, 3 May 2005. [VOLUME IV, NUMÉRO 2, ...

A m e nd m e nt s t hr ough 2 0 1 1 t he) 's C ons t i t ut i on …
cons ti tuteproj ect. org P DF g e ne r a te d: 27 Apr 2022, 15:32 Cong o ( De m ocra t ic Re public of t he ) 2 0 0 5 ( re v. 2 0 1 1 ) Pa g e 3 Tra ns la t e d by J e fri J .

Linguistic Features of Sesotho Languages - National …
families namely Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo and Khoisan (Heine & Nurse, 2000:1). •Except for English and Afrikaans, the languages of South Africa, fall under the Niger-Congo …

Official Language Of Congo Full PDF - interactive.cornish.edu
Official Language Of Congo: A Bibliography of Congo Languages (Classic Reprint) Frederick Starr,2017-10-15 Excerpt from A Bibliography of Congo Languages Our intention has been to …

Du contact des langues aux stratégies langagières dans le …
en République démocratique du Congo From language contact to language strategies in the electoral discourse in the Democratic Republic of Congo Alain ISHAMALANGENGE …

BRIDGE: Benchmarking Large Language Models for …
2 also offer the promise to benefit patients by providing simple interpretations of complex medical information11 and personalized preventive advice,12 promoting patient engagement, …

Democratic Republic of Congo Fiscal Guide 2019 - KPMG
République du Congo, Gabon, Tanzanie Currency : The official currency is the Congolese Franc (CDF). US Dollars is also accepted. Official language : French, and four national languages …

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO - The World Factbook
the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. European exploration of the Congo Basin in the 1870s brought the Congo territory under Belgian control. The Republic of the …

Demand Analysis Report- Democratic Republic of the Congo
linguistic groups. French, introduced by Belgian colonists, is the Congo’s official language. However, most of the Congolese are fluent in other languages such as Swahili, Lingala, …

Education System Brief: DRC - Opportunity International …
of those in school started their education after the age of 6. The language of instruction is French at all levels of the education system. 1.1 STRUCTURE Pre-Primary Education Early Childhood …

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday …
Dr Congo Official Holidays in 2013 Jan 1: New Year's Day Jan 4: Martyr's Day Jan 16: Heroes Day Jan 17: Heroes Day May 1: Labour Day May 17: Liberation Day Jun 29: Independence …

Du contact des langues aux stratégies langagières dans le …
en République démocratique du Congo From language contact to language strategies in the electoral discourse in the Democratic Republic of Congo Alain ISHAMALANGENGE …

DRC: Legal analysis of DRC legislation on the right to freedom …
DRC: The Democratic Republic of Congo UN: The United Nations FARDC: Democratic Republic of Congo’s Armed Forces PNC: Congolese National Police Introduction The right to freedom …

CONGO, REP 2023 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT - U.S.
Republic of the Congo during the year. Significant human rights issues included credible reports of: arbitrary or unlawful killings, including extrajudicial killings ; torture or cruel, inhuman, or ...

Cultural Languages and Contact Vernaculars in the Republic …
the Sahara the young Republic of the Congo is faced with the complex problem of the linguistic factor in its national development. Though with the choice of French as the official language of …

TOPONYMIC FACTFILE Rwanda - GOV.UK
national language and spoken almost universally, French is widely spoken as the former colonial language. English became an additional official language in 20087 and Swahili in 20178. …

Democratic Republic of Congo: Mapping the conflict - Open …
2018. French is the official language; four others national languages are spoken: Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo and Tshiluba.1 2. Background Evidence of settlements in DRC reach back 80.000 …

Congo, DR - BTI 2024
turmoil in recent months, including Bunia, Beni and Masisi in the far east of DR Congo, and Kasai in central DR Congo. Across the country, the security situation has deteriorated markedly as …

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday …
w w w . t i m e b i e . c o m Jan 2016 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 17181920212223 24252627282930 31 Mar 2016 S M T W T F S

EXPANDING ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY AND SERVICES - World …
OF CONGO EXPANDING ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY AND SERVICES In a recently liberalized power sector, scaling up access to electricity relies heavily on the capacity of the government …

Tense and Aspect of the Mashi Verb Phrase - IJSSHR
This paper focuses on the VP of the Mashi language or Shi, a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Guthrie 1967). Mashi is also a Bantu language of Zambia and Angola. …

The Origins of Language - JSTOR
French language in relations with the Congolese.3 Under the rubric, 'Duties of District Commissioners', the administrative manual in 1907 summarised the official language policy: It …

Aspects of Multilingualism in the Democratic Republic of the …
Bas-Congo Province. Cataract dialect in Bas-Congo Province and around Mbanza Manteke, Fioti north of Boma, and scattered communities along the Congo River from Brazzaville to its …

Etiology of Juvenile Criminality in Kinshasa Said Kuluna …
Psychology Department, University of Lubumbashi, DR Congo *Corresponding author: basilemulwani@yahoo.fr Abstract Background: The kuluna phenomenon is a shape of juvenile …

CONGOLESE LANGUAGES VIS-À-VIS FOREIGN LANGUAGES: …
official languages. The status of the African native languages is either Mother Tongue (MT) or first language (L1), facing that of foreign language (FL) and second language (L2). Unfortunately, …

Update on the Mining Code of The Democratic Republic of …
published at the Official Gazette (Journal Officiel) but the New Mining Code provides that it shall enter into force on the date of its execution (9 March 2018). Certain legal practitioners are of …

INCREASING ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY IN THE …
Democratic Republic of Congo. Opportunities and challenges. Washington, DC: World Bank. Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along …