Education For Women In Iraq

  education for women in iraq: Women's Education in Iraq Hind Tahsin Kadry, Iraq. Embassy. United States, 1958
  education for women in iraq: Education as the Driving Force of Equity for the Marginalized Boivin, Jacquelynne Anne, Pacheco-Guffrey, Heather, 2022-01-14 In the USA, racism is the most widespread root of oppression. Black people in America, specifically, have suffered from centuries of discrimination and still struggle to receive the same privileges as their white peers. In other countries, however, there are other groups that face similar struggles. Discrimination and oppression based on religion, ethnicity, socio-economic status, political affiliation, and caste are just a few categories. However, education is a root for widespread societal change, making it essential that educators and systems of education enact the changes that need to occur to achieve equity for the groups being oppressed. Education as the Driving Force of Equity for the Marginalized highlights international research from the past decade about the role education is playing in the disruption and dismantling of perpetuated systems of oppression. This research presents the context, ideas, and mechanics behind impactful efforts to dismantle systems of oppression. Covering topics such as teacher preparation, gender inequality, and social justice, this work is essential for teachers, policymakers, college students, education faculty, researchers, administrators, professors, and academicians.
  education for women in iraq: Women in Iraq Noga Efrati, 2012-01-24 Noga Efrati outlines the first social and political history of women in Iraq during the periods of British occupation and the British-backed Hashimite monarchy (1917–1958). She traces the harsh and long-lasting implications of British state building on Iraqi women, particularly their legal and political enshrinement as second-class citizens, and the struggle by women's rights activists to counter this precedent. Efrati concludes with a discussion of post-Saddam Iraq and the women's associations now claiming their place in government. Finding common threads between these two generations of women, Efrati underscores the organic roots of the current fight for gender equality shaped by a memory of oppression under the monarchy. Efrati revisits the British strategy of efficient rule, largely adopted by the Iraqi government they erected and the consequent gender policy that emerged. The attempt to control Iraq through authentic leaders—giving them legal and political powers—marginalized the interests of women and virtually sacrificed their well-being altogether. Iraqi women refused to resign themselves to this fate. From the state's early days, they drew attention to the biases of the Tribal Criminal and Civil Disputes Regulation (TCCDR) and the absence of state intervention in matters of personal status and resisted women's disenfranchisement. Following the coup of 1958, their criticism helped precipitate the dissolution of the TCCDR and the ratification of the Personal Status Law. A new government gender discourse shaped by these past battles arose, yet the U.S.-led invasion of 2003, rather than helping cement women's rights into law, reinstated the British approach. Pressured to secure order and reestablish a pro-Western Iraq, the Americans increasingly turned to the country's authentic leaders to maintain control while continuing to marginalize women. Efrati considers Iraqi women's efforts to preserve the progress they have made, utterly defeating the notion that they have been passive witnesses to history.
  education for women in iraq: Women and Gender in Iraq Zahra Ali, 2018-09-13 Highlighting Iraqi women's voices, this is an examination of women, gender and feminisms in Iraq in the wake of the 2003 US-led invasion.
  education for women in iraq: Iranian Women and Gender in the Iran-Iraq War Mateo Mohammad Farzaneh, 2021-02-22 Eighteen months after Iran’s Islamic Revolution in 1979, hundreds of thousands of the country’s women participated in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) in a variety of capacities. Iran was divided into women of conservative religious backgrounds who supported the revolution and accepted some of the theocratic regime’s depictions of gender roles, and liberal women more active in civil society before the revolution who challenged the state’s male-dominated gender bias. However, both groups were integral to the war effort, serving as journalists, paramedics, combatants, intelligence officers, medical instructors, and propagandists. Behind the frontlines, women were drivers, surgeons, fundraisers, and community organizers. The war provided women of all social classes the opportunity to assert their role in society, and in doing so, they refused to be marginalized. Despite their significant contributions, women are largely absent from studies on the war. Drawing upon primary sources such as memoirs, wills, interviews, print media coverage, and oral histories, Farzaneh chronicles in copious detail women’s participation on the battlefield, in the household, and everywhere in between.
  education for women in iraq: Iraqi Women Nadje Sadig Al-Ali, 2007-02-12 The war in Iraq has put the condition of Iraqi women firmly on the global agenda. For years, their lives have been framed by state oppression, economic sanctions and three wars. Now they must play a seminal role in reshaping their country's future for the twenty-first century. Nadje Al-Ali challenges the myths and misconceptions which have dominated debates about Iraqi women, bringing a much needed gender perspective to bear on the central political issue of our time. Based on life stories and oral histories of Iraqi women, she traces the history of Iraq from post-colonial independence, to the emergence of a women's movement in the 1950s, Saddam Hussein's early policy of state feminism to the turn towards greater social conservatism triggered by war and sanctions. Yet, the book also shows that, far from being passive victims, Iraqi women have been, and continue to be, key social and political actors. Following the invasion, Al-Ali analyses the impact of occupation and Islamist movements on women's lives and argues that US-led calls for liberation has led to a greater backlash against Iraqi women.
  education for women in iraq: Iraq, Women's Empowerment, and Public Policy Strategic Studies Institute, Sherifa D. Zuhur, 2014-06-21 The role and experience of women is not always considered in wartime or during stabilization and reconstruction operations. In Iraq, where an entirely new political order can only flourish with the spirit of democratization, it is essential to consider women's needs and the obstacles they now face. In this monograph, Dr. Sherifa Zuhur examines some of the difficulties that attend policy formulation on women in the Iraqi context. Iraqi women have identified the security situation and basic services as their top priorities. Beyond these, the issues and contours of family law are explained, as the future of family law in emerging Iraq is as yet undetermined. Along with an increased political presence, legal reforms together with educational and employment opportunities have been the planks of women's changing status throughout the Middle East. How these are resolved will speak to the success of policy concerning women in Iraq.
  education for women in iraq: PISA The ABC of Gender Equality in Education Aptitude, Behaviour, Confidence OECD, 2015-03-05 This fascinating compilation of the recent data on gender differences in education presents a wealth of data, analysed from a multitude of angles in a clear and lively way.
  education for women in iraq: World Atlas of Gender Equality in Education Edward B. Fiske, 2012-01-01 The education of girls and women is important not only as a matter of respecting a basic human right for half the population but as a powerful force for economic development and achieving social goals such as enhanced health, nutrition and civic involvement. This Atlas presents the latest data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics on trends in educational access and progression, from pre-primary through tertiary levels and adult literacy, with special attention to the all-important issue of gender equality. These trends are depicted through colour-coded maps that make it easy for readers to visualize global and regional trends and to understand how they are shaped by factors such as national wealth and geographic location. -- P. [4] of cover.
  education for women in iraq: Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa Sanja Kelly, Julia Breslin, 2010-07-16 Freedom HouseOs innovative publication WomenOs Rights in the Middle East and North Africa: Progress Amid Resistance analyzes the status of women in the region, with a special focus on the gains and setbacks for womenOs rights since the first edition was released in 2005. The study presents a comparative evaluation of conditions for women in 17 countries and one territory: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine (Palestinian Authority and Israeli-Occupied Territories), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The publication identifies the causes and consequences of gender inequality in the Middle East, and provides concrete recommendations for national and international policymakers and implementers. Freedom House is an independent nongovernmental organization that supports democratic change, monitors freedom, and advocates for democracy and human rights. The project has been embraced as a resource not only by international players like the United Nations and the World Bank, but also by regional womenOs rights organizations, individual activists, scholars, and governments worldwide. WomenOs rights in each country are assessed in five key areas: (1) Nondiscrimination and Access to Justice; (2) Autonomy, Security, and Freedom of the Person; (3) Economic Rights and Equal Opportunity; (4) Political Rights and Civic Voice; and (5) Social and Cultural Rights. The methodology is based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the study results are presented through a set of numerical scores and analytical narrative reports.
  education for women in iraq: What Works in Girls' Education Gene B Sperling, Rebecca Winthrop, 2015-09-29 Hard-headed evidence on why the returns from investing in girls are so high that no nation or family can afford not to educate their girls. Gene Sperling, author of the seminal 2004 report published by the Council on Foreign Relations, and Rebecca Winthrop, director of the Center for Universal Education, have written this definitive book on the importance of girls’ education. As Malala Yousafzai expresses in her foreword, the idea that any child could be denied an education due to poverty, custom, the law, or terrorist threats is just wrong and unimaginable. More than 1,000 studies have provided evidence that high-quality girls’ education around the world leads to wide-ranging returns: Better outcomes in economic areas of growth and incomes Reduced rates of infant and maternal mortality Reduced rates of child marriage Reduced rates of the incidence of HIV/AIDS and malaria Increased agricultural productivity Increased resilience to natural disasters Women’s empowerment What Works in Girls’ Education is a compelling work for both concerned global citizens, and any academic, expert, nongovernmental organization (NGO) staff member, policymaker, or journalist seeking to dive into the evidence and policies on girls’ education.
  education for women in iraq: Iraq, Women's Empowerment, and Public Policy Sherifa Zuhur, 2006 The role and experience of women is not always considered in wartime or during stabilization and reconstruction operations. In Iraq, it is essential to consider women's needs and the obstacles they now face. The author examines some of the difficulties that attend policy formulation on Iraqi women, who have identified the security situation and basic services as their top priorities. Issues and contours of family law are explained, as the future of family law in emerging Iraq is as yet undetermined. Along with an increased political presence, legal reforms, together with educational and employment opportunities, have been the planks of women's changing status throughout the Middle East. How these are resolved will speak to the success of policy concerning women in Iraq.
  education for women in iraq: How Girls Achieve Sally A. Nuamah, 2019-04-22 Winner of the Jackie Kirk Award Winner of the AESA Critics’ Choice Award “Blazes new trails in the study of the lives of girls, challenging all of us who care about justice and gender equity not only to create just and inclusive educational institutions but to be unapologetically feminist in doing so. Seamlessly merging research with the stories and voices of girls and those who educate them, this book reminds us that we should do better and inspires the belief that we can. It is the blueprint we’ve been waiting for.” —Brittney C. Cooper, author of Eloquent Rage “Nuamah makes a compelling and convincing case for the development of the type of school that can not only teach girls but also transform them...An essential read for all educators, policymakers, and parents invested in a better future.” —Joyce Banda, former President of the Republic of Malawi This bold and necessary book points out a simple and overlooked truth: most schools never had girls in mind to begin with. That is why the world needs what Sally Nuamah calls “feminist schools,” deliberately designed to provide girls with achievement-oriented identities. And she shows how these schools would help all students, regardless of their gender. Educated women raise healthier families, build stronger communities, and generate economic opportunities for themselves and their children. Yet millions of disadvantaged girls never make it to school—and too many others drop out or fail. Upending decades of advice and billions of dollars in aid, Nuamah argues that this happens because so many challenges girls confront—from sexual abuse to unequal access to materials and opportunities—go unaddressed. But it isn’t enough just to go to school. What you learn there has to prepare you for the world where you’ll put that knowledge to work. A compelling and inspiring scholar who has founded a nonprofit to test her ideas, Nuamah reveals that developing resilience is not a gender-neutral undertaking. Preaching grit doesn’t help girls; it actively harms them. Drawing on her deep immersion in classrooms in the United States, Ghana, and South Africa, Nuamah calls for a new approach: creating feminist schools that will actively teach girls how and when to challenge society’s norms, and allow them to carve out their own paths to success.
  education for women in iraq: The Lonely Soldier Helen Benedict, 2010-04-01 The Lonely Soldier--the inspiration for the documentary The Invisible War--vividly tells the stories of five women who fought in Iraq between 2003 and 2006--and of the challenges they faced while fighting a war painfully alone. More American women have fought and died in Iraq than in any war since World War Two, yet as soldiers they are still painfully alone. In Iraq, only one in ten troops is a woman, and she often serves in a unit with few other women or none at all. This isolation, along with the military's deep-seated hostility toward women, causes problems that many female soldiers find as hard to cope with as war itself: degradation, sexual persecution by their comrades, and loneliness, instead of the camaraderie that every soldier depends on for comfort and survival. As one female soldier said, I ended up waging my own war against an enemy dressed in the same uniform as mine. In The Lonely Soldier, Benedict tells the stories of five women who fought in Iraq between 2003 and 2006. She follows them from their childhoods to their enlistments, then takes them through their training, to war and home again, all the while setting the war's events in context. We meet Jen, white and from a working-class town in the heartland, who still shakes from her wartime traumas; Abbie, who rebelled against a household of liberal Democrats by enlisting in the National Guard; Mickiela, a Mexican American who grew up with a family entangled in L.A. gangs; Terris, an African American mother from D.C. whose childhood was torn by violence; and Eli PaintedCrow, who joined the military to follow Native American tradition and to escape a life of Faulknerian hardship. Between these stories, Benedict weaves those of the forty other Iraq War veterans she interviewed, illuminating the complex issues of war and misogyny, class, race, homophobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Each of these stories is unique, yet collectively they add up to a heartbreaking picture of the sacrifices women soldiers are making for this country. Benedict ends by showing how these women came to face the truth of war and by offering suggestions for how the military can improve conditions for female soldiers-including distributing women more evenly throughout units and rejecting male recruits with records of violence against women. Humanizing, urgent, and powerful, The Lonely Soldier is a clarion call for change.
  education for women in iraq: Women and Power in the Middle East Suad Joseph, Susan Slyomovics, 2011-10-20 The seventeen essays in Women and Power in the Middle East analyze the social, political, economic, and cultural forces that shape gender systems in the Middle East and North Africa. Published at different times in Middle East Report, the journal of the Middle East Research and Information Project, the essays document empirically the similarities and differences in the gendering of relations of power in twelve countries—Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Palestine, Lebanon, Turkey, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Iran. Together they seek to build a framework for understanding broad patterns of gender in the Arab-Islamic world. Challenging questions are addressed throughout. What roles have women played in politics in this region? When and why are women politically mobilized, and which women? Does the nature and impact of their mobilization differ if it is initiated by the state, nationalist movements, revolutionary parties, or spontaneous revolt? And what happens to women when those agents of mobilization win or lose? In investigating these and other issues, the essays take a look at the impact of rapid social change in the Arab-Islamic world. They also analyze Arab disillusionment with the radical nationalisms of the 1950s and 1960s and with leftist ideologies, as well as the rise of political Islamist movements. Indeed the essays present rich new approaches to assessing what political participation has meant for women in this region and how emerging national states there have dealt with organized efforts by women to influence the institutions that govern their lives. Designed for courses in Middle East, women's, and cultural studies, Women and Power in the Middle East offers to both students and scholars an excellent introduction to the study of gender in the Arab-Islamic world.
  education for women in iraq: Iraqi Women of Three Generations: Challenges, Education and Hopes for Peace Martha Ann Kirk, Patricia Madigan, 2014-11-03 This is a compilation of personal interviews in Iraq with Iraqi women whose lives span three generation; grandmothers, daughters and granddaughters, relative to their lives and those of their families who have lived through the deprivations of war and restrictions that have been put on their personal development based on their gender.
  education for women in iraq: Nimo's War, Emma's War Cynthia H. Enloe, 2010 Nimo's War, Emma's War is unique in examining the gendered dimension of the Iraq war, particularly its impact on ordinary Iraqi and American women, thereby revealing an important long-term cost of the conflict. Cynthia Enloe's approach and analysis are extremely original and innovative.--Nadje Al-Ali, author of What Kind of Liberation?: Women and the Occupation of Iraq Nimo's War, Emma's War is Cynthia Enloe's darkest and most strikingly conceived text to date. War is not 'in' Iraq and Afghanistan, where foreign militaries confront local people, rather it is everywhere, most particularly in 'peacetime' domestic spaces, 'civilian' employment, marital bedrooms and high schools.--Terrell Carver, author of Politics, Language and Metaphor Cynthia Enloe has pioneered the subject of women, militarism, and war in a series of revelatory books, including Bananas, Beaches, and Bases, The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War, and Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives. Nimo's War, Emma's War is her best one yet.--Chalmers Johnson, author of The Blowback Trilogy Brilliantly researched, vividly written, Cynthia Enloe has gifted us with a new and different story of modern warfare. Entirely gripping and profoundly humane, every page raises new issues. To factor in Nimo and Emma--all the women and families touched by the carnage and agony of war, is to see the bitter range of tragedy community by community. To read this book is to ask: What are we doing to our children--all our children, combatants and civilians? How do women cope with post-war wounds and violence--agony, wreckage, displacement? Cynthia Enloe's book is essential reading for all students and journalists, public citizens and peace activists, who seek women's dignity, healthy societies, humane alternatives to the insanity of careless military destruction.--Blanche Wiesen Cook, author of The Declassified Eisenhower, Eleanor Roosevelt (vols I & II, III forthcoming)
  education for women in iraq: Sisters in War Christina Asquith, 2011-05-11 Caught up in a terrifying war, facing choices of life and death, two Iraqi sisters take us into the hidden world of women’s lives under U.S. occupation. Through their powerful story of love and betrayal, interwoven with the stories of a Palestinian American women’s rights activist and a U.S. soldier, journalist Christina Asquith explores one of the great untold sagas of the Iraq war: the attempt to bring women’s rights to Iraq, and the consequences for all those involved. On the heels of the invasion, twenty-two-year-old Zia accepts a job inside the U.S. headquarters in Baghdad, trusting that democracy will shield her burgeoning romance with an American contractor from the disapproval of her fellow Iraqis. But as resistance to the U.S. occupation intensifies, Zia and her sister, Nunu, a university student, are targeted by Islamic insurgents and find themselves trapped between their hopes for a new country and the violent reality of a misguided war. Asquith sets their struggle against the broader U.S. efforts to bring women’s rights to Iraq, weaving the sisters’ story with those of Manal, a Palestinian American women’s rights activist, and Heather, a U.S. army reservist, who work together to found Iraq’s first women’s center. After one of their female colleagues is gunned down on a highway, Manal and Heather must decide whether they can keep fighting for Iraqi women if it means risking their own lives. In Sisters in War, Christina Asquith introduces the reader to four women who dare to stand up for their rights in the most desperate circumstances. With compassion and grace, she vividly reveals the plight of women living and serving in Iraq and offers us a vision of how women’s rights and Islam might be reconciled.
  education for women in iraq: Gendered Experiences of Genocide Dr Choman Hardi, 2012-11-28 Between February and September 1988, the Iraqi government destroyed over 2000 Kurdish villages, killing somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000 civilians and displacing many more. The operation was codenamed Anfal which literally means 'the spoils of war'. For the survivors of this campaign, Anfal did not end in September 1988: the aftermath of this catastrophe is as much a part of the Anfal story as the gas attacks, disappearances and life in the camps. This book examines Kurdish women's experience of violence, destruction, the disappearance of loved ones, and incarceration during the Anfal campaign. It explores the survival strategies of these women in the aftermath of genocide. By bringing together and highlighting women's own testimonies, Choman Hardi reconstructs the Anfal narrative in contrast to the current prevailng one which is highly politicised, simplified, and nationalistic. It also addresses women's silences about sexual abuse and rape in a patriarchal society which holds them responsible for having been a victim of sexual violence.
  education for women in iraq: Women's Education in Developing Countries Elizabeth M. King, M. Anne Hill, 1997-07-01 Why do women in most developing countries lag behind men in literacy? Why do women get less schooling than men? This anthology examines the educational decisions that deprive women of an equal education. It assembles the most up-to-date data, organized by region. Each paper links the data with other measures of economic and social development. This approach helps explain the effects different levels of education have on womens' fertility, mortality rates, life expectancy, and income. Also described are the effects of women's education on family welfare. The authors look at family size and women's labor status and earnings. They examine child and maternal health, as well as investments in children's education. Their investigation demonstrates that women with a better education enjoy greater economic growth and provide a more nurturing family life. It suggests that when a country denies women an equal education, the nation's welfare suffers. Current strategies used to improve schooling for girls and women are examined in detail. The authors suggest an ambitious agenda for educating women. It seeks to close the gender gap by the next century. Published for The World Bank by The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  education for women in iraq: IraqiGirl: Diary of a Teenage Girl in Iraq IraqiGirl, 2017-01-15 I feel that I have been sleeping all my life and I have woken up and opened my eyes to the world. A beautiful world! But impossible to live in. These are the words of fifteen-year-old Hadiya, blogging from the city of Mosul, Iraq, to let the world know what life is really like as the military occupation of her country unfolds. In many ways, her life is familiar. She worries about exams and enjoys watching Friends during the rare hours that the electricity in her neighborhood is running. But the horrors of war surround her everywhere—weeklong curfews, relatives killed, and friends whose families are forced to flee their homes. With black humor and unflinching honesty, Hadiya shares the painful stories of lives changed forever. “Let’s go back,” she writes, “to my un-normal life.” With her intimate reflections on family, friendship, and community, IraqiGirl also allows us to witness the determination of one girl not only to survive, but to create, amidst the devastation of war, a future worth living for. Hadiya's authentically teenage voice, emotional struggles and concerns make her story all the more resonant. —Publishers Weekly “Despite all the news coverage about the war in Iraq, very little is reported about how it affects the daily lives of ordinary citizens. A highschooler in the city of Mosul fills in the gap with this compilation of her blog posts about living under U.S. occupation. She writes in English because she wants to reach Americans, and in stark specifics, she records the terrifying dangers of car bombs on her street and American warplanes overhead, as well as her everyday struggles to concentrate on homework when there is no water and electricity at home. Her tone is balanced: she does not hate Americans, and although she never supported Saddam Hussein, she wonders why he was executed... Readers will appreciate the details about family, friends, school, and reading Harry Potter, as well as the ever-present big issues for which there are no simple answers. —Hazel Rochman, Booklist “IraqiGirl has poured reflections of her daily life into her blog, reaching all over the cyber-world from her home in northern Iraq. She writes about the universals of teen life—school, family, TV, food, Harry Potter—but always against the background of sudden explosions, outbursts of gunfire, carbombs, death.… [A]n important addition to multicultural literature.” —Elsa Marston, author of Santa Claus in Baghdad and Other Stories About Teens in the Arab World “A book as relevant to adults as teenagers and children. Hadiya’s clear, simple language conveys the feelings of a teenager, offering a glimpse into the daily life of a professional middle-class Iraqi family in an ancient-modern city subjected to a brutal occupation.” —Haifa Zangana, author of City of Widows: An Iraqi Woman's Account of War and Resistance
  education for women in iraq: The Iraq Study Group Report Iraq Study Group (U.S.), James Addison Baker, Lee H. Hamilton, 2006-12-06 Presents the findings of the bipartisan Iraq Study Group, which was formed in 2006 to examine the situation in Iraq and offer suggestions for the American military's future involvement in the region.
  education for women in iraq: The Beekeeper: Rescuing the Stolen Women of Iraq Dunya Mikhail, 2018-03-27 The true story of a beekeeper who risks his life to rescue enslaved women from Daesh Since 2014, Daesh (ISIS) has been brutalizing the Yazidi people of northern Iraq: sowing destruction, killing those who won’t convert to Islam, and enslaving young girls and women. The Beekeeper, by the acclaimed poet and journalist Dunya Mikhail, tells the harrowing stories of several women who managed to escape the clutches of Daesh. Mikhail extensively interviews these women—who’ve lost their families and loved ones, who’ve been sexually abused, psychologically tortured, and forced to manufacture chemical weapons—and as their tales unfold, an unlikely hero emerges: a beekeeper, who uses his knowledge of the local terrain, along with a wide network of transporters, helpers, and former cigarette smugglers, to bring these women, one by one, through the war-torn landscapes of Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, back into safety. In the face of inhuman suffering, this powerful work of nonfiction offers a counterpoint to Daesh’s genocidal extremism: hope, as ordinary people risk their own lives to save those of others.
  education for women in iraq: Iraq Tim Niblock, 2021-12-24 First Published in 1982, Iraq: The Contemporary State presents insights into the political, social, and economic developments in Iraq. The author argues that Iraq, is a country which the outside world will need increasingly to understand for the stability of the wider Gulf region. Unlike most Arab oil-producing states, moreover, Iraq has substantial agricultural and hydrocarbon resources. This book covers themes like class determination and state formation in Iraq; developments in the Kurdish Issue; emancipation of Iraqi women; eradication of illiteracy; economic relations between Iraq and other Arab Gulf states; Iraqi oil policy between 1961-1976; and western, Soviet and Egyptian influences on Iraq’s development planning. This book is an essential read for scholars and researchers of international relations, West Asian studies, Middle East studies, and international politics.
  education for women in iraq: Educational Oases in the Desert Jonathan Sciarcon, 2018-07-02 A history of the French schools that pioneered female education in Ottoman Iraq's Jewish communities.
  education for women in iraq: Improving Technical Vocational Education and Training in the Kurdistan Region Iraq Louay Constant, Shelly Culbertson, Cathleen Stasz, Georges Vernez, 2014 Examines the adequacy of technical and vocational education and training in Iraq's growing Kurdistan Region; identifies areas for improvement through interviews with a variety of officials and an analysis of similar systems in other nations.
  education for women in iraq: The Kurdish Women's Freedom Movement Isabel Käser, 2021-08-26 Amidst ongoing wars and insecurities, female fighters, politicians and activists of the Kurdish Freedom Movement are building a new political system that centres gender equality. Since the Rojava Revolution, the international focus has been especially on female fighters, a gaze that has often been essentialising and objectifying, brushing over a much more complex history of violence and resistance. Going beyond Orientalist tropes of the female freedom fighter, and the movement's own narrative of the 'free woman', Isabel Käser looks at personal trajectories and everyday processes of becoming a militant in this movement. Based on in-depth ethnographic research in Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan, with women politicians, martyr mothers and female fighters, she looks at how norms around gender and sexuality have been rewritten and how new meanings and practices have been assigned to women in the quest for Kurdish self-determination. Her book complicates prevailing notions of gender and war and creates a more nuanced understanding of the everyday embodied epistemologies of violence, conflict and resistance.
  education for women in iraq: Iraq Susan M. Hassig, Laith Muhmood Al Adely, 2004 Explores the geography, history, government, economy, people, and culture of Iraq.
  education for women in iraq: Gender Mainstreaming in Education Elsa Leo-Rhynie, Commonwealth Secretariat, 1999 This is one of the sectoral guides which help to make up the Gender Management System (GMS) resource kit. GMS is an innovative system developed by the Commonwealth Secretariat for gender mainstreaming. This guide deals with how to mainstream gender issues in education.
  education for women in iraq: The Political Economy of Iraq Gunter, Frank R., 2021-10-15 The second edition of The Political Economy of Iraq is as comprehensive and accessible as the first with updated data and analysis. Frank R. Gunter discusses in detail how the convergence of the ISIS insurgency, collapse in oil prices, and massive youth unemployment produced a serious political crisis in 2020. This work ends with a discussion of key policy decisions that will determine Iraq’s future. This volume will be a valuable resource for anyone with a professional, business, or academic interest in the post-2003 political economy of Iraq.
  education for women in iraq: Iraq at the Crossroads Amy V. Cardosa, 2007 This book on Iraq focuses on the post-Saddam government, women in Iraq and the potential oil wealth remaining unrealised. Iraq, which was attacked by the United States to force a regime change, faces an uncertain future because of internal strife, outside forces such as the US and anti-US entities, and the effects of government inexperience and lack of legal and institutional infrastructures.
  education for women in iraq: United Arab Emirates (UAE) Kenneth Katzman, 2010-11 The UAE¿s relatively open borders, economy, and society have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East while producing financial excesses, social ills such as prostitution and human trafficking, and relatively lax controls on sensitive technologies acquired from the West. Contents of this report: (1) Governance, Human Rights, and Reform: Status of Political Reform; Human Rights-Related Issues; (2) Cooperation Against Terrorism and Proliferation; (3) Foreign Policy and Defense Cooperation With the U.S.: Regional Issues; Security Cooperation with the U.S.: Relations With Iran; Cooperation on Iraq; Cooperation on Afghanistan and Pakistan; U.S. and Other Arms Sales; UAE Provision of Foreign Aid; (4) Economic Issues.
  education for women in iraq: Familiar Futures Sara Pursley, 2019 Introduction : Iraqi futures and the age of development -- Sovereignty, violence, and the dual mandate -- Determining a self -- The gendering of school time -- Generational time and the marriage crisis -- The family farm and the peculiar futurist perspective of development -- Revolutionary time and wasted time -- Law and the post-revolutionary self -- Epilogue : postcolonial heterotemporalities
  education for women in iraq: Women and Gender in Islam Jin Xu, 2021 A classic, pioneering account of the lives of women in Islamic history, republished for a new generation This pioneering study of the social and political lives of Muslim women has shaped a whole generation of scholarship. In it, Leila Ahmed explores the historical roots of contemporary debates, ambitiously surveying Islamic discourse on women from Arabia during the period in which Islam was founded to Iraq during the classical age to Egypt during the modern era. The book is now reissued as a Veritas paperback, with a new foreword by Kecia Ali situating the text in its scholarly context and explaining its enduring influence. “Ahmed’s book is a serious and independent-minded analysis of its subject, the best-informed, most sympathetic and reliable one that exists today.”—Edward W. Said “Destined to become a classic. . . . It gives [Muslim women] back our rightful place, at the center of our histories.”—Rana Kabbani, The Guardian
  education for women in iraq: Human Development in Iraq Bassam Yousif, 2013-06-17 This systematic evaluation of Iraq’s political economy and human development offers a complex and sophisticated analysis of Iraq’s recent history. Focusing on the period from 1950 up to the Gulf war in 1990, the book brings an understanding of how development has been shaped or constrained in this much misunderstood country. The author employs the human development paradigm to link human development and human rights to the analysis of political economy. The resulting scholarship, on income and investment, education and health, the status of women, and human rights, presents a nuanced, balanced - but critical - appraisal of the complex interrelationships between economic growth and development and illustrates the fragility of that development, especially when political institutions fail to keep up with the rapid expansion in human capabilities. Providing the historical analysis needed to understand Iraq’s current political situation, this book will be of great interest to scholars of development studies, Iraq, and political economy.
  education for women in iraq: Iraq Geoff Hann, Karen Dabrowska, Tina Townsend-Greaves, 2015-08-07 Modern Iraq is under threat from every quarter. Politics play havoc with ordinary lives; sanctions cut deep. However, today's rare visitors are met with a broad hospitality that belies years of deprivation
  education for women in iraq: Women and Democracy in Iraq Huda Al-Tamimi, 2019-05-30 As the post-invasion reconstruction of Iraq has unfolded, the potential for Iraqi women to participate actively and visibly in the country's political structure has been one of its most notable results. The 2005 Constitution required that no less than 25% of seats in the Iraqi Parliament be filled by women. Yet despite subsequent parliamentary statistics suggesting great strides for female political participation, there has been a resounding silence on the wider implications of this quota for women in Iraqi political life. This book is the first full-length study of women's political representation in Iraq. Based on interviews with politicians and substantial media analysis, Huda Al-Tamimi outlines the political, sectarian and cultural constraints facing female Members of Parliament, and the ways in which individual women and women's organizations are actively challenging barriers to their political influence. The book is a vital contribution to discussions concerning the success and limitations of gender quotas in the Middle East. It also offers new and critical perspectives on the evolution of Iraqi politics, a subject that remains of high priority for a region and international community interested in the nation's reconstruction.
  education for women in iraq: The Other Iraq Orit Bashkin, 2008-11-20 The Other Iraq challenges the notion that Iraq has always been a totalitarian, artificial state, torn by sectarian violence. Chronicling the rise of the Iraqi public sphere from 1921 to 1958, this enlightening work reveals that the Iraqi intellectual field was always more democratic and pluralistic than historians have tended to believe. Orit Bashkin demonstrates how Sunni, Shi'i, and Kurdish intellectuals effectively created hyphenated Iraqi identities, connoting pride in their individual heritages while simultaneously appropriating and integrating ideas and narratives of Arab and Iraqi nationalism. Illustrating three developmental stages of Iraqi intellectual history, she follows Iraqi intellectuals' changing roles, from agents of democracy, to specialists who analyze the population, to deeply entrenched members of society committed to change. Based on previously unexplored material, this eye-opening work has significant contemporary implications.
  education for women in iraq: Youth Identity, Politics and Change in Contemporary Kurdistan Shivan Fazil, Bahar Baser, 2021-09-01 Today’s youth are challenging the older political class around the world and are forming new political generations. Examples from South Africa and elsewhere where peace processes were deemed to be successful show signs of youth disapproval of the current post-conflict conditions. Moreover, the Arab Spring witnessed numerous youth movements emerge in authoritarian and illiberal contexts. This book was prepared in light of these discussions and aims to contribute to these ongoing debates on youth politics by presenting the situation of youth in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) as a case study. It will be the first book that specifically focuses on the Iraqi Kurdish youth and their political, social, and economic participation in Kurdistan. The contemporary history of the KRI is marked by conflict, war, and ethnic cleansing under Saddam Hussein and the tyranny of the Ba’ath regime, significantly affecting the political situation of the Kurds in the Middle East. Most of the recent academic literature has focused on the broader picture or, in other words, the macro politics of the Kurdish conundrum within Iraq and beyond. There is little scholarship about the Kurdish population and their socio-economic conditions after 2003, and almost none about the younger generation of Kurds who came of age during autonomous Kurdish rule. This is a generation that, unlike their forebears, has no direct memory of the decades-long campaigns of repression. Studying and examining the rise of this generation of Kurdish young millennials—“Generation 2000”—who came of age in the aftermath of the United States invasion of Iraq offers a unique approach to understand the dynamics in a region that underwent a substantial socio-political transformation after 2003 as well as the impact of these developments on the youth population. Pursuing different themes and lines of inquiry the contributors of the book analyze the challenges and opportunities for young men and women to fulfil their needs and desires, and contribute to the ongoing quest for nationhood and nation-building. In this book, our aim is to bring together a variety of perspectives from local and foreign academics who have been working on pressing issues in Kurdistan and beyond. The chapters focus on an array of themes, particularly including political participation, political situation and change, religiosity, and extremism. ... Taken together, the chapters provide us with an introduction to youth politics in Kurdistan. This book is just the first attempt to open academic and nonacademic debate on this subject at a time when protests around youth-related issues are becoming a more prevalent method of political engagement in the region. Our hope is that more research follows and supplements what has not been addressed in this book, especially through the introduction of first-hand youth perspectives to the core of this analysis and giving them a voice in nonviolent platforms. CONTENTS Foreword: Youth in the Kurdistan Region and Their Past and Present Roles - Karwan Jamal Tahir Kurdish Youth as Agents of Change: Political Participation, Looming Challenges, and Future Predictions - Shivan Fazil and Bahar Baser CHAPTER 1. Youth Political Participation and Prospects for Democratic Reform in Iraqi Kurdistan - Munir H. Mohammad CHAPTER 2. Social Media, Youth Organization, and Public Order in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Megan Connelly CHAPTER 3. Constructing Their Own Liberation: Youth’s Reimagining of Gender and Queer Sexuality in Iraqi Kurdistan - Hawzhin Azeez CHAPTER 4. Kurdish Youth and Civic Culture: Support for Democracy Among Kurdish and non-Kurdish Youth in Iraq - Dastan Jasim CHAPTER 5. Youth and Nationalism in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Sofia Barbarani CHAPTER 6. An Elitist Interpretation of KRG Governance: How Self-Serving Kurdish Elites Govern Under the Guise of Democracy and the Subsequent Implications for Representation and Change - Bamo Nouri CHAPTER 7. Educational Policy in the Kurdistan Region: A Critical Democratic Response - Abdurrahman Ahmad Wahab CHAPTER 8. Making Heaven in a Shithole: Changing Political Engagement in the Aftermath of the Islamic State - Lana Askari CHAPTER 9. Kurdish Youth and Religious Identity: Between Religious and National Tensions - Ibrahim Sadiq CHAPTER 10. Youth Radicalization in Kurdistan: The Government Response - Kamaran Palani
  education for women in iraq: Iraqi women in Denmark Marianne Holm Pedersen, 2015-11-01 Iraqi women in Denmark is an ethnographic study of ritual performance and place-making among Shi‘a Muslim Iraqi women in Copenhagen. The book explores how Iraqi women construct a sense of belonging to Danish society through ritual performances, and investigates how this process is interrelated with their experiences of inclusion and exclusion in Denmark. The findings refute the all too simplistic assumptions of general debates on Islam and immigration in Europe that tend to frame religious practice as an obstacle to integration in the host society. In sharp contrast to the fact that the Iraqi women’s religious activities in many ways contribute to categorising them as outsiders to Danish society, their participation in religious events also localises them in the city. Written in an accessible, narrative style, this book addresses both an academic audience and the general reader interested in Islam in Europe and immigration to Scandinavia.
@UNICEF Iraq / 2019 / Anmar
Jan 24, 2021 · report, The Right to Education in Iraq - Part Two: Obstacles to Girls’ Education after ISIL, examines how traditional gender roles and norms, family levels of education, …

Gender and Denial of right of Education in Iraq - BWA
First: Approval of a national plan for the advancement of women's education in Iraq, to which government organizations and civil society organizations contribute with a budget to …

Iraq Education Fact Sheets | 2020 - UNICEF DATA
In Iraq, 47 per cent of children of the key population group not completing primary education are male, therefore 53 per cent have to be female.

Gaps in Formal Education in Iraq Final Report Education ... - NRC
From August - December 2021 the Education Consortium of Iraq (ECI) conducted a study to investigate gaps in formal education service provision at the primary and secondary level to …

Backgrounder on Women In Iraq - Human Rights Watch
Women and girls were disproportionately affected by the economic consequences of the U.N. sanctions, and lacked access to food, health care, and education.

UNICEF Iraq/2016 The Right to Education in Iraq - UN Human …
The right to education is a fundamental human right enshrined in several international law instruments applicable to Iraq, including Art. 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights …

ECW Multi-Year Resilience Programme IRAQ 2021-2024
The Iraq MYRP prioritizes safe, protective, inclusive and gender responsive education services, supported by strategies and actions aimed at improving safety and well-being beyond schools. …

Gender Review and Analysis of Basic Education in Kurdistan …
recommendations for future programming for UN Women/UNICEF in Iraq are drawn. Recommendations also include proposed activities for achieving gender equity at basic …

Women’s Right to Education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
understanding of the significance of education as a basic human right and the basis for empowering women; integrate age-appropriate education on women’s human rights and the …

Iraqi Women Integrated Social and Health Survey (IWISH2)
Apr 1, 2022 · The survey intended to identify the social and health parameters for the Iraqi households, to study women’s status, and to collect enough statistical data that reflect …

Case Study Empowering girls through IT and Coding …
In Iraq, public education is provided for free, from primary school to higher education. The years of schooling comprise six years of mandatory primary education, which starts from the age...

Women’s Economic Empowerment in Iraq - World Bank
Iraq has taken significant steps towards empowering women, such as:-Amendments to the Labor Law which included provisions prohibiting sexual harassment in the workplace and mandating …

Iraq: Decades of suffering, Now women deserve better
Women and girls in Iraq live in fear of violence as the conflict intensifies and insecurity spirals. Tens of thousands of civilians are reported to have been killed or injured in military operations …

GIRLS EDUCATION IN IRAQ - No Lost Generation
This report contains a situation analysis of girls’ education in Iraq and recommendations for improving girls’ access to good quality schooling.

WOMEN AND PEACE IN IRAQ: OPPORTUNITIES, …
Women and girls have suffered from the long-term conflicts in Iraq, with detrimental impacts on their social, economic and political conditions. Important strides, including

Women in Iraq Factsheet March 2013 - Humanitarian Library
LITERACY AND EDUCATION Gender-based discrimination in education is both a cause and an outcome of poverty and results in a breakdown of social and economic development. In Iraq, …

After the Invasion: An Outlook on the Future for Iraq's Women
health and safety of women in Iraq. This, however, is where we presently face a major roadblock. One cannot fully understand the position of women in Iraqi society without realizing how our …

Iraq - JICA - 国際協力機構
Creating development opportunities for women; will enabling the expansion of options available for her and provide her with humane environment characterized by justice and equity 2010 …

Discussing the Most Important Rights for Women in Iraq
explores what women, living in Iraq, consider to be the rights of women and which rights are the most important for them. The survey was created based on focus group discussions with five …

Women in Iraq Fact sheet March 2012 - ReliefWeb
Girls’ low levels of education have a negative impact on the current and future participation of women in Iraq’s labor force. Across the country, only 14% of all women are

GIRLS EDUCATION IN IRAQ - No Lost Generation
the full potential of Arab women is an indispensable prerequisite for development in all Arab states”. ... This report contains a situation analysis of girls’ education in Iraq and …

YASMIN HUSEIN AL-]AWAHERI - University of Utah
Recasting the Development of Female Education in Iraq Education in Iraq was proclaimed as an exclusive function of the state chat must be secured for all citizens on an equal basis.1 …

Iraq - EPDC
Iraq In Iraq, the academic year begins in September and ends in June, and the official primary school entrance age is 6. The system is structured so that the primary school cycle lasts 6 …

Private Schools – The solution to Iraq’s Education Crisis?
Aug 12, 2018 · Iraq’s Education Crisis? 2 About Al-Bayan Center for Planning andStudies is an independent, nonprofit think tank based in Baghdad, Iraq. Its primary mission is to offer an …

USAID-Iraq Education Program: Overview Year 1
USAID-Iraq Education Program Overview Year 1 The education system in Iraq was widely regarded as one the best in the Middle East until the 1980’s. Between the 1960s and 1990s, …

IRAQ Child Protection Sectoral and OR+ (Thematic) Report
Iraq Country Programme, and the Government of Iraq National Development Plan and the Kurdistan Regional Government’s (KRG) Vision 2020, as well as the SDGs specific to Child …

IN IRAQ, JORDAN AND LEBANON - World Bank
ry-educated women are in the labor force, compared to two-thirds of women with tertiary education in Iraq and Leb-anon and half of those in Jordan (Figure ES.2). Notably, differences …

© Central European University - Private University 2024
education.6 Consequently, women’s participation in the labor force in Iraq is one of the lowest in the world, with an average of 12%; 9 out of 10 women are without income. 7 As of 2021, …

US$41 - UNICEF
reintegration of these children and women, who have acute protection, health and education needs. In areas that were affected by the 2013–2017 conflict in Iraq, unmet needs persist for …

Woman leadership Institute (WLI) - معهد المرأة القيادية
ةيدايقلا ةأرملا دهعم ةيموكح ريغ ةمظنم Women Leadership Institute NGO Booklet (Reality of woman political participation in Iraq) Net. Folder (Provincial council’s election). Poster (woman political …

Women’s Economic Empowerment in Iraq - World Bank
Women’s Economic Empowerment in Iraq Challenges, Strategies and Initiatives January 2019. Content Facts and figures ... -Reduce the gender gap in all aspects to empower women …

A GENDER ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIA LANDSCAPE IN IRAQ …
women’s rights, gender equality and political participation in Iraq. Aswatouna is a 36-month project aimed at “empowering women to participate equally as citizens and decision-mak-ers …

ANNUAL GENDER REPORT 2020 - United Nations …
Jan 20, 2021 · Equal opportunities in education, healthcare and decent labor, representation in the political and economic processes and decision-making promote ... The situation for women …

Girls in Iraq - UNICEF
education, lower secondary education, or upper secondary education [SDG 4.1.2] Completion rate % of adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in the labour force who are unemployed [SDG 8.5.2] …

IRAQ - UNICEF DATA
Figure 4. Percentage of women aged 20 to 24 years who were first married or in union before age 18 Wealth quintile Education Residence Statistical profile on child marriage: Iraq n/a n/a n/a n/a …

THE COST AND BENEFITS OF EDUCATION IN IRAQ - UNICEF
There has been remarkable progress in education in Iraq. Enrolment in primary education grew tremendously over the past decade, increasing at about 4.1% per year. As of 2015-2016, 9.2 …

PROMOTING PROTECTION AND EMPOWERMENT FOR IRAQI …
law. Since affected women and children are not protected and may not be eligible for health care, education, and other state services, uncertainties exist. The same holds true for widows and …

National Birth Spacing & Family Planning - UNFAP-Iraq
generates returns by opening opportunities for higher level female education, improvement in women’s general health, increases in female labour force participation and earnings, improved …

Abstract - joss-iq.org
women (29.8%) in rural areas compared to urban areas (19.4%). Keywords: )the marshes countryside, rural women, women’s lives in the marshes(. the study Problem Rural women in …

IRAQ Education Sectoral and OR+ (Thematic) Report
UNICEF’s Education Programme in Iraq is guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and other related international conventions such as the Convention on the Elimination of …

The Torture of Women in Iraqi Prisons - Seton Hall University
women in Iraq.1 These levels are currently higher than women have experienced in Iraq throughout the entire 20th century. The rise in violence may have been aggravated by …

Iraqi Women in Civil Society - The American University of …
In southern Iraq, women’s civil society has focused its efforts on addressing the direct needs of women and girls, such as early marriage and its consequences, including economic insecurity, …

iraq
education and to create a protective environment for women and girls. ... Strategy to Combat Violence against Women and Girls, by which we seek justice for all, I wish to pay tribute to the …

The Situation of Children and Women in Iraq - UNICEF
and women • This is the 4th MICS in Iraq; previous MICS rounds were in 2006, 2000 and 1996 • Largest survey in Iraq with 36,000 households interviewed • Second survey in Iraq to collect …

A Roadmap for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of …
Women hold only 25.2 percent of parliamentary seats, and only 39.5 percent of adult women have reached at least at secondary level of education compared to 56.5 percent of men.6 For every …

Challenges and complexity in human rights education
This paper examines tensions in implementing human rights education (HRE) in schools in Kurdistan-Iraq, both for teachers and for policy-makers, juggling nation-building and its applica- …

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM …
higher education taking into consideration the ever-changing demographics, political contests and economic variation in the region. The right to education is regarded as necessary for women in …

“I am not a Good Woman? Exploring the - SAGE Journals
the HPV prevalence in Iraq (Ali et al., 2021). Generally gynecologists are responsible for undertaking smear tests in healthcare settings in Iraq, where unwell women have been …

Baseline Study of the Socio-Economic Empowerment of …
Explosive Hazard Management (EHM) teams and Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) teams in Ninewa Governorate in Iraq. Aspects of empowerment are studied through the survey …

UNICEF IN IRAQ 2021
UNICEF in Iraq FOREWORD In 2021, children in Iraq continued to go through a triple emergency combining COVID-19, the economic crisis stemming from the pandemic, and the challenges …

ANTENATAL CARE IN ERBIL CITY-IRAQ: ASSESSMENT OF …
education and antenatal care had a significant impact on the results of child bearing.5 Education provides women with accurate information about themselves, and about ways to prevent and …

After the Invasion: An Outlook on the Future for Iraq's Women
health and safety of women in Iraq. This, however, is where we presently face a major roadblock. One cannot fully understand the position of women in ... education resulted in a 75% literacy …

Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the …
Education and Women’s Empowerment, 123 Sexuality, Cultural Change, and Backlash, 129 Conclusion, 132 5 Gender, Conflict, and War: Palestine, Afghanistan, Iraq 137 Palestine, 141 …

GENDER JUSTICE AND WOMEN S RIGHTS IN IRAQ - DePaul …
The Gender Justice in Iraq conference resulted in the production of twenty-four specialized essays written by participants and other invited contributors. They are presented in two parts: part 1 …

Country Office Annual Report 2021 Iraq - 2130 - UNICEF
Based on the MICS 2018, access to primary education is high in Iraq, with a net enrolment rate of 91.6 percent. However, access at other levels remains challenging; only 10 percent of Iraqi …

reVieW eSSAy irAQi WoMen in Condition S oF WA r And …
women’s rights. ‘Abd al-Husayn argues that the negative effects of the Iran–Iraq war on women’s access to education and work outside the home foreshadowed later shifts in Iraqi women’s …

ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN …
G.J.B.B., VOL.5 (3) 2016: 327-330 ISSN 2278 – 9103 327 ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SULAIMANI CITY Ali Hattem Bayati1, Avan Hussain …

Gendered Social-interactional Contexts in Educational …
style s of the two genders in higher education institutions in Iraq from the perspective of female academics, as well as the results of Holmes and Stubbe ¶V (2003 ) work . Seventy female …

Access to Clean Water for Women in Iraq: Accorded Rights
Mar 19, 2021 · will for Iraq to have a well-functioning economy upstream states’ water policies are serving to perpetuate the status quo . At the same time, Iraq’s most vulnerable citizens’ …

OVERVIEW OF THE STATUS OF WOMEN LIVING WITHOUT …
2.1. General information on the status of women in Iraq According to the UN (2013), years of economic sanctions imposed on Iraq and of armed conflict in the country have led to …

Country Office Annual Report 2022 Iraq - UNICEF
and barriers to accessing education. Accurate data on the situation of children, young people and women, necessary for evidence-based policies, remains a challenge. Despite the country’s …

Iraq - World Bank
Iraq - Scores for Women, Business and the Law 2024 Mobility Workplace Pay Marriage Parenthood Entrepreneur-ship Assets Pension WBL 2024 Index Score 25 100 50 0 20 100 40 …

Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Population Analysis Report 2021
Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Population Analysis Report 2021 2 Preface: On 22 June 2021, at a special ceremony, we launched a summary of population ... social status and education. 6) …

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education
Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education Volume 20 Issue 1 Article 1 4-1-2013 Access to AgriculturalInputs, Technology and Information, ... women play in Iraq agriculture. A …

Refugee Families from Iraq - BRYCS
professional fields. Prior to the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s, Iraq was a regional educational center, with nationals from other countries in the region traveling to Iraq to complete specialized …

Trends and Applications of English Language Studies in Iraqi …
College of Education for Women University of Baghdad, Iraq . Arab World English Journal: Special Issue: Application of Global ELT Practices in Saudi Arabia, September 2019 ... College …

Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy
CRS-3 4 For general historical information on the GFIW, see Suad Joseph, “Elite Strategies for State-Building: Women, Family, Religion and State in Iraq and Lebanon,” in Women, Islam and …

Representations of Women in the Writings of the …
Apr 1, 2008 · education of Iraqi women (Matthews and Akrawi 1949, 99–197; Sluglett 1976, 273–4; Efrati 2001). Th e views of Oriental Secretary Gertrude Bell exemplify the ten-sions …

A Non-Western Representation of the Third World Women in …
English Department, College of Education for Women Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq ... College of Education for Women Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq Received: 05/09/2022 Accepted:07/21/2022 …

Women Iran: What and marriage market? - JSTOR
Women and highereducation inIran 423 projectofIslamisation.Interms ofwomen'seducation,the 1980srepresentaperiod ofexplicitdiscrimination. During the period 1992-2005, women …