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| ecuador speaks what language: Oral Literature in the Digital Age Mark Turin, Claire Wheeler, Eleanor Wilkinson, 2013 Thanks to ever-greater digital connectivity, interest in oral traditions has grown beyond that of researcher and research subject to include a widening pool of global users. When new publics consume, manipulate and connect with field recordings and digital cultural archives, their involvement raises important practical and ethical questions. This volume explores the political repercussions of studying marginalised languages; the role of online tools in ensuring responsible access to sensitive cultural materials; and ways of ensuring that when digital documents are created, they are not fossilised as a consequence of being archived. Fieldwork reports by linguists and anthropologists in three continents provide concrete examples of overcoming barriers -- ethical, practical and conceptual -- in digital documentation projects. Oral Literature In The Digital Age is an essential guide and handbook for ethnographers, field linguists, community activists, curators, archivists, librarians, and all who connect with indigenous communities in order to document and preserve oral traditions. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Handbook of the Changing World Language Map Stanley D. Brunn, Roland Kehrein, 2019-11-11 This reference work delivers an interdisciplinary, applied spatial and geographical approach to the study of languages and linguistics. This work includes chapters and sections related to language origins, diffusion, conflicts, policies, education/instruction, representation, technology, regions, and mapping. Also addressed is the mapping of languages and linguistic diversity, on language in the context of politics, on the relevance of language to cultural identity, on language minorities and endangered languages, and also on language and the arts and non-human language and communication. This reference work looks at the subject matter and contributors to the disciplines and programs in the social sciences and humanities, and the dearth of materials on languages and linguistics. The topics covered are not only discipline-centered, but in the cutting-edge fields that intersect several disciplines and also cut across the social sciences and humanities. These include gender studies, sustainability and development, technology and social media impacts, law and human rights, climate change, public health and epidemiology, architecture, religion, visual representation and mapping. These new and emerging research directions and other intersecting fields are not traditionally discipline-bounded, but cut across numerous fields. The volumes will appeal to those within existing fields and disciplines and those working the intersections at local, regional and global scales. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects Kendall A. King, 2001 This work explores educational and community efforts to revitalize the Quichua language in two indigenous Andean communities of southern Ecuador. Analyzing the linguistic, social, and cultural processes of positive language shift, this book contributes to our understanding of formal and informal educational efforts to revitalize threatened languages. |
| ecuador speaks what language: A History of Afro-Hispanic Language John M. Lipski, 2005-03-10 The African slave trade, beginning in the fifteenth century, brought African languages into contact with Spanish and Portuguese, resulting in the Africans' gradual acquisition of these languages. In this 2004 book, John Lipski describes the major forms of Afro-Hispanic language found in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America over the last 500 years. As well as discussing pronunciation, morphology and syntax, he separates legitimate forms of Afro-Hispanic expression from those that result from racist stereotyping, to assess how contact with the African diaspora has had a permanent impact on contemporary Spanish. A principal issue is the possibility that Spanish, in contact with speakers of African languages, may have creolized and restructured - in the Caribbean and perhaps elsewhere - permanently affecting regional and social varieties of Spanish today. The book is accompanied by the largest known anthology of primary Afro-Hispanic texts from Iberia, Latin America, and former Afro-Hispanic contacts in Africa and Asia. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Languages of the Amazon Aleksandra I︠U︡rʹevna Aĭkhenvalʹd, 2012-05-17 This guide and introduction to the extraordinary range of languages in Amazonia includes some of the most fascinating in the world and many of which are now teetering on the edge of extinction. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education Colin Baker, Sylvia Prys Jones, 1998 This encyclopedia is divided into three sections: individual bilingualism; bilingualism in society and bilingual education. It includes many pictures, graphs, maps and diagrams. The book concludes with a comprehensive bibliography on bilingualism. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Constitutive Visions Christa J. Olson, 2013-11-15 In Constitutive Visions, Christa Olson presents the rhetorical history of republican Ecuador as punctuated by repeated arguments over national identity. Those arguments—as they advanced theories of citizenship, popular sovereignty, and republican modernity—struggled to reconcile the presence of Ecuador’s large indigenous population with the dominance of a white-mestizo minority. Even as indigenous people were excluded from civic life, images of them proliferated in speeches, periodicals, and artworks during Ecuador’s long process of nation formation. Tracing how that contradiction illuminates the textures of national-identity formation, Constitutive Visions places petitions from indigenous laborers alongside oil paintings, overlays woodblock illustrations with legislative debates, and analyzes Ecuador’s nineteen constitutions in light of landscape painting. Taken together, these juxtapositions make sense of the contradictions that sustained and unsettled the postcolonial nation-state. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Atlas of the world's languages in danger of disappearing Wurm, Stephen A., 2001-07-17 Close to half of the 6,000 languges spoken in the world are doomed or likely to disappear in the foreseeable future. The disappearance of any language is an irreparable loss for the heritage of all humankind. This new edition of the Atlas, first published in 1996, is intended to give a graphic picture of the magnitude of the problem and a comprehensive list of languages in danger. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Amazonian Spanish Stephen Fafulas, 2020-07-15 Amazonian Spanish: Language contact and evolution explores the unique origins, linguistic features, and geo-political situation of the Spanish that has emerged in the Amazon. While this region boasts much linguistic diversity, many of the indigenous languages found within its limits are now being replaced by Spanish. This situation of language expansion, contact, and bilingualism is reshaping the sociolinguistic landscape of the Amazon by creating a number of Spanish varieties with innovative linguistic features that require closer scholarly attention. The current book documents this situation in detail. The chapters in this volume include work on distinct geographical regions of the Amazon, with primary data collected using different methodologies and language contact situations. The scholars in this volume specialize in an array of fields, including anthropological linguistics, bilingualism, language contact, dialectology, and language acquisition. Their work represents both formal and functional approaches to linguistics. |
| ecuador speaks what language: EVERYONE HERE SPOKE SIGN LANGUAGE Nora Ellen GROCE, 2009-06-30 From the seventeenth century to the early years of the twentieth, the population of Martha’s Vineyard manifested an extremely high rate of profound hereditary deafness. In stark contrast to the experience of most deaf people in our own society, the Vineyarders who were born deaf were so thoroughly integrated into the daily life of the community that they were not seen—and did not see themselves—as handicapped or as a group apart. Deaf people were included in all aspects of life, such as town politics, jobs, church affairs, and social life. How was this possible? On the Vineyard, hearing and deaf islanders alike grew up speaking sign language. This unique sociolinguistic adaptation meant that the usual barriers to communication between the hearing and the deaf, which so isolate many deaf people today, did not exist. |
| ecuador speaks what language: The Native Languages of South America Loretta O'Connor, Pieter Muysken, 2014-03-20 In South America indigenous languages are extremely diverse. There are over one hundred language families in this region alone. Contributors from around the world explore the history and structure of these languages, combining insights from archaeology and genetics with innovative linguistic analysis. The book aims to uncover regional patterns and potential deeper genealogical relations between the languages. Based on a large-scale database of features from sixty languages, the book analyses major language families such as Tupian and Arawakan, as well as the Quechua/Aymara complex in the Andes, the Isthmo-Colombian region and the Andean foothills. It explores the effects of historical change in different grammatical systems and fills gaps in the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) database, where South American languages are underrepresented. An important resource for students and researchers interested in linguistics, anthropology and language evolution. |
| ecuador speaks what language: The Languages of the World Kenneth Katzner, Kirk Miller, 2002-09-11 This third edition of Kenneth Katzner's best-selling guide to languages is essential reading for language enthusiasts everywhere. Written with the non-specialist in mind, its user-friendly style and layout, delightful original passages, and exotic scripts, will continue to fascinate the reader. This new edition has been thoroughly revised to include more languages, more countries, and up-to-date data on populations. Features include: *information on nearly 600 languages *individual descriptions of 200 languages, with sample passages and English translations *concise notes on where each language is spoken, its history, alphabet and pronunciation *coverage of every country in the world, its main language and speaker numbers *an introduction to language families |
| ecuador speaks what language: Power, Prestige, and Bilingualism Anne-Marie De Mejía, 2002-01-01 This book describes a particular type of educational provision referred to as 'elite' or 'prestigious' bilingual education, which caters mainly for upwardly mobile, highly educated, higher socio-economic status learners of two or more internationally useful languages. The development of different types of elite bilingual or multilingual educational provision is discussed and an argument is made for the need to study bilingual education in majority as well as in minority contexts. |
| ecuador speaks what language: America's Bilingual Century Steve Leveen, 2021-01-04 How can Americans make our country stronger, kinder, smarter? By marshaling our enviable can-do ethic and learning another language. We can do it, no matter what our age: author Steve Leveen chose Spanish as his adopted language in midlife. America's Bilingual Century is filled with tips for learning a language, some mechanical--like changing your phone and laptop settings to your adopted language--and some philosophical. For instance, start by having a place in your life where you'll use the language, Steve says. The where makes the how more attainable. And recognize that, as with any adoption, you do it for love, and for life--so don't fret when you're not fluent in five months. If you have kids, start them young. You'll be glad you did when you read about the explosive growth of dual language schools across the country and the significant, measurable advantages they give our young people. Steve also takes us to the top summer language immersion camps, for both children and adults. And he shares his findings from leading language scholars, teachers, sociolinguists, app creators, and bilinguals of all stripes that he discovered during his dozen years of research. Then he topples 12 myths about Americans and languages that no longer hold in this century. Like thinking the whole world speaks English (it doesn't), that being monolingual is natural (it isn't), and that Americans suck at language (quite the opposite, as he demonstrates). Here and now in the 21st century, America is embracing its many ethnic and cultural heritages. How natural, then, that we enfold the many languages that these heritages thrive on as part of that quintessentially American pursuit of happiness. If you've never thought of bilingualism as being a patriotic act, America's Bilingual Century may persuade you otherwise. Knowing a second language changes the way we perceive the world, and the way the world perceives us. English is what unites us, Steve says. Our other languages are what define and strengthen us. And even if becoming bilingual leans more toward aspiration than arrival, that's okay. The journey is as rewarding as the destination. |
| ecuador speaks what language: A Grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua David Weber, 1989-01-01 This is a comprehensive, nonformal description of a Quechua language of central Peru, incorporating both structural and functional insights. Topics include: the demographic situation, an introduction to the syntax, word and suffix classes, morphology, case relations, passives, substantive phrases, relative clauses, complements, adverbial clauses, reduplication, question formation, negation, conjunction, evidential suffixes, the topic marker, idioms and formulaic expressions, phonology, and loan processes. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Say It With Me (Dilo conmigo) Nancy S. Torres, 2022-05-03 A story about a mother and child presented in both English and Spanish that affirms how radiant and wonderful we all are. In Say It With Me (Dilo conmigo), a heartwarming dual-language picture book for children ages 4-8, a child repeats their mama’s inspiring messages and makes her words their own. Following words written by Ecuadorian-American elementary school educator and meditation guide Nancy S. Torres and set to gorgeous illustrations by Zoey Black, young readers will learn the power of speaking kindly about themselves and how good it feels to share a love for yourself with others. The Perfect Gift for Grownups, New Parents, and Little Ones Alike From their smile, to their skin, to their beautiful brains, Say It With Me (Dilo conmigo) teaches young readers and their grownups how to recognize what makes them remarkable — and the significance of being the person who helps them see. Gift this book to a loved one (or yourself) and start a brand new and loving ritual that will be passed down for generations. About the Author Nancy S. Torres is an elementary educator and meditation guide. She received a B.A. in Corporate Communications from Baruch College, City University of New York, and received an M.A. in Childhood Education and Special Education from New York University. Nancy speaks both English and Spanish and lives in New York with her husband and their two sons. Nancy S. Torres es educadora infantil y guía de meditación. Recibió su Licenciatura en Comunicaciones Corporativas de Baruch College, en la ciudad de Nueva York, y recibió su Maestría en Educación Infantil y Educación Especial de New York University. Nancy habla inglés y español y vive en Nueva York con su esposo y sus dos hijos. About the Illustrator Zoey Black is a multi-disciplined artist with experience in book illustration, 3D animation, and traditional mediums. She has lived all over the United States and currently calls New Jersey her home. When she's not making art, you can find Zoey working on her chess game or perfecting tricks on her board at the local skatepark. Zoey Black es una artista multidisciplinaria con experiencia en ilustración de libros, animación 3D, y medios tradicionales. Ella ha vivido por todo los Estados Unidos y ahora reside en Nueva Jersey. Cuando no está creando arte, puedes encontrar a Zoey mejorando en ajedrez o perfeccionando trucos en su patineta en la pista de patineta local. |
| ecuador speaks what language: When Languages Die K. David Harrison, 2008 It is commonly agreed by linguists and anthropologists that the majority of languages spoken now around the globe will likely disappear within our lifetime. This text focuses on the question: what is lost when a language dies? |
| ecuador speaks what language: Linguae Vasconum Primitiae Bernat Dechepare, 2012 Modern translation and original Basque version of the first book printed in the Basque language in Baiona in 1545.--Provided by publisher. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Spanish in Contact Kim Potowski, Richard Cameron, 2007-07-16 This volume, covering a range of topics such as Spanish as a heritage language in the United States, policy issues, pragmatics and language contact, sociolinguistic variation and contact, and Bozal (Creole) Spanish, will serve the interests of linguists, educators, and policy makers alike. It provides cutting edge research on varieties of Spanish spoken by children, teenagers, and adults in places as diverse as Chicago, New York, New Mexico, and Houston; Valencia and Galicia; the Andean highlands; and the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The emphasis is on spoken Spanish, although researchers also investigate code-switching in the lyrics of bachata songs and the presence of creole in Cuban and Brazilian literature. This collection will be of interest wherever Spanish is spoken. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Memory Speaks Julie Sedivy, 2021-10-12 From an award-winning writer and linguist, a scientific and personal meditation on the phenomenon of language loss and the possibility of renewal. As a child Julie Sedivy left Czechoslovakia for Canada, and English soon took over her life. By early adulthood she spoke Czech rarely and badly, and when her father died unexpectedly, she lost not only a beloved parent but also her firmest point of connection to her native language. As Sedivy realized, more is at stake here than the loss of language: there is also the loss of identity. Language is an important part of adaptation to a new culture, and immigrants everywhere face pressure to assimilate. Recognizing this tension, Sedivy set out to understand the science of language loss and the potential for renewal. In Memory Speaks, she takes on the psychological and social world of multilingualism, exploring the human brainÕs capacity to learnÑand forgetÑlanguages at various stages of life. But while studies of multilingual experience provide resources for the teaching and preservation of languages, Sedivy finds that the challenges facing multilingual people are largely political. Countering the widespread view that linguistic pluralism splinters loyalties and communities, Sedivy argues that the struggle to remain connected to an ancestral language and culture is a site of common ground, as people from all backgrounds can recognize the crucial role of language in forming a sense of self. Distinctive and timely, Memory Speaks combines a rich body of psychological research with a moving story at once personal and universally resonant. As citizens debate the merits of bilingual education, as the worldÕs less dominant languages are driven to extinction, and as many people confront the pain of language loss, this is badly needed wisdom. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Recognizing Indigenous Languages Limerick, 2023 What follows when state institutions name historically oppressed languages as official? What happens when bilingual education activists gain the right to coordinate schooling from upper-level state offices? The intercultural bilingual school system in Ecuador has been one of the most prominent examples of Indigenous education in Central and South America. Since its establishment in 1988, members of Ecuador's pueblos and nationalities have worked from state institutions to coordinate a second national school system that includes the teaching of Indigenous languages. Based on more than two years of ethnographic research in Ecuador's Ministry of Education, at international and national conferences, in workshops, in schools, and with families, Recognizing Indigenous Languages considers how state agents carry out linguistic and educational politics in eras of greater inclusivity and multiculturalism. This book shows how institutional advances for bilingual education and Indigenous languages have been premised on affirming the equality - and the equivalency - of the linguistic and cultural practices of members of Indigenous pueblos and nationalities with other Ecuadorians. Major responsibilities like serving as national state agents, crafting a standardized variety of Kichwa, and teaching Indigenous languages in schools provide vast authority, representation, and visibility for those languages and their speakers. However, the everyday work of directing a school system and making Kichwa a language of the state includes double binds that work against the very goals of autonomous schooling and getting people to speak and write Kichwa-- |
| ecuador speaks what language: International Encyclopedia of Linguistics William J. Frawley, 2003-05-01 The International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2nd Edition encompasses the full range of the contemporary field of linguistics, including historical, comparative, formal, mathematical, functional, and philosophical linguistics with special attention given to interrelations within branches of linguistics and to relations of linguistics with other disciplines. Areas of intersection with the social and behavioral sciences--ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and behavioral linguistics--receive major coverage, along with interdisciplinary work in language and literature, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics, and applied linguistics. Longer entries in the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ranging up to four thousand words, survey the major fields of study--for example, anthropological linguistics, history of linguistics, semantics, and phonetics. Shorter entries treat specific topics within these fields, such as code switching, sound symbolism, and syntactic features. Other short entries define and discuss technical terms used within the various subfields or provide sketches of the careers of important scholars in the history of linguistics, such as Leonard Bloomfield, Roman Jakobson, and Edward Sapir. A major portion of the work is its extensive coverage of languages and language families. From those as familiar as English, Japanese, and the Romance languages to Hittite, Yoruba, and Nahuatl, all corners of the world receive treatment. Languages that are the subject of independent entries are analyzed in terms of their phonology, grammatical features, syntax, and writing systems. Lists attached to each article on a language group or family enumerate all languages, extinct or still spoken, within that group and provide detailed information on the number of known speakers, geographical range, and degree of intelligibility with other languages in the group. In this way, virtually every known language receives coverage. For ease of reference and to aid research, the articles are alphabetically arranged, each signed by the contributor, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, line drawings, maps, tables, and diagrams, and readily accessible via a system of cross-references and a detailed index and synoptic outline. Authoritative, comprehensive, and innovative, the 2nd edition of the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics will be an indispensable addition to personal, public, academic, and research libraries and will introduce a new generation of readers to the complexities and concerns of this field of study. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Ways of Scope Taking A. Szabolcsi, 2012-12-06 The present volume is as much a book co-authored by all the contributors as it is an edited collection of their papers. Most of the contributors have been involved in regular discussions over the past years, often inspiring the questions, or some aspects of the proposals, in each other's papers or actually collaborating on co-authored papers. ! For this reason, the contributions make related assumptions and explore highly related issues. The organization of the volume reflects this unity of aims and interests. It starts out with an overview of some of the shared formal background, and the chapters are arranged in a sequence that is intended to invite the reader to proceed from one directly to the next. Nevertheless, there has been no attempt to eliminate individual differences in either assumptions or choice of topic. All the chapters are entirely self-contained, so the reader will find it equally possible to read any of them in isolation. Two members of the UCLA community do not appear in this volume but have been an important source of inspiration for this project: Ed Keenan and Feng-hsi Liu. Many of Keenan's works have drawn attention to the empirically diverse behavior of natural language determiners and developed theoretical tools for studying them. Liu's 1990 dissertation examined the abilities of a representative sample of noun phrases to participate in scopal dependencies and branching, coming up with provocative generalizations and pointing out their significance for then-standard theories in powerful terms. |
| ecuador speaks what language: A grammar of Yauyos Quechua Aviva Shimelman, 2017-03-29 This book presents a synchronic grammar of the southern dialects of Yauyos, an extremely endangered Quechuan language spoken in the Peruvian Andes. As the language is highly synthetic, the grammar focuses principally on morphology; a longer section is dedicated to the language's unusual evidential system. The grammar's 1400 examples are drawn from a 24-hour corpus of transcribed recordings collected in the course of the documentation of the language. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Manual of Language Acquisition Christiane Fäcke, 2014-08-25 This manual contains overviews on language acquisition and distinguishes between first- and second-language acquisition. It also deals with Romance languages as foreign languages in the world and with language acquisition in some countries of the Romance-speaking world. This reference work will be helpful for researchers, students, and teachers interested in language acquisition in general and in Romance languages in particular. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Mapping Latin America Jordana Dym, Karl Offen, 2011-12-01 For many, a map is nothing more than a tool used to determine the location or distribution of something—a country, a city, or a natural resource. But maps reveal much more: to really read a map means to examine what it shows and what it doesn’t, and to ask who made it, why, and for whom. The contributors to this new volume ask these sorts of questions about maps of Latin America, and in doing so illuminate the ways cartography has helped to shape this region from the Rio Grande to Patagonia. In Mapping Latin America,Jordana Dym and Karl Offen bring together scholars from a wide range of disciplines to examine and interpret more than five centuries of Latin American maps.Individual chapters take on maps of every size and scale and from a wide variety of mapmakers—from the hand-drawn maps of Native Americans, to those by famed explorers such as Alexander von Humboldt, to those produced in today’s newspapers and magazines for the general public. The maps collected here, and the interpretations that accompany them, provide an excellent source to help readers better understand how Latin American countries, regions, provinces, and municipalities came to be defined, measured, organized, occupied, settled, disputed, and understood—that is, how they came to have specific meanings to specific people at specific moments in time. The first book to deal with the broad sweep of mapping activities across Latin America, this lavishly illustrated volume will be required reading for students and scholars of geography and Latin American history, and anyone interested in understanding the significance of maps in human cultures and societies. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Ecuador Erin Foley, Leslie Jermyn, 2006 Provides comprehensive information on the geography, history, governmental structure, economy, cultural diversity, peoples, religion, and culture of Ecuador. |
| ecuador speaks what language: The Last Speakers K. David Harrison, 2010-09-21 Part travelogue and part scientist's notebook, The Last Speakers is the poignant chronicle of author K. David Harrison's expeditions around the world to meet with last speakers of vanishing languages. The speakers' eloquent reflections and candid photographs reveal little-known lifeways as well as revitalization efforts to teach disappearing languages to younger generations. Thought-provoking and engaging, this unique book illuminates the global language-extinction crisis through photos, graphics, interviews, traditional wisdom never before translated into English, and first-person essays that thrillingly convey the adventure of science and exploration. |
| ecuador speaks what language: The Life and Times of Grandfather Alonso, Culture and History in the Upper Amazon Blanca Muratorio, 1991 In Blanca Muratorio's book, we are introduced to Rucuyaya Alonso, an elderly Quichua Indian of the Upper Ecuadorean Amazon. Alonso is a hunter, but like most Quichuas, he has done other work as well, bearing loads, panning gold, tapping rubber trees, and working for Shell Oil. He tells of his work, his hunting, his marriage, his fights, his fears, and his dreams. His story covers about a century because he incorporates the oral tradition of his father and grandfather along with his own memories. Through his life story, we learn about the social and economic life of that region. Chapters of Alonso's life history and oral tradition alternate with chapters detailing the history of the world around him--the domination of missionaries, the white settlers' expropriation of land, the debt system workers were subjected to, the rubber boom, the world-wide crisis of the 1930s, and the booms and busts of the international oil market. Muratorio explains the larger social, economic, and ideological bases of white domination over native peoples in Amazonia. She shows how through everyday actions and thoughts, the Quichua Indians resisted attacks against their social identity, their ethnic dignity, and their symbolic systems. They were far from submissive, as they have often been portrayed. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Pluricentric Languages Michael G. Clyne, 1992 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Standardizing Minority Languages Pia Lane, James Costa, Haley De Korne, 2017-09-22 The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781138125124, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. This volume addresses a crucial, yet largely unaddressed dimension of minority language standardization, namely how social actors engage with, support, negotiate, resist and even reject such processes. The focus is on social actors rather than language as a means for analysing the complexity and tensions inherent in contemporary standardization processes. By considering the perspectives and actions of people who participate in or are affected by minority language politics, the contributors aim to provide a comparative and nuanced analysis of the complexity and tensions inherent in minority language standardisation processes. Echoing Fasold (1984), this involves a shift in focus from a sociolinguistics of language to a sociolinguistics of people. The book addresses tensions that are born of the renewed or continued need to standardize ‘language’ in the early 21st century across the world. It proposes to go beyond the traditional macro/micro dichotomy by foregrounding the role of actors as they position themselves as users of standard forms of language, oral or written, across sociolinguistic scales. Language policy processes can be seen as practices and ideologies in action and this volume therefore investigates how social actors in a wide range of geographical settings embrace, contribute to, resist and also reject (aspects of) minority language standardization. |
| ecuador speaks what language: The Indigenous Languages of South America Lyle Campbell, Verónica Grondona, 2012-01-27 The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide is a thorough guide to the indigenous languages of this part of the world. With more than a third of the linguistic diversity of the world (in terms of language families and isolates), South American languages contribute new findings in most areas of linguistics. Though formerly one of the linguistically least known areas of the world, extensive descriptive and historical linguistic research in recent years has expanded knowledge greatly. These advances are represented in this volume in indepth treatments by the foremost scholars in the field, with chapters on the history of investigation, language classification, language endangerment, language contact, typology, phonology and phonetics, and on major language families and regions of South America. |
| ecuador speaks what language: The Languages of the Andes Willem F. H. Adelaar, 2004-06-10 The Andean and Pacific regions of South America are home to a remarkable variety of languages and language families, with a range of typological differences. This linguistic diversity results from a complex historical background, comprising periods of greater communication between different peoples and languages, and periods of fragmentation and individual development. The Languages of the Andes documents in a single volume the indigenous languages spoken and formerly spoken in this linguistically rich region, as well as in adjacent areas. Grouping the languages into different cultural spheres, it describes their characteristics in terms of language typology, language contact, and the social perspectives of present-day languages. The authors provide both historical and contemporary information, and illustrate the languages with detailed grammatical sketches. Written in a clear and accessible style, this book will be a valuable source for students and scholars of linguistics and anthropology alike. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Labor Law and Practice in Ecuador Joseph A. Brackett, United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1963 |
| ecuador speaks what language: Endangered Languages Sarah G. Thomason, 2015-04-23 An introduction to language endangerment. What is it? How and why does it happen? Why should we care? |
| ecuador speaks what language: Languages at War H. Footitt, M. Kelly, 2015-12-26 Emphasising the significance of foreign languages at the centre of war and conflict, this book argues that 'foreignness' and foreign languages are key to our understanding of what happens in war. Through case studies the book traces the role of languages in intelligence, military deployment, soldier/civilian meetings, occupation and peace building. |
| ecuador speaks what language: The Amazonian Languages R. M. W. Dixon, Aleksandra I︠U︡rʹevna Aĭkhenvalʹd, 1999-09-23 The Amazon Basin is arguably both one of the least-known and the most complex linguistic regions in the world. It is the home of some 300 languages belonging to around twenty language families, plus more than a dozen genetic isolates, and many of these languages (often incompletely documented and mostly endangered) show properties that constitute exceptions to received ideas about linguistic universals. This book provides an overview in a single volume of this rich and exciting linguistic area. The editors and contributors have sought to make their descriptions as clear and accessible as possible, in order to provide a basis for further research on the structural characteristics of Amazonian languages and their genetic and areal relationships, as well as a point of entry to important cross-linguistic data for the wider constituency of theoretical linguists. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Ecuador - Culture Smart! Culture Smart!, Russell Maddicks, 2022-04-14 Don't just see the sights—get to know the people. The people who inhabit the diverse landscapes of this beautiful land are proud, friendly, hospitable, and hardworking, but to understand the culture in any depth, you need to know the complex historical divisions between the highlands and the coast, and the rigid class and racial discrimination that has dominated the country's history. This updated edition of the award-winning Culture Smart! Ecuador takes you beyond the usual descriptions of what to see and digs into the heart of this multi-layered nation to give you an insider's view of the people and their traditions, history, food, and culture, and the practical tools to make the most of your time there. Have a richer and more meaningful experience abroad through a better understanding of the local culture. Chapters on history, values, attitudes, and traditions will help you to better understand your hosts, while tips on etiquette and communicating will help you to navigate unfamiliar situations and avoid faux pas. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Speak: A Short History of Languages Tore Janson, 2002-03-14 This book is a history of human speech from prehistory to the present. It charts the rise of some languages and the fall of others, explaining why some survive and others die. It shows how languages change their sounds and meanings, and how the history of languages is closely linked to the history of peoples. Writing in a lively, readable style, distinguished Swedish scholar Tore Janson makes no assumptions about previous knowledge. He takes the reader on a voyage of exploration through the changing patterns of the world's languages, from ancient China to ancient Egypt, imperial Rome to imperial Britain, Sappho's Lesbos to contemporary Africa. He discovers the links between the histories of societies and their languages; he shows how language evolved from primitive calls; he considers the question of whether one language can be more advanced than another. The author describes the history of writing and looks at the impact of changing technology. He ends by assessing the prospects for English world domination and predicting the languages of the distant future. Five historical maps illustrate this fascinating history of our defining characteristic and most valuable asset. |
| ecuador speaks what language: Intonation in Romance Sonia Frota, Pilar Prieto i Vives, 2015 This book offers the first comprehensive description of the prosody of nine Romance languages that takes into account internal dialectal variation. Teams of experts examine the prosody of Catalan, French, Friulian, Italian, Occitan, Portuguese, Romanian, Sardinian, and Spanish using the Autosegmental Metrical framework of intonational phonology and the Tones and Breaks Indices (ToBI) transcription system. The chapters all share a common methodology, based on a common Discourse Completion Task questionnaire, and provide extensive empirical data. The authors then analyse how intonation patterns work together with other grammatical means such as syntactic constructions and discourse particles in the linguistic marking of a varied set of sentence types and pragmatic meanings across Romance languages. The ToBI prosodic systems and annotations proposed for each language are based both on a phonological analysis of the target language as well as on the shared goal of using ToBI analyses that are comparable across Romance languages. This book will pave the way for more systematic typological comparisons of prosody across both Romance and non-Romance languages. |
Ecuador Speaks What Language - archive.ncarb.org
Language Planning and Policy in Latin America Richard B. Baldauf,Robert B. Kaplan,2007 This volume covers the language situation in Ecuador, Mexico and Paraguay, explaining the …
Ecuadorian Spanish in the 21st Century - Cambridge Scholars …
“The linguistic situation of Ecuador clearly shows that the Ecuadorian Spanish and the Kichwa of the region, including their respective varieties, can only be understood through coexistence.
Ecuador - GSMA
Ecuador’s official language is Spanish. It is spoken as first language by more than 90% of the population and as a first or second language by more than 98%.
English in Ecuador - TeachingEnglish
• Ecuador’s English language policy currently aims to have English as an optional language from Grade 2 and a mandatory language from Grade 8, with the aim that all secondary graduates …
What Language Do They Speak In Ecuador (book)
the Quichua language in two indigenous Andean communities of southern Ecuador Analyzing the linguistic social and cultural processes of positive language shift this book contributes to our...
What Language Does Ecuador Speak - portal.solutionsx.com
language shift to Spanish, this book examines the ways in which Indigenous language can be revitalized and how creative bilingual forms of discourse can reshape the identities and futures …
Ecuador Speaks What Language Copy - archive.ncarb.org
reverse language shift to Spanish this book examines the ways in which Indigenous language can be revitalized and how creative bilingual forms of discourse can reshape the identities and …
Languages in Contact: Spanish, Quichua, and Other …
Module 1: Colonialism, contact, language: Spain and indigenous languages In this first module, students consider the tremendous importance of language in the Conquest of the New World, …
Ecuador Speaks What Language (2024) - archive.ncarb.org
Ecuador Speaks What Language is a crucial topic that must be grasped by everyone, from students and scholars to the general public. The book will furnish comprehensive and in-depth
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE ARCHIVE OF ECUADOR - FLACSO
In Ecuador there are 14 indigenous languages from eight different languages families: Barbacoan, Choco, Jivaroan, Quechuan, Tucanoan, Zaparoan and two isolates Cofan (A’i) and Wao Terero.
What Language Spoken In Ecuador - openedconsortium.org
Language and Life: Introduction to Grammar, Ecology, and Discourse from Pastaza and Upper Napo, Janis B. Nuckolls and Tod D. Swanson discuss two varieties of Quichua, an indigenous …
Ecuador Language Other than Spanish Map - Translators …
Ecuador Language Other than Spanish Map. Title. Created Date.
Ecuador Speaks What Language - staging-gambit2.uschess.org
When it comes to downloading Ecuador Speaks What Language free PDF files of magazines, Ecuador Speaks What Language brochures, and catalogs, Issuu is a popular choice.
Ecuador Speaks What Language (2024) - staging …
language shift to Spanish this book examines the ways in which Indigenous language can be revitalized and how creative bilingual forms of discourse can reshape the identities and futures …
Ecuador Speaks What Language (2024) - staging …
Within the pages of "Ecuador Speaks What Language," an enthralling opus penned by a highly acclaimed wordsmith, readers attempt an immersive expedition to unravel the intricate …
Ecuador Speaks What Language (PDF) - archive.ncarb.org
language and the arts and non human language and communication This reference work looks at the subject matter and contributors to the disciplines and programs in the social sciences and …
What Language Do They Speak In Ecuador (Download Only)
What Language Do They Speak In Ecuador books and manuals for download are incredibly convenient. With just a computer or smartphone and an internet connection, you can access a …
Ecuador Speaks What Language [PDF] - staging …
language shift to Spanish this book examines the ways in which Indigenous language can be revitalized and how creative bilingual forms of discourse can reshape the identities and futures …
What Is The Official Language Of Ecuador - wpdev.eu
Language Planning and Policy in Latin America Richard B. Baldauf,Robert B. Kaplan,2007 This volume covers the language situation in Ecuador Mexico and Paraguay explaining the …
Ecuador Speaks What Language - archive.ncarb.org
Language Planning and Policy in Latin America Richard B. Baldauf,Robert B. Kaplan,2007 This volume covers the language situation in Ecuador, Mexico and Paraguay, explaining the …
Ecuadorian Spanish in the 21st Century - Cambridge Scholars …
“The linguistic situation of Ecuador clearly shows that the Ecuadorian Spanish and the Kichwa of the region, including their respective varieties, can only be understood through coexistence.
Ecuador - GSMA
Ecuador’s official language is Spanish. It is spoken as first language by more than 90% of the population and as a first or second language by more than 98%.
English in Ecuador - TeachingEnglish
• Ecuador’s English language policy currently aims to have English as an optional language from Grade 2 and a mandatory language from Grade 8, with the aim that all secondary graduates …
What Language Do They Speak In Ecuador (book)
the Quichua language in two indigenous Andean communities of southern Ecuador Analyzing the linguistic social and cultural processes of positive language shift this book contributes to our...
What Language Does Ecuador Speak - portal.solutionsx.com
language shift to Spanish, this book examines the ways in which Indigenous language can be revitalized and how creative bilingual forms of discourse can reshape the identities and futures …
Ecuador Speaks What Language Copy - archive.ncarb.org
reverse language shift to Spanish this book examines the ways in which Indigenous language can be revitalized and how creative bilingual forms of discourse can reshape the identities and …
Languages in Contact: Spanish, Quichua, and Other …
Module 1: Colonialism, contact, language: Spain and indigenous languages In this first module, students consider the tremendous importance of language in the Conquest of the New World, …
Ecuador Speaks What Language (2024) - archive.ncarb.org
Ecuador Speaks What Language is a crucial topic that must be grasped by everyone, from students and scholars to the general public. The book will furnish comprehensive and in-depth
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE ARCHIVE OF ECUADOR - FLACSO
In Ecuador there are 14 indigenous languages from eight different languages families: Barbacoan, Choco, Jivaroan, Quechuan, Tucanoan, Zaparoan and two isolates Cofan (A’i) and Wao Terero.
What Language Spoken In Ecuador - openedconsortium.org
Language and Life: Introduction to Grammar, Ecology, and Discourse from Pastaza and Upper Napo, Janis B. Nuckolls and Tod D. Swanson discuss two varieties of Quichua, an indigenous …
Ecuador Language Other than Spanish Map - Translators …
Ecuador Language Other than Spanish Map. Title. Created Date.
Ecuador Speaks What Language - staging …
When it comes to downloading Ecuador Speaks What Language free PDF files of magazines, Ecuador Speaks What Language brochures, and catalogs, Issuu is a popular choice.
Ecuador Speaks What Language (2024) - staging …
language shift to Spanish this book examines the ways in which Indigenous language can be revitalized and how creative bilingual forms of discourse can reshape the identities and futures …
Ecuador Speaks What Language (2024) - staging …
Within the pages of "Ecuador Speaks What Language," an enthralling opus penned by a highly acclaimed wordsmith, readers attempt an immersive expedition to unravel the intricate …
Ecuador Speaks What Language (PDF) - archive.ncarb.org
language and the arts and non human language and communication This reference work looks at the subject matter and contributors to the disciplines and programs in the social sciences and …
What Language Do They Speak In Ecuador (Download Only)
What Language Do They Speak In Ecuador books and manuals for download are incredibly convenient. With just a computer or smartphone and an internet connection, you can access a …
Ecuador Speaks What Language [PDF] - staging …
language shift to Spanish this book examines the ways in which Indigenous language can be revitalized and how creative bilingual forms of discourse can reshape the identities and futures …
What Is The Official Language Of Ecuador - wpdev.eu
Language Planning and Policy in Latin America Richard B. Baldauf,Robert B. Kaplan,2007 This volume covers the language situation in Ecuador Mexico and Paraguay explaining the …
