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| education in ancient sparta: The Gymnasium of Virtue Nigel M. Kennell, 2000-11-09 The Gymnasium of Virtue is the first book devoted exclusively to the study of education in ancient Sparta, covering the period from the sixth century B.C. to the fourth century A.D. Nigel Kennell refutes the popular notion that classical Spartan education was a conservative amalgam of primitive customs not found elsewhere in Greece. He argues instead that later political and cultural movements made the system appear to be more distinctive than it actually had been, as a means of asserting Sparta's claim to be a unique society. Using epigraphical, literary, and archaeological evidence, Kennell describes the development of all aspects of Spartan education, including the age-grade system and physical contests that were integral to the system. He shows that Spartan education reached its apogee in the early Roman Empire, when Spartans sought to distinguish themselves from other Greeks. He attributes many of the changes instituted later in the period to one person--the philosopher Sphaerus the Borysthenite, who was an adviser to the revolutionary king Cleomenes III in the third century B.C. |
| education in ancient sparta: Spartan Education Jean Ducat, 2006-12-01 Jean Ducat is the leading French authority on classical Sparta. Here is what is likely to be seen as his magnum opus. Ducat systematically collects, translates and evaluates the sources - famous and obscure alike - for Spartan education. He deploys his familiar combination of good judgement and uncompromising recognition of the limits to our knowledge, while drawing at times on aspects of French structuralism. This book is likely to become the definitive reference on its subject, while also informing and provoking the future work of others. Sparta was admitted by Greeks generally, even by its Athenian enemies, to be the School of Hellas. Ducat's work is thus a major contribution to our understanding of Greek ideas, and indeed to the history of education. |
| education in ancient sparta: The Gymnasium of Virtue , 1995 |
| education in ancient sparta: The Spartans Paul Cartledge, 2003-05-26 “Remarkable . . . [The author’s] crystalline prose, his vivacious storytelling and his lucid historical insights combine here to provide a first-rate history.” —Publishers Weekly Sparta has often been described as the original Utopia—a remarkably evolved society whose warrior heroes were forbidden any other trade, profession, or business. As a people, the Spartans were the living exemplars of such core values as duty, discipline, the nobility of arms in a cause worth dying for, sacrificing the individual for the greater good of the community (illustrated by their role in the battle of Thermopylae), and the triumph over seemingly insuperable obstacles—qualities often believed today to signify the ultimate heroism. In this book, distinguished scholar and historian Paul Cartledge, long considered the leading international authority on ancient Sparta, traces the evolution of Spartan society—the culture and the people as well as the tremendous influence they had on their world and even ours. He details the lives of such illustrious and myth-making figures as Lycurgus, King Leonidas, Helen of Troy (and Sparta), and Lysander, and explains how the Spartans, while placing a high value on masculine ideals, nevertheless allowed women an unusually dominant and powerful role—unlike Athenian culture, with which the Spartans are so often compared. In resurrecting this culture and society, Cartledge delves into ancient texts and archeological sources and includes illustrations depicting original Spartan artifacts and drawings, as well as examples of representational paintings from the Renaissance onward—including J.L. David’s famously brooding Leonidas. “A pleasure for anyone interested in the ancient world.” —Kirkus Reviews “[An] engaging narrative . . . In his panorama of the real Sparta, Cartledge cloaks his erudition with an ease and enthusiasm that will excite readers from page one.” —Booklist “Our greatest living expert on Sparta.” —Tom Holland, prize-winning author of Rubicon: The Last Years of the Roman Republic |
| education in ancient sparta: Spartan Women Sarah B. Pomeroy, 2002-07-11 This is the first book-length examination of Spartan women, covering over a thousand years in the history of women from both the elite and lower classes. Classicist Sarah B. Pomeroy comprehensively analyzes ancient texts and archaeological evidence to construct the world of these elusive though much noticed females. Sparta has always posed a challenge to ancient historians because information about the society is relatively scarce. Most existing scholarship on Sparta concerns the military history of the city and its heavily male-dominated social structure--almost as if there were no women in Sparta. Yet perhaps the most famous of mythic Greek women, Menelaus' wife Helen, the cause of the Trojan War, was herself a Spartan. Written by one of the leading authorities on women in antiquity, Spartan Women reconstructs the lives and the world of Sparta's women, including how their status changed over time and how they held on to their surprising autonomy. Proceeding through the archaic, classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods, Spartan Women includes discussions of education, family life, reproduction, religion, and athletics. |
| education in ancient sparta: Leonidas of Sparta Helena P. Schrader, 2010 The smaller of twins, born long after two elder brothers, Leonidas was considered an afterthought from birth -- even by his mother. Lucky not to be killed for being undersized, he was not raised as a prince like his eldest brother, Cleomenes, who was heir to the throne, but instead had to endure the harsh upbringing of ordinary Spartan youth. Barefoot, always a little hungry, and subject to harsh discipline, Leonidas had to prove himself worthy of Spartan citizenship. Struggling to survive without disgrace, he never expected that one day he would be king or chosen to command the combined Greek forces fighting a Persian invasion. But these were formative years that would one day make him the most famous Spartan of them all: the hero of Thermopylae. This is the first book in a trilogy of biographical novels about Leonidas of Sparta. This first book describes his childhood in the infamous Spartan agoge. The second will focus on his years as an ordinary citizen, and the third will describe his reign and death. About the Author Helena P. Schrader holds a PhD in history from the University of Hamburg, which she earned with her groundbreaking biography of General Friedrich Olbricht, the mastermind behind the Valkyrie plot against Hitler. She has published four nonfiction works on modern history and has been published in academic journals including Sparta: Journal of Ancient Spartan and Greek History. Helena has done extensive research on ancient and archaic Sparta. She has combined her research with common sense and a deep understanding of human nature to create a refreshingly unorthodox portrayal of Spartan society in this biographical trilogy of Leonidas, as well as in her three previously published novels, The Olympic Charioteer, Are They Singing in Sparta? and Spartan Slave, Spartan Queen. Visit her website at www.helena-schrader.com or learn more about Sparta from her website Sparta Reconsidered at www.elysiumgates.com/ helena. |
| education in ancient sparta: A Companion to Sparta Anton Powell, 2018 Features in-depth coverage of Spartan history and culture |
| education in ancient sparta: Market Education Andrew J. Coulson, In Market Education: The Unknown History, Andrew J. Coulson explores the educational problems facing parents and shows how these problems can best be addressed. He begins with a discussion of what people want from their school systems, tracing their views of the kinds of knowledge, skills, and values education should impart, and their concerns about discipline, drugs, and violence in schools. Using this survey of goals and attitudes as a guide, Coulson sets out to compare the school systems of civilizations both ancient and modern, seeking to determine which systems achieved the aims of parents and the public at large and which did not. Drawing on the historical evidence of how these various systems operated, Coulson concludes that free educational markets have consistently done a better job of serving the public's needs than state-run school systems have. |
| education in ancient sparta: Sparta's German Children Helen Roche, 2013 The use by the Nazi regime of idealised images of ancient Sparta is increasingly recognised as an important element of the Third Reich. This work explores the historical roots and the personal effects of these ideals. |
| education in ancient sparta: Schools Of Hellas An Essay On The Practice And Theory Of Ancient Greek Education From 600 To 300 B C Kenneth J Freeman, M J Rendall, 2023-07-18 Kenneth J. Freeman and M.J. Rendall's seminal study of ancient Greek education is a landmark work of classical scholarship. Drawing on a wide range of sources, the authors provide a comprehensive and authoritative analysis of the educational practices and theories of the ancient Greeks, from the Homeric period to the end of the classical era. Essential reading for anyone interested in classical education or the history of ideas. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| education in ancient sparta: Spartans Nigel M. Kennell, 2011-09-19 Spartans: A New History chronicles the complete history of ancient Sparta from its origins to the end of antiquity. Helps bridge the gap between the common conceptions of Sparta and what specialists believe and dispute about Spartan history Applies new techniques, perspectives, and archaeological evidence to the question of what it was to be a Spartan Takes into account new specialist scholarship and research published in Greek, which is not readily available elsewhere Places Spartan society into its wider Greek context |
| education in ancient sparta: Spartan Reflections Paul Cartledge, 2003-07-17 This is a book that scholars will read with pleasure, and a book from which advanced undergraduates and graduates will gain a sense of what Sparta was like as a culture, and (just as important) the nature and state of play of contemporary Spartan studies. And it will be accessible for the well informed lay reader as well.—Josiah Ober, author of Political Dissent in Democratic Athens Paul Cartledge's aim, in this powerful collection of essays, is to shed light in dark places, to demythicize... Cartledge is shrewd, realistic, and far from starry-eyed. Over a quarter-century's exhaustive research, now updated, has gone into these densely documented and tightly argued essays. These Spartans, in the last resort, are exploitative slave-drivers, obsessed with keeping their serfs down (by annually killing off any resisters, among other things)... Modern idealizers of cold baths, black broth, mindless discipline and long route marches should read this book and, hopefully, have second thoughts.—Peter Green, author of Alexander to Actium |
| education in ancient sparta: Sparta Stephen Hodkinson, Anton Powell, 2009-12-31 The history of Sparta is increasingly seen as important, not only for its own sake but also for understanding Athenian literature and the political history of numerous Greek states. Traditional approaches to Sparta are now being supplemented by contributions from archaeology and the social sciences. The renewed interest in Sparta is international. The volume includes, for the first time, original contributions from most of the world's leading authorities on Spartan history. |
| education in ancient sparta: Sparta Stephen Hodkinson, 2009-12-31 Both in antiquity and in modern scholarship, classical Sparta has typically been viewed as an exceptional society, different in many respects from other Greek city-states. This view has recently come under challenge from revisionist historians, led by Stephen Hodkinson. This is the first book devoted explicitly to this lively historical controversy. Historians from Britain, Europe and the USA present different sides of the argument, using a variety of comparative approaches. The focus includes kingship and hegemonic structures, education and commensality, religious institutions and practice, helotage and ethnography. The volume concludes with a wide-ranging debate between Hodkinson and Mogens Herman Hansen (Director of the Copenhagen Polis Centre), on the overall question of whether Sparta was a normal or an exceptional polis. |
| education in ancient sparta: The Spartans Paul Cartledge, 2003-05-26 Traces the history of the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta, describes its distinctive military society and the unusual freedom of Spartan women, and discusses the influence which its culture has had on later civilizations. |
| education in ancient sparta: The Spartan Regime Paul Anthony Rahe, 2016-09-27 “[A] monumental history . . . explaining . . . how Sparta’s early strategic role in the Greek world was inseparable from the uniqueness of its origins and values.” (David Hanson, The Hoover Institution, author of The Other Greeks) For centuries, ancient Sparta has been glorified in song, fiction, and popular art. Yet the true nature of a civilization described as a combination of democracy and oligarchy by Aristotle, considered an ideal of liberty in the ages of Machiavelli and Rousseau, and viewed as a forerunner of the modern totalitarian state by many twentieth-century scholars has long remained a mystery. In a bold new approach to historical study, noted historian Paul Rahe attempts to unravel the Spartan riddle by deploying the regime-oriented political science of the ancient Greeks, pioneered by Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato, Xenophon, and Polybius, in order to provide a more coherent picture of government, art, culture, and daily life in Lacedaemon than has previously appeared in print, and to explore the grand strategy the Spartans devised before the arrival of the Persians in the Aegean. “Persuasive.” —Thomas E. Ricks, New York Times Book Review “Rahe thinks and writes big. . . . The Spartan Regime breaks important new ground.” —Jacob Howland, Commentary “An important new history. . . . The story of this ancient clash of civilizations, masterfully told by Paul Rahe . . . provides a timely reminder about strategic challenges and choices confronting the United States.” —John Maurer, Claremont Review of Books “Rahe’s ability to reveal the human side beneath [an] austere exterior is one of many reasons to read this beautifully written, meticulously researched, and deeply engaging book.” —Waller R. Newell, Washington Free Beacon “A serious scholarly endeavor.” —Eric W. Robinson, American Historical Review |
| education in ancient sparta: The Culture of Sparta Vic Kovacs, 2016-07-15 Ancient Sparta is a city-state known for its military conquests and successes. This text introduces readers to the culture of Sparta, which helped turn the ancient civilization into a mighty war machine. Readers learn about life in Sparta, including the importance of slaves and warriors and the roles of men and women. Written to support social studies curricula, this title also covers this civilization’s art, education, religion, and wars. Readers will be fascinated by the rise and fall of this city-state, which they’ll visualize through engaging images and illustrations. |
| education in ancient sparta: On Sparta Plutarch, 2005-05-26 Plutarch's vivid and engaging portraits of the Spartans and their customs are a major source of our knowledge about the rise and fall of this remarkable Greek city-state between the sixth and third centuries BC. Through his Lives of Sparta's leaders and his recording of memorable Spartan Sayings he depicts a people who lived frugally and mastered their emotions in all aspects of life, who also disposed of unhealthy babies in a deep chasm, introduced a gruelling regime of military training for boys, and treated their serfs brutally. Rich in anecdote and detail, Plutarch's writing brings to life the personalities and achievements of Sparta with unparalleled flair and humanity. |
| education in ancient sparta: Sparta and Lakonia Paul Cartledge, 2013-04-15 In this fully revised and updated edition of his groundbreaking study, Paul Cartledge uncovers the realities behind the potent myth of Sparta. The book explores both the city-state of Sparta and the territory of Lakonia which it unified and exploited. Combining the more traditional written sources with archaeological and environmental perspectives, its coverage extends from the apogee of Mycenaean culture, to Sparta's crucial defeat at the battle of Mantinea in 362 BC. |
| education in ancient sparta: Spartan Warrior 735–331 BC Duncan B Campbell, 2012-07-20 Immortalized through their exploits at the battle of Thermopylae under the legendary Leonidas, as well as countless other victories throughout the classical period, the Spartans were some of the best-trained, -organized and most-feared warriors of the ancient world. The small state of Sparta, known to the Ancient Greeks as Lakedaimon, developed a unique warrior society that used serfs and non-citizens to do all of the manual work, leaving the free-born men of Sparta free to concentrate all of their energies on warfare. Forbidden from engaging in any form of manual labour, these Spartan warriors were trained from an early age in a brutal regime that gave them the necessary discipline and tolerance to withstand the pressures of phalanx warfare and endure all manner of hardships on campaign. This book covers all aspects of the Spartan warrior's life, from the earliest days of his training through his life in peace and war, culminating in the battlefield experiences of these feared combatants. |
| education in ancient sparta: Sayings of the Spartans Plutarch, 2018-03 In this compilation from Plutarch's Moralia of famous sayings from over sixty Spartans we are shown that not were these ancients brave warriors in battle but had a complete philosophy of life which guided all their actions. Include all 372 footnotes. |
| education in ancient sparta: The Spartans Andrew J. Bayliss, 2020-07-10 The image of Sparta, and the Spartans, is one dyed indelibly into the public consciousness: musclebound soldiers with long hair and red cloaks, bearing shiny bronze shields emblazoned with the Greek letter lambda. 'This is Sparta!', bellows Leonidas on the silver screen, as he decides to lead his 300 warriors to their deaths at Thermopylae. But what was Sparta? The myths surrounding Sparta are as old as the city itself. Even in antiquity, Sparta was a unique society, considered an enigma. The Spartans who fought for freedom against the Persians called themselves 'equals' or peers, but their equality was reliant on the ruthless exploitation of the indigenous population known as helots. The Spartans' often bizarre rules and practices have the capacity to horrify as much they do to fascinate us today. Athenian writers were intrigued and appalled in equal measure by a society where weak or disabled babies were said to have been examined carefully by state officials before being dumped off the edge of a cliff. Even today their lurid stories have shaped our image of Sparta; a society in which cowards were forced to shave off half their beards, to dress differently from their peers, and who were ultimately shunned to the extent that suicide seemed preferable. Equally appalling to us today is the brutal krypteia, a Spartan rite of passage where teenagers were sent into the countryside armed with a knife and ordered to eliminate the biggest and most dangerous helots. But the truth behind these stories of the exotic other can be hard to discover, lost amongst the legend of Sparta which was even perpetuated by later Spartans, who ran a thriving tourist industry that exaggerated the famed brutality of their ancestors. As Andrew Bayliss explores in this book, there was also much to admire in ancient Sparta, such as the Spartans' state-run education system which catered even to girls, or the fact that Sparta was almost unparalleled in the pre-modern world in allowing women a clear voice, with no fewer than forty sayings by Spartan women preserved in our sources. This book reveals the best and the worst of the Spartans, separating myth from reality. |
| education in ancient sparta: A Companion to Ancient Education W. Martin Bloomer, 2015-09-08 A Companion to Ancient Education presents a series of essays from leading specialists in the field that represent the most up-to-date scholarship relating to the rise and spread of educational practices and theories in the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. Reflects the latest research findings and presents new historical syntheses of the rise, spread, and purposes of ancient education in ancient Greece and Rome Offers comprehensive coverage of the main periods, crises, and developments of ancient education along with historical sketches of various educational methods and the diffusion of education throughout the ancient world Covers both liberal and illiberal (non-elite) education during antiquity Addresses the material practice and material realities of education, and the primary thinkers during antiquity through to late antiquity |
| education in ancient sparta: Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece William A. Percy, 1996 Combining impeccable scholarship with accessible, straightforward prose, Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece argues that institutionalized pederasty began after 650 B.C., far later than previous authors have thought, and was initiated as a means of stemming overpopulation in the upper class. William Armstrong Percy III maintains that Cretan sages established a system under which a young warrior in his early twenties took a teenager of his own aristocratic background as a beloved until the age of thirty, when service to the state required the older partner to marry. The practice spread with significant variants to other Greek-speaking areas. In some places it emphasized development of the athletic, warrior individual, while in others both intellectual and civic achievement were its goals. In Athens it became a vehicle of cultural transmission, so that the best of each older cohort selected, loved, and trained the best of the younger. Pederasty was from the beginning both physical and emotional, the highest and most intense type of male bonding. These pederastic bonds, Percy believes, were responsible for the rise of Hellas and the Greek miracle: in two centuries the population of Attica, a mere 45,000 adult males in six generations, produced an astounding number of great men who laid the enduring foundations of Western thought and civilization. |
| education in ancient sparta: Greek and Roman Education Robin Barrow, 2011-03-31 In this volume Robin Barrow traces ancient education from the time of Homeric poems to the age of St. Augustine. Without minimising differences between educational practice of particular periods or places, the author stresses similarities and common origins and relates ancient ideas on education tour own. He uses the evidence of a wide range of ancient authors who are extensively quoted. |
| education in ancient sparta: The Oxford Handbook of the History of Education John L. Rury, Eileen H. Tamura, 2019-06-17 This handbook offers a global view of the historical development of educational institutions, systems of schooling, ideas about education, and educational experiences. Its 36 chapters consider changing scholarship in the field, examine nationally-oriented works by comparing themes and approaches, lend international perspective on a range of issues in education, and provide suggestions for further research and analysis. Like many other subfields of historical analysis, the history of education has been deeply affected by global processes of social and political change, especially since the 1960s. The handbook weighs the influence of various interpretive perspectives, including revisionist viewpoints, taking particular note of changes in the past half century. Contributors consider how schooling and other educational experiences have been shaped by the larger social and political context, and how these influences have affected the experiences of students, their families and the educators who have worked with them. The Handbook provides insight and perspective on a wide range of topics, including pre-modern education, colonialism and anti-colonial struggles, indigenous education, minority issues in education, comparative, international, and transnational education, childhood education, non-formal and informal education, and a range of other issues. Each contribution includes endnotes and a bibliography for readers interested in further study. |
| education in ancient sparta: Gymnastics of the Mind Raffaella Cribiore, 2005-02-13 This book is at once a thorough study of the educational system for the Greeks of Hellenistic and Roman Egypt, and a window to the vast panorama of educational practices in the Greco-Roman world. It describes how people learned, taught, and practiced literate skills, how schools functioned, and what the curriculum comprised. Raffaella Cribiore draws on over 400 papyri, ostraca (sherds of pottery or slices of limestone), and tablets that feature everything from exercises involving letters of the alphabet through rhetorical compositions that represented the work of advanced students. The exceptional wealth of surviving source material renders Egypt an ideal space of reference. The book makes excursions beyond Egypt as well, particularly in the Greek East, by examining the letters of the Antiochene Libanius that are concerned with education. The first part explores the conditions for teaching and learning, and the roles of teachers, parents, and students in education; the second vividly describes the progression from elementary to advanced education. Cribiore examines not only school exercises but also books and commentaries employed in education--an uncharted area of research. This allows the most comprehensive evaluation thus far of the three main stages of a liberal education, from the elementary teacher to the grammarian to the rhetorician. Also addressed, in unprecedented detail, are female education and the role of families in education. Gymnastics of the Mind will be an indispensable resource to students and scholars of the ancient world and of the history of education. |
| education in ancient sparta: Spartans: A Captivating Guide to the Fierce Warriors of Ancient Greece, Including Spartan Military Tactics, the Battle of Thermo Captivating History, 2019-03-02 If you want to discover the captivating history of Sparta, then keep reading... Sparta is one of the first names that comes to mind when we think about the ancient world. And this is for good reason. After its founding sometime in the 10th century BCE, Sparta soon rose to be one of the most powerful city-states in not only the Greek but the entire ancient world. Its unique government, which featured two kings and an elected senate, helped it achieve relative political stability early on in its history, and Spartan leaders were able to use this to expand their power and influence in the region surrounding Sparta as well as the rest of the Peloponnesian Peninsula. Perhaps the most significant achievement in all of Spartan history, though, was their defeat of the Athenians in the Peloponnesian War. This conflict, which lasted roughly 30 years, put the two greatest Greek city-states of the time, Athens and Sparta, up against one another, and the result, a Spartan victory, helped to reshape the entire ancient world. It ushered in a period of Spartan hegemony which was radically different than when the Athenians sat atop the Greek world. Unfortunately for the Spartans, though, their time spent as the leaders of the Greek world would be short-lived. Alliances were made between recent and past enemies, and these coalitions were able to overwhelm the Spartans and force them to surrender. After this, Sparta would fall in prominence, but it would continue to be important when the Romans took control of most of the Mediterranean and western Asia. Nevertheless, we should not take the fact that Sparta eventually fell from prominence as a sign that their time was not a great one. A unique appetite for collaboration helped to produce a truly unique form of government, and a keen understanding of what makes an army great helped Sparta grow from a collection of five small villages at the beginning of the last millennium BCE into a thriving Greek polis that would come to sit atop the entire Greek world. In Spartans: A Captivating Guide to the Fierce Warriors of Ancient Greece, Including Spartan Military Tactics, the Battle of Thermopylae, How Sparta Was Ruled, and More, you will discover topics such as Who Were the Spartans The Growth of Spartan Power: The Messenian Wars A Growing Rivalry with Athens: The Greco-Persian Wars Victory over Athens: The Birth of the Spartan Empire Spartan Hegemony, the Corinthian War, and Sparta's Decline Spartan Government, Military, and Society And much, much more! So if you want to learn more about the Spartans, scroll up and click the add to cart button! |
| education in ancient sparta: The History of the Peloponnesian War Thucydides, 2020-09-28 |
| education in ancient sparta: Heinrich Himmler Peter Longerich, 2012 A biography of Henrich Himmler, interweaving both his personal life and his political career as a Nazi dictator. |
| education in ancient sparta: Property and Wealth in Classical Sparta Stephen Hodkinson, 2009-12-31 The standard image of Sparta is of an egalitarian, military society which disdained material possessions. Yet property and wealth played a critical role in her history. Classical Sparta's success rested upon a compromise between rich and poor citizens. Economic differences were masked by a uniform lifestyle and a communal sharing of resources. Over time, however, increasing inequalities led to a plutocratic society and to the decline of Spartan power. Using an innovative combination of historical, archaeological and sociological methods, Stephen Hodkinson challenges traditional views of Sparta's isolation from general Greek culture. This volume is the first major monograph-length discussion of a subject on which the author is recognised as the leading international authority. |
| education in ancient sparta: A History of Sparta, 950-192 B.C. William George Grieve Forrest, 1995 This introductory history of Sparta gives readers an accessible overview of the intense and brilliant history of the great Greek city state. It covers the gradual expansion of Sparta's authority in the Peloponnese, her leadership of the Greeks against the Persians, the rivalry with Athens, her short period of complete supremacy in Greece until 371, and the collapse which followed down to the Roman conquest.--Bloomsbury Publishing. |
| education in ancient sparta: National Excellence Pat O'Connell Ross, 1993 This report on the educational needs of American gifted and talented students identifies indicators of an educational crisis, describes the current status of education for these students, and presents recommendations to meet the educational needs of these students. Indicators demonstrating the need for change include the relatively poor performance by American students on international tests and the small number of students performing at the highest levels on National Assessment of Educational Progress tests. Recent studies have shown that gifted and talented elementary school students have mastered 35-40% of the curriculum in five basic subjects before they begin the school year; most regular classroom teachers make few, if any, provisions for talented students; highest achieving students study less than an hour a day; and only 2 cents out of every $100 spent on K-12 education supports special opportunities for talented students. A review describes how gifted and talented students are currently identified, the number of students served, the kind of support available, the kind of education most gifted and talented students receive, and characteristics of effective programs for these students. Seven recommendations are offered: (1) set challenging curricular standards; (2) establish high-level learning opportunities; (3) ensure access to early childhood education; (4) increase learning opportunities for disadvantaged and minority children with outstanding talents; (5) broaden the definition of gifted (a broadened definition based on the federal Javits Gifted and Talented Education Act is offered); (6) encourage appropriate teacher training and technical assistance; and (7) match world performance. (Contains 43 references.) (DB) |
| education in ancient sparta: Sparta: Rise of a Warrior Nation Philip Matyszak, 2017-03-31 This cultural history of Ancient Sparta chronicles the rise of its legendary military power and offers revealing insight into the people behind the myths. The Spartans of ancient Greece are typically portrayed as macho heroes: noble, laconic, totally fearless, and impervious to pain. And indeed, they often lived up to this image. But life was not as simple as this image suggests. In truth, ancient Sparta was a city of contrasts. We might admire their physical toughness, but Spartans also systematically abused their children. They gave rights to female citizens that were unmatched in Europe until the modern era, meanwhile subjecting their conquered subject peoples to a murderous reign of terror. Though idealized by the Athenian contemporaries of Socrates, Sparta was almost devoid of intellectual achievement. In this revealing history of Spartan society, Philip Matyszak chronicles the rise of the city from a Peloponnesian village to the military superpower of Greece. Above all, Matyszak investigates the role of the Spartan hoplite, the archetypal Greek warrior who was feared throughout Greece in his own day and has since become a legend. The reader is shown the man behind the myth; who he was, who he thought he was, and the environment which produced him. |
| education in ancient sparta: The Grand Strategy of Classical Sparta Paul Anthony Rahe, 2015-11-24 DIV” “Powerfully illustrates . . . that this regime determined the character and limits of Sparta’s domestic and foreign policy.” (Susan D. Collins, IThe Review of Politics) More than 2500 years ago a confederation of small Greek city-states defeated the invading armies of Persia, the most powerful empire in the world. In this meticulously researched study, historian Paul Rahe argues that Sparta was responsible for the initial establishment of the Hellenic defensive coalition and was the most essential player in its ultimate victory. Drawing from an impressive range of ancient sources, including Herodotus and Plutarch, the author veers from the traditional Atheno-centric view of the Greco-Persian Wars to examine from a Spartan perspective the strategy that halted the Persian juggernaut. Rahe provides a fascinating, detailed picture of life in Sparta circa 480 B.C., revealing how the Spartans’ form of government and the regimen to which they subjected themselves instilled within them the pride, confidence, discipline, and discernment necessary to forge an alliance that would stand firm against a great empire, driven by religious fervor, that held sway over two-fifths of the human race. “[Rahe] has an excellent eye for military logistics . . . crisp and persuasive.” —The Wall Street Journal “Intensely well-researched and well-balanced.” —Steve Donoghue, The National “Masterful.” —Joseph Bottum, Books and Culture “A serious scholarly endeavor.” —Eric W. Robinson, American Historical Review “This brilliant revisionist study . . . reminds us how Sparta . . . saved Western freedom from the Persian aggression—and did so because of its innate courage, political stability, and underappreciated genius.” —Victor Davis Hanson, author of The Other Greeks “Full of keen understandings that help explain Spartan policy, diplomacy, and strategy.” —Donald Kagan, author of The Peloponnesian War /DIV |
| education in ancient sparta: Thermopylae Ernle Bradford, 2014-04-01 An account of the ancient battle between Persia and the alliance of Greek city-states, including the legendary “300 Spartans.” In 480 BCE, Persian king Xerxes led a massive invasion of Greece. A critical point in this invasion was the battle for the pass at Thermopylae—“Hot Gates” in Greek. Xerxes had amassed one of the largest armies yet known to man, while Leonidas’s troops, a group of united Spartans, Thespians, Thebans, and others, including slaves, were a small fraction of the Persian horde. Despite the overwhelming odds, Leonidas and his men stood their ground for three days in a historic display of patriotism and courage. In Thermopylae: Battle for the West, acclaimed author Ernle Bradford covers the entire era of the invasion—from the foundation of the Persian empire to the accession of Darius all the way to the final, bloody battles—in a fascinating and accessible look at warfare in ancient times. |
| education in ancient sparta: Sparta in Modern Thought Stephen Hodkinson, Ian Macgregor Morris, 2012-12-31 Images of ancient Sparta have had a major impact on Western thought. From the Renaissance to the French Revolution she was invoked by radical thinkers as a model for the creation of a republican political and social order. Since the 19th century she has typically been viewed as the opposite of advanced liberal and industrial democracies: a forerunner of 20th-century totalitarian and militaristic regimes such as the Third Reich and the Soviet Union. Yet positive images of Sparta remain embedded in contemporary popular media and culture. This is the first book in over 40 years to examine this important subject. Eleven ancient historians and experts in the history of ideas discuss Sparta's changing role in Western thought from medieval Europe to the 21st century, with a special focus on Enlightenment France, Nazi Germany and the USA. Images of ancient Sparta have had a major impact on Western thought. From the Renaissance to the French Revolution she was invoked by radical thinkers as a model for the creation of a republican political and social order. Since the 19th century she has typically been viewed as the opposite of advanced liberal and industrial democracies: a forerunner of 20th-century totalitarian and militaristic regimes such as the Third Reich and the Soviet Union. Yet positive images of Sparta remain embedded in contemporary popular media and culture. This is the first book in over 40 years to examine this important subject. Eleven ancient historians and experts in the history of ideas discuss Sparta's changing role in Western thought from medieval Europe to the 21st century, with a special focus on Enlightenment France, Nazi Germany and the USA. |
| education in ancient sparta: Philosophy as a Way of Life Pierre Hadot, 1995-08-03 This book presents a history of spiritual exercises from Socrates to early Christianity, an account of their decline in modern philosophy, and a discussion of the different conceptions of philosophy that have accompanied the trajectory and fate of the theory and practice of spiritual exercises. Hadot's book demonstrates the extent to which philosophy has been, and still is, above all else a way of seeing and of being in the world. |
| education in ancient sparta: The Spartan Army J. F. Lazenby, 2012-07-01 Reprint of a classic work of ancient military history Traces the origins of Sparta's unique training, tactics, and organization that made it the master of Greek battlefields Clear analysis of battles such as Thermopylae, Plataea, Mantinea, and Leuktra Spartan warriors continue to influence modern militaries, including the U.S. Marine Corps |
| education in ancient sparta: The Spartans Nick Sekunda, Nicholas Sekunda, 1999-10 This book is available in North America ONLY. If you live elsewhere in the world and would like to read this book, please see Elite 66: The Spartans. This book is identical in content and price only the cover differs. Although Sparta's early history is not clear, by the end of the 8th century most of the other cities of Lakedaimon had been reduced to subject status. The Lakedaimonians were the only full time army in ancient Greece and were thus truly an elite force. The institutions of the state and the system of education were organised with a view to creating superbly trained soldiers. Nick Sekunda examines this unique military machine in this book describing the organisational systems of the Spartan army through the Hellenistic period, how they were trained, the battles they fought, and the society that produced them. |
Youth Agoge- Education, in Ancient Sparta - Sumerianz
education in Sparta is compulsory, homogeneous and equable for all, boys and girls. Education ranged from about the age of 7 to 18 years. The young people lived mostly together a …
Sparta, Athens, and the Surprising Roots of Common Schooling
When Plato and Aristotle advocated common schooling in antiquity, they referred regularly to Sparta. They may have been critical of some aspects of Spartan education, but each conceded …
A FINE INTRODUCTION TO ANCIENT EDUCATION - JSTOR
The book has three parts: The Practice of Education, The Theory of Education, and a short Concluding Essay. The first chapter describes education in Sparta and Crete; the remain ing …
Education in the Ancient Greek Civilization—Lessons from the …
Except Sparta, over all, the formal mood of education in ancient Greek, especially in Athens, was primarily meant for males and restricted for slaves (Downey, 1957). This is evident from the …
EDUCATION IN ANCIENT SPARTA - 3girakleiou.gr
•The goal of education in Sparta, an authoritarian, military city-state, was to produce soldier-citizens who were a well-drilled, well-disciplined marching army. •Spartans believed in a life of …
What Was The Education Like In Sparta - dev.whowhatwhy.org
Understanding the education system of Sparta is crucial to comprehending the unique societal structure and military prowess of this ancient civilization. This article explores the Spartan …
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL EDUCATION TOPIC: PHYSICAL …
Sparta, on the other hand, was a prominent city-state in Greece that rose to become the dominant military land-power in the region. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN …
What Was The Education Like In Sparta - mdghs.com
Meta Description: Delve into the rigorous and unique Spartan education system, the Agoge, exploring its curriculum, impact on society, and surprising relevance today. Discover how its …
Education in Ancient Greece - orchardsjunior.school
In Sparta, reading and writing was unimportant. Boys learned to be good fighters. In Athens citizens had to be educated to take part in voting in the Assembly. Athenian boys also went to …
Name Mod Ms. Pojer Euro. Civ. HGHS Ancient Sparta
SPARTAN EDUCATION: Successful completion of the public system of up-bringing, the agoge, was a prerequisite for Spartan citizenship. Public education was provided for girls as well as …
How Does A Spartan Education Differ From Other Education …
to the study of education in ancient Sparta, covering the period from the sixth century B.C. to the fourth century A.D. Nigel Kennell refutes the popular notion that classical Spartan education …
Character, knowledge and skills in ancient Greek education
In this paper we search for illumination in the approaches to education that Athens and Sparta adopted in the peak of their power. Our findings indicate that both city-states con-fronted their …
Innovative Teaching Approach of Ancient Sparta in a Greek
This is a qualitative research that focuses on the design, the application and the evaluation of an innovative educational material about the ancient Sparta for A’ Gymnasium students (7th …
The Enigma of the Spartan Woman - Portland State University
Sparta’s take on education was different than any of its contemporaries’, particularly Athens. Sarah B. Pomeroy’s book, Spartan Women , comprehensively details this. Sparta was the only …
N. M. KENNELL: The Gymnasium of Virtue. Education and …
For K., the earliest centralized mode of Spartan education was ancestral to the agoge of Sphaerus and of Roman Sparta only in a temporal not in any genetic sense.
Reflections of Antiquity in the Greek Education of the 20th …
Ancient Sparta put a great emphasis on education in order to maintain its supremacy, which was entirely based on military strength. Ancient Sparta was the first state in antiquity that was …
THE SAME YET DIFFERENT - University of Tennessee system
The two rivals of ancient Greece that made the most noise and gave us the most traditions were Athens and Sparta. They were close together on a map, yet far apart in what they valued and …
History of Sparta - University of Florida
Sparta is a town and municipality in Laconia. It is located at the site of ancient Sparta and in the Evrotas River valley. The municipality was merged with six nearby towns in 2011. It had a total …
Comparative Essay Years 10 to 12: The value of physical …
ancient cultures are of particular importance to development of physical education. The Athenians, the Spartans and the Romans each had distinct beliefs about the mind, body and …
p a r ta - lutherhistory9.files.wordpress.com
Sparta’s main rival in Greece was Athens. Like Sparta, Athens had been a leader in the Persian Wars and had a powerful army. But life in Athens was very different from life in Sparta. In …
p a r ta - lutherhistory9.files.wordpress.com
Greece were Sparta and Athens. Sparta, likethe first city mentioned ... on the mind. However, both city-states had military strength, and they both played important roles in the defense of …
What Was The Education Like In Sparta - dev.whowhatwhy.org
Education in the Ancient Greek Civilization Lessons from Except Sparta over all the ... Youth Agoge Education in Ancient Sparta Sumerianz Sparta Moreover education was a product for …
Historical Development of Sports and Sports Education in …
Education in Ancient Greek AysunAynurYılmaz* Abstract The civilized society and social structure that gave its earliest examples in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and India, have led to signifcant …
Similarities And Differences Between Sparta And Athens ; …
Comprehensive Guide! WEBSep 25, 2024 · Discover the differences and similarities between Athens and Sparta, two influential city-states in Ancient Greece. Explore their government …
A Companion to Ancient Education - Cristo Raul
PART V Theories and Themes of Education 279 18 The Persistence of Ancient Education 281 Robin Barrow 19 The Education of Women in Ancient Rome 292 Emily A. Hemelrijk 20 The …
Athletics and Social Order in Sparta in the Classical Period
6. Sparta was of course not a completely static society during the Classical period, and any analysis that is to any degree synchronic risks producing distortions because of the use of …
History and Philosophy of Physical Education and Sport
Sparta 28 Athens 30 Ancient Greece: Sporting Festivals 31 Ancient Greece: The Role of Dance in Physical Education 33 ... Ancient Rome: Physical Education and Physical Culture 36 Galen 38 …
What Are Some Differences Between Athens And Sparta
What Are Some Differences Between Athens And Sparta Democracy, Justice, and Equality in Ancient GreeceWar, Democracy and Culture in Classical AthensLeonidas of SpartaThe ...
EDUCATION IN ANCIENT SPARTA - 3girakleiou.gr
EDUCATION IN ANCIENT SPARTA ANNA KOUKI KALLIOPI KOKOLAKI MARIA MANIOROU. SPARTAN BABIES •When babies were born in Sparta, Spartan soldiers would come by the …
Social and Political Roles of Women in Athens and Sparta
ancient and classical age. Spartan Women The women of Sparta enjoyed more freedom than women from other Greek city-states. Ancient Women’s historian Sarah Pomeroy writes in her …
Athletics and Social Order in Sparta in the Classical Period
6. Sparta was of course not a completely static society during the Classical period, and any analysis that is to any degree synchronic risks producing distortions because of the use of …
Athens vs. Sparta Argument-Based Project Venn Diagrams
Athens vs. Sparta – Venn Diagrams Page 1 Athens vs. Sparta Argument-Based Project Venn Diagrams The debatable issue for this project is: Which city-state, Athens or Sparta, presents …
Education in Classical Greece - JSTOR
Classics in Education, no. 39 Edited by James L. Jarrett New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Reviewed by Richard Johnson, Australian National University All the universal …
How Does A Spartan Education Differ From Other Education …
to the study of education in ancient Sparta, covering the period from the sixth century B.C. to the fourth century A.D. Nigel Kennell refutes the popular notion that classical Spartan education …
Spartan Literacy Revisited - JSTOR
millender:Spartan Literacy Revisited 125 was a post-Lycurgan accretion.13According to Aristotle, the early fourth-century general Thibron likewise praised Lycurgus and the Spartan …
What Are Similarities Between Sparta And
education was a conservative amalgam of primitive customs not found elsewhere in greece he argues instead that later political and cultural movements made the system appear to be more …
Athens vs. Sparta Argument-Based Project Venn Diagrams
Athens vs. Sparta – Venn Diagrams Page 1 Athens vs. Sparta Argument-Based Project Venn Diagrams The debatable issue for this project is: Which city-state, Athens or Sparta, presents …
CK 2 TH HG P109 241 - coreknowledge.org
as different from Sparta as it could be. While Sparta was ruled by a few, Athens was the birthplace of democracy. While Sparta kept its people at home, Athenians traveled and traded …
Literate Education in Classical Athens - JSTOR
education invites comparison with the present day, while those planning the future of education rarely fail to invoke the past. The place of Classical Athens in European culture has ensured a …
Sparta: History, State and Society Richly illustrated with
Richly illustrated with citations from ancient authors, the book Sparta introduces the Sparta: History, State and Society ... education, lifestyle and, naturally, the organization of the Spartan …
Teaching Idea Athens: The Beginnings of Democracy - Core …
as different from Sparta as it could be. While Sparta was ruled by a few, Athens was the birthplace of democracy. While Sparta kept its people at home, Athenians traveled and traded …
G r e e c e T h e Spa r t a n s : Fi e r c e Fi gh t e r s of An c i e …
In 371 B.C., Sparta suffered a catastrophic defeat at the hands of the Thebans at the Battle of Leuctra. The following year, the Thebans invaded Spartan territory and freed the Helots. …
Culture & Everyday Life in Sparta
idealization of Sparta in Greek antiquity, that is, the distorted or entirely imaginary literary tradition about ancient Sparta – what Sparta was, what it had achieved, what it stood for. This false …
A History of Education for Citizenship
The history of citizenship education from ancient Greece to the contemporary world contains rich food for thinking about these and other, perhaps less fundamental questions. To be personal: …
Roles of Mothers in Classical Sparta - journals.calstate.edu
classical Sparta, particularly investigating how Sparta's unique martial social composition shaped the roles and values of women. The women of ancient 2Sparta achieved an unparalleled level …
Spartan Military Dominance: Helot Suppression and the …
Spartan Military Dominance 4 for Sparta to mandate military training for children to ensure the strength of the society.4 Spartan children, through the utilization of artificial selection and the …
ANCIENT HISTORY - TSFX
Sparta is unheard of, this is known to us due to the writings of Greek men of other city-states, including Xenophon, Aristotle and Plutarch. From early childhood, Spartan women were …
AN OVERVIEW OF THE TRENDS IN THE PROCESS OF …
Rima International Journal of Education (RIJE) 34 In ancient Sparta education was not individualistic but socialistic. Each man was born not for himself, but for the state. The state …
World History - Mr. Tredinnick's Class Site
Oct 5, 2014 · Sparta `In ancient Greece Sparta was an independent city and was a great rival of one most popular Greek city Athens. The city of Sparta was located in the Peloponnesus …
Life In Ancient Greece - Travelling across time
Name: _____ Life in Ancient Greece 4 COMPARING ATHENS AND SPARTA In the table below are statements about life in ancient Greece. Answer yes or no for each statement in relation to …
Athens and Sparta - Niagara Falls City School District
Athens and Sparta were both city states in ancient Greece. They were similar in their forms of government, in that both cities had an Assembly whose members were elected by the people. …
THE CLASSICAL JOURNAL - JSTOR
tive work on ancient education which exploits the evidence thoroughly enough to satisfy modern interests and curiosi-ties. One reason for this may be that the subject of ancient education, as …
Innovative Teaching Approach of Ancient Sparta in a Greek
ancient Sparta is possible to achieve the defined objectives of teaching. 4. The teaching material about ancient Sparta positively affects the interest and students' performance. 3. Methodology …
Sparta and Athens - 6th Grade Social Studies
WH6.4.2 Trace the transition from tyranny and oligarchy to early democratic forms of government and back to dictatorship in ancient Greece, including the significance of the invention of the …
Warm-Up Athens and Sparta - Edgenuity Inc.
D. a farm worker of ancient Sparta, who had few rights or freedoms E. a group of buildings used to house soldiers F. a race of 26.3 miles _____ patron _____ citizen _____ logic ... Athenian …
The social structure of the Spartan City-State: A game …
The unique demographics of Sparta—specifically, the ever-present threat of internal revolt— justified its paranoia-like focus on militarization. Sparta’s society was categorized into …
Ancient Sparta: A Military Powerhouse - thegreatcultures.com
Ancient Sparta, located in the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula, was one of the most prominent and unique city-states of ancient Greece. Although often overshadowed by its …
Greece 1 TEST - Mastery Connect
Education Military education; physical fitness Government Women Full political rights; can vote Education Well-rounded education in many ... Which statement BEST describes the women in …
Spartan and social Plutarch's Laconian - JSTOR
Plutarch'sLaconianapophthegms 37 presentaconsistentimageofSpartanvaloroverseveralcenturies.Weshouldsee ...
A Place for Sparta in Athens: A Philosophy of Athletics in …
A Place for Sparta in Athens: A Philosophy of Athletics in Classical Education Preliminaries Although ancient Greece is known both for philosophy and Olympic sports, this does not mean …
Modern Leonidas: Spartan Military Culture in a Modern …
Sparta and "Spartan" to refer to all others. I will also label Sparta as a . polis, or city-state for the purposes of this paper, as I explain below. Current debates on this term and if it can be …
EDF 101: HISTORY OF EDUCATION - ntilibraryrepository.com
Unit 2: Education in Sparta 6 – 9 Unit 3: Education in Athens 10 – 14 Unit 4: Education in Sparta and Athens compared 15 - 18 MODULE ONE: EDUCATION IN THE CLASSICAL ERA …
Sparta and Athens - 6th Grade Social Studies
The Ancient Greeks netw rks Terms to Know tyrant an absolute ruler unrestrained by law oligarchy a government in which a small group has control democracy a government by the …
Character, knowledge and skills in ancient Greek education
2. The challenges that ancient Athens and Sparta faced The size of city-states in ancient Greece was small. Generally, they covered an area not exceeding the limits of a contemporary …
The Ancient Greeks Lesson 1 Rise of Greek Civilization
Sparta Knossos Troy GREECE Crete ASIA MINOR MACEDONIA Mt. Olympus Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection 0 100 km 0 100 miles N S W E KEY Ancient Greece DOPW …
A Comparison of Spartan Helotry and Ancient Near-Eastern …
whole, which is referred to as the Ancient Near East. For more information explaining the Ancient Near East and the regions included within it refer to William H. Stiebing Jr, Ancient Near …
Athens & Sparta - University of the People
The site of ancient Sparta. Few ancient remains of Sparta exist. 1 Poleis is the plural form. The singular form is polis. 2 ... Spartan Education System Training for a lifelong career as a soldier …
Supplementary Paper: The Education and Training of Slaves …
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Historical Attributes, Fundamental Substance, and …
For example, in ancient Greece, physical education was considered essential for the development of strong and virtuous citizens. In the Middle Ages, physical education was often neglected, as …
The Curse of 300? Popular Culture and Teaching the Spartans
Sparta options at AS and A Level OCR AS Level Ancient History, Unit AH1 Greek History from Original Sources, Option 3 (of three): Politics and Society of Ancient Sparta. OCR A Level …
