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| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The Secular Enlightenment Margaret Jacob, 2021-04-20 Provides a panoramic account of the radical ways that life began to change for ordinary people in the age of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau. In this book, familiar Enlightenment figures share places with voices that have remained largely unheard until now, from freethinkers and freemasons to French materialists, anticlerical Catholics, pantheists, pornographers, readers, and travelers. Jacob reveals how this newly secular outlook was not a wholesale rejection of Christianity but rather a new mental space in which to encounter the world on its own terms. She takes readers from London and Amsterdam to Berlin, Vienna, Turin, and Naples, drawing on rare archival materials to show how ideas central to the emergence of secular democracy touched all facets of daily life. Jacob demonstrates how secular values and pursuits took hold of eighteenth-century Europe, spilled into the American colonies, and left their lasting imprint on the Western world for generations to come. --Adapted from publisher description. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The Limits of Reform in the Enlightenment Harvey Chisick, 2014-07-14 Examining the attitudes toward the education of the lower classes in eighteenth- century France, Harvey Chisick uncovers severe limitations to enlightened social thought. Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Foundations of Education for Free India Prem Kirpal, Reba Shome, 1990 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The History of American Higher Education Roger L. Geiger, 2016-09-06 This book tells the compelling saga of American higher education from the founding of Harvard College in 1636 to the outbreak of World War II. The author traces how colleges and universities were shaped by the shifting influences of culture, the emergence of new career opportunities, and the unrelenting advancement of knowledge. He describes how colonial colleges developed a unified yet diverse educational tradition capable of weathering the social upheaval of the Revolution as well as the evangelical fervor of the Second Great Awakening. He shows how the character of college education in different regions diverged significantly in the years leading up to the Civil War - for example, the state universities of the antebellum South were dominated by the sons of planters and their culture - and how higher education was later revolutionized by the land-grant movement, the growth of academic professionalism, and the transformation of campus life by students. By the beginning of the Second World War, the standard American university had taken shape, setting the stage for the postwar education boom. The author moves through each era, exploring the growth of higher education. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The Oxford Handbook of Christianity and Law John Witte, Jr., Rafael Domingo, 2023 This volume tells the story of the interaction between Christianity and law-historically and today, in the traditional heartlands of Christianity and around the globe. Sixty new chapters by leading scholars provide authoritative and accessible accounts of foundational Christian teachings on law and legal thought over the past two millennia; the current interaction and contestation of law and Christianity on all continents; how Christianity shaped and was shaped by core public, private, penal, and procedural laws; various old and new forms of Christian canon law, natural law theory, and religious freedom norms; Christian teachings on fundamental principles of law and legal order; and Christian contributions to controversial legal issues. Together, the chapters make clear that Christianity and law have had a perennial and permanent influence on each other over time and across cultures, albeit with varying levels of intensity and effectiveness. This volume defines Christianity broadly to include Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox traditions and various denominations and schools of thought within them. It draws on Christian ideas and institutions, norms and practices, texts and titans to tell the story of Christianity's engagement with the world of law over the past two millennia. The volume also defines law broadly as the normative order of justice, power, and freedom. The chapters address natural laws of conscience, reason, and the Bible and positive laws enacted by states, churches, and voluntary associations. Several chapters focus on Christian engagement with specific types of law: canon law, family law, education law, constitutional law, criminal law, procedural law, and laws governing labor, tax, contracts, torts, property, and beyond. Other chapters take up cutting edge legal issues of racial justice, environmental care, migration, euthanasia, and (bio)technology as well as fundamental legal principles of liberty, dignity, equality, justice, equity, judgment, and solidarity. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Sources of Japanese Tradition Wm. Theodore de Bary, Carol Gluck, Donald Keene, 2005-06-19 In both the literal and metaphorical senses, it seemed as if 1970s America was running out of gas. The decade not only witnessed long lines at gas stations but a citizenry that had grown weary and disillusioned. High unemployment, runaway inflation, and the energy crisis, caused in part by U.S. dependence on Arab oil, characterized an increasingly bleak economic situation. As Edward D. Berkowitz demonstrates, the end of the postwar economic boom, Watergate, and defeat in Vietnam led to an unraveling of the national consensus. During the decade, ideas about the United States, how it should be governed, and how its economy should be managed changed dramatically. Berkowitz argues that the postwar faith in sweeping social programs and a global U.S. mission was replaced by a more skeptical attitude about government's ability to positively affect society. From Woody Allen to Watergate, from the decline of the steel industry to the rise of Bill Gates, and from Saturday Night Fever to the Sunday morning fervor of evangelical preachers, Berkowitz captures the history, tone, and spirit of the seventies. He explores the decade's major political events and movements, including the rise and fall of détente, congressional reform, changes in healthcare policies, and the hostage crisis in Iran. The seventies also gave birth to several social movements and the rights revolution, in which women, gays and lesbians, and people with disabilities all successfully fought for greater legal and social recognition. At the same time, reaction to these social movements as well as the issue of abortion introduced a new facet into American political life-the rise of powerful, politically conservative religious organizations and activists. Berkowitz also considers important shifts in American popular culture, recounting the creative renaissance in American film as well as the birth of the Hollywood blockbuster. He discusses how television programs such as All in the Family and Charlie's Angels offered Americans both a reflection of and an escape from the problems gripping the country. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Gender in World History Peter N. Stearns, 2015-03-02 Covering societies from classical times to the twenty-first century, Gender in World History is a fascinating exploration of what happens to established ideas about men, women, and gender roles when different cultural systems come into contact. The book breaks new ground to facilitate a consistent approach to gender in a world history context. Now in its third edition, the book has been thoroughly updated, including: expanded treatment of Africa under Islamic influence expanded discussion of southeast Asia a new chapter on contemporary Latin America representations of individual women engagement with recent work on gender history and theory. With truly global coverage, this book enables students to understand how gender roles have varied across the world and over time, and the vital role of gender in structuring social and political relationships. Providing a succinct, current overview of the history of gender throughout the world, Gender in World History remains essential reading for students of world history. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: A Concise History of Veterinary Medicine Susan D. Jones, Peter A. Koolmees, 2022-08-25 The first concise global history of veterinary medicine and animal healing, covering the past 400 years. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Sources of Japanese Tradition, Abridged Wm. Theodore De Bary, Carol Gluck, Arthur Tiedemann, 2006-10-03 For almost fifty years, Sources of Japanese Tradition has been the single most valuable collection of English-language readings on Japan. Unrivalled in its wide selection of source materials on history, society, politics, education, philosophy, and religion, the two-volume textbook is a crucial resource for students, scholars, and readers seeking an introduction to Japanese civilization. Originally published in a single hardcover book, Volume 2 is now available as an abridged, two-part paperback. Part 1 covers the Tokugawa period to 1868, including texts that address the spread of neo-Confucianism and Buddhism and the initial encounters of Japan and the West. Part 2 begins with the Meiji period and ends at the new millennium, shedding light on such major movements as the Enlightenment, constitutionalism, nationalism, socialism, and feminism, and the impact of the postwar occupation. Commentary by major scholars and comprehensive bibliographies and indexes are included. Together, these readings map out the development of modern Japanese civilization and illuminate the thought and teachings of its intellectual, political, and religious leaders. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Collections Vol 14 N3 Juilee Decker, Collections, 2019-02-05 This issue of the journal and its sister (14.04) brings together sixteen contributions from scholars from a variety of perspectives around the topic of Women & Collections. The articles present the work of independent scholars, researchers, and practitioners as well as those situated in academy and collecting institutions. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The Science of Happiness Ryuho Okawa, 2009-07-24 Reveals the 10 essential principles that can serve as a compass for a spiritual life • Presents the foundational teachings of the Happy Science spiritual movement (more than 10 million members worldwide) • Offers revelations from past spiritual leaders, including Jesus, Buddha, and Moses • Includes information on the ancient continents of Mu and Atlantis and the structure of the spirit world In 1981 Ryuho Okawa began receiving revelations from the spirits of Nikko (1246-1333) and Nichirien (1222-1282), who had been outstanding Buddhist teachers during their lives. Soon he began receiving revelations from Buddha, Jesus Christ, Moses, and Confucius as well as spiritual messages from prominent figures such as Socrates, Isaac Newton, Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Gandhi, Helen Keller, and Florence Nightingale. In 1985 he began publishing some of these revelations in Japan. A year later he established the spiritual movement Happy Science (Kofuku-no-Kagaku) to help people discover their true potential, to educate them to think and act in a spiritual way, and to help create an ideal world on Earth. The Science of Happiness presents Master Okawa’s 10 essential principles that can serve as a compass for a spiritual life: Happiness, Love, the Mind, Enlightenment, Progress, Wisdom, Utopia, Salvation, Reflection, and Prayer. Master Okawa shows how following these principles can bring happiness and spiritual growth not only to ourselves but to all those around us. He provides the tools necessary to transform one’s inner world to be receptive to true happiness and enlightenment--and to find one’s true purpose in life. He also reveals other extraordinary spiritual truths, such as the secrets of the ancient continents of Mu and Atlantis and the structure of the spirit world. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Lippincott's Magazine of Literature, Science and Education , 1870 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Peasants with Promise Stella Hryniuk, 1991-06-30 A socio-cultural history of a region of Eastern Galicia in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: St Petersburg Arthur George, 2024-11-14 From its 1703 foundation by Peter the Great in a swampy war zone to its leading role in overthrowing Soviet power and bringing Russia into the twenty-first century, St Petersburg has undergone several transformations. Virtually commanded into existence by Peter the Great, the inherent artifice of St Petersburg has made it one of the world's most storied cities – the stage for political and artistic dreamers. As such, it had a leading role in nineteenth-century cultural life, but with the Russian Revolution of 1917 its glorious history descended into violence and bloodshed. During the Second World War, Leningrad suffered further atrocities in the form of a horrific Nazi siege. Yet it has remained rich in cultural, intellectual and architectural history. It has been home to greats such as Dostoevsky, Tchaikovsky and Nijinsky – figures who were gifted with great creativity and passion, and who were often dissatisfied with Russian traditions. These characters are explored by the author, together with the beguiling physical appearance of the city – canals, bridges, promenades and palaces – but the most lively writing hones in on the interplay between power and intellect, reaction and reform. Arthur George brings to life a St Petersburg steeped in a tumult of war, revolution and aesthetics, and shows it rising from the ashes to help lead Russia on the path to modernisation. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: EW Companions:Religions Philip Wilkinson, 2008-08-04 Everything you want to know about the world’s religions: from beliefs and ceremonies to gods and sacred texts From Hinduism to Zoroastrianism take an in-depth look at all the major global religions, past and present. Discover how each religion started, exploring their origins and history, from the moment of its founding to its spread across the world today. Find out all about the Gods and prophets from a comprehensive who’s who profiling deities and holy figures of each faith. Plus learn about the religious practices and traditions of each belief system, from day-to-day devotions to key events in the religious calendar. An exciting addition to Eyewitness Companions; the visual reference series covering favourite hobbies and pastimes from Whisky and Opera to Horse Riding. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The Sword and the trowel; ed. by C.H. Spurgeon London metrop. tabernacle, 1870 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: A Setting For Excellence Frederick W. Mayer, 2015-07-15 An important contribution to understanding the evolution of the American university |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Nietzsche on the Decadence and Flourishing of Culture Andrew Huddleston, 2019-05-02 In Nietzsche's first book The Birth of Tragedy (1872), cultural renewal is paramount among his concerns. In the person of Richard Wagner, Nietzsche saw someone who might bring together a fragmented and directionless modern society through the creation of tragic festival that, through its mythic content, would allegedly give renewed meaning and purpose to human life. The standard story about Nietzsche's philosophical development is that he becomes disillusioned with this project and his mature philosophy undergoes a radical shift. Instead of reposing his hopes in a broader culture, he comes to occupy himself instead with the fate of a few great individuals, or, at the extreme, perhaps mainly with his own quasi-artistic self-cultivation. On these readings, to the extent that he remains concerned with culture at all, it is only as something whose noxious influence threatens this cadre of elite individuals. Nietzsche on the Decadence and Flourishing of Culture questions this individualist reading that has become prevalent, and develops an alternative interpretation of Nietzsche as a more social thinker who sees collective cultural achievements as no less important. Great individuals are not all that matter. Andrew Huddleston uses Nietzsche's perfectionistic ideal of a flourishing culture and his diagnostics of cultural malaise as a point of departure for reconsidering many of the central themes in Nietzsche's ethics and social philosophy, as well as for understanding the interconnections with the form of cultural criticism that was part and parcel of his distinctive philosophical enterprise. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Education and Educators David Kay, 1883 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Sources of East Asian Tradition: The modern period Wm. Theodore De Bary, William Theodore De Bary, 2008 Wm. Theodore de Bary offers a selection of essential readings from his immensely popular anthologies Sources of Chinese Tradition, Sources of Korean Tradition, and Sources of Japanese Tradition so readers can experience a concise but no less comprehensive portrait of the social, intellectual, and religious traditions of East Asia.-- |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Second International Handbook on Globalisation, Education and Policy Research Joseph Zajda, 2015-01-06 This handbook presents a global overview of developments in education and policy change during the last decade. It provides an accessible, practical and comparative source of current research that examines the intersecting and diverse discourses of this important issue. Divided into two parts, the handbook first examines globalisation and education policy reforms, including coverage of main trends as well as specific policy issues such as gender, equity, minorities and human rights. Next, the handbook offers a comparative perspective that evaluates the ambivalent and problematic relationship between globalisation, the state and education reforms globally. It features coverage on curricula issues and education reforms in schools around the world as well as the curriculum in the global culture. Now more than ever there is a need to understand and analyse both the intended and the unintended effects of globalisation on economic competitiveness, educational systems, the state and relevant policy changes--all as they affect individuals, the higher education sector, schools, policy-makers and powerful corporate organisations across the globe. By examining some of the major education policy issues, particularly in the light of recent shifts in education and policy research, this handbook offers readers a comprehensive picture of the impact of globalisation on education policy and reforms. It will serve as a vital sourcebook of ideas for researchers, practitioners and policy makers in education. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Relational and Multimodal Higher Education Nataša Lacković, Alin Olteanu, 2023-09-29 This book proposes a relational turn in higher education by conceptualizing knowledge and pedagogy as relational and multimodal, analyzed through three dimensions of relationality: social, technological, and environmental. The volume draws on interdisciplinary approaches that make a case for integrating these interconnected and distinct dimensions in higher education theory and practice. Its novelty lies in combining such a variety of perspectives with Peircean semiotics to explore what it means to learn and live relationally. It emphasizes the importance of critical reflection, rooted in an environmental understanding of knowledge and digital media. This approach integrates materiality, place, and space in higher education, positioning caring, critically reflective and imaginative interactions and interpretations as central for knowledge growth. The volume features practical case studies of relational pedagogy through dialogues with diverse higher education practitioners, which embrace expression and creation through more than one dominant modality of communication and being. The book envisions students and educators as relational agents, with relational awareness and responsibility, aware of their multimodal identities. It highlights how a relational multimodal paradigm can serve as a way forward for universities to address global challenges concerning social, (post)digital, and environmental futures. This innovative book will be of interest to scholars, students, teachers, and policymakers in higher education, semiotics and multimodality, as well as postdigital, sociomaterial and futures studies. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The College of the Future Mowat G. Fraser, 1937 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Technological Transformation in the Third World: Volume 5 Surendra J. Patel, 2018-03-29 Originally published in 1995, this book follows the preceding 4 volumes (Aisa, Africa, Latin America and Developed Countries) and discusses technological transformation in development history. It looks back on two centuries of history of the emergence of developed countries and examines the various aspects determining the speed, size and shape of the historical process of transformation in developed countries after World War 2. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The Tibetan Book of the Dead Robert Thurman, 2011-02-02 The most accessible and informative version of the Buddhist classic available in English, with instruction in meditation, illuminating commentary, and guidance in the practical use of the prayers The so-called “Tibetan Book of the Dead” has been renowned for centuries as a cornerstone of Buddhist wisdom and religious thought. More recently, it has become highly influential in the Western world for its psychological insights into the processes of death and dying—and what they can teach us about the ways we live our lives. It has also been found to be helpful in the grieving process by people who have recently lost their loved ones. Composed in the eighth century C.E., it is intended to prepare the soul for the trials and transformations of the afterworld. Its profound message is that the art of dying is as important as the art of living. Drawing on Tibetan spiritual traditions, it shows us the workings of the mind in its various manifestations—terrifying and comforting, wrathful and beautiful—which appear more clearly after death in the consciousness of the deceased. By recognizing these manifestations, we can attain a state of enlightenment, both in this existence and in the existence to come. This authoritative translation preserves the form and spirit of the original and was prepared especially for Western readers by Robert A. F. Thurman, one of the most prominent Tibetan scholars in America and a close associate of His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Research and Technological Innovation Alberto Quadrio Curzio, Marco Fortis, 2005-12-27 Contains some essays of two international conferences both organized by Fondazione Edison ;... Districts, pillars, network facilities [and] New science, new industry-the challenges for new Europe. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The Roots of Educational Change Ann Lieberman, 2007-12-29 ANDY HARGREAVES Department of Teacher Education, Curriculum and Instruction Lynch School of Education, Boston College, MA, U.S.A. ANN LIEBERMAN Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Stanford, CA, U.S.A. MICHAEL FULLAN Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada DAVID HOPKINS Department for Education and Skills, London, U.K. This set of four volumes on Educational Change brings together evidence and insights on educational change issues from leading writers and researchers in the field from across the world. Many of these writers, whose chapters have been specially written for these books, have been investigating, helping initiate and implementing educational change, for most or all of their lengthy careers. Others are working on the cutting edge of theory and practice in educational change, taking the field in new or even more challenging directions. And some are more skeptical about the literature of educational change and the assumptions on which it rests. They help us to approach projects of understanding or initiating educational change more deeply, reflectively and realistically. Educational change and reform have rarely had so much prominence within public policy, in so many different places. Educational change is ubiquitous. It figures large in Presidential and Prime Ministerial speeches. It is at or near the top of many National policy agendas. Everywhere, educational change is not only a policy priority but also major public news. Yet action to bring about educational change usually exceeds people's understanding of how to do so effectively. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: International Handbook of Educational Change Andy Hargreaves, A. Lieberman, M. Fullan, D.W. Hopkins, 1998-05-31 The International Handbook of Educational Change is a state of the art collection of the most important ideas and evidence of educational change. The book brings together some of the most influential thinkers and writers on educational change. It deals with issues like educational innovation, reform, restructuring, culture-building, inspection, school-review, and change management. It asks why some people resist change and what their resistance means. It looks at how men and women, older teachers and younger teachers, experience change differently. It looks at the positive aspects of change but does not hesitate to raise uncomfortable questions about many aspects of educational change either. It looks critically and controversially at the social, economic, cultural and political forces that are driving educational change. School leaders, system administration, teacher leaders, consultants, facilitators, educational researchers, staff developers and change agents of all kinds will find this book an indispensable resource for guiding them to both classic and cutting-edge understandings of educational change, no other work provides as comprehensive coverage of the field of educational change. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Church Establishments Considered Richard Ingham, 1875 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The World's Religions Peter B. Clarke, Peter Beyer, 2009-05-07 This comprehensive volume focuses on the world's religions and the changes they have undergone as they become more global and diverse in form. It explores the religions of the world not only in the regions with which they have been historically associated, but also looks at the new cultural and religious contexts in which they are developing. It considers the role of migration in the spread of religions by examining the issues raised for modern societies by the increasing interaction of different religions. The volume also addresses such central questions as the dynamics of religious innovation which is evidenced in the rise and impact of new religious and new spirituality movements in every continent. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Encounter and Interventions Sajal Nag, M. Satish Kumar, 2023-08-07 The advent of colonialism and its associated developments has been characterized as one of the most defining moments in the history of South Asia. The arrival of Christian missionaries has not only been coeval to colonial rule, but also associated with development in the region. Their encounter, critique, endeavour and intervention have been very critical in shaping South Asian society and culture, even where they did not succeed in converting people. Yet, there is precious little space spared for studying the role and impact of missionary enterprises than the space allotted to colonialism. Isolated individual efforts have focused on Bengal, Madras, Punjab and much remains to be addressed in the context of the unique region of the North East India. In North East India, for example, by the time the British left, a majority of the tribals had abandoned their own faith and adopted Christianity. It was a socio-cultural revolution. Yet, this aspect has remained outside the scope of history books. Whatever reading material is available is pro-Christian, mainly because they are either sponsored by the church authorities or written by ecclesiastical scholars. Very little secular research was conducted for the hundred years of missionary endeavour in the region. The interpretations, which have emerged out of the little material available, are largely simplistic and devoid of nuances. This book is an effort to decenter such explanations by providing an informed historical and cultural appreciation of the role and contribution of missionary endeavors in British India. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The State of the System Paul W. Bennett, 2020-09-23 Over the last fifty years, Canada's public schools have been absorbed into a modern education system that functions much like Max Weber's infamous iron cage. Crying out for democratic school-level reform, the system is now a centralized, bureaucratic fortress that, every year, becomes softer on standards for students, less accessible to parents, further out of touch with communities, and surprisingly unresponsive to classroom teachers. Exploring the nature of the Canadian education order in all its dimensions, The State of the System explains how public schools came to be so bureaucratic, confronts the critical issues facing kindergarten to grade 12 public schools in all ten provinces, and addresses the need for systemic reform. Going beyond a diagnosis of the stresses, strains, and ills present in the system, Paul Bennett proposes a bold plan to re-engineer schools on a more human scale as the first step in truly reforming public education. In place of school consolidation and managerialism, one-size-fits-all uniformity, limited school choice, and the success-for-all curriculum, Bennett advocates for a new set of priorities: decentralize school governance, deprogram education ministries and school districts, listen to parents and teachers, and revitalize local education democracy. Tackling the thorny issues besetting contemporary school systems in Canada, The State of the System issues a clarion call for more responsive, engaged, and accountable public schools. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: History of the Christian Church Williston Walker, 2014-06-30 Since publication of the first edition in 1918, A History of the Christian Church by Williston Walker has enjoyed outstanding success and recognition as a classic in the field. Written by an eminent theologian, it combines in its narrative a rare blend of clarity, unity, and balance. In light of significant advances in scholarship in recent years, extensive revisions have been made to this fourth edition. Three scholars from Union Theological Seminary in New York have incorporated new historical discoveries and provided fresh interpretations of various periods in church history from the first century to the twentieth. The result is a thoroughly updated history which preserves the tenor and structure of Walker's original, unparalleled text. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: The Academic Crisis of the Community College Dennis McGrath, Martin B. Spear, 1991-01-01 What I like most about this book is that the authors do not see community colleges as being separate from other parts of post-secondary education. The usual view of two-year colleges is reductionist -- perceiving them exclusively in functional ways -- vocational, collegiate, remedial, etc. McGrath and Spear see community colleges as part of the full historical unfolding of educational institutions in the United States and, thus, critique them as academic institutions. This is an important work -- more intellectually challenging and wide ranging than virtually all books on the subject. -- L. Steven Zwerling New York University School of Continuing Education This is a book which will stand out. It takes a genuinely fresh, integrated approach to a difficult and vexing problem. The authors develop a synoptic picture of education in the community college by tracing the ways in which that institution has been shaped. The authors present a convincing framework within which they can discuss the past failures of efforts at reform and put forward their own proposals. -- William M. Sullivan, LaSalle University; co-author Habits of the Heart The concept of 'remedialization' of the community college is an important contribution to the understanding of community colleges. This work is appealing because it draws from and is influenced by a diversity of works in philosophy, education theory, organization theory, and literary analysis. I especially appreciate the fact that this book does not proselytize the community college credo nor politicize its function. -- Estela M. Bensimon, The Pennsylvania State University |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: A History of the Christian Church Williston Walker, 1918 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: A History of the Christian Church Williston Walker, 2014-05-18 This classic includes the following chapters: Period I. From the Beginnings to the Gnostic Crisis Section I. The General Situation Section II. The Jewish Background Section III. Jesus and the Disciples Section IV. The Palestinian Christian Communities Section V. Paul and Gentile Christianity Section VII. The Interpretation of Jesus Section VIII. Gentile Christianity of the Second Century Section IX. Christian Organization Section X. Relations of Christianity to the Roman Government Section XI. The Apologists Period II. From the Gnostic Crisis to Constantine Section II. Marcion Section III. Montanism Section IV. The Catholic Church Section V. The Growing Importance of Rome Section VI. IRENiEus Section VII. Tertullian and Cyprian Section VIII. The Triumph of the Logos Christology in the West Section IX. The Alexandrian School Section X. Church and State From 180 To 260 Section XI. The Constitutional Development of the Church Section XII. Public Worship and Sacred Seasons Section XIII. Baptism Section XIV. The Lord’S Supper Section XV. Forgiveness of Sins Section XVI. The Composition of the Church and the Higher and Lower Morality Section XVII. Rest and Growth, 260-303 Section XVIII. Rival Religious Forces Section XIX. The Final Struggle Period III. The Imperial State Church Section I. The Changed Situation Section II. The Arian Controversy to the Death of Constantine Section III. Controversy Under Constantine’S Sons Section IV. The Later Nicene Struggle Section V. Akian Missions and the Germanic Invasions Section VI. The Growth of the Papacy Section VII. Monasticism Section VIII. Ambrose and Chrysostom Section IX. The Christological Controversies Section X. The East Divided Section XI. Catastrophes and Further Controversies in the East Section XII. The Constitutional Development of the Church Section XIII. Public Worship and Sacred Seasons Section XIV. Lower Christianity Section XV. Some Western Characteristics Section XVI. Jerome Section XVII. Augustine Section XVIII. The Pelagian Controversy Section XIX. Semi-Pelagianism Section XX. Gregory the Great Period IV. The Middle Ages to the Close of the Investiture Controversy Section I. Missions in the British Islands Section II. Continental Missions and Papal Growth Section III. The Franks and the Papacy Section IV. Charlemagne Section V. Ecclesiastical Institutions Section VI. Collapsing Empire and Rising Papacy Section VII. Papal Decline and Renewal by the Revived Empire Section VIII. Reform Movements Section IX. The Reform Party Secures the Papacy Section X. The Papacy Breaks With the Empire Section XI. Hildebrand and Henry Iv Section XII. The Struggle Ends in Compromise Section XIII. The Greek Church After the Picture Controversy Section XIV. The Spread of the Church Period V. The Later Middle Ages Section I. The Crusades Section II. New Religious Movements Section III. Antichurchly Sects. Cathari and Wal-Denses. The Inquisition Section IV. The Dominicans and Franciscans Section V. Early Scholasticism Section VI. The Universities Section VII. High Scholasticism and Its Theology Section VIII. The Mystics Section IX. Missions and Defeats Section X. The Papacy at Its Height and Its Decline Section XI. The Papacy in Avignon, Criticism. The Schism Section XII. Wyclif and Hus Section XIII. The Reforming Councils Section XIV. The Italian Renaissance and Its Popes Section XV. The New National Powers Section XVI. Renaissance and Other Influences North of the Alps Period VI. The Reformation Section I. The Lutheran Revolution Section II. Separations and Divisions Section III. The Swiss Revolt Section IV. The Anabaptists Section V. German Protestantism Established Section VI. The Scandinavian Lands Section VII. Revolt in French Switzerland and Geneva Before Calvin Section IX. The English Revolt |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Possible Applications of Mental Tests to Social Theory and Practice Carl Terence Pihlblad, 1925 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: A Room of His Own Gloria L. Cronin, 2001-01-01 The world of Saul Bellow is peopled largely by men, often intellectuals, who manifest Bellow's unique conception of American masculinity. In this timely analysis of the Bellow oeuvre from a feminist perspective, Gloria Cronin offers a stunning and insightful critique of the Nobel Prizewinning novelist. Drawing on her comprehensive knowledge of Western thought and Western philosophical tradition, Cronin also incorporates the brilliant insights of French feminist theory on Western male philosophers into her critique. Cronin's mastery of these intellectual traditions informs her fruitful examination of Bellow's explicit dialogue, rich consideration of his misogyny, and the many masculinities he presents. Cronin demonstrates how Bellow's almost exclusively ma1e protagonists simultaneously search for and destroy a lost feminine essence that they yearn for, and in so doing create their own prisons. She also looks at the self-irony pervading Bellow, the comic dimension of his character's gender struggles, and the spiritual sensibility that attempts to reach beyond gendered and other paradigms of selfhood. A Room of His Own makes an extraordinary contribution to gender studies of masculinity and its formations. |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Circulars of Information of the Bureau of Education United States. Office of Education, 1900 |
| education spread widely during the enlightenment because: Minoru Yamasaki and the Fragility of Architecture Paul Kidder, 2021-07-18 Few figures in the American arts have stories richer in irony than does architect Minoru Yamasaki. While his twin towers of New York’s World Trade Center are internationally iconic, few who know the icon recognize its architect’s name or know much about his portfolio of more than 200 buildings. One is tempted to call him America’s most famous forgotten architect. He was classed in the top tier of his profession in the 1950s and ’60s, as he carried modernism in novel directions, yet today he is best known not for buildings that stand but for two projects that were destroyed under tragic circumstances: the twin towers and the Pruitt-Igoe housing project in St. Louis. This book undertakes a reinterpretation of Yamasaki’s significance that combines architectural history with the study of his intersection with defining moments of American history and culture. The story of the loss and vulnerability of Yamasaki’s legacy illustrates the fragility of all architecture in the face of natural and historical forces, yet in Yamasaki’s view, fragility is also a positive quality in architecture: the source of its refinement, beauty, and humanity. We learn something essential about architecture when we explore this tension of strength and fragility. In the course of interpreting Yamasaki’s architecture through the wide lens of the book we see the mid-century role of Detroit as an industrial power and architectural mecca; we follow a debate over public housing that entailed the creation and eventual destruction of many thousands of units; we examine competing attempts to embody democratic ideals in architecture and to represent those ideals in foreign lands; we ponder the consequences of anti-Japanese prejudice and the masculism of the architectural profession; we see Yamasaki’s style criticized for its arid minimalism yet equally for its delicacy and charm; we observe Yamasaki making a great name for himself in the Arab world but his twin towers ultimately destroyed by Islamic militants. As this curious tale of ironies unfolds, it invites reflection on the core of modern architecture’s search for meaning and on the creative possibilities its legacy continues to offer. Beautifully illustrated with over 100 color illustrations of Yamasaki’s buildings, this book will be of interest to students, academics and professionals in a range of disciplines, including architectural history, architectural theory, architectural preservation, and urban design and planning. |
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