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| education in el salvador: Education in El Salvador Benjamin William Frazier, Cameron Duncan Ebaugh, Caroline Ella Legg, Effie Geneva Bathurst, Gladys Lamb Potter, Helen Katherine Mackintosh, United States. Office of Education, Maris Marion Proffitt, Carl Arthur Jessen, 1947 |
| education in el salvador: Modernizing Minds in El Salvador Héctor Lindo-Fuentes, Erik Kristofer Ching, 2012 In the 1960s and 1970s, El Salvador's reigning military regime instituted a series of reforms that sought to modernize the country and undermine ideological radicalism, the most ambitious of which was an education initiative. It was multifaceted, but its most controversial component was the use of televisions in classrooms. Launched in 1968 and lasting until the eve of civil war in the late 1970s, the reform resulted in students receiving instruction through programs broadcast from the capital city of San Salvador. The Salvadoran teachers' union opposed the content and the method of the reform and launched two massive strikes. The military regime answered with repressive violence, further alienating educators and pushing many of them into guerrilla fronts. In this thoughtful collaborative study, the authors examine the processes by which education reform became entwined in debates over theories of modernization and the politics of anticommunism. Further analysis examines how the movement pushed the country into the type of brutal infighting that was taking place throughout the third world as the U.S. and U.S.S.R. struggled to impose their political philosophies on developing countries. |
| education in el salvador: Fighting to Learn John L. Hammond, 1998 Popular education played a vital role in the twelve-year guerrilla war against the Salvadoran government. Fighting to Learn is a study of its pedagogy and politics. Hammond interviewed more than 100 Salvadoran students and teachers. He recounts their experiences in their own words, vividly conveying how they coped with the hardships of war and organized civilian communities politically to support a guerrilla insurgency. Fighting to Learn tells how poorly educated peasants overcame their sense of inferiority to discover that they could teach each other and work together in a common struggle. It offers both a detailed account of the practice of popular education and a broad theoretical discussion of the relationship between education, community organizing, and the political process. |
| education in el salvador: The Trajectory of Global Education Policy D. Brent Edwards Jr., 2017-09-25 This book provides new insights into the phenomena of global education policies and international policy transfer. While both of these issues have gained popularity in the field of international and comparative education, there remains much that we do not know. In particular, while numerous studies have been produced which examine how global education policies—such as vouchers, charter schools, conditional-cash transfers, standardized testing, child-centered pedagogy, etc.—are implemented globally, we lack research which illuminates the origins and evolution of such policies. The book addresses this critical gap in our knowledge by looking at multiple aspects of the trajectory of a particular policy which was born in El Salvador in the early 1990s and subsequently went global. Edwards explicitly analyzes the trajectory of global education policy with reference to the role of international organizations and within the larger international political and economic dynamics that affected the overall country context of El Salvador. |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador Stories Jerry F Westermeyer Phd, 2020-04-13 Although recent news reports document the desperate attempts of migrants from Central America seeking asylum in the United States, less well known are the millions of people who may face similar conditions and may be internally displaced yet remain in their home countries. This book explores the lives of individuals coping with poverty and the threat of violence while remaining in El Salvador. It presents the efforts of young adults to obtain an education and escape poverty and street gang extortion and violence. The stories of students and others convey a difficult social and economic reality, but also tell of resilience, courage, and miraculous growth as these young people navigate difficult formative years to obtain an education, self-confidence and employment to advance themselves, their families and El Salvador. |
| education in el salvador: Travel as a Political Act Rick Steves, 2018-02-06 Change the world one trip at a time. In this illuminating collection of stories and lessons from the road, acclaimed travel writer Rick Steves shares a powerful message that resonates now more than ever. With the world facing divisive and often frightening events, from Trump, Brexit, and Erdogan, to climate change, nativism, and populism, there's never been a more important time to travel. Rick believes the risks of travel are widely exaggerated, and that fear is for people who don't get out much. After years of living out of a suitcase, he still marvels at how different cultures find different truths to be self-evident. By sharing his experiences from Europe, Central America, Asia, and the Middle East, Rick shows how we can learn more about own country by viewing it from afar. With gripping stories from Rick's decades of exploration, this fully revised edition of Travel as a Political Act is an antidote to the current climate of xenophobia. When we travel thoughtfully, we bring back the most beautiful souvenir of all: a broader perspective on the world that we all call home. All royalties from the sale of Travel as a Political Act are donated to support the work of Bread for the World, a non-partisan organization working to end hunger at home and abroad. |
| education in el salvador: Jesuit Education and Social Change in El Salvador Charles J. Beirne, S.J., 2013-09-13 This book examines a unique university model for social change-the University of Central America Jos Sime-n Ca-as (UCA) in El Salvador, where the military murdered six Jesuit priests and two women on November 16, 1989. The book addresses such important questions as: Is the role of a university to train managers for maintaining the status quo, or to prepare graduates who will help create a new society? Is the university an ivory tower, or a center for research on social problems? Beginning with the historical, social, economic, and political context of El Salvador, this book examines the university and the factors that contributed to its changed focus, such as liberation theology. The bishops of El Salvador wanted a traditional Catholic university, but the Jesuits and their lay colleagues established an institution of Christian inspiration, free from ecclesiastical entanglements. The rectorate of Luis Achaerandio, S.J. (1969-75) saw new academic programs, research, and social outreach. The UCA took over the journal Estudios Centroamericanos, which undertook the analysis of such social issues as the 1969 war with Honduras, agrarian reform, and the fraudulent elections of 1972. Rom n Mayorga's term of office included intensified academic and financial planning, and a sharper focus on crucial national issues, with the result that rightist bombs began to explode on the campus and employees were threatened. In 1977, death squads gave the Jesuits a month to leave the country, or be killed, but the Jesuits refused to go. The final chapters cover the Ellacur'a decade: 1979-89. Despite continued bombings and attacks in the press, the UCA expanded academic programs, centers for social outreach, and publications, and played a major role in calling for negotiations to end the civil war which had erupted in the early 1980s. |
| education in el salvador: Educational Reform with Television John K. Mayo, Robert C. Hornik, Emile G. McAnany, 1976 The setting - ITV and the educational reform - Learning with television - Student attitudes Toward school and television - Student aspirations - Teachers, television, and educational reform - The cost of ITV - Some concluding remarks. |
| education in el salvador: Jesuit Education and Social Change in El Salvador Charles Joseph Beirne, 1996 First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| education in el salvador: Introduction to El Salvador Gilad James, PhD, El Salvador is a small Central American country located between Guatemala and Honduras. It has a population of approximately 6.4 million people, making it the most densely populated country in the region. The official language is Spanish, and the currency is the US dollar. The majority of the population is Catholic, and the country has a rich history and culture. The indigenous Pipil people inhabited the area before being conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. El Salvador gained independence from Spain in 1821 and has since experienced political and social turmoil, including a civil war that lasted from 1980 to 1992. Despite its small size, El Salvador has a diverse geography, including mountains, volcanoes, and beaches. Its economy is largely dependent on exports, particularly coffee and textiles. The country has faced several challenges in recent years, including high levels of poverty, gang violence, and environmental issues. However, efforts to improve infrastructure, education, and social programs have been made to address these challenges. El Salvador is also known for its vibrant culture, including its music, art, and cuisine. Overall, the country has a rich history and unique identity that continues to evolve in the face of global and domestic challenges. |
| education in el salvador: Authoritarian El Salvador Erik Ching, 2014-01-15 In December 1931, El Salvador’s civilian president, Arturo Araujo, was overthrown in a military coup. Such an event was hardly unique in Salvadoran history, but the 1931 coup proved to be a watershed. Araujo had been the nation’s first democratically elected president, and although no one could have foreseen the result, the coup led to five decades of uninterrupted military rule, the longest run in modern Latin American history. Furthermore, six weeks after coming to power, the new military regime oversaw the crackdown on a peasant rebellion in western El Salvador that is one of the worst episodes of state-sponsored repression in modern Latin American history. Democracy would not return to El Salvador until the 1990s, and only then after a brutal twelve-year civil war. In Authoritarian El Salvador: Politics and the Origins of the Military Regimes, 1880-1940, Erik Ching seeks to explain the origins of the military regime that came to power in 1931. Based on his comprehensive survey of the extant documentary record in El Salvador’s national archive, Ching argues that El Salvador was typified by a longstanding tradition of authoritarianism dating back to the early- to mid-nineteenth century. The basic structures of that system were based on patron-client relationships that wove local, regional, and national political actors into complex webs of rival patronage networks. Decidedly nondemocratic in practice, the system nevertheless exhibited highly paradoxical traits: it remained steadfastly loyal to elections as the mechanism by which political aspirants acquired office, and it employed a political discourse laden with appeals to liberty and free suffrage. That blending of nondemocratic authoritarianism with populist reformism and rhetoric set the precedent for military rule for the next fifty years. |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador, Rural Development Study , 1998 Although El Salvador has recorded impressive overall economic growth in the 1990s, during this period, agricultural growth has lagged considerably below the rest of the economy, which raises concerns about the long-run capacity of the sector to raise incomes and employment in rural areas and contribute to overall growth. The main objectives of this sector review are twofold: to develop a strategy to revitalize the agricultural sector and realize its full potential for efficient and sustainable growth by enhancing competitiveness; and to present the main findings of the analysis of rural poverty and develop its implications for the design of a strategy for poverty alleviation. |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador in Pictures Francesca Davis DiPiazza, 2007-01-01 Information on the geography, history, government, people, culture, and economy of El Salvador. |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador Educational Reform Program Including ITV. , 1968 |
| education in el salvador: Improving Primary Education in Developing Countries Marlaine E. Lockheed, Adriaan Verspoor, 1991 This study presents policy options for improving the effectiveness of primary schools in developing countries. It examines problems common to most developing countries and presents an array of low-cost policy alternatives that have proved useful in a variety of settings. |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador United States. General Accounting Office, 1991 |
| education in el salvador: Educational Television in El Salvador , 1970 |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador Turning a Blind Eye , 2004 |
| education in el salvador: OECD Development Pathways Multi-dimensional Review of El Salvador Strategic Priorities for Robust, Inclusive and Sustainable Development OECD, 2023-04-18 El Salvador has made significant development progress in the past 30 years. The end of the civil war in 1992 marked the establishment of a liberal democracy and an open export-led development model, which led to a reduction in poverty and inequality. However, with economic growth averaging a modest 2.4% in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, and productivity growth of 0.1% over the past decade, the post-war model has not generated the economic momentum or the jobs that the country needs. |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 1 Strategic, Practical Information and Opportunities IBP, Inc., 2016-04-18 El Salvador Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 1 Strategic, Practical Information and Opportunities |
| education in el salvador: Emerging Evidence on Vouchers and Faith-based Providers in Education Felipe Barrera Osorio, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Quentin Wodon, 2009-01-01 While public-private partnerships in education in the United States have received a lot of attention, research on such partnerships elsewhere has been limited--even though such partnerships have been steadily gaining prominence, particularly in developing countries. Aiming to fill this gap, this book presents fresh, technically sound empirical evidence on the effectiveness and cost of various public-private education partnerships from around the world, including voucher programs and faith-based schools. The evidence on the impact in terms of school performance, targeting, and cost of public-priv. |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador Telecom Laws and Regulations Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Regulations IBP, Inc., 2018-01-02 After thwarting the Cult of Dionysus and with the city of Nexus in ruins, all that remains for the Apollonians is to find the final Shards of the Risa Star before the Cult can use it to wreak havoc on an astronomical scale—but in this final installment of the Seven Stars trilogy, Jack Lawson and his allies face unexpected challenges. They are worlds apart; some battling old enemies in a desert fortress, and others in a formerly prosperous city-state that is slipping into totalitarianism. All the while, the pieces of a greater puzzle have been moving into place and a trap has been laid, and Jack must confront a truth that threatens to destroy everything. |
| education in el salvador: Natural Hazards in El Salvador William Ingersoll Rose, 2004 |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador Paul Oswald Woolley, 1972 |
| education in el salvador: Preprimary Enrollment , 1971 |
| education in el salvador: Syncrisis: El Salvador , 1972 |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador , 1998 |
| education in el salvador: Area Handbook for El Salvador Howard I. Blutstein, 1971 Basic facts about the social, economic, political, and military insti- tutions and practices of El Salvador. |
| education in el salvador: Somos como las nubes / We Are Like the Clouds Jorge Argueta, 2016-10-01 An eloquent and timely plea for understanding refugees. Why are young people leaving their country to walk to the United States to seek a new, safe home? Over 100,000 such children have left Central America. This book of poetry helps us to understand why and what it is like to be them. This powerful book by award-winning Salvadoran poet Jorge Argueta describes the terrible process that leads young people to undertake the extreme hardships and risks involved in the journey to what they hope will be a new life of safety and opportunity. A refugee from El Salvador’s war in the eighties, Argueta was born to explain the tragic choice confronting young Central Americans today who are saying goodbye to everything they know because they fear for their lives. This book brings home their situation and will help young people who are living in safety to understand those who are not. Compelling, timely and eloquent, this book is beautifully illustrated by master artist Alfonso Ruano who also illustrated The Composition, considered one of the 100 Greatest Books for Kids by Scholastic’s Parent and Child Magazine. Correlates to the Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.1 Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.4 Describe how words and phrases (e.g., regular beats, alliteration, rhymes, repeated lines) supply rhythm and meaning in a story, poem, or song. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.7 Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.3.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, distinguishing literal from nonliteral language. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.3.5 Refer to parts of stories, dramas, and poems when writing or speaking about a text, using terms such as chapter, scene, and stanza; describe how each successive part builds on earlier sections. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.3.7 Explain how specific aspects of a text's illustrations contribute to what is conveyed by the words in a story (e.g., create mood, emphasize aspects of a character or setting) CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.4.1 Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.4.2 Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.4.5 Explain major differences between poems, drama, and prose, and refer to the structural elements of poems (e.g., verse, rhythm, meter) and drama (e.g., casts of characters, settings, descriptions, dialogue, stage directions) when writing or speaking about a text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.4.7 Make connections between the text of a story or drama and a visual or oral presentation of the text, identifying where each version reflects specific descriptions and directions in the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.5.2 Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters in a story or drama respond to challenges or how the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic; summarize the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.5.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative language such as metaphors and similes. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.5.7 Analyze how visual and multimedia elements contribute to the meaning, tone, or beauty of a text (e.g., graphic novel, multimedia presentation of fiction, folktale, myth, poem). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.6.1 Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.6.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.6.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning and tone CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.6.5 Analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the theme, setting, or plot. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.6.7 Compare and contrast the experience of reading a story, drama, or poem to listening to or viewing an audio, video, or live version of the text, including contrasting what they see and hear when reading the text to what they perceive when they listen or watch. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.6.9 Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres (e.g., stories and poems; historical novels and fantasy stories) in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics. |
| education in el salvador: Remembering a Massacre in El Salvador Héctor Lindo-Fuentes, Erik Kristofer Ching, Rafael Lara Martínez, 2007 The authors provide the first systematic study of the infamous massacre now regarded as one of the most extreme cases of state-sponsored repression in modern Latin American history. |
| education in el salvador: The Effectiveness of U.S. Training Efforts in Internal Defense and Development Michael T. Childress, 1995 Drawing on interviews with trainers, U.S. Embassy personnel, and an extensive review of peridicals and books, the author concludes that a causal relationship between U.S. training efforts and improvements in human rights and other values is difficult, if not impossible, to establish. |
| education in el salvador: Presidential Certification on Progress in El Salvador United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, 1983 |
| education in el salvador: Learning Cooperatively under Challenging Circumstances Christine Schmalenbach, 2018-03-06 Christine Schmalenbach examines the use and potential of cooperation among students at high-risk schools in El Salvador with the objective of facilitating a culture- and context-sensitive use of cooperative learning in this setting and in similar ones in other countries. At the core is an ethnography of a marginalized neighborhood in the metropolitan area of San Salvador. The author collected data throughout a school year, mostly through participant observation and interviews with teachers, students, parents, and co-workers of a local NGO. To provide context, she conducted a literature review on the history of cooperation among students in El Salvador and implemented an exploratory survey among teachers in the same municipality. |
| education in el salvador: Education Marcelo Suárez-Orozco, Carola Suárez-Orozco, 2022-07-05 In an age of catastrophes—unchecked climate change, extreme poverty, forced migrations, war, and terror, all compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic—how can schooling be reengineered and education reimagined? This book calls for a new global approach to education that responds to these overlapping crises in order to enrich and enhance the lives of children everywhere. Marcelo Suárez-Orozco and Carola Suárez-Orozco convene scholars and practitioners from a range of disciplines—including anthropology, neuroscience, demography, psychology, child development, sociology, and economics—who offer incisive essays on the global state of education. Contributors consider how educational policy and practice can foster social inclusion and improve outcomes for all children. They emphasize the centrality of education to social and environmental justice, as well as the philosophical foundations of education and its centrality to human flourishing, personal dignity, and sustainable development. Chapters examine topics such as the neuroscience of education; the uses of technology to engage children who are not reached by traditional schooling; education for climate change; the education of immigrants, refugees, and the forcibly displaced; and how to address and mitigate the effects of inequality and xenophobia in the classroom. Global and interdisciplinary, Education speaks directly to urgent contemporary challenges. Contributors include Stefania Giannini, the director of education for UNESCO; development economist Jeffrey Sachs; cognitive psychologist Howard Gardner; Carla Rinaldi, president of the Reggio Children Foundation; and academics from leading global universities. The book features a foreword by Pope Francis. |
| education in el salvador: The Rebirth of Education Lant Pritchett, 2013-09-30 Despite great progress around the world in getting more kids into schools, too many leave without even the most basic skills. In India’s rural Andhra Pradesh, for instance, only about one in twenty children in fifth grade can perform basic arithmetic. The problem is that schooling is not the same as learning. In The Rebirth of Education, Lant Pritchett uses two metaphors from nature to explain why. The first draws on Ori Brafman and Rod Beckstrom’s book about the difference between centralized and decentralized organizations, The Starfish and the Spider. Schools systems tend be centralized and suffer from the limitations inherent in top-down designs. The second metaphor is the concept of isomorphic mimicry. Pritchett argues that many developing countries superficially imitate systems that were successful in other nations— much as a nonpoisonous snake mimics the look of a poisonous one. Pritchett argues that the solution is to allow functional systems to evolve locally out of an environment pressured for success. Such an ecosystem needs to be open to variety and experimentation, locally operated, and flexibly financed. The only main cost is ceding control; the reward would be the rebirth of education suited for today’s world. |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws IBP USA, 2013-08 El Salvador Business Law Handbook - Strategic Information and Basic Laws |
| education in el salvador: The History of El Salvador Christopher M. White, 2008-11-30 Plagued by political instability, economic hardships, and massacres of innocent men, women, and children, El Salvador has fought for freedom throughout the centuries. No other reference source captures the suffering and adversities this ever-evolving country has faced. El Salvador's tumultuous history and recent past are clearly documented in this comprehensive volume, filling a void on high school and public library shelves. This work offers the most current coverage on this tiny Latin American nation's struggles, covering from the pre-Columbian era to economics and politics in the 21st Century. Complete with interviews and accounts from former rebels and guerillas and other victims of the country's struggle for freedom, this volume highlights a unique account of El Salvador's past-the viewpoints from the civilians who lived through it. Students will find The History of El Salvador to be an invaluable source for social studies, history, current events, and political science classes. |
| education in el salvador: Fact Sheet: El Salvador United States. Foreign Operations Administration, 1955 |
| education in el salvador: El Salvador Clare Ribando Seelke, 2019-08-22 Congress has had significant interest in El Salvador, a small Central American nation that has had a large percentage of its population living in the United States since the country's civil conflict (1980-1992). During the 1980s, the U.S. government spent billions of dollars supporting the Salvadoran government's counterinsurgency efforts against the leftist Farabundo Mart� National Liberation Front (FMLN). The United States later supported a 1992 peace accord that ended the conflict and transformed the FMLN into a political party. Despite periodic tensions, the United States worked with two consecutive FMLN administrations (2009-2019), but bilateral efforts were unable to prevent significant outflows of migrants from the country. Domestic Situation On June 1, 2019, Nayib Bukele, a 37-year-old businessman and former mayor of San Salvador, took office for a five-year presidential term. Bukele won 53% of the vote in the February 2019 election, standing for the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA) party. Elected on an anticorruption platform, Bukele is the first president in 30 years to be elected without the backing of the conservative National Republic Alliance (ARENA) or the FMLN parties. Bukele succeeded Salvador S�nchez Cer�n (FMLN), who presided over a period of moderate economic growth (averaging 2.3%), ongoing security challenges, and political polarization. President Bukele has promised to reduce crime and attract investment, but his lack of support in the National Assembly (GANA has 11 of 84 seats) could present challenges. Bukele has proposed infrastructure projects that could help the country take better advantage of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR); critics question how these projects will be financed. Bukele has criticized repressive governments in Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Honduras. During a July 2019 visit with Secretary of State Michael Pompeo, President Bukele vowed to improve relations with the United States by working bilaterally to address gangs, drugs, and immigration and seeking investment rather than U.S. assistance. U.S. Policy U.S. policy in El Salvador has focused on promoting economic prosperity, improving security, and strengthening governance under the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America. Congress has appropriated nearly $2.6 billion for the strategy since FY2016, at least $410 million of which has been allocated to El Salvador. The Trump Administration has requested $445 million for the strategy in FY2020, including at least $45.7 million for El Salvador, and an unspecified amount allocated for the country under the Central American Regional Security Initiative (CARSI). Future U.S. engagement in El Salvador is uncertain, however, as the Administration announced in March 2019 that it intended to end foreign assistance programs in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras due to continued unauthorized U.S.-bound migration. In June 2019, the Administration identified FY2017 and FY2018 bilateral and regional funds subject to withholding or reprogramming. It is unclear how funds appropriated for FY2019 in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 116-6) and FY2020 funds may be affected. Bilateral relations also have been tested by shifts in U.S. immigration policies, including the Trump Administration's decision to rescind the temporary protected status (TPS) designation that has shielded up to 250,000 Salvadorans from removal since 2001. A House-passed bill, H.R. 6, would allow certain TPS designees to apply for permanent resident status. |
| education in el salvador: Reimagining Civic Education Doyle Stevick, 2007 This volume surveys the new global landscape for democratic civic education. Rooted in qualitative researc, the contributors explore the many ways that notions of democracy and citizenship have been implemented in recent education policy, curriculum, and classroom practice around the world. From Indonesia to the Spokane Reservation and El Salvador to Estonia, these chapters reveal a striking diversity of approaches to political socialization in varying cultural and institutional contexts. By bringing to bear the methodological, conceptual and theoretical perspectives of qualitative research, this book adds important new voices to one of educationOs most critical debates: how to form democratic citizens in a changing world. |
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