Economics Of Private Equity Funds

  economics of private equity funds: Private Equity at Work Eileen Appelbaum, Rosemary Batt, 2014-03-31 Private equity firms have long been at the center of public debates on the impact of the financial sector on Main Street companies. Are these firms financial innovators that save failing businesses or financial predators that bankrupt otherwise healthy companies and destroy jobs? The first comprehensive examination of this topic, Private Equity at Work provides a detailed yet accessible guide to this controversial business model. Economist Eileen Appelbaum and Professor Rosemary Batt carefully evaluate the evidence—including original case studies and interviews, legal documents, bankruptcy proceedings, media coverage, and existing academic scholarship—to demonstrate the effects of private equity on American businesses and workers. They document that while private equity firms have had positive effects on the operations and growth of small and mid-sized companies and in turning around failing companies, the interventions of private equity more often than not lead to significant negative consequences for many businesses and workers. Prior research on private equity has focused almost exclusively on the financial performance of private equity funds and the returns to their investors. Private Equity at Work provides a new roadmap to the largely hidden internal operations of these firms, showing how their business strategies disproportionately benefit the partners in private equity firms at the expense of other stakeholders and taxpayers. In the 1980s, leveraged buyouts by private equity firms saw high returns and were widely considered the solution to corporate wastefulness and mismanagement. And since 2000, nearly 11,500 companies—representing almost 8 million employees—have been purchased by private equity firms. As their role in the economy has increased, they have come under fire from labor unions and community advocates who argue that the proliferation of leveraged buyouts destroys jobs, causes wages to stagnate, saddles otherwise healthy companies with debt, and leads to subsidies from taxpayers. Appelbaum and Batt show that private equity firms’ financial strategies are designed to extract maximum value from the companies they buy and sell, often to the detriment of those companies and their employees and suppliers. Their risky decisions include buying companies and extracting dividends by loading them with high levels of debt and selling assets. These actions often lead to financial distress and a disproportionate focus on cost-cutting, outsourcing, and wage and benefit losses for workers, especially if they are unionized. Because the law views private equity firms as investors rather than employers, private equity owners are not held accountable for their actions in ways that public corporations are. And their actions are not transparent because private equity owned companies are not regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Thus, any debts or costs of bankruptcy incurred fall on businesses owned by private equity and their workers, not the private equity firms that govern them. For employees this often means loss of jobs, health and pension benefits, and retirement income. Appelbaum and Batt conclude with a set of policy recommendations intended to curb the negative effects of private equity while preserving its constructive role in the economy. These include policies to improve transparency and accountability, as well as changes that would reduce the excessive use of financial engineering strategies by firms. A groundbreaking analysis of a hotly contested business model, Private Equity at Work provides an unprecedented analysis of the little-understood inner workings of private equity and of the effects of leveraged buyouts on American companies and workers. This important new work will be a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and the informed public alike.
  economics of private equity funds: The Performance of Private Equity Funds Ludovic Phalippou, 2010 The performance of private equity funds as reported by industry associations and previous research is overstated. A large part of performance is driven by inflated accounting valuation of ongoing investments and we find a bias toward better performing funds in the data. We find an average net-of-fees fund performance of 3% per year below that of the Samp;P 500. Adjusting for risk brings the underperformance to 6% per year. We estimate fees to be 6% per year. We discuss several misleading aspects of performance reporting and some side benefits as a first step toward an explanation.
  economics of private equity funds: The Myth of Private Equity Jeffrey C. Hooke, 2021-10-05 Once an obscure niche of the investment world, private equity has grown into a juggernaut, with consequences for a wide range of industries as well as the financial markets. Private equity funds control companies that represent trillions of dollars in assets, millions of employees, and the well-being of thousands of institutional investors and their beneficiaries. Even as the ruthlessness of some funds has made private equity a poster child for the harms of unfettered capitalism, many aspects of the industry remain opaque, hidden from the normal bounds of accountability. The Myth of Private Equity is a hard-hitting and meticulous exposé from an insider’s viewpoint. Jeffrey C. Hooke—a former private equity executive and investment banker with deep knowledge of the industry—examines the negative effects of private equity and the ways in which it has avoided scrutiny. He unravels the exaggerations that the industry has spun to its customers and the business media, scrutinizing its claims of lucrative investment returns and financial wizardry and showing the stark realities that are concealed by the funds’ self-mythologizing and penchant for secrecy. Hooke details the flaws in private equity’s investment strategies, critically examines its day-to-day operations, and reveals the broad spectrum of its enablers. A bracing and essential read for both the financial profession and the broader public, this book pulls back the curtain on one of the most controversial areas of finance.
  economics of private equity funds: Private Equity Funds James M. Schell, Pamela Lawrence Endreny, Kristine M. Koren, 2023-08-28 The best guide to private equity funds. Insight and explanations for both fund sponsors and investors. The gold standard. --Andrew Zalasin, General Partner and CFO: RRE Ventures Best Practices for Organizing and Managing a Fund With nearly $7 trillion invested in more than 20,000 funds, investor interest in the private equity industry has returned, despite the economic turmoil of recent years. Still, guidance about the organization and administration of these funds is tough to find. This 1,400+ page resource, will equip corporate lawyers, investment professionals, and tax practitioners and with best practices to manage these funds effectively. Private Equity Funds: Business Structure and Operations covers a wide range of important issues, such as: the key economic differences between various types of funds; structuring the private equity fund to meet economic expectations and investment goals; securing maximum tax benefits for the sponsor of the fund; duties of the fund's General Partner and Investment Advisor; the major regulatory issues affecting the private equity fund; and much more. Private Equity Funds: Business Structure and Operations reflects the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007 to 2009. The authors also focus on cyber risk and the compliance obligations of investment advisers.
  economics of private equity funds: Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting Douglas J. Cumming, Sofia A. Johan, 2013-08-21 Other books present corporate finance approaches to the venture capital and private equity industry, but many key decisions require an understanding of the ways that law and economics work together. This revised and updated 2e offers broad perspectives and principles not found in other course books, enabling readers to deduce the economic implications of specific contract terms. This approach avoids the common pitfalls of implying that contractual terms apply equally to firms in any industry anywhere in the world. In the 2e, datasets from over 40 countries are used to analyze and consider limited partnership contracts, compensation agreements, and differences in the structure of limited partnership venture capital funds, corporate venture capital funds, and government venture capital funds. There is also an in-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms, including security design, and detailed cash flow, control and veto rights. The implications of such contracts for value-added effort and for performance are examined with reference to data from an international perspective. With seven new or completely revised chapters covering a range of topics from Fund Size and Diseconomies of Scale to Fundraising and Regulation, this new edition will be essential for financial and legal students and researchers considering international venture capital and private equity. - An analysis of the structure and governance features of venture capital contracts - In-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms - Presents international datasets from over 40 countries around the world - Additional references on a companion website - Contains sample contracts, including limited partnership agreements, term sheets, shareholder agreements, and subscription agreements
  economics of private equity funds: Institutional Investor Activism William W. Bratton, Joseph McCahery, 2015 Over the past two decades, activist investors have begun to play an increasingly important role in corporate governance around the world. This book analyses the impact of activists on the companies that they invest, the effects on shareholders and on activists funds themselves.
  economics of private equity funds: Private Equity Douglas Cumming, 2009-12-31 A comprehensive look at the private equity arena With private equity differing from other asset classes, it requires a whole new approach for those trained in more traditional investments such as stocks and bonds. But with the right guidance, you can gain a firm understanding of everything private equity has to offer. This reliable resource provides a comprehensive view of private equity by describing the current state of research and best practices in this arena. Issues addressed include the structure of private equity funds and fundraising, the financial and real returns of private equity, and the structure of private equity investments with investees, to name a few. Discusses the role of private equity in today's financial environment Provides international perspectives on private equity Details the regulation of private equity markets Filled with in-depth insights and expert advice, this book will provide you with a better understanding of private equity structures and put you in a better position to measure and analyze their performance.
  economics of private equity funds: Introduction to Private Equity, Debt and Real Assets Cyril Demaria, 2020-06-15 Fully revised and updated to reflect changes in the private equity sector Building on and refining the content of previous editions, Introduction to Private Equity, Debt and Real Assets, Third Edition adopts the same logical, systematic, factual and long-term perspective on private markets (private equity, private debt and private real assets) combining academic rigour with extensive practical experience. The content has been fully revised to reflect developments and innovations in private markets, exploring new strategies, changes in structuring and the drive of new regulations. New sections have been added, covering fund raising and fund analysis, portfolio construction and risk measurement, as well as liquidity and start-up analysis. In addition, private debt and private real assets are given greater focus, with two new chapters analysing the current state of these evolving sectors. • Reflects the dramatic changes that have affected the private market industry, which is evolving rapidly, internationalizing and maturing fast • Provides a clear, synthetic and critical perspective of the industry from a professional who has worked at many levels within the industry • Approaches the private markets sector top-down, to provide a sense of its evolution and how the current situation has been built • Details the interrelations between investors, funds, fund managers and entrepreneurs This book provides a balanced perspective on the corporate governance challenges affecting the industry and draws perspectives on the evolution of the sector.
  economics of private equity funds: Funds Matthew Hudson, 2014-03-31 Investment funds are the driving force behind much global private economic development, and yet the world of investment funds can be complex and confusing. Funds: Private Equity, Hedge and All Core Structures is a practical introductory guide to the legal and commercial context in which funds are raised and invest their money, with examinations of the tax and regulatory background, and an analysis of the key themes and trends that the funds industry face following the financial crisis. The book looks at asset classes, investor return models, the commercial and legal pressures driving different structures and key global jurisdictions for both fund establishment and making investments. It also contains a comprehensive analysis of fund managers, from remuneration, best practice through to regulation. The book is written for readers from all backgrounds, from students or newcomers to the industry to experienced investors looking to branch out into alternative asset classes, or existing asset managers and their advisers wanting to know more about the structures elsewhere within the industry.
  economics of private equity funds: Private Equity in Action Claudia Zeisberger, Michael Prahl, Bowen White, 2017-06-09 Global Best Practice in Private Equity Investing Private Equity in Action takes you on a tour of the private equity investment world through a series of case studies written by INSEAD faculty and taught at the world's leading business schools. The book is an ideal complement to Mastering Private Equity and allows readers to apply core concepts to investment targets and portfolio companies in real-life settings. The 19 cases illustrate the managerial challenges and risk-reward dynamics common to private equity investment. The case studies in this book cover the full spectrum of private equity strategies, including: Carve-outs in the US semiconductor industry (LBO) Venture investing in the Indian wine industry (VC) Investing in SMEs in the Middle East Turnaround situations in both emerging and developed markets Written with leading private equity firms and their advisors and rigorously tested in INSEAD's MBA, EMBA and executive education programmes, each case makes for a compelling read. As one of the world's leading graduate business schools, INSEAD offers a global educational experience. The cases in this volume leverage its international reach, network and connections, particularly in emerging markets. Private Equity in Action is the companion to Mastering Private Equity: Transformation via Venture Capital, Minority Investments & Buyouts, a reference for students, investors, finance professionals and business owners looking to engage with private equity firms. From deal sourcing to exit, LBOs to responsible investing, operational value creation to risk management, Mastering Private Equity systematically covers all facets of the private equity life cycle.
  economics of private equity funds: Corporate Governance and Responsible Investment in Private Equity Simon Witney, 2021-01-07 Private equity-backed companies are ubiquitous and economically significant. Consequently, the corporate governance of these companies matters to all of us, and – not surprisingly – is coming under increasing scrutiny. Simon Witney, a practicing private equity lawyer, positions private equity portfolio companies within existing academic theory and examines the laws that apply to them in the UK. He analyses the actual governance frameworks that are put in place and identifies problems created by the legal rules – as well as the market's solutions to them. This book not only explains why these governance mechanisms are established, but also what they are expected to achieve. Witney suggests that private equity owners have both the incentives and the capability to focus on responsible investment practices. Good governance, he argues, is a critical success factor for the private equity industry.
  economics of private equity funds: The Economics of the Private Equity Market George W. Fenn, 1995
  economics of private equity funds: Venture Capital, Private Equity, and the Financing of Entrepreneurship Josh Lerner, Ann Leamon, 2023-05-02 In the newly revised second edition of Venture Capital, Private Equity, and the Financing of Entrepreneurship, a dedicated team of researchers and professionals delivers an authoritative and comprehensive account of the world of active investing. This important work demonstrates how venture capitalists and private equity investors do business and create value for entrepreneurs, shareholders, and other stakeholders. The authors, drawing on decades of combined experience studying and participating in the private equity markets, discuss the players, dynamics, and the incentives that drive the industry. They also describe various possibilities for the future development of private equity. This latest edition is perfect for advanced undergraduate students of finance and business, as well as MBA students seeking an insightful and accessible textbook describing the private equity markets.
  economics of private equity funds: Raising Capital for Private Equity Funds Heather M. Stone, 2009 Raising Capital for Private Equity Funds is an authoritative, insiders perspective on key strategies for raising private equity capital in a changing legal environment.
  economics of private equity funds: How Venture Capital Works Phillip Ryan, 2012-07-01 Explanations to the inner workings of one of the least understood, but arguably most important, areas of business finance is offered to readers in this engaging volume: venture capital. Venture capitalists provide necessary investment to seed (or startup) companies, but the startup is only the beginning, there is much more to be explored. These savvy investors help guide young entrepreneurs, who likely have little experience, to turn their businesses into the Googles, Facebooks, and Groupons of the world. This book explains the often-complex methods venture capitalists use to value companies and to get the most return on their investments, or ROI. This book is a must-have for any reader interested in the business world.
  economics of private equity funds: The Investment Game in Private Equity Mika Lehtimäki, 2022-05-02 In The Investment Game in Private Equity, Mika Lehtimäki discusses the legal relationship between investors and managers of private equity funds and sets out a game-theoretical framework for evaluating the role of regulation and contract in asset management.
  economics of private equity funds: The Oxford Handbook of Private Equity Douglas Cumming, 2012-03-22 This Handbook provides a comprehensive picture of the issues surrounding the structure, governance, and performance of private equity.
  economics of private equity funds: Investment Banks, Hedge Funds, and Private Equity David P. Stowell, 2012-09-01 The dynamic environment of investment banks, hedge funds, and private equity firms comes to life in David Stowell's introduction to the ways they challenge and sustain each other. Capturing their reshaped business plans in the wake of the 2007-2009 global meltdown, his book reveals their key functions, compensation systems, unique roles in wealth creation and risk management, and epic battles for investor funds and corporate influence. Its combination of perspectives—drawn from his industry and academic backgrounds—delivers insights that illuminate the post-2009 reinvention and acclimation processes. Through a broad view of the ways these financial institutions affect corporations, governments, and individuals, Professor Stowell shows us how and why they will continue to project their power and influence. - Emphasizes the needs for capital, sources of capital, and the process of getting capital to those who need it - Integrates into the chapters ten cases about recent transactions, along with case notes and questions - Accompanies cases with spreadsheets for readers to create their own analytical frameworks and consider choices and opportunities
  economics of private equity funds: Private Equity Investments Claudia Sommer, 2012-10-08 Private Equity experienced dramatic flutuations in investment activity in line with the turbulences of financial markets in recent years. Claudia Sommer develops a theoretical framework of factors driving private equity investment activity and the resulting performance implications. Using a data set of more than 40,000 European transations between 1990 and 2009 she applies a variety of econometrial approaches and shows how neoclassical aspects, information asymmetries, agency conflicts, and market timing contribute to the dynamics in the private equity market. In a performance analysis of more than 1,300 European private equity funds, she reveals how fund performance is linked to investment activity. ​
  economics of private equity funds: Mastering Private Equity Claudia Zeisberger, Michael Prahl, Bowen White, 2017-08-07 The definitive guide to private equity for investors and finance professionals Mastering Private Equity was written with a professional audience in mind and provides a valuable and unique reference for investors, finance professionals, students and business owners looking to engage with private equity firms or invest in private equity funds. From deal sourcing to exit, LBOs to responsible investing, operational value creation to risk management, the book systematically distils the essence of private equity into core concepts and explains in detail the dynamics of venture capital, growth equity and buyout transactions. With a foreword by Henry Kravis, Co-Chairman and Co-CEO of KKR, and special guest comments by senior PE professionals. This book combines insights from leading academics and practitioners and was carefully structured to offer: A clear and concise reference for the industry expert A step-by-step guide for students and casual observers of the industry A theoretical companion to the INSEAD case book Private Equity in Action: Case Studies from Developed and Emerging Markets Features guest comments by senior PE professionals from the firms listed below: Abraaj • Adams Street Partners • Apax Partners • Baring PE Asia • Bridgepoint • The Carlyle Group • Coller Capital • Debevoise & Plimpton LLP • FMO • Foundry Group • Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer • General Atlantic • ILPA • Intermediate Capital Group • KKR Capstone • LPEQ • Maxeda • Navis Capital • Northleaf Capital • Oaktree Capital • Partners Group • Permira • Terra Firma
  economics of private equity funds: Two and Twenty Sachin Khajuria, 2022-06-14 The first true insider’s account of private equity, revealing what it takes to thrive among the world’s hungriest dealmakers “Brilliant . . . eloquently takes readers inside the heroic world of private equity . . . [an] essential read.”—Forbes ONE OF THE MOST ANTICIPATED BOOKS OF THE SUMMER—Bloomberg Private equity was once an investment niche. Today, the wealth controlled by its leading firms surpasses the GDP of some nations. Private equity has overtaken investment banking—and well-known names like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley—as the premier destination for ambitious financial talent, as well as the investment dollars of some of the world’s largest pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, and endowments. At the industry’s pinnacle are the firms’ partners, happy to earn “two and twenty”—that is, a flat yearly fee of 2 percent of a fund’s capital, on top of 20 percent of the investment spoils. Private equity has succeeded in near-stealth—until now. In Two and Twenty, Sachin Khajuria, a former partner at Apollo, gives readers an unprecedented view inside this opaque global economic engine, which plays a vital role underpinning our retirement systems. From illuminating the rituals of firms’ all-powerful investment committees to exploring key precepts (“think like a principal, not an advisor”), Khajuria brings the traits, culture, and temperament of the industry’s leading practitioners to life through a series of vivid and unvarnished deal sketches. Two and Twenty is an unflinching examination of the mindset that drives the world’s most aggressive financial animals to consistently deliver market-beating returns.
  economics of private equity funds: Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting Douglas J. Cumming, Sofia A. Johan, 2009-04-02 Other books present corporate finance approaches to the VC/PE industry, but many key decisions require an understanding of the ways that law and economics work together. Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting is better than straight corporate finance textbooks because it offers broad perspectives and principles that enable readers to deduce the economic implications of specific contract terms. This approach avoids the common pitfalls of implying that contractual terms apply equally to firms in any industry anywhere in the world. - Explores the economic implications of contract terms for start-up firms in various industries - Pairs international data with explanations and examples about differences in VC and PE national and regional markets - Contains sample contracts, including limited partnership agreements, term sheets, shareholder agreements, and subscription agreements - Presents international datasets on limited partnership agreements between institutional investors and VC and PE funds
  economics of private equity funds: Inside Private Equity James M. Kocis, James C. Bachman, IV, Austin M. Long, III, Craig J. Nickels, 2009-04-20 Inside Private Equity explores the complexities of this asset class and introduces new methodologies that connect investment returns with wealth creation. By providing straightforward examples, it demystifies traditional measures like the IRR and challenges many of the common assumptions about this asset class. Readers take away a set of practical measures that empower them to better manage their portfolios.
  economics of private equity funds: Unconventional Success David F. Swensen, 2005-08-09 The bestselling author of Pioneering Portfolio Management, the definitive template for institutional fund management, returns with a book that shows individual investors how to manage their financial assets. In Unconventional Success, investment legend David F. Swensen offers incontrovertible evidence that the for-profit mutual fund industry consistently fails the average investor. From excessive management fees to the frequent churning of portfolios, the relentless pursuit of profits by mutual fund management companies harms individual clients. Perhaps most destructive of all are the hidden schemes that limit investor choice and reduce returns, including pay-to-play product-placement fees, stale-price trading scams, soft-dollar kickbacks, and 12b-1 distribution charges. Even if investors manage to emerge unscathed from an encounter with the profit-seeking mutual fund industry, individuals face the likelihood of self-inflicted pain. The common practice of selling losers and buying winners (and doing both too often) damages portfolio returns and increases tax liabilities, delivering a one-two punch to investor aspirations. In short: Nearly insurmountable hurdles confront ordinary investors. Swensen's solution? A contrarian investment alternative that promotes well-diversified, equity-oriented, market-mimicking portfolios that reward investors who exhibit the courage to stay the course. Swensen suggests implementing his nonconformist proposal with investor-friendly, not-for-profit investment companies such as Vanguard and TIAA-CREF. By avoiding actively managed funds and employing client-oriented mutual fund managers, investors create the preconditions for investment success. Bottom line? Unconventional Success provides the guidance and financial know-how for improving the personal investor's financial future.
  economics of private equity funds: Economics for Investment Decision Makers Christopher D. Piros, Jerald E. Pinto, 2013-03-05 The economics background investors need to interpret global economic news distilled to the essential elements: A tool of choice for investment decision-makers. Written by a distinguished academics and practitioners selected and guided by CFA Institute, the world’s largest association of finance professionals, Economics for Investment Decision Makers is unique in presenting microeconomics and macroeconomics with relevance to investors and investment analysts constantly in mind. The selection of fundamental topics is comprehensive, while coverage of topics such as international trade, foreign exchange markets, and currency exchange rate forecasting reflects global perspectives of pressing investor importance. Concise, plain-English introduction useful to investors and investment analysts Relevant to security analysis, industry analysis, country analysis, portfolio management, and capital market strategy Understand economic news and what it means All concepts defined and simply explained, no prior background in economics assumed Abundant examples and illustrations Global markets perspective
  economics of private equity funds: Patient Capital Victoria Ivashina, Josh Lerner, 2021-04-13 How to overcome barriers to the long-term investments that are essential for solving the world’s biggest problems There has never been a greater need for long-term investments to tackle the world’s most difficult problems, such as climate change, human health, and decaying infrastructure. And it is increasingly unlikely that the public sector will be willing or able to fill this gap. If these critical needs are to be met, the major pools of long-term, patient capital—including pensions, sovereign wealth funds, university endowments, and wealthy individuals and families—will have to play a large role. In this accessible and authoritative account of long-term capital investment, two leading experts on the subject, Victoria Ivashina and Josh Lerner, highlight the significant hurdles facing long-term investors and propose concrete ways to overcome these difficulties.
  economics of private equity funds: Productivity Convergence Edward N. Wolff, 2013-12-16 A vast new literature on the sources of economic growth has now accumulated. This book critically reviews the most significant works in this field and summarizes what is known today about the sources of economic growth. The first part discusses the most important theoretical models that have been used in modern growth theory as well as methodological issues in productivity measurement. The second part examines the long-term record on productivity among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, considers the sources of growth among them with particular attention to the role of education, investigates convergence at the industry level among them, and examines the productivity slowdown of the 1970s. The third part looks at the sources of growth among non-OECD countries. Each chapter emphasizes the factors that appear to be most important in explaining growth performance.
  economics of private equity funds: Putting Purpose Into Practice Colin Mayer, Bruno Roche, 2021 This is the first book to provide a precise description of how companies can put purpose into practice. Based on groundbreaking research undertaken between Oxford University and Mars Catalyst, it offers an accessible account of why corporate purpose is so important and how it can be implemented to address the major challenges the world faces today.
  economics of private equity funds: J-Curve Exposure Pierre-Yves Mathonet, Thomas Meyer, 2008-07-31 Building on the success of the author’s previous book Beyond the J Curve:Managing a Portfolio of Venture Capital and Private Equity Funds, this work covers new and additional material and offers advanced guidance on the practical questions faced by institutions when setting up and managing a successful private equity investment programme. Written from the practitioner’s viewpoint, the book offers private equity and venture capital professionals an advanced guide that will make high return targets more realistic and sustainable. Factors that can sometimes cause institutions to shy away from venture capital are the industry’s opaque track record, unclear valuations and risks, perceived lack of transparency as well as the significant entry barriers to overcome before tangible results show. These issues are all addressed in details with practical solutions to the problems. Among other topics J-Curve Exposure includes discussions of: Experiences with the adoption of the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines to address fair value under IFRS. Approaches for splitting and prioritizing distributions from private equity funds. Techniques for track record analysis and other tools to help limited partners in their due diligence. Approaches to dealing with uncertainty, the relevance of real options, and co-investments and side funds as advanced portfolio management techniques. Questions related to limited partner decision making fallacies and how to manage portfolios of VC funds. Securitization backed by portfolios of investments in private equity funds. Real life case studies illustrate the issues relevant for the practitioner.
  economics of private equity funds: Private Equity as an Asset Class Guy Fraser-Sampson, 2010-05-17 Unfairly reviled, and much misunderstood, private equity differs from all other asset classes in various important respects, not least the way in which its fund mechanisms operate, and the way in which its returns are recorded and analysed. Sadly, high level asset allocation decisions are frequently made on the basis of prejudice and misinformation, rather than a proper appreciation of the facts. Guy Fraser-Sampson draws upon more than twenty years of experience of the private equity industry to provide a practical guide to mastering the intricacies of this highly specialist asset class. Aimed equally at investors, professionals and business school students, it starts with such fundamental questions as ’what is private equity?’ and progresses to detailed consideration of different types of private equity activity such as venture capital and buyout. Rapid and significant changes in the environment during the recent financial crisis have prompted the need for a new edition. Separate chapters have been added on growth and development capital, as well as secondary investing. Newly emergent issues are considered, such as lengthening holding periods and the possible threat of declining returns. Particular problems, such as the need to distinguish between private equity and hedge funds, are addressed. The glossary has also been expanded. In short, readers will find that this new edition takes their understanding of the asset class to new heights. Key points include: A glossary of private equity terms Venture capital Buyout Growth capital Development capital Secondary investing Understanding private equity returns Analysing funds and returns How to plan a fund investment programme Detailed discussion of industry performance figures
  economics of private equity funds: Investors in Private Equity Funds Daniel Hobohm, 2010-01-14 Daniel Hobohm analyses investments by international investors in private equity and venture capital funds over the last two decades. He compares different investor types in their fund preferences, home bias and investor responses to market shocks.
  economics of private equity funds: A Wealth of Common Sense Ben Carlson, 2015-06-22 A simple guide to a smarter strategy for the individual investor A Wealth of Common Sense sheds a refreshing light on investing, and shows you how a simplicity-based framework can lead to better investment decisions. The financial market is a complex system, but that doesn't mean it requires a complex strategy; in fact, this false premise is the driving force behind many investors' market mistakes. Information is important, but understanding and perspective are the keys to better decision-making. This book describes the proper way to view the markets and your portfolio, and show you the simple strategies that make investing more profitable, less confusing, and less time-consuming. Without the burden of short-term performance benchmarks, individual investors have the advantage of focusing on the long view, and the freedom to construct the kind of portfolio that will serve their investment goals best. This book proves how complex strategies essentially waste these advantages, and provides an alternative game plan for those ready to simplify. Complexity is often used as a mechanism for talking investors into unnecessary purchases, when all most need is a deeper understanding of conventional options. This book explains which issues you actually should pay attention to, and which ones are simply used for an illusion of intelligence and control. Keep up with—or beat—professional money managers Exploit stock market volatility to your utmost advantage Learn where advisors and consultants fit into smart strategy Build a portfolio that makes sense for your particular situation You don't have to outsmart the market if you can simply outperform it. Cut through the confusion and noise and focus on what actually matters. A Wealth of Common Sense clears the air, and gives you the insight you need to become a smarter, more successful investor.
  economics of private equity funds: Private Equity Globalisation Maria Alejandra Caporale Madi, 2019 This book aims to fill a gap in existing literature in order to contribute to the understanding of the main features and outcomes of the private equity business model that has already been spread around the world. Private equity funds have been drivers of the financialisation of the global economy. Lying at the juncture of the real economy and the shadow banking system, private equity funds draw upon capital and debt to acquire stakes in companies that are intended to be sold for profit after a number of years. Indeed, these institutional investors have a key role in the diversification of global investments. Although US private equity firms are still dominant, the global private equity industry has been mainly moving toward Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. The process of financialisation has contributed to unprecedented social, political, and environmental challenges. In this setting, the complexity of social and economic policy problems of the 21st century requires the recognition of the role of private equity globalization in the selection of investments and in the creation of new business structures. The shifts in corporate ownership, trough waves of mergers and acquisitions, have created new business structures where companies are considered bundles of assets and liabilities to be traded in order to get short-term returns. Indeed, new investment and portfolio management practices have been overwhelmed by the financialisation of wealth and short-termism in American and European business. While private equity investors aim to maximize their short-term returns, private equity funds turn to be major transnational employers. The outcomes of the global financial crisis of 2007-2008 made clear the need to redress and redesign business models and re-balance corporate power in order to broaden the dialogue on social responsibility. Maria Alejandra Madi's book aims to foster a deeper understanding of the ethical challenges related to the private equity financial engineering model. In short, the book aims to prepare the reader for participating in a fruitful debate. The main target is the transformation of the global economy to a more just and sustainable one.This book is recommended for a broad interdisciplinary audience. Not only students in economics, management and international business, but also policy makers, regulators, managers and investors. Reading this book will benefit all those who seek to better understand the complex stakes in the evolution of the capitalist system, in the tensions between short-term profit targets, regulatory policies, and participatory openings in governance and social inclusion.
  economics of private equity funds: Private Equity Demystified John Gilligan, Mike Wright, 2020-11-04 This book deals with risk capital provided for established firms outside the stock market, private equity, which has grown rapidly over the last three decades, yet is largely poorly understood. Although it has often been criticized in the public mind as being short termist and having adverse consequences for employment, in reality this is far from the case. Here, John Gilligan and Mike Wright dispel some of the biggest myths and misconceptions about private equity. The book provides a unique and authoritative source from a leading practitioner and academic for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers that explains in detail what private equity involves and reviews systematic evidence of what the impact of private equity has been. Written in a highly accessible style, the book takes the reader through what private equity means, the different actors involved, and issues concerning sourcing, checking out, valuing, and structuring deals. The various themes from the systematic academic evidence are highlighted in numerous summary vignettes placed alongside the text that discuss the practical aspects. The main part of the work concludes with an up-to-date discussion by the authors, informed commentators on the key issues in the lively debate about private equity. The book further contains summary tables of the academic research carried out over the past three decades across the private equity landscape including: the returns to investors, economic performance, impact on R&D and employees, and the longevity and life-cycle of private equity backed deals.
  economics of private equity funds: Introduction to Business Lawrence J. Gitman, Carl McDaniel, Amit Shah, Monique Reece, Linda Koffel, Bethann Talsma, James C. Hyatt, 2024-09-16 Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond. This is an adaptation of Introduction to Business by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  economics of private equity funds: Lessons from Private Equity Any Company Can Use Orit Gadiesh, Hugh Macarthur, 2008-02-07 Private equity firms are snapping up brand-name companies and assembling portfolios that make them immense global conglomerates. They're often able to maximize investor value far more successfully than traditional public companies. How do PE firms become such powerhouses? Learn how, in Lessons from Private Equity Any Company Can Use. Bain chairman Orit Gadiesh and partner Hugh MacArthur use the concise, actionable format of a memo to lay out the five disciplines that PE firms use to attain their edge: · Invest with a thesis using a specific, appropriate 3-5-year goal · Create a blueprint for change--a road map for initiatives that will generate the most value for your company within that time frame · Measure only what matters--such as cash, key market intelligence, and critical operating data · Hire, motivate, and retain hungry managers--people who think like owners · Make equity sweat--by making cash scarce, and forcing managers to redeploy underperforming capital in productive directions This is the PE formulate for unleashing a company's true potential.
  economics of private equity funds: The Founder's Dilemmas Noam Wasserman, 2013-04 The Founder's Dilemmas examines how early decisions by entrepreneurs can make or break a startup and its team. Drawing on a decade of research, including quantitative data on almost ten thousand founders as well as inside stories of founders like Evan Williams of Twitter and Tim Westergren of Pandora, Noam Wasserman reveals the common pitfalls founders face and how to avoid them.
  economics of private equity funds: Private Finance for Development Hilary Devine, Adrian Peralta-Alva, Hoda Selim, Luc Eyraud, Preya Sharma, Ludger Wocken, 2021-05-14 The Covid-19 pandemic has aggravated the tension between large development needs in infrastructure and scarce public resources. To alleviate this tension and promote a strong and job-rich recovery from the crisis, Africa needs to mobilize more financing from and to the private sector.
  economics of private equity funds: International Private Equity Eli Talmor, Florin Vasvari, 2011-06-24 Bringing a unique joint practitioner and academic perspective to the topic, this is the only available text on private equity truly international in focus. Examples are drawn from Europe the Middle East, Africa and America with major case studies from a wide range of business sectors, from the prestigious collection of the London Business School’s Coller Institute of Private Equity. Much more than a simple case book, however, International Private Equity provides a valuable overview of the private equity industry and uses the studies to exemplify all stages of the deal process, and to illustrate such key topics as investing in emerging markets; each chapter guides the reader with an authoritative narrative on the topic treated. Covering all the main aspects of the private equity model, the book includes treatment of fund raising, fund structuring, fund performance measurement, private equity valuation, due diligence, modeling of leveraged buyout transactions, and harvesting of private equity investments.
  economics of private equity funds: Advanced Introduction to Private Equity Gompers, Paul A., Kaplan, Steven N., 2022-08-12 This Advanced Introduction provides an illustrative guide to private equity, integrating insights from academic research with examples to derive practical recommendations. Paul Gompers and Steven Kaplan begin by reviewing the history of private equity then exploring the evidence on performance of private equity investments at both the portfolio company level and fund level, documenting the creation of economic value. The book then presents a set of actionable frameworks for driving value creation in private equity investments. It concludes by examining how private equity investors raise funds and how they successfully manage their private equity firms.
Economics - Wikipedia
Economics (/ ˌ ɛ k ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ k s, ˌ iː k ə-/) [1] [2] is a behavioral science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [3] [4]Economics focuses on …

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Economics - Wikipedia
Economics (/ ˌ ɛ k ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ k s, ˌ iː k ə-/) [1] [2] is a behavioral science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [3] [4]Economics …

Economics Defined With Types, Indicators, and Systems - Investop…
Jun 28, 2024 · Economics is a branch of the social sciences focused on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Microeconomics is a type of …

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May 12, 2025 · economics, social science that seeks to analyze and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. In the 19th century economics was the hobby …

The A to Z of economics | The Economist
In economics, a transfer is a payment of money without any goods or services being exchanged in return. Governments make transfers in the form of welfare benefits …

What is Economics? - American Economic Association
Economics is a broad discipline that helps us understand historical trends, interpret today’s headlines, and make predictions about the coming years. Economics ranges …

What is Economics? Definition of Economics, Economics Meaning
Economics Economics is the study of scarcity and how it affects the use of resources, the production of goods and services, the growth of production and well-being over time, …

What is Economics? - Northwestern University
Economics is the study of how we make choices in the face of scarcity and how those choices motivate behavior. THE FIELD OF ECONOMICS. As individuals, families, and …

What Is Economics? - Econlib
Economics is the study of given ends and scarce means. Lionel Robbins, biography, from the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Robbins’ most famous book was An Essay …

What is Economics - Definition, Methods, Types - Research Method
Mar 26, 2024 · Economics. Economics is a social science that analyzes how people make decisions to satisfy their wants and needs, given limited resources. It explores the …

What is Economics - Definitions, Criticisms. Modern Economic Theo…
Instead, economics was merely used to analyze the action of individuals, using stylized mathematical models. Modern Definition of Economics The modern …