Economic Crisis In Egypt

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  economic crisis in egypt: Egypt's Occupation Aaron G. Jakes, 2020-08-25 The history of capitalism in Egypt has long been synonymous with cotton cultivation and dependent development. From this perspective, the British occupation of 1882 merely sealed the country's fate as a vast plantation for European textile mills. All but obscured in such accounts, however, is Egypt's emergence as a colonial laboratory for financial investment and experimentation. Egypt's Occupation tells for the first time the story of that financial expansion and the devastating crises that followed. Aaron Jakes offers a sweeping reinterpretation of both the historical geography of capitalism in Egypt and the role of political-economic thought in the struggles that raged over the occupation. He traces the complex ramifications and the contested legacy of colonial economism, the animating theory of British imperial rule that held Egyptians to be capable of only a recognition of their own bare economic interests. Even as British officials claimed that economic development and the multiplication of new financial institutions would be crucial to the political legitimacy of the occupation, Egypt's early nationalists elaborated their own critical accounts of boom and bust. As Jakes shows, these Egyptian thinkers offered a set of sophisticated and troubling meditations on the deeper contradictions of capitalism and the very meaning of freedom in a capitalist world.
  economic crisis in egypt: Impact of COVID-19 on the Egyptian economy: Economic sectors, jobs, and households Breisinger, Clemens, Raouf, Mariam, Wiebelt, Manfred, Kamaly, Ahmed, Karara, Mouchera, 2020-06-15 The COVID-19 crisis may lead to a 1.1 percent decline in Egypt’s GDP during the 4th quarter (April to June) of the 2019/20 fiscal year, compared to the same quarter in 2018/19. Without the Government of Egypt’s COVID-19 emergency response package, GDP in Q4 may have declined by 8.7 percent. Tak-ing the emergency response pack-age into account, we estimate an annual growth rate of 3.8 percent for FY 2019/20. Without the emer-gency response package, annual growth for FY 2019/20 may have been as low as 1.9 percent. The services sector is hit hardest, falling by 10.9 percent, followed by industry at -8.3 percent. Agriculture is the most resilient sector. However, these losses are lower than those expected in comparable countries, especially those that resorted to extended periods of full lockdowns. Impacts on Egypt’s agri-food system are less severe than elsewhere in the economy. Most damage will occur in nonfarm components of the agri-food system due to falling consumer demand. Although higher-income households face the largest income losses, lower-income households also will see their incomes decline significantly. The level of social protection required to fully offset the income losses of poor households is likely to be prohibitive, especially given falling revenues from reduced economic activity. Continuing to gradually open the economy again will be critical for avoiding permanent job losses and increases in poverty for the coming year. The process of re-opening the economy may also provide opportunities for fostering more private sector-driven and sustainable economic transformation.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis Diane B. Kunz, 1991 Diane Kunz describes here how the United States employed economic diplomacy to affect relations among states during the Suez Crisis of 1956-57. Using political and financial archival material from the United States and Great Britain, and drawing from pers
  economic crisis in egypt: Cleft Capitalism Amr Adly, 2020-06-09 Egypt has undergone significant economic liberalization under the auspices of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, USAID, and the European Commission. Yet after more than four decades of economic reform, the Egyptian economy still fails to meet popular expectations for inclusive growth, better standards of living, and high-quality employment. While many analysts point to cronyism and corruption, Amr Adly finds the root causes of this stagnation in the underlying social and political conditions of economic development. Cleft Capitalism offers a new explanation for why market-based development can fail to meet expectations: small businesses in Egypt are not growing into medium and larger businesses. The practical outcome of this missing middle syndrome is the continuous erosion of the economic and social privileges once enjoyed by the middle classes and unionized labor, without creating enough winners from market making. This in turn set the stage for alienation, discontent, and, finally, revolt. With this book, Adly uncovers both an institutional explanation for Egypt's failed market making, and sheds light on the key factors of arrested economic development across the Global South.
  economic crisis in egypt: Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt Paolo Verme, Sherine Al-Shawarby, 2014-04-08 Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt: Facts and Perceptions Across People, Time, and Space comprises four papers prepared in the framework of the Egypt inequality study financed by the World Bank. The first paper, by Sherine Al-Shawarby, reviews the studies on inequality in Egypt since the 1950s with the double objective of illustrating the importance attributed to inequality through time and of presenting and compare the main published statistics on inequality. The second paper, by Branko Milanovic, turns to the global and spatial dimensions of inequality. The Egyptian society remains deeply divided across space and in terms of welfare, and this study unveils some of the hidden features of this inequality. The third paper, by Paolo Verme, studies facts and perceptions of inequality during the 2000-2009 period, which preceded the Egyptian revolution. The fourth paper, by Sahar El Tawila, May Gadallah, and Enas Ali A.El-Majeed, assesses the state of poverty and inequality among the poorest villages of Egypt. The paper attempts to explain the level of inequality in an effort to disentangle those factors that derive from household abilities from those factors that derive from local opportunities. Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt provides some initial elements that could explain the apparent mismatch between inequality measured with household surveys and inequality aversion measured by values surveys. This is a particularly important and timely topic to address in light of the unfolding developments in the Arab region. The book should be of interest to any observer of the political and economic evolution of the Arab region in the past few years and to poverty and inequality specialists interested in a deeper understanding of the distribution of incomes in Egypt and other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. World Bank Studies are available individually or on standing order. The World Bank Studies series is also available online through the Open Knowledge Repository (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/) and the World Bank e-Library (www.worldbank.org/elibrary). Book jacket.
  economic crisis in egypt: Egypt's Housing Crisis Yahia Shawkat, 2020-09-08 A provocative analysis of the roots of Egypt’s housing crisis and the ways in which it can be tackled Along with football and religion, housing is a fundamental cornerstone of Egyptian life: it can make or break marriage proposals, invigorate or slow down the economy, and popularize or embarrass a ruler. Housing is political. Almost every Egyptian ruler over the last eighty years has directly associated himself with at least one large-scale housing project. It is also big business, with Egypt currently the world leader in per capita housing production, building at almost double China’s rate, and creating a housing surplus that counts in the millions of units. Despite this, Egypt has been in the grip of a housing crisis for almost eight decades. From the 1940s onward, officials deployed a number of policies to create adequate housing for the country’s growing population. By the 1970s, housing production had outstripped population growth, but today half of Egypt’s one hundred million people cannot afford a decent home. Egypt's Housing Crisis takes presidential speeches, parliamentary reports, legislation, and official statistics as the basis with which to investigate the tools that officials have used to ‘solve’ the housing crisis—rent control, social housing, and amnesties for informal self-building—as well as the inescapable reality of these policies’ outcomes. Yahia Shawkat argues that wars, mass displacement, and rural–urban migration played a part in creating the problem early on, but that neoliberal deregulation, crony capitalism and corruption, and neglectful planning have made things steadily worse ever since. In the final analysis he asks, is affordable housing for all really that hard to achieve?
  economic crisis in egypt: Economic Crisis and the Politics of Reform in Egypt Ray Bush, 2019
  economic crisis in egypt: Witness to Transformation Stephan Haggard, Marcus Noland, 2010-07-20 Human rights and the protection of refugees is not a concern of left or right, or of the US only; it is an issue of importance to all Koreans, and indeed all countries. Haggard and Noland provide compelling evidence of the ongoing transformation of North Korean society and offer thoughtful proposals as to how the outside world might facilitate peaceful evolution.--Yoon Young-kwan, former Foreign Minister, Rob Moo-byun government --Book Jacket
  economic crisis in egypt: How Latvia Came Through the Financial Crisis Anders Åslund, Valdis Dombrovskis, 2011 Latvia stands out as the East European country hardest hit by the global financial crisis; it lost approximately 25 percent of its GDP between 2008 and 2010. It was also the most overheated economy before the crisis. But in the second half of 2010, Latvia returned to economic growth. How did this happen so quickly? Current Latvian Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis, who shepherded Latvia through the crisis, and renowned author Anders slund discuss why the Latvian economy became so overheated; why an IMF and European Union stabilization program was needed; what the Latvian government did to resolve the financial crisis and why it made these choices; and what the outcome has been. This book offers a rare insider's look at how a national government responded to a global financial crisis, made tough choices, and led the country back to economic growth.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Autumn of Dictatorship Sam?r Sulaym?n, Peter Otto Daniel, 2011-04-05 Examines how and why the Mubarak regime managed to maintain control of Egypt for 30 years despite an ongoing fiscal crisis, and considers the relationship between public finance, politics, and the possibility for social and political change.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Rise of the Egyptian Middle Class Relli Shechter, 2019 Working into the middle class -- Crisis of supply in every household -- 'Provocative consumption' -- 'Parasites' -- The resurgence of middle-class Islam.
  economic crisis in egypt: Russia After The Global Economic Crisis , 2010
  economic crisis in egypt: Economic Crisis And The Politics Of Reform In Egypt Ray Bush, 2019-04-10 This book examines the character and consequences of Egypt's economic reform and structural adjustment programme of 1991, along with the second stage of reforms in 1996. It contributes to the debates underpinning the political economy of economic reform and agricultural reform.
  economic crisis in egypt: In the Wake of the Crisis Olivier Blanchard, David Romer, Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2014-08-29 Prominent economists reconsider the fundamentals of economic policy for a post-crisis world. In 2011, the International Monetary Fund invited prominent economists and economic policymakers to consider the brave new world of the post-crisis global economy. The result is a book that captures the state of macroeconomic thinking at a transformational moment. The crisis and the weak recovery that has followed raise fundamental questions concerning macroeconomics and economic policy. These top economists discuss future directions for monetary policy, fiscal policy, financial regulation, capital-account management, growth strategies, the international monetary system, and the economic models that should underpin thinking about critical policy choices. Contributors Olivier Blanchard, Ricardo Caballero, Charles Collyns, Arminio Fraga, Már Guðmundsson, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, Otmar Issing, Olivier Jeanne, Rakesh Mohan, Maurice Obstfeld, José Antonio Ocampo, Guillermo Ortiz, Y. V. Reddy, Dani Rodrik, David Romer, Paul Romer, Andrew Sheng, Hyun Song Shin, Parthasarathi Shome, Robert Solow, Michael Spence, Joseph Stiglitz, Adair Turner
  economic crisis in egypt: The Struggle for Egypt Steven A. Cook, 2011-10-07 The recent revolution in Egypt has shaken the Arab world to its roots. The most populous Arab country and the historical center of Arab intellectual life, Egypt is a lynchpin of the US's Middle East strategy, receiving more aid than any nation except Israel. This is not the first time that the world and has turned its gaze to Egypt, however. A half century ago, Egypt under Nasser became the putative leader of the Arab world and a beacon for all developing nations. Yet in the decades prior to the 2011 revolution, it was ruled over by a sclerotic regime plagued by nepotism and corruption. During that time, its economy declined into near shambles, a severely overpopulated Cairo fell into disrepair, and it produced scores of violent Islamic extremists such as Ayman al-Zawahiri and Mohammed Atta. In this new and updated paperback edition of The Struggle for Egypt, Steven Cook--a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations--explains how this parlous state of affairs came to be, why the revolution occurred, and where Egypt is headed now. A sweeping account of Egypt in the modern era, it incisively chronicles all of the nation's central historical episodes: the decline of British rule, the rise of Nasser and his quest to become a pan-Arab leader, Egypt's decision to make peace with Israel and ally with the United States, the assassination of Sadat, the emergence of the Muslim Brotherhood, and--finally--the demonstrations that convulsed Tahrir Square and overthrew an entrenched regime. And for the paperback edition, Cook has updated the book to include coverage of the recent political events in Egypt, including the election of the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi as President. Throughout Egypt's history, there has been an intense debate to define what Egypt is, what it stands for, and its relation to the world. Egyptians now have an opportunity to finally answer these questions. Doing so in a way that appeals to the vast majority of Egyptians, Cook notes, will be difficult but ultimately necessary if Egypt is to become an economically dynamic and politically vibrant society.
  economic crisis in egypt: Transatlantic Speculations Hannah Catherine Davies, 2018-11-20 The year 1873 was one of financial crisis. A boom in railway construction had spurred a bull market—but when the boom turned to bust, transatlantic panic quickly became a worldwide economic downturn. In Transatlantic Speculations, Hannah Catherine Davies offers a new lens on the panics of 1873 and nineteenth-century globalization by exploring the ways in which contemporaries experienced a tumultuous period that profoundly challenged notions of economic and moral order. Considering the financial crises of 1873 from the vantage points of Berlin, New York, and Vienna, Davies maps what she calls the dual “transatlantic speculations” of the 1870s: the financial speculation that led to these panics as well as the interpretative speculations that sprouted in their wake. Drawing on a wide variety of sources—including investment manuals, credit reports, business correspondence, newspapers, and legal treatises—she analyzes how investors were prompted to put their money into faraway enterprises, how journalists and bankers created and spread financial information and disinformation, how her subjects made and experienced financial flows, and how responses ranged from policy reform to anti-Semitic conspiracy theories when these flows suddenly were interrupted. Davies goes beyond national frames of analysis to explore international economic entanglement, using the panics’ interconnectedness to shed light on contemporary notions of the world economy. Blending cultural, intellectual, and legal history, Transatlantic Speculations gives vital transnational and comparative perspective on a crucial moment for financial markets, globalization, and capitalism.
  economic crisis in egypt: Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa Kathleen Beegle, Luc Christiaensen, 2019-10-09 Sub-Saharan Africa's turnaround over the past couple of decades has been dramatic. After many years in decline, the continent's economy picked up in the mid-1990s. Along with this macroeconomic growth, people became healthier, many more youngsters attended schools, and the rate of extreme poverty declined from 54 percent in 1990 to 41 percent in 2015. Political and social freedoms expanded, and gender equality advanced. Conflict in the region also subsided, although it still claims thousands of civilian lives in some countries and still drives pressing numbers of displaced persons. Despite Africa’s widespread economic and social welfare accomplishments, the region’s challenges remain daunting: Economic growth has slowed in recent years. Poverty rates in many countries are the highest in the world. And notably, the number of poor in Africa is rising because of population growth. From a global perspective, the biggest concentration of poverty has shifted from South Asia to Africa. Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa explores critical policy entry points to address the demographic, societal, and political drivers of poverty; improve income-earning opportunities both on and off the farm; and better mobilize resources for the poor. It looks beyond macroeconomic stability and growth—critical yet insufficient components of these objectives—to ask what more could be done and where policy makers should focus their attention to speed up poverty reduction. The pro-poor policy agenda advanced in this volume requires not only economic growth where the poor work and live, but also mitigation of the many risks to which African households are exposed. As such, this report takes a jobs lens to its task. It focuses squarely on the productivity and livelihoods of the poor and vulnerable—that is, what it will take to increase their earnings. Finally, it presents a road map for financing the poverty and development agenda.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt Khalid Ikram, 2018 Drawing on Khalid Ikram's extensive knowledge of economic policymaking at the highest levels, The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt lays out the enduring features of the Egyptian economy and its performance since 1952 before presenting an account of policy-making, growth and structural change under the country's successive presidents to the present day.
  economic crisis in egypt: This Time Is Different Carmen M. Reinhart, Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2011-08-07 An empirical investigation of financial crises during the last 800 years.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Next Economic Disaster Richard Vague, 2014-07-09 Current debates about economic crises typically focus on the role that public debt and debt-fueled public spending play in economic growth. This illuminating and provocative work shows that it is the rapid expansion of private rather than public debt that constrains growth and sparks economic calamities like the financial crisis of 2008. Relying on the findings of a team of economists, credit expert Richard Vague argues that the Great Depression of the 1930s, the economic collapse of the past decade, and many other sharp downturns around the world were all preceded by a spike in privately held debt. Vague presents an algorithm for predicting crises and argues that China may soon face disaster. Since American debt levels have not declined significantly since 2008, Vague believes that economic growth in the United States will suffer unless banks embrace a policy of debt restructuring. All informed citizens, but especially those interested in economic policy and history, will want to contend with Vague's distressing arguments and evidence.
  economic crisis in egypt: State and Economy in Ancient Egypt David Warburton, 1997 Combining philological investigation and theoretical reasoning, this book offers a completely new interpretation of the economic role of the state in ancient Egypt. The first part provides background outlining the relevance of Keynes General Theory to the ancient Egyptian economy. The central part uses ancient Egyptian texts as the foundation of an analysis of words commonly assumed to relate to taxation during the New Kingdom (c. 15401070 B.C.E.). The conclusions summarize the philological results and explore the role of the temples in the ancient Egyptian state during the New Kingdom. The result places ancient Egyptian taxation and state economic activity in a market context, opening a new path to the understanding of the ancient Egyptian economy based on an analysis of primary sources.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Economic Impact of Conflicts and the Refugee Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa Mr.Bjoern Rother, Ms.Gaelle Pierre, Davide Lombardo, Risto Herrala, Ms.Priscilla Toffano, Mr.Erik Roos, Mr.Allan G Auclair, Ms.Karina Manasseh, 2016-09-16 In recent decades, the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) has experienced more frequent and severe conflicts than in any other region of the world, exacting a devastating human toll. The region now faces unprecedented challenges, including the emergence of violent non-state actors, significant destruction, and a refugee crisis bigger than any since World War II. This paper raises awareness of the economic costs of conflicts on the countries directly involved and on their neighbors. It argues that appropriate macroeconomic policies can help mitigate the impact of conflicts in the short term, and that fostering higher and more inclusive growth can help address some of the root causes of conflicts over the long term. The paper also highlights the crucial role of external partners, including the IMF, in helping MENA countries tackle these challenges.
  economic crisis in egypt: Egypt Robert Springborg, 2017-09-18 Egypt is one of the few great empires of antiquity that exists today as a nation state. Despite its extraordinary record of national endurance, the pressures to which Egypt currently is subjected and which are bound to intensify are already straining the ties that hold its political community together, while rendering ever more difficult the task of governing it. In this timely book, leading expert on Egyptian affairs Robert Springborg explains how a country with such a long and impressive history has now arrived at this parlous condition. As Egyptians become steadily more divided by class, religion, region, ethnicity, gender and contrasting views of how, by whom and for what purposes they should be governed, so their rulers become ever more fearful, repressive and unrepresentative. Caught in a downward spiral in which poor governance is both cause and consequence, Egypt is facing a future so uncertain that it could end up resembling neighboring countries that have collapsed under similar loads. The Egyptian hot spot, Springborg argues, is destined to become steadily hotter, with ominous implications for its peoples, the Middle East and North Africa, and the wider world.
  economic crisis in egypt: Food Insecurity and Revolution in the Middle East and North Africa Habib Ayeb, Ray Bush, 2019-09-30 ‘Food Insecurity and Revolution in the Middle East and North Africa’ studies the political economy of agrarian transformation in the eponymous regions. Examining Egypt and Tunisia in detail as case studies, it critiques the dominant tropes of food security offered by the international financial institutions and promotes the importance of small-scale family farming in developing sustainable food sovereignty. Egypt and Tunisia are located in the context of the broader Middle East and broader processes of war, environmental transformation and economic reform. The book contributes to uncovering the historical backdrop and contemporary pressures in the Middle East and North Africa for the uprisings of 2010 and 2011. It also explores the continued failure of post-uprising counter-revolutionary governments to directly address issues of rural development that put the position and role of small farmers centre stage.
  economic crisis in egypt: Egypt Under Pressure Marianne Laanatza, 1986
  economic crisis in egypt: International Financial Crisis, The: Have The Rules Of Finance Changed? Douglas D Evanoff, George G Kaufman, Asli Demirguc-kunt, 2011-01-27 The recent global financial crisis has caused massive upheavals worldwide. The papers in this volume analyze whether financial principles seem to have shifted in recent years, and what that may mean for international financial markets and regulation. What “broke” in the current crisis? Is there no “playbook” on how to respond to systemic crises? What is the optimal role of the state in dealing with crises? How should asset bubbles be addressed in the future? Do we need a major overhaul of governance in the industry? What means exist to address systemic crises? What reforms are needed? These and related issues are discussed by an impressive list of well-known scholars, policymakers and practitioners, with an emphasis on the implications for public policy.
  economic crisis in egypt: Dividing the Nile David E. Mills, 2014 Most scholarship has attributed Sudanese independence in 1956 to British dominance of the Condominium, historical animosity toward Egypt, or the emergence of Sudanese nationalism. Dividing the Nile counters that Egyptian entrepreneurs failed to develop a united economy or shared economic interests, guaranteeing Egypt's 'loss' of the Sudan. It argues that British dominance of the Condominium may have stymied initial Egyptian efforts, but that after the First World War Egypt became increasingly interested in and capable of economic ventures in the Sudan. However, early Egyptian financial assistance and the seemingly successful resolution of Nile waters disputes actually divided the regions, while later concerted efforts to promote commerce and acquire Sudanese lands failed dismally. Egyptian nationalists simply missed opportunities of aligning their economic future with that of their Sudanese brethren, resulting in a divided Nile valley. Dividing the Nile will appeal to historians, social scientists, and international relations theorists, among those interested in Nile valley developments, but its focused economic analysis will also contribute to broader scholarship on nationalism and nationalist theory.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Muslim Brotherhood and Egypt's Succession Crisis Mohammed Zahid, 2010-04-15 Framing economic and political reform in the Middle East, this book explores the interplay between the Egyptian state, the Muslim Brotherhood and the politics of succession. Egypt has in recent years experienced a rise in political activism driven by increasing internal demands for reform and change, impacting upon its economic and political strategy. Two key issues have been central to this: the Muslim Brotherhood, in its evolution from a spiritual to a political movement, and the politics of succession, which has seen the grooming of Gamal Mubarak, son of President Hosni Mubarak, to usher forward the inheritance of power in Egypt. This book enables a greater understanding of the dynamics of authoritarianism and democratisation, and the challenges and dilemmas which any future Egyptian reform process will face in the context of succession to Hosni Mubarak.
  economic crisis in egypt: Egypt - a Return to a Balanced Gas Market? Mostefa Ouki, 2018
  economic crisis in egypt: Arab Republic of Egypt: 2021 Article IV Consultation, Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Arab Republic of Egypt International Monetary, International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept., 2021-07-22 The economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic over the past year has been well-managed by the authorities. Timely and prudent fiscal and monetary easing shielded the economy from the full brunt of the crisis, while alleviating the health and social impact of the shock. Sound economic policies helped deliver macroeconomic stabilization, safeguard debt sustainability, and preserve investor confidence. While growth is expected to rebound in FY2021/22, the outlook is still clouded by uncertainty related to the pandemic and the pace of vaccinations. High public debt and large gross financing needs leave Egypt vulnerable to external shocks or changes in financial market conditions for EMs. Near-term fiscal and monetary policies should thus continue to support the recovery without accumulating undue imbalances.
  economic crisis in egypt: Workers and Thieves Joel Beinin, 2015-11-11 Since the 1990s, the Middle East has experienced an upsurge of wildcat strikes, sit-ins, and workers' demonstrations. Well before people gathered in Tahrir Square to demand the ouster of Hosni Mubarak, workers had formed one of the largest oppositional movements to authoritarian rule in Egypt. In Tunisia, years prior to the 2011 Arab uprisings, the unemployed chanted in protest, A job is a right, you pack of thieves! Despite this history, most observers have failed to acknowledge the importance of workers in the social ferment preceding the removal of Egyptian and Tunisian autocrats and in the political realignments after their demise. In Workers and Thieves, Joel Beinin corrects this by surveying the efforts and impacts of the workers' movements in Egypt and Tunisia since the 1970s. He argues that the 2011 uprisings in these countries—and, importantly, their vastly different outcomes—are best understood within the context of these repeated mobilizations of workers and the unemployed over recent decades.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Roots of Revolt Angela Joya, 2020-04-02 A conceptually rich, historically informed study of the contested politics emerging out of decades of authoritarian neoliberalism in Egypt.
  economic crisis in egypt: A Decade after the Global Recession M. Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge, 2021-03-19 This year marks the tenth anniversary of the 2009 global recession. Most emerging market and developing economies weathered the global recession relatively well, in part by using the sizable fiscal and monetary policy ammunition accumulated during prior years of strong growth. However, their growth prospects have weakened since then, and many now have less policy space. This study provides the first comprehensive stocktaking of the past decade from the perspective of emerging market and developing economies. Many of these economies have now become more vulnerable to economic shocks. The study discusses lessons from the global recession and policy options for these economies to strengthen growth and prepare for the possibility of another global downturn.
  economic crisis in egypt: Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries and Challenges Ahead Ms.May Y Khamis, Mr.Abdelhak S Senhadji, 2010-07-21 Departmental papers are usually focused on a specific economic topic, country, or region. They are prepared in a timely way to support the outreach needs of the IMF’s area and functional departments.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Peasants of the Fayyum Yossef Rapoport, Ido Shahar, 2018-05-31 Medieval Islamic society was overwhelmingly a society of peasants, and the achievements of Islamic civilization depended, first and foremost, on agricultural production. Yet the history of the medieval Islamic countryside has been neglected or marginalized. Basic questions such as the social and religious identities of village communities, or the relationship of the peasant to the state, are either ignored or discussed from a normative point of view. This volume addresses this lacuna in our understanding of medieval Islam by presenting a first-hand account of the Egyptian countryside. Dating from the middle of the thirteenth century, Abu 'Uthman al-Nabulusi's Villages of the Fayyum is as close as we get to the tax registers of any rural province. Not unlike the Domesday Book of medieval England, al-Nabulusi's work provides a wealth of detail for each village which far surpasses any other source for the rural economy of medieval Islam. It is a unique, comprehensive snap-shot of one rural society at one, significant, point in its history, and an insight into the way of life of the majority of the population in the medieval Islamic world. Richly annotated and with a detailed introduction, this volume offers the first academic edition of this work and the first translation into a European language. By opening up this key source to scholars, it will be an indispensable resource for historians of Egypt, of administration and rural life in the premodern world generally, and of the Middle East in particular.
  economic crisis in egypt: Report on Egypt, 1823-1838 John Bowring, 1998
  economic crisis in egypt: Suez 1956 William Roger Louis, Roger Owen, 1991 This is an analysis, based on newly available evidence, of the Suez crisis of 1956, its origins, and its consequences. The contributors are all leading authorities, and some, like Mordechai Bar-On, Robert Bowie and Adam Watson, were active participants in the events of the time.
  economic crisis in egypt: World Report 2022 Human Rights Watch, 2022-03-29 The best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.
  economic crisis in egypt: 34 Days Amos Harel, Avi Issacharoff, 2008-04-29 This is the first comprehensive account of the progression of the Second Lebanese War, from the border abduction of an Israeli soldier on the morning of July 12, 2006, through the hasty decision for an aggressive response; the fateful discussions in the Cabinet and the senior Israeli command; to the heavy fighting in south Lebanon and the raging diplomatic battles in Paris, Washington and New York. The book answers the following questions: has Israel learned the right lessons from this failed military confrontation? What can Western countries learn from the IDF's failure against a fundamentalist Islamic terror organization? And what role did Iran and Syria play in this affair? 34 Days delivers the first blow-by-blow account of the Lebanon war and new insights for the future of the region and its effects on the West.
  economic crisis in egypt: The Political Economy of Nasserism Mahmoud Abdel-Fadil, 1980-11-06 Monograph on employment policy and income distribution in urban areas of Egypt from 1952 to 1972 under the Nasser socialist regime - discusses employment trends and economic structure, the informal sector, wage policies, wage differentials, consumption trends, taxation, social structure and the growth of elites, the nature and role of the new middle class, development of trade unions, etc. Bibliography pp. 135 to 140, flow charts, graphs and statistical tables.
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crisis, Egypt would remain vulnerable to a reversal of expectations. • Exiting the crisis hinges on transitioning to a flexible exchange rate system. But this will not suffice if the country fails to …

On July 26, 1956, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal Company …
Northwest of Suez: The 1956 Crisis and the IMF JAMES M. BOUGHTON* Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956 and the failed attempt by France, Israel, and the United Kingdom to …

DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS MIGRATION SHAPING …
in March. At the beckoning of an economic crisis, Egypt’s $35 billion real estate development deal with the United Ar-ab Emirates (UAE) in Ras Al-Hekma was seen as a major bail - out. The …

Reporting in on Economy , and Russian Economic and Bailout …
Data Collection: 12/14 -12/19 ("Economic Crisis" sorted by Egypt as Region) Country Total Hits # Sample (95% CI) Egypt 620 240 China 220 145 Russia 212 137 . Data Analysis Researchers …

Economic and Financial Crises in Fifteenth-Century Egypt: …
A Azim Islahi: Economic and Financial Crises 75 In some of the years of famine, the farmers could not cultivate land as they were unable to manage seeds.16 The evil of lending seeds to …

Egypt’s Defense Industry: Dependency, Civilian Production, …
However, the USSR noticeably granted Egypt limited access to technology transfer, and equipment manufactured by Soviet designs had to be shipped to Russia for maintenance. …

The Rising of Food Prices in Egypt: Reasons and Solutions
It economic crisis means an imbalance of supply and occurs in some countries, but in a way different to the demand circumstances. This leads to rising prices as ... diagnose the …

Economic Bulletin - National Bank of Egypt
As certified by international institutions, Egypt's economy maintained its stability and positive outlook despite the persistent negative repercussions of Covid-19 crisis on the global …

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION IN EGYPT
the impact of economic liberalization in egypt subject: the impact of economic liberalization in egypt keywords ...

CANADA EGYPT BUSINESS COUNCIL
Egypt and the Global Financial Crisis 18 Egypt, s Economic Fact Sheet 20 Canadian Egyptian Strategic Alliance 21 Agriculture in Egypt 22 List of Participants 24. CONTENTS. 3. 2009. …

Economic Policy in Egypt: A Breakdown in Reform …
Sullivan maintains that, if the economic crisis continues, a polit-ical revolution reforming the bureaucracy could emerge from within or from out-side the system, in the latter case perhaps …

Egypt’s Economic - ECES
As the Egyptian economy had started to show signs of recovery from the economic slowdown that was spurred by the global crisis, the revolution broke out on January 25, 2011 resulting in a …

Impact of the Economic Crisis on Trade, in Egypt
Impact of the Economic Crisis on Trade, Foreign Investment and Employment in Egypt Cairo, International Labour Organization, Sub-regional Office for North Africa ISBN 978-92-2-123456-2

FACTORS AFFECTING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EGYPT POST …
investment, foreign direct investment and exchange rate on economic growth in Egypt from 1999 to 2015. Keywords- Economic growth, Egypt, Private sector investment, foreign direct …

Economic and Political Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on …
Economic and Political Impact Articles HISTORICAL KAN PERIODICAL 273 Vol. (16) – Issue (59) March 2023. Introduction The outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war had serious …

Egypt Economic Update Fall 2010 - World Bank
Egypt Economic Update Fall 2010 I. OVERVIEW Growth recovery continues its course. Real GDP grew 5.3 percent in FY10, up from the 4.7 percent ... Egypt’s net international reserves rose to …

Interaction between Monetary and Fiscal Policies: Evidence from
Egypt Mouchera Karara1, Mona Fayed2, Mai El Mossallamy3 and Heidi Aly4 Abstract Surviving COVID-19 crisis would not have been possible without the unprecedented support measures …

high food prices and the food crisis - experiences and lessons …
inflation. However, one big difference is that while the 1970s crisis was due to supply-side shocks, demand factors, notably biofuel demand, were key to the 2007-2008 episode and may …

Impact of Global Economic Crisis on Tourism Sector in Egypt …
Ahmed Badr, ITIL. Modeling Researcher Economic Issues Program (EIP), IDSC 1 amabadr@idsc.net.eg Enas Zakareya Senior Economist EIP, IDSC enabd@idsc.net.eg

contingency planning memorandum no. 20 Egypt’s Solvency …
Egypt’s Solvency Crisis INTRODUCTION Egypt is experiencing a deep economic crisis. The country’s foreign currency rserves are less than e half of what they were before the January …

National Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction 2030
result of the atrocious and lawless events which caused material and economic losses at both national and regional levels. Consequently, there arose need for adopting a a ... DRR in Egypt …

Early Warning Signals
• The importance of good working capital management especially during the current economic crisis for SMEs • Why SMEs in Egypt and particularly prone to liquidity problems • How to spot …

OECD Economic Surveys EGYPT - MPED
It is the first OECD Economic Survey of Egypt. The economic situation and policies of Egypt were reviewed by the Economic and Development Review Committee on 24 October 2023, with the …

The influence of Political and Security Instability on Egyptian …
global crises: The global economic crisis of 2007/2008, and the emerging Corona Virus pandemic 2019. (COVID-19), where tourism differed before and after these crises.. It takes Egypt as a …

American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain
crisis by securing USD 6.4 billion stimulus package (Kassab, 2022). 1.1. Problem Statement The accumulation of debt aggravated in Egypt accompanied with a continuous devaluation of the …

Withstanding the Global Economic Crisis
Poverty in Egypt decreased between 2005 and 20082, due in large part to rapid economic growth, although high inflation during this period had detrimental effects on the extreme poor. The …

DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS MIGRATION SHAPING …
in March. At the beckoning of an economic crisis, Egypt’s $35 billion real estate development deal with the United Ar-ab Emirates (UAE) in Ras Al-Hekma was seen as a major bail - out. The …

EGYPT - Center for Economic and Social Rights
Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR), based in Cairo. A severe economic and social crisis is gripping the country. Political turmoil has resulted in a steep drop in foreign …

Co-Published Brief - FTCE Unit
The Impact of the global crisis on the Egyptian Economy and social perspective Concluding Remarks Egypt’s comprehensive plan to deal with the current global crisis: recalibrated …

Report No. 88447-EG Public Disclosure Authorized Arab …
background paper by Ragui Assaad, “Labor Market Responses to Economic Crisis: Egypt 2006-2012” provided valuable insights which the team has incorporated into the report. The team …

EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON POULTRY OPPORTUNITY FOR …
that economic crisis on poultry industry on both production and consumption levels. In Egypt, poultry production mainly depends on imported feed raw materials, feed additives, vaccines, …

Co-Published Brief - UNICEF
More than 10 years after the global financial crisis in 2008, the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Another crisis that has majorily affected all countries and its repercussions are …

M REFORMS AND RESILIENCE I EXPERIENCE AND EGYPT …
The Egyptian economy has proven to be resilient during the past global economic crisis, with real GDP growth reaching 4.7 percent during 2008/2009 and 5.1 percent for the first three quarters …

Macroeconomic Shocks and Banking Sector Developments in …
From 2008 to 2011 Egypt was hit by significant shocks, both global and country-specific. First, in 2008 the country was shocked by , which induced a capital outflow, a moderate the global …

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL LIBERATION IN - JSTOR
born the brunt of these painful economic and social adjustments. From the very beginning, the Sadat regime (1970-81) was plagued by a height-ened awareness of an impending economic …

The Crisis of Tourism Sector After the 25th January Egyptian …
Sector Challenges, Economic Development, Egyptian Cruise Line Business. 1- INTRODUCTION . As the modern history witnessed a lot of economic and financial crisis adding to the natural …

Poultry producers as an example - RLS North Africa
Egypt’s small-scale poultry producers have faced several crises, the most important of which was the bird flu crisis in 2006. However, the current crisis is more acute, as the effects of the …

ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EGYPT: CONSTRAINTS AND …
between GDP growth rates of Egypt and high-income OECD countries for the period 1988-2003 was 0.70). For the same time-period, the correlation between OECD GDP growth and Egypt’s …

Policy and Institutional Responses to COVID-19 in the
Jan 28, 2021 · crisis. The government rapidly launched an online portal through the Crisis Management Unit within the ... Egypt’s ongoing Economic Transformation Program has been …

Decline, Sanctions, and the Suez Crisis, 1956–1957 - JSTOR
Having Money: The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis," in Louis and Owen, eds., Suez 1956, 215-32; and idem, "Being a Borrower: The Reemergence of the United States as a …

WP No. 85 - Growth, Employment Policies and Economic …
This paper on Egypt’s employment and economic growth linkages, written by Heba Nassar from Cairo University, brings to light current and emerging issues concerning growth, employment …

Egypt is Weathering the Global Economic Crisis with Good
Dec 13, 2009 · Bank and Egypt, and discuss with government officials and key stakeholders the challenges and opportunities of the current crisis. Dr. Daboub noted the importance of the …

The Economic Impacts of the New Suez Canal - IEMed
The Expected Economic Impacts of the New Suez Canal Project The new Suez Canal project and development of its surrounding area is considered a starting point for the development vehicle …

Power Sector Financial Vulnerability Assessment - esmap.org
Prior to the economic crisis in Egypt in the early 2000s, Egypt successfully introduced an independent power producer scheme – referred to as the BOOT (Build-Own-Operate …

Impacts, Sustainability, and Resilience on the Egyptian …
Egypt. The present article is focused on the impacts of economic, political, and social impacts on Egyptian tourism after this crisis. The present study aimed at dealing with the crisis to mitigate …

The Economic Decline of Egypt after the 2011 Uprising - JSTOR
economic reforms. 4 This reform program was designed to transform Egypt into a more market-oriented and private sector-led economy, by expanding financial reforms, reducing onerous …