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| economic and social reforms: Reforms and Economic Transformation in India Jagdish Bhagwati, Arvind Panagariya, 2012-10-05 Reforms and Economic Transformation in India is the second volume in the series Studies in Indian Economic Policies. The first volume, India's Reforms: How They Produced Inclusive Growth (OUP, 2012), systematically demonstrated that reforms-led growth in India led to reduced poverty among all social groups. They also led to shifts in attitudes whereby citizens overwhelmingly acknowledge the benefits that accelerated growth has brought them and as voters, they now reward the governments that deliver superior economic outcomes and punish those that fail to do so. This latest volume takes as its starting point the fact that while reforms have undoubtedly delivered in terms of poverty reduction and associated social objectives, the impact has not been as substantial as seen in other reform-oriented economies such as South Korea and Taiwan in the 1960s and 1970s, and more recently, in China. The overarching hypothesis of the volume is that the smaller reduction in poverty has been the result of slower transformation of the economy from a primarily agrarian to a modern, industrial one. Even as the GDP share of agriculture has seen rapid decline, its employment share has declined very gradually. More than half of the workforce in India still remains in agriculture. In addition, non-farm workers are overwhelmingly in the informal sector. Against this background, the nine original essays by eminent economists pursue three broad themes using firm level data in both industry and services. The papers in part I ask why the transformation in India has been slow in terms of the movement of workers out of agriculture, into industry and services, and from informal to formal employment. They address what India needs to do to speed up this transformation. They specifically show that severe labor-market distortions and policy bias against large firms has been a key factor behind the slow transformation. The papers in part II analyze the transformation that reforms have brought about within and across enterprises. For example, they investigate the impact of privatization on enterprise profitability. Part III addresses the manner in which the reforms have helped promote social transformation. Here the papers analyze the impact the reforms have had on the fortunes of the socially disadvantaged groups in terms of wage and education outcomes and as entrepreneurs. |
| economic and social reforms: Class and Schools Richard Rothstein, 2004 Contemporary public policy assumes that the achievement gap between black and white students could be closed if only schools would do a better job. According to Richard Rothstein, Closing the gaps between lower-class and middle-class children requires social and economic reform as well as school improvement. Unfortunately, the trend is to shift most of the burden to schools, as if they alone can eradicate poverty and inequality. In this book, Rothstein points the way toward social and economic reforms that would give all children a more equal chance to succeed in school. This book features: a summary of numerous studies linking school achievement to health care quality, nutrition, childrearing styles, housing stability, parental economic security, and more ; aA look at erroneous and misleading data that underlie commonplace claims that some schools beat the demographic odds and therefore any school can close the achievement gap if only it adopted proper practices. ; and an analysis of how the over-emphasis of standardized tests in federal law obscures the true achievement gap and makes narrowing it more difficult. |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Reforms and Social Exclusion K. S. Chalam, 2011-08-08 Economic Reforms and Social Exclusion is an analytical study that focuses on the socially marginalized and excluded groups in India since the onset of liberalization. It examines how the liberal economic reforms have impacted socio-economic categories—caste, tribe and religious minorities—subjecting them to further deprivation. Case studies of handloom weavers, VRS workers and the temperance movement have awarded this study empirical reality. The book also offers a refreshing approach to the study of economic reforms through philosophical and theoretical arguments on issues like civil society, religion, caste and alienation. Since most of the scholarly works on social exclusion are based on Western notions of 'deprivation' and 'exclusion', this work's unique focus on India lends the reader a context-specific understanding of the subject. |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Reforms in Chile R. Ffrench-Davis, 2015-12-04 This book provides an in-depth analysis of neo-liberal and progressive economic reforms and policies implemented in Chile since the Pinochet dictatorship. The core thesis of the book is that there is not just 'one Chilean economic model', but that several have been in force since the coup of 1973. |
| economic and social reforms: The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China Susan L. Shirk, 2023-04-28 In the past decade, China was able to carry out economic reform without political reform, while the Soviet Union attempted the opposite strategy. How did China succeed at economic market reform without changing communist rule? Susan Shirk shows that Chinese communist political institutions are more flexible and less centralized than their Soviet counterparts were. Shirk pioneers a rational choice institutional approach to analyze policy-making in a non-democratic authoritarian country and to explain the history of Chinese market reforms from 1979 to the present. Drawing on extensive interviews with high-level Chinese officials, she pieces together detailed histories of economic reform policy decisions and shows how the political logic of Chinese communist institutions shaped those decisions. Combining theoretical ambition with the flavor of on-the-ground policy-making in Beijing, this book is a major contribution to the study of reform in China and other communist countries. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1994. In the past decade, China was able to carry out economic reform without political reform, while the Soviet Union attempted the opposite strategy. How did China succeed at economic market reform without changing communist rule? Susan Shirk shows that Chine |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Regulation and Its Reform Nancy L. Rose, 2014-08-29 The past thirty years have witnessed a transformation of government economic intervention in broad segments of industry throughout the world. Many industries historically subject to economic price and entry controls have been largely deregulated, including natural gas, trucking, airlines, and commercial banking. However, recent concerns about market power in restructured electricity markets, airline industry instability amid chronic financial stress, and the challenges created by the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, which allowed commercial banks to participate in investment banking, have led to calls for renewed market intervention. Economic Regulation and Its Reform collects research by a group of distinguished scholars who explore these and other issues surrounding government economic intervention. Determining the consequences of such intervention requires a careful assessment of the costs and benefits of imperfect regulation. Moreover, government interventions may take a variety of forms, from relatively nonintrusive performance-based regulations to more aggressive antitrust and competition policies and barriers to entry. This volume introduces the key issues surrounding economic regulation, provides an assessment of the economic effects of regulatory reforms over the past three decades, and examines how these insights bear on some of today’s most significant concerns in regulatory policy. |
| economic and social reforms: Cuban Economic and Social Development Jorge I. Domínguez, 2012 The transformation of the Cuban economy over the last decade is only likely to accelerate. In this edited volume, prominent Cuban economists and sociologists present a clear analysis of Cuba's economic and social circumstances and suggest steps for Cuba to reactivate economic growth and improve the welfare of its citizens. |
| economic and social reforms: The Political Economy of Reform Lessons from Pensions, Product Markets and Labour Markets in Ten OECD Countries Tompson William, 2009-08-24 By looking at 20 reform efforts in ten OECD countries, this report examines why some reforms are implemented and other languish. |
| economic and social reforms: To Get Rich Is Glorious Jacques deLisle, Avery Goldstein, 2019-09-24 In 1978, China launched economic reforms that have resulted in one of history’s most dramatic national transformations. The reforms removed bureaucratic obstacles to economic growth and tapped China’s immense reserves of labor and entrepreneurial talent to unleash unparalleled economic growth in the country. In the four decades since, China has become the world’s second-largest economy after the United States, and a leading force in international trade and investment. As the contributors to this volume show, China also faces daunting challenges in sustaining growth, continuing its economic ransformation, addressing the adverse consequences of economic success, and dealing with mounting suspicion from the United States and other trade and investment partners. China also confronts risks stemming from the project to expand its influence across the globe through infrastructure investments and other projects under the Belt and Road Initiative. At the same time, China’s current leader, Xi Jinping, appears determined to make his own lasting mark on the country and on China’s use of its economic clout to shape the world around it. |
| economic and social reforms: India's Economic Reforms, 1991-2001 Vijay Joshi, I. M. D Little, 1996-09-26 India is the world's largest democracy, and second-largest developing country. For forty years it has also been one of the most dirigiste and autarkic. The 1980s saw most developing and erstwhile communist countries opt for market economic systems. India belatedly initiated similar reforms in 1991. This book evaluates the progress of those reforms, covering all of the major areas of policy; stabilization, taxation and trade, domestic and external finance, agriculture, industry, the social sectors, and poverty alleviation. Will India realize its great potential by freeing itself from the self-imposed constraints that have hindered its development? This is the important and fascinating question considered by this book. |
| economic and social reforms: India Transformed Rakesh Mohan, 2018-09-25 In this commemorative volume, India's top business leaders and economic luminaries come together to provide a balanced picture of the consequences of the country’s economic reforms, which were initiated in 1991. What were the reforms? What were they intended for? How have they affected the overall functioning of the economy? With contributions from Mukesh Ambani, Narayana Murthy, Sunil Mittal, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Shivshankar Menon, Montek Singh Ahluwalia, T.N. Ninan, Sanjaya Baru, Naushad Forbes, Omkar Goswami and R. Gopalakrishnan, India Transformed delves deep into the life of an economically liberalized India through the eyes of the people who helped transform it. |
| economic and social reforms: Illiberal Reformers Thomas C. Leonard, 2016-01-12 The pivotal and troubling role of progressive-era economics in the shaping of modern American liberalism In Illiberal Reformers, Thomas Leonard reexamines the economic progressives whose ideas and reform agenda underwrote the Progressive Era dismantling of laissez-faire and the creation of the regulatory welfare state, which, they believed, would humanize and rationalize industrial capitalism. But not for all. Academic social scientists such as Richard T. Ely, John R. Commons, and Edward A. Ross, together with their reform allies in social work, charity, journalism, and law, played a pivotal role in establishing minimum-wage and maximum-hours laws, workmen's compensation, antitrust regulation, and other hallmarks of the regulatory welfare state. But even as they offered uplift to some, economic progressives advocated exclusion for others, and did both in the name of progress. Leonard meticulously reconstructs the influence of Darwinism, racial science, and eugenics on scholars and activists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, revealing a reform community deeply ambivalent about America's poor. Illiberal Reformers shows that the intellectual champions of the regulatory welfare state proposed using it not to help those they portrayed as hereditary inferiors but to exclude them. |
| economic and social reforms: India's Reforms Jagdish Bhagwati, Arvind Panagariya, 2012-04-26 Openness has affected neither poverty nor inequality adversely. When surveyed, people in disproportionately large volumes from all groups say that their fortunes are improving. The essays in this volume show that trade oppenness has helped reduce poverty among most social groups. |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Reforms in New Democracies Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira, José María Maravall, Adam Przeworski, 1993-04-30 In this book the authors assess the experiences of transition in Southern Europe, Latin America and Eastern Europe in order to determine what the conditions for successful transitions are. They argue against the big bang approach, espoused by many advisors to reforming countries, on the grounds that this approach bypasses the newly formed institutions of democracy that ultimately may undermine the necessary consensus to support painful economic reforms. The most successful reforms, they argue, have been those agreed upon through a process of democratic negotiation. A new democracy must offer politically important groups incentives to process their demands within the democratic institutional framework; otherwise, their support will be tenuous and the system may collapse under the strains incurred by painful economic reforms. |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Policy Reforms 2007 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007-02-15 Across the OECD, governments are seeking to undertake structural reforms to strengthen their economic growth. Based on a broad set of indicators of structural policies and performance, Going for Growth 2007 takes stock of the recent progress made in implementing policy reforms and identifies, for each OECD country, five policy priorities to lift growth. It calls for reforms in areas such as product and labour market regulation, taxation, pension, income support, health and education to boost labour productivity and employment. The set of internationally comparable indicators provided here enables countries to assess their economic performance and structural policies in a broad range of areas. The publication puts together the knowledge accumulated at the OECD in these various fields. In addition, this issue contains four analytical chapters covering: The employment effects of policies and institutions Product market regulation and productivity convergence Policies to strengthen competition in product markets Factors shaping the implementation of structural reform |
| economic and social reforms: How Reform Worked in China Yingyi Qian, 2017-11-24 A noted Chinese economist examines the mechanisms behind China's economic reforms, arguing that universal principles and specific implementations are equally important. As China has transformed itself from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, economists have tried to understand and interpret the success of Chinese reform. As the Chinese economist Yingyi Qian explains, there are two schools of thought on Chinese reform: the “School of Universal Principles,” which ascribes China's successful reform to the workings of the free market, and the “School of Chinese Characteristics,” which holds that China's reform is successful precisely because it did not follow the economics of the market but instead relied on the government. In this book, Qian offers a third perspective, taking certain elements from each school of thought but emphasizing not why reform worked but how it did. Economics is a science, but economic reform is applied science and engineering. To a practitioner, it is more useful to find a feasible reform path than the theoretically best way. The key to understanding how reform has worked in China, Qian argues, is to consider the way reform designs respond to initial historical conditions and contemporary constraints. Qian examines the role of “transitional institutions”—not “best practice institutions” but “incentive-compatible institutions”—in Chinese reform; the dual-track approach to market liberalization; the ownership of firms, viewed both theoretically and empirically; government decentralization, offering and testing hypotheses about its link to local economic development; and the specific historical conditions of China's regional-based central planning. |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Policy Reforms 2021 Going for Growth: Shaping a Vibrant Recovery OECD, 2021-04-14 Going for Growth 2021 identifies country-specific structural policy priorities for the recovery across OECD and key non-member countries (Argentina, Brazil, The People’s Republic of China, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia and South Africa). It frames the main policy challenges of the current juncture along three main areas: building resilience; facilitating reallocation and boosting productivity growth for all; and supporting people in transition. |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Policy Reforms 2018 Collectif, 2018-03-19 Going for Growth is the OECD’s regular report on structural reforms in policy areas that have been identified as priorities to boost incomes in OECD and selected non-OECD countries (Argentina, Brazil, the People's Republic of China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Lithuania, the Russian Federation and South Africa). Policy priorities are updated every two years and presented in a full report, which includes individual country notes with detailed policy recommendations to address the priorities as well as a follow-up on actions taken. The next full report will be published in 2019. The interim report takes stock of the actions taken by governments over the past year in the policy areas identified as priorities for growth. This stocktaking is supported by internationally comparable indicators that enable countries to assess their economic performance and structural policies in a wide range of areas. |
| economic and social reforms: Democracy and the Market Adam Przeworski, 1991-07-26 The quest for freedom from hunger and repression has triggered in recent years a dramatic, worldwide reform of political and economic systems. Never have so many people enjoyed, or at least experimented with democratic institutions. However, many strategies for economic development in Eastern Europe and Latin America have failed with the result that entire economic systems on both continents are being transformed. This major book analyzes recent transitions to democracy and market-oriented economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Drawing in a quite distinctive way on models derived from political philosophy, economics, and game theory, Professor Przeworski also considers specific data on individual countries. Among the questions raised by the book are: What should we expect from these experiments in democracy and market economy? What new economic systems will emerge? Will these transitions result in new democracies or old dictatorships? |
| economic and social reforms: Development Challenges of India After Twenty Five Years of Economic Reforms Nripendra Kishore Mishra, 2020-10-14 This book revisits some of the persisting challenges of development of India, which remain unresolved even after twenty-five years of economic reforms and almost fifteen years of high growth rate. These include defining purpose of development, inequality, labour, work, unemployment, agrarian distress and migration. The book questions the overemphasis on growth to the extent of neglecting basic issues of development. With a number of contributions re-imagining development and its political economy, the book discusses above mentioned issues in light of new data and more recent conceptions of the issues. The contributors of this volume are eminent researchers in their respective field. Presenting primary as well as secondary data, the book considers the latest advances and research and also addresses new challenges like the global reorganization of production and the consequences for labour and the world of work, along with skills question. World of work has received detailed investigation in this book. This is a timely addition in existing literature especially in context of pandemic and lockdown. Informality and un/employment question is addressed in this context. Relationship among poverty, inequality and growth is examined in light of newer understanding. Agrarian distress is looked in a broader context. A number of papers are examining migration question by expanding coverage of migration and including labour mobility as apart of migration debate. The present crisis of migrant labour and absence of social security for these workers is also discussed. This book is primarily intended for those interested in recent advances on some of the basic aspects of development, like poverty, inequality, informality, word of work, migration and labour mobility. It is also useful for researchers, policy makers, journalists and civil society organizations working on these issues. |
| economic and social reforms: The Origins of the Liberal Welfare Reforms 1906-1914 J. Roy Hay, 1975 |
| economic and social reforms: The Political Economy of the Abe Government and Abenomics Reforms Takeo Hoshi, Phillip Y. Lipscy, 2021-02-25 Explores the politics and economics of the Abe government and evaluates major policies, such as Abenomics policy reforms. |
| economic and social reforms: How China Escaped Shock Therapy Isabella M. Weber, 2021-05-26 China has become deeply integrated into the world economy. Yet, gradual marketization has facilitated the country’s rise without leading to its wholesale assimilation to global neoliberalism. This book uncovers the fierce contest about economic reforms that shaped China’s path. In the first post-Mao decade, China’s reformers were sharply divided. They agreed that China had to reform its economic system and move toward more marketization—but struggled over how to go about it. Should China destroy the core of the socialist system through shock therapy, or should it use the institutions of the planned economy as market creators? With hindsight, the historical record proves the high stakes behind the question: China embarked on an economic expansion commonly described as unprecedented in scope and pace, whereas Russia’s economy collapsed under shock therapy. Based on extensive research, including interviews with key Chinese and international participants and World Bank officials as well as insights gleaned from unpublished documents, the book charts the debate that ultimately enabled China to follow a path to gradual reindustrialization. Beyond shedding light on the crossroads of the 1980s, it reveals the intellectual foundations of state-market relations in reform-era China through a longue durée lens. Overall, the book delivers an original perspective on China’s economic model and its continuing contestations from within and from without. |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Policy Reforms 2010 Going for Growth OECD, 2010-03-11 Going for Growth 2010 examines the structural policy measures that have been taken in response to the crisis, evaluates their possible impact on long-term economic growth, and identifies the most imperative reforms needed to strengthen recovery. |
| economic and social reforms: Global Governance Reform Colin I. Bradford, Johannes Linn, 2007-08-29 The current international system of institutions and governance groups is proving inadequate to meet many of today's most important challenges, such as terrorism, poverty, nuclear proliferation, financial integration, and climate change. The International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and UN were founded after World War II, and their structures of voting power and representation have become obsolete, no longer reflecting today's balance of economic and political power. This insightful book examines how to make such institutions more responsive and effective. Institutional reform is critically needed but currently in stalemate. A new push is needed from powerful nations acting together through a reformed and enlarged G-8 that includes emerging economies, such as China and India. Global challenges demand integrated approaches, with greater coordination among international institutions. Global Governance Reform argues that without reconstituting the Group of 8 summit into a larger, more representative group of leaders, with a new mandate to provide strategic guidance to the system of international institutions, the world will fall further behind in addressing global challenges. The path to global reform is defined by the need to act in coordinated ways on summit and institutional reform, and this book lights the way. |
| economic and social reforms: Uganda's Economic Reforms Florence Kuteesa, Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile, Alan Whitworth, Tim Williamson, 2010 In recent years Uganda has consistently been one of the fastest growing economies in Africa, leading to a substantial reduction in poverty. This book looks at how the country managed to carry out this economic transformation in the wake of Idi Amin's rule and the civil war of the 1980s. |
| economic and social reforms: Under-Rewarded Efforts Santiago Levy Algazi, 2018-07-11 Why has an economy that has done so many things right failed to grow fast? Under-Rewarded Efforts traces Mexico’s disappointing growth to flawed microeconomic policies that have suppressed productivity growth and nullified the expected benefits of the country’s reform efforts. Fast growth will not occur doing more of the same or focusing on issues that may be key bottlenecks to productivity growth elsewhere, but not in Mexico. It will only result from inclusive institutions that effectively protect workers against risks, redistribute towards those in need, and simultaneously align entrepreneurs’ and workers’ incentives to raise productivity. |
| economic and social reforms: OECD Tax Policy Studies Tax Policy Reform and Economic Growth OECD, 2010-11-03 This report investigates how tax structures can best be designed to support GDP per capita growth. |
| economic and social reforms: Methods of Social Reform William Stanley Jevons, 1883 |
| economic and social reforms: Reforms in Long-Term Care Policies in Europe Costanzo Ranci, Emmanuele Pavolini, 2012-11-08 Over the last two decades, many changes have happened to the social welfare policies of various industrial countries. Citizens have seen their pensions, unemployment benefits, and general healthcare policies shrink as “belt tightening” measures are enforced. But in contrast, long-term care has seen a general growth in public financing, an expansion of beneficiaries, and, more generally, an attempt to define larger social responsibilities and related social rights. The aim of this book is to describe and interpret the changes introduced in long-term care policies in Western Europe. The volume argues that recent reforms have brought about an increasing convergence in LTC policies. Most of the new programs have developed a new general approach to long-term care, based on a better integration of social care and health care. The book explores increasing public support given to family care work (in the past, the family would take care of the elderly or infirm) and increasing growth and recognition of a extended social care market (by which care has shifted from a moral obligation based on family reciprocity to a paid, professional activity). A new social care arrangement has therefore been developing in Western countries, based on a new mix of family obligations, market provision, and public support. In order to understand such changes, this analysis will take into account the social and economical impact of these reforms. |
| economic and social reforms: Economic Policy Reforms 2012 Going for Growth OECD, 2012-02-24 Going for Growth is the OECD’s annual report highlighting developments in structural policies in OECD countries. It identifies structural reform priorities to boost real income for each OECD country and key emerging economies. |
| economic and social reforms: International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home , 2012-10-09 Available online via SciVerse ScienceDirect, or in print for a limited time only, The International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, Seven Volume Set is the first international reference work for housing scholars and professionals, that uses studies in economics and finance, psychology, social policy, sociology, anthropology, geography, architecture, law, and other disciplines to create an international portrait of housing in all its facets: from meanings of home at the microscale, to impacts on macro-economy. This comprehensive work is edited by distinguished housing expert Susan J. Smith, together with Marja Elsinga, Ong Seow Eng, Lorna Fox O'Mahony and Susan Wachter, and a multi-disciplinary editorial team of 20 world-class scholars in all. Working at the cutting edge of their subject, liaising with an expert editorial advisory board, and engaging with policy-makers and professionals, the editors have worked for almost five years to secure the quality, reach, relevance and coherence of this work. A broad and inclusive table of contents signals (or tesitifes to) detailed investigation of historical and theoretical material as well as in-depth analysis of current issues. This seven-volume set contains over 500 entries, listed alphabetically, but grouped into seven thematic sections including methods and approaches; economics and finance; environments; home and homelessness; institutions; policy; and welfare and well-being. Housing professionals, both academics and practitioners, will find The International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home useful for teaching, discovery, and research needs. International in scope, engaging with trends in every world region The editorial board and contributors are drawn from a wide constituency, collating expertise from academics, policy makers, professionals and practitioners, and from every key center for housing research Every entry stands alone on its merits and is accessed alphabetically, yet each is fully cross-referenced, and attached to one of seven thematic categories whose ‘wholes' far exceed the sum of their parts |
| economic and social reforms: Corruption and Reform Edward L. Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, 2007-11-01 Despite recent corporate scandals, the United States is among the world’s least corrupt nations. But in the nineteenth century, the degree of fraud and corruption in America approached that of today’s most corrupt developing nations, as municipal governments and robber barons alike found new ways to steal from taxpayers and swindle investors. In Corruption and Reform, contributors explore this shadowy period of United States history in search of better methods to fight corruption worldwide today. Contributors to this volume address the measurement and consequences of fraud and corruption and the forces that ultimately led to their decline within the United States. They show that various approaches to reducing corruption have met with success, such as deregulation, particularly “free banking,” in the 1830s. In the 1930s, corruption was kept in check when new federal bureaucracies replaced local administrations in doling out relief. Another deterrent to corruption was the independent press, which kept a watchful eye over government and business. These and other facets of American history analyzed in this volume make it indispensable as background for anyone interested in corruption today. |
| economic and social reforms: The Age of Reform Richard Hofstadter, 2011-12-21 WINNER OF THE PULITZER PRIZE • From the two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning author and preeminent historian comes a landmark in American political thought that examines the passion for progress and reform during 1890 to 1940. The Age of Reform searches out the moral and emotional motives of the reformers the myths and dreams in which they believed, and the realities with which they had to compromise. |
| economic and social reforms: Labour Market and Social Protection Reforms in International Perspective Giuliano Bonoli, 2017-07-05 Social protection systems and labour markets have undergone major changes in the past two decades. Welfare states are being reformed, scaled back and modernised; labour markets, at the same time, are more precarious, more feminised, more unequal, and throughout the OECD area, older. The interaction between labour markets and social protection has become increasingly crucial to the social and economic policy mix concerning unemployment, the transformation of work, the new poverty, and even demographics. Against this background, an interdisciplinary team of leading labour market and social protection experts from various OECD countries examine the multifaceted aspects of the changing relationship between social protection systems and labour markets. They identify and analyse key emerging issues, such as the link between employment and social protection financing, the adaptation of social protection systems to women's career patterns, and the development of new forms of social protection that aim at promoting employment. With practical policy guides and recommendations using case studies and comparative chapters, this will be engaging reading for policy-makers, social actors and academics alike. |
| economic and social reforms: Kosovo Saumya Mitra, 2001-01-01 This report contains discussion of the principal economic and social reform policy tasks facing Kosovo. It is intended to present ideas to the interim civil administration for the consolidation of peace. Key reforms are: the formulation of a sustainable budget; the establishment of a liberal trade and customs regime; use of a hard currency for internal transactions; creation of a reformed framework for encouraging the growth of private SMEs. |
| economic and social reforms: Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World Axel Börsch-Supan, Courtney C. Coile, 2025-03-10 A global analysis of the effects of social security reforms on the retirement incentives and labor force trends of older workers. Employment among older men and women has increased dramatically in recent years, reversing a downward trend in the closing decades of the twentieth century. Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World examines how changing retirement incentives have reshaped labor force participation trends among older workers. The chapters feature country-specific analyses for Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They find that while there is significant heterogeneity across countries, the reforms of recent decades have generally reduced the implicit tax on work at older ages. These changes correlate positively with labor force participation. The studies exploit the variation in the timing and extent of reforms of retirement incentives and employ microeconometric methods to investigate whether this correlation reflects a causal relationship. Policy changes appear to have contributed to rising labor force activity, but other factors like the role of women in the labor force, improved health, and changes in private pensions likely also play important roles. |
| economic and social reforms: Structural Reforms, Productivity and Technological Change in Latin America Jorge M. Katz, United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, 2001 In the last ten to fifteen years, profound structural reforms have moved Latin America and the Caribbean from closed, state-dominated economies to ones that are more market-oriented and open. Policymakers expected that these changes would speed up growth. This book is part of a multi-year project to determine whether these expectation have been fulfilled. Focusing on technological change, the impact of the reforms on the process of innovation is examined. It notes that the development process is proving to be highly heterogenous across industries, regions and firms and can be described as strongly inequitable. This differentiation that has emerged has implications for job creation, trade balance, and the role of small and medium sized firms. This ultimately suggests, amongst other things, the need for policies to better spread the use of new technologies. |
| economic and social reforms: The Rise of Historical Economics and Social Reform in Germany, 1864-1894 Erik Grimmer-Solem, 2003 An investigation of the thought, activity and influence of the economist and social reformer Schmoller in the era of Bismarck. |
| economic and social reforms: The OECD Report on Regulatory Reform Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1997 Report on the significance, direction, and means of reform in regulatory regimes in member countries. Contents: 1. Why reform regulations? 2. Effects of regulatory reform 3. Supporting public policy goals 4. Strategies for successful reform. |
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ABSTRACT: In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging market and developing economies are grappling with economic scarring, social tension, and reduced policy space. …
Economic and Social Reforms in the GDR - JSTOR
There are two goals which serve as the basis for building and developing a socialist society, and it is in light of these goals that reforms in the GDR must be considered:' 1) An increase in efficiency of …
Economic Governance Reforms to Support Inclusive Growth in …
Reforms to improve economic governance and reduce corruption vulnera-bility are key to fostering higher and more inclusive growth—factors gaining importance as countries recover from the …
The Political Costs of Reforms: Fear or Reality? - IMF
First, the government adopted economic reforms in parallel with sweeping political reforms aimed at fostering democratization. Second, the government engaged with society and the political …
Social Consequences of New Economic Policies - JSTOR
Feb 13, 1993 · This is followed by a brief survey of the empirical experience of countries in different parts of the world with respect to the social consequences of economic reforms.
Guiding Principles on Human Rights Impact Assessment of …
The Center for Economic and Social Rights (CESR) has developed a methodology for assessing the human rights impacts of fiscal consolidation policies, and has conducted analyses of the …
3 UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY OF …
This chapter explores the factors that shape public attitudes toward structural reforms and assesses the effectiveness of various strategies for increasing the social acceptability of policy …
UNIT 28 ECONOMIC REFORMS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
What is the content of new economic policy package; What has been the relative importance attached to the different aspects of policy; What has been the pace and progress of reform …
Framework for Economic and Social Reforms - The MIMU
This Framework of Economic and Social Reforms (FESR), drawing upon the guidelines set by the President as well as the existing priorities set in the Fifth Five-Year Plan and other annual and …
ZAMBIA: A CASE STUDY OF ECONOMIC REFORM AND …
Part I will analysis the macro-economic areas of (1) SAP economic reforms, (2) trade, (3) investment, and (4) debt; Part II will highlight responses by Partners; and Part III will explain …
Understanding the Political Economy of Reforms Evidence …
This Economic Brief identifies the main political economy conditions facilitating or hindering the implementation of reforms. It analyses and draws lessons from some of the most significant …
ECONOMIC REFORMS, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
This paper addresses these questions relating to economic reforms, poverty and inequality. There has been visible change but some failures in the processes and outcomes in the post-reform …
Social Impact of Economic Reforms in India: A Critical …
Focusing on the impact of economic reforms on the social sector in India by comparing the data of the pre-reform period and the reform period, the paper notices a declining trend in the …
Economic reform, social development and conflict in India
The paper elaborates on changing economic paradigms in India over the past six decades that finally led to structural adjustment in 1991. The paper investigates how economic reforms …
Institutional Changes of Cuba’s Economic-Social Reforms
......................................... 24 Introduction This chapter1 studies Cuba’s ongoing process of institutional change, focusing on five central structural reforms: updating the...
Microsoft Word - the 1991 Reforms Indian economic Growth …
This paper analyzes the effects of the reforms initiated in India following the balance of payments (BOP) crisis of 1991 on economic performance. We do not find persuasive the contention of …
A Theory of Economic Reform - World Bank
Discussions of socialist economic reform focus on two sharply differentiated policy strategies: one a rapid, sweeping approach, as embraced by Poland; the other an evolutionary approach as …
The Mexican Revolution: An Economic and Social Revival
Being that the economic and social constraints of the Mexican Revolution represent such large areas of study, many other prominent historians have furthered Knight’s arguments. Stuart …
Impact of Economic Reforms on Social Sector Expenditure in …
Given the importance of the social sector in India's context, it is very relevant and useful to examine the impact of economic reforms on social sector expenditures after more than a …
3 UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY OF …
3 UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY OF STRUCTURAL REFORMS - ONLINE ANNEXES Online Annexes 3.1 to 3.4 to Chapter 3 of the October 2024 World Economic …
Structural Reforms to Accelerate Growth, Ease Policy Trade …
ABSTRACT: In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging market and developing economies are grappling with economic scarring, social tension, and reduced policy space. …
Economic and Social Reforms in the GDR - JSTOR
There are two goals which serve as the basis for building and developing a socialist society, and it is in light of these goals that reforms in the GDR must be considered:' 1) An increase in …
Economic Governance Reforms to Support Inclusive Growth …
Reforms to improve economic governance and reduce corruption vulnera-bility are key to fostering higher and more inclusive growth—factors gaining importance as countries recover …
The Political Costs of Reforms: Fear or Reality? - IMF
First, the government adopted economic reforms in parallel with sweeping political reforms aimed at fostering democratization. Second, the government engaged with society and the political …
Social Consequences of New Economic Policies - JSTOR
Feb 13, 1993 · This is followed by a brief survey of the empirical experience of countries in different parts of the world with respect to the social consequences of economic reforms.
