| frontiers in physiology: The Physiology of Inflammation – The Final Common Pathway to Disease Alexandrina Ferreira Mendes, Maria Teresa Cruz, Oreste Gualillo, 2019-02-20 Chronic diseases are increasingly recognized as involving low grade inflammation, that is, a self-perpetuating tissue response to stress caused by exogenous or endogenous triggers, that progressively evokes danger-associated molecular pattern release, ultimately driving tissue damage and loss of function. This response is frequently unapparent clinically, thus the designation low grade. This eBook comprises nineteen reviews and original articles that provide the most updated knowledge on the causes and roles of this inflammatory response in a variety of diseases and conditions. The editorial that precedes these articles not only summarizes each one, but provides a broader interpretation of the role of inflammation in health and a variety of disease conditions, the underlying mechanisms and the targets more promising for therapy. Finally, it also highlights the most relevant and emerging research topics that are already shaping future directions for the development of more fine-tuned and innovative therapies. |
| frontiers in physiology: Children’s Exercise Physiology Filipe Manuel Clemente, Luca Paolo Ardigò, Wook Song, Matthieu E. M. Lenoir, Luis Paulo Rodrigues, Hermundur Sigmundsson, 2020-06-22 |
| frontiers in physiology: Physiology in Extreme Conditions: Adaptations and Unexpected Reactions Maria G. Trivella, Enrico Capobianco, Antonio L’Abbate, 2017-11-30 Physiology in extreme conditions can reveal important reactions of the human body, which help our assessment of limits emerging under healthy conditions and critical signals of transition toward disease. While many mechanisms could simply be associated with adaptations, others refer to unexpected reactions in response to internal stimuli and/or external abrupt changes. |
| frontiers in physiology: Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases Andrei I. Ivanov, 2016-06-01 This volume provides a comprehensive collection of classical and cutting edge protocols and techniques to examine the normal development and physiological functions of the gastrointestinal system and to model the most common digestive diseases. The chapters focus on diverse research topics including ex vivo systems to study gastrointestinal development and functions, in vivo imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, isolation and characterization of intestinal immune cells, and animal models of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer. The Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases: Methods and Protocols book targets wide audience of physiologists, cell and developmental biologists, immunologists, and physician-scientists working in the field of gastroenterology and beyond. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Highly practical and clearly written, Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases: Methods and Protocols will serve both seasoned researchers as well as newcomers to the field and will provide a unique resource and expert guidance to modern laboratory techniques developed for examining normal functions and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. |
| frontiers in physiology: Gravitational Physiology, Aging and Medicine Nandu Goswami, Olivier White, Jack J. W. A. van Loon, Andreas Roessler, Andrew Blaber, 2020-01-27 |
| frontiers in physiology: Human Physiology in Extreme Environments Hanns-Christian Gunga, 2014-11-26 Human Physiology in Extreme Environments is the one publication that offers how human biology and physiology is affected by extreme environments while highlighting technological innovations that allow us to adapt and regulate environments. Covering a broad range of extreme environments, including high altitude, underwater, tropical climates, and desert and arctic climates as well as space travel, this book will include case studies for practical application. Graduate students, medical students and researchers will find Human Physiology in Extreme Environments an interesting, informative and useful resource for human physiology, environmental physiology and medical studies. - Presents human physiological challenges in Extreme Environments combined in one single resource - Provides an excellent source of information regarding paleontological and anthropological aspects - Offers practical medical and scientific use of current concepts |
| frontiers in physiology: Frontiers in Biomechanics G. W. Schmid-Schönbein, S.L.-Y. Woo, B.W. Zweifach, 2012-12-06 Biomechanics is concerned with the response of living matter to forces, and its study has taken long strides in recent years. In the past two decades, biomechanics has brought improved understanding of normal and patho physiology of organisms at molecular, cellular, and organ levels; it has helped developing medical diagnostic and treatment procedures; it has guided the design and manufacturing of prosthesis and instruments; it has suggested the means for improving human performance in the workplace, sports, and space; it has made us understand trauma in war and in peace. Looking toward the future, we see many more areas of possible development such as: reduction in heart diseases and atherosclerosis improved vascular assist and replacement devices, including a permanent artifical heart enhanced oxygen transport in the lung understanding and control of growth and changes mechanics of neuromuscular control and robotics prevention of joint degeneration permanent total joint replacements prevention of low back pain workplace designs to enhance productivity ambulation systems for the handicapped fully implantable hearing aids improved understanding of the mechanisms for permanent disability injuries identification of factors such as alcohol use and disease influence on impact tolerance improved cellular bioreactor designs mechanics of DNA and its application in biotechnology. * Obviously, the attainment of these prospects will greatly improve the quality of human life and reduce the costs of living. * This list is from a report by the U. S. National Committee on Biomechanics, April, 1985. |
| frontiers in physiology: The Physiology and Biomechanics of Cycling Irvin Faria, Peter R. Cavanagh, 1978 |
| frontiers in physiology: Science, the Endless Frontier Vannevar Bush, 2021-02-02 The classic case for why government must support science—with a new essay by physicist and former congressman Rush Holt on what democracy needs from science today Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government’s responsibility to support scientific endeavors. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation’s health, security, and prosperity. Bush’s vision set the course for US science policy for more than half a century, building the world’s most productive scientific enterprise. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science’s very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government. This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. Reflecting on the report’s legacy and relevance along with its limitations, Holt contends that the public’s ability to cope with today’s issues—such as public health, the changing climate and environment, and challenging technologies in modern society—requires a more capacious understanding of what science can contribute. Holt considers how scientists should think of their obligation to society and what the public should demand from science, and he calls for a renewed understanding of science’s value for democracy and society at large. A touchstone for concerned citizens, scientists, and policymakers, Science, the Endless Frontier endures as a passionate articulation of the power and potential of science. |
| frontiers in physiology: Membrane Physiology Thomas E. Andreoli, Darrell D. Fanestil, Joseph F. Hoffman, Stanley G. Schultz, 2012-12-06 Membrane Physiology (Second Edition) is a soft-cover book containing portions of Physiology of Membrane Disorders (Second Edition). The parent volume contains six major sections. This text encompasses the first three sections: The Nature of Biological Membranes, Methods for Studying Membranes, and General Problems in Membrane Biology. We hope that this smaller volume will be helpful to individuals interested in general physiology and the methods for studying general physiology. THOMAS E. ANDREOLI JOSEPH F. HOFFMAN DARRELL D. FANESTIL STANLEY G. SCHULTZ vii Preface to the Second Edition The second edition of Physiology of Membrane Disorders represents an extensive revision and a considerable expansion of the first edition. Yet the purpose of the second edition is identical to that of its predecessor, namely, to provide a rational analysis of membrane transport processes in individual membranes, cells, tissues, and organs, which in tum serves as a frame of reference for rationalizing disorders in which derangements of membrane transport processes playa cardinal role in the clinical expression of disease. As in the first edition, this book is divided into a number of individual, but closely related, sections. Part V represents a new section where the problem of transport across epithelia is treated in some detail. Finally, Part VI, which analyzes clinical derangements, has been enlarged appreciably. |
| frontiers in physiology: Frontiers in Mathematical Biology Simon A. Levin, 2013-03-13 From a mathematical point of view, physiologically structured population models are an underdeveloped branch of the theory of infinite dimensional dynamical systems. We have called attention to four aspects: (i) A choice has to be made about the kind of equations one extracts from the predominantly verbal arguments about the basic assumptions, and subsequently uses as a starting point for a rigorous mathematical analysis. Though differential equations are easy to formulate (different mechanisms don't interact in infinites imal time intervals and so end up as separate terms in the equations) they may be hard to interpret rigorously as infinitesimal generators. Integral equations constitute an attractive alternative. (ii) The ability of physiologically structured population models to increase our un derstanding of the relation between mechanisms at the i-level and phenomena at the p-level will depend strongly on the development of dynamical systems lab facilities which are applicable to this class of models. (iii) Physiologically structured population models are ideally suited for the for mulation of evolutionary questions. Apart from the special case of age (see Charlesworth 1980, Yodzis 1989, Caswell 1989, and the references given there) hardly any theory exists at the moment. This will, hopefully, change rapidly in the coming years. Again the development of appropriate software may turn out to be crucial. |
| frontiers in physiology: The Metric Tide James Wilsdon, 2016-01-20 ‘Represents the culmination of an 18-month-long project that aims to be the definitive review of this important topic. Accompanied by a scholarly literature review, some new analysis, and a wealth of evidence and insight... the report is a tour de force; a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take stock.’ – Dr Steven Hill, Head of Policy, HEFCE, LSE Impact of Social Sciences Blog ‘A must-read if you are interested in having a deeper understanding of research culture, management issues and the range of information we have on this field. It should be disseminated and discussed within institutions, disciplines and other sites of research collaboration.’ – Dr Meera Sabaratnam, Lecturer in International Relations at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, LSE Impact of Social Sciences Blog Metrics evoke a mixed reaction from the research community. A commitment to using data and evidence to inform decisions makes many of us sympathetic, even enthusiastic, about the prospect of granular, real-time analysis of our own activities. Yet we only have to look around us at the blunt use of metrics to be reminded of the pitfalls. Metrics hold real power: they are constitutive of values, identities and livelihoods. How to exercise that power to positive ends is the focus of this book. Using extensive evidence-gathering, analysis and consultation, the authors take a thorough look at potential uses and limitations of research metrics and indicators. They explore the use of metrics across different disciplines, assess their potential contribution to the development of research excellence and impact and consider the changing ways in which universities are using quantitative indicators in their management systems. Finally, they consider the negative or unintended effects of metrics on various aspects of research culture. Including an updated introduction from James Wilsdon, the book proposes a framework for responsible metrics and makes a series of targeted recommendations to show how responsible metrics can be applied in research management, by funders, and in the next cycle of the Research Excellence Framework. The metric tide is certainly rising. Unlike King Canute, we have the agency and opportunity – and in this book, a serious body of evidence – to influence how it washes through higher education and research. |
| frontiers in physiology: Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation Veerasamy Sejian, John Gaughan, Lance Baumgard, Cadaba Prasad, 2015-03-31 This volume addresses in detail both livestock’s role in climate change and the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Apart from these cardinal principles of climate change and livestock production, this volume also examines the various strategies used to mitigate livestock-related GHG emissions, and those which can reduce the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Presenting information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, the book explores the influence of climate change on livestock production across the globe. The most significant feature of this book is that it addresses in detail the different adaptation strategies and identifies targets for different stakeholders in connection with climate change and livestock production. Further, it puts forward development plans that will allow the livestock industries to cope with current climate changes and strategies that will mitigate the effects by 2025. Lastly, it provides researchers and policymakers several researchable priorities to help develop economically viable solutions for livestock production with less GHG emissions, promoting a cleaner environment in which human beings and livestock can live in harmony without adverse effects on productivity. Given that livestock production systems are sensitive to climate change and at the same are themselves a contributor to the phenomenon, climate change has the potential to pose an increasingly formidable challenge to the development of the livestock sector. However, there is a dearth of scientific information on adapting livestock production to the changing climate; as such, well-founded reference material on sustaining livestock production systems under the changing climate scenarios in different agro-ecological zones of the world is essential. By methodically and extensively addressing all aspects of climate change and livestock production, this volume offers a valuable tool for understanding the hidden intricacies of climatic stress and its influence on livestock production. |
| frontiers in physiology: Crop Physiology Case Histories for Major Crops Victor Sadras, Daniel Calderini, 2020-12-05 Crop Physiology: Case Histories of Major Crops updates the physiology of broad-acre crops with a focus on the genetic, environmental and management drivers of development, capture and efficiency in the use of radiation, water and nutrients, the formation of yield and aspects of quality. These physiological process are presented in a double context of challenges and solutions. The challenges to increase plant-based food, fodder, fiber and energy against the backdrop of population increase, climate change, dietary choices and declining public funding for research and development in agriculture are unprecedented and urgent. The proximal technological solutions to these challenges are genetic improvement and agronomy. Hence, the premise of the book is that crop physiology is most valuable when it engages meaningfully with breeding and agronomy. With contributions from 92 leading scientists from around the world, each chapter deals with a crop: maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and oat; quinoa; soybean, field pea, chickpea, peanut, common bean, lentil, lupin and faba bean; sunflower and canola; potato, cassava, sugar beet and sugarcane; and cotton. - A crop-based approach to crop physiology in a G x E x M context - Captures the perspectives of global experts on 22 crops |
| frontiers in physiology: Frontiers in Skeletal Muscle Wasting, Regeneration and Stem Cells Carlos Hermano J. Pinheiro, Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira, 2016-05-25 The search for knowledge on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle mass homeostasis and regeneration is an exciting scientific area and extremely important to develop therapeutic strategies for neuromuscular disorders and conditions related to muscle wasting. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and regeneration consist of molecular signaling pathways modulating protein synthesis and degradation, bioenergetics alterations and preserved function of muscle stem cells. In the last years, different kinds of stem cells has been reported to be localized into skeletal muscle (satellite cells, mesoangioblasts, progenitor interstitial cells and others) or migrate from non-muscle sites, such as bone marrow, to muscle tissue in response to injury. In addition, myogenic progenitor cells are also activated in skeletal muscle wasting disorders. The goal of this research topic is to highlight the available knowledge regarding skeletal muscle and stem cell biology in the context of both physiological and pathological conditions. Our purpose herein is to facilitate better dissemination of research into skeletal muscle physiology field. Frontiers in Physiology is a journal indexed in: PubMed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, CrossRef. |
| frontiers in physiology: Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward Jay A. Gottfried, 2011-03-28 Synthesizing coverage of sensation and reward into a comprehensive systems overview, Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward presents a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary approach to the interplay of sensory and reward processing in the brain. While over the past 70 years these areas have drifted apart, this book makes a case for reuniting sensation a |
| frontiers in physiology: Frontiers in Neuroethics Andrea Lavazza, 2016-02-08 Neuroethics is a recent field of study with an increasingly widening scope. More than any other, such a discipline could act as a central aggregator for the new knowledge on human beings that is emerging from contemporary neuroscience and its very relevant ethical, social and legal implications. This volume provides an updated overview of the theoretical perspectives and empirical research related to neuroethics. The eight chapters offer a cross-section of a lively debate that will surely serve as the focus of scientific, cultural, and political reflection in years to come. |
| frontiers in physiology: Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Neural Development W. Maxwell Cowan, Thomas M. Jessell, Stephen Lawrence Zipursky, 1997 This text provides a broad but authoritative view of the cellular and molecular aspects of developmental neurobiology written by leaders in the field. |
| frontiers in physiology: Golgi Dynamics in Physiological and Pathological Conditions Jaakko Saraste, Vladimir Lupashin, Yanzhuang Wang, Kristian Prydz, 2020 Articles in this collection illustrate our recent progress in understanding Golgi biology, and also outline a specific set of yet unanswered Golgi-related questions. For example, exactly how do cargo and resident proteins travel to, through and out of the Golgi? What are the exact modes, carriers and molecular machineries of bi-directional Golgi trafficking? How are Golgi structure and its various functions modified during normal (differentiation, development, etc.) and abnormal (diseases, drugs, pathogens, etc.) circumstances? |
| frontiers in physiology: The Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease Olivier Walusinski, 2010-01-01 Yawning is a stereotyped phylogenetically ancient phenomenon that occurs in almost all vertebrates. As an emotional behavior and an expressive movement, yawning has many consequences; nevertheless, it has so far been poorly addressed in medical research and practice. Bringing together the latest research from many fields, this volume integrates current insights within embryology, ethology, neurophysiology, psychology, fMRI and pathology. The phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of yawning offer an interesting perspective on human development, and its occurrence in neurological diseases - an area explored by only a few investigators - may provide useful clinical information. This book will make valuable and fascinating reading to neurologists, sleep specialists, psychologists, ethologists and pharmacologists, as well as to anybody interested in uncovering the mystery of yawning. |
| frontiers in physiology: Social Neuroscience Eddie Harmon-Jones, Michael Inzlicht, 2016-04-14 Social Neuroscience provides an updated and critically important survey of contemporary social neuroscience research. In response to recent advances in the field, this book speaks to the various ways that basic biological functions shape and underlie social behavior. The book also shows how an understanding of neuroscience, physiology, genetics, and endocrinology can foster a fuller, more consilient understanding of social behavior and of the person. These collected chapters cover traditional and contemporary social psychology topics that have received conceptual and empirical attention from social neuroscience approaches. While the focus of the chapters is demonstrating how social neuroscience methods contribute to understanding social psychological topics, they also cover a wide range of social neuroscience methods, including hormones, functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, event-related brain potentials, cardiovascular responses, and genetics. |
| frontiers in physiology: Surface Electromyography: Barriers Limiting Widespread use of sEMG in Clinical Assessment and Neurorehabilitation Roberto Merletti, Catherine Disselhorst-Klug, William Zev Rymer, Isabella Campanini, 2021-04-05 |
| frontiers in physiology: New Frontiers in Astrobiology Rebecca Thombre, Parag Vaishampayan, 2022-06-18 New Frontiers in Astrobiology presents a simple and concise overview of the emerging field of astrobiology. Astrobiology studies the evolution, origin, and future of life on Earth and beyond. This book provides a brief overview of the current research and future status of this fascinating field. The book covers a wide range of topics from the history of astrobiology, the big bang, prebiotic chemistry, theories of the origin of life, extreme environments on Earth, and the quest for intelligent life in space. Currently, there is a critical gap in knowledge related to the future scope of astrobiology and its applications in science and society. The hallmark of the book is that it takes critical perspectives to analyze the new frontiers in astrobiology post Mars 2020/ExoMars missions that encompass the latestdevelopments in the detection of biosignatures and habitability beyond our Solar System (exomoons, exoplanets). The book will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, and scientists who seek greater insights into understanding the current status and future of astrobiology. - Explores the background and historical developments in astrobiology - Provides concise cutting-edge reviews on fundamental questions on origin and distribution of life on Earth, habitability beyond Earth, and future of life on Earth - Integrates contemporary and critical views in new frontiers in astrobiology |
| frontiers in physiology: Frontiers in Plant–Soil Interaction Tariq Aftab, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, 2021-05-01 Plants face a wide range of environmental challenges, which are expected to become more intense as a result of global climate change. Plant–soil interactions play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. Soil properties represent a strong selection pressure for plant diversity and influence the structure of plant communities and biodiversity. The complexity of plant–soil interactions has recently been studied by developing a trait-based approach in which responses and effects of plants on soil environment are quantified and modelled. This fundamental research on plant–soil interaction in ecosystems is essential to transpose knowledge of functional ecology to environmental management.Frontiers in Plant-Soil Interaction: Molecular Insights into Plant Adaptation will address topics that provide advances in understanding plant responses to soil conditions through the integration of genetic, molecular, and plant-level studies of diverse biotic and abiotic stresses under field and laboratory conditions. This book will be beneficial to students and researchers working on stress physiology and stress proteins, genomics, proteomics, genetic engineering and other fields of plant-soil interactions. Frontiers in Plant-Soil Interaction will also help scientists explore new horizons in their area of research. - Brings together global leaders working in the area of plant–environment interactions and shares their research findings - Presents current and future scenarios for the management of stressors - Illustrates the central role for plant-soil interactions in applying basic research to address current and future challenges to humans |
| frontiers in physiology: Seaweed Ecology and Physiology Catriona L. Hurd, Paul J. Harrison, Kai Bischof, Christopher S. Lobban, 2014-07-17 A synthesis of concepts and examples of how physiological processes influence seaweed communities worldwide, authored by experts in the field. |
| frontiers in physiology: Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds Paul J. Ponganis, 2015-11-26 An up-to-date synthesis of comparative diving physiology research, illustrating the features of dive performance and its biomedical and ecological relevance. |
| frontiers in physiology: Human Physiology Charles L. Schauf, Victoria Schauf, David F. Moffett, Stacia B. Moffett, 1989-12-01 |
| frontiers in physiology: Spirals and Vortices Kinko Tsuji, Stefan C. Müller, 2019-04-04 This richly illustrated book explores the fascinating and ubiquitous occurrence of spirals and vortices in human culture and in nature. Spiral forms have been used as elements in the arts for thousands of years, whereas their role in nature and science – from DNA and sea shells to galaxies – is still a topic of investigation in numerous fields. Following an introduction to the cultural history of spiral forms, the book presents contributions from leading experts, who describe the origins, mechanisms and dynamics of spirals and vortices in their special fields. As a whole the book provides a valuable source of information, while also taking the reader on an aesthetic and scientific journey through the world of spiral forms. |
| frontiers in physiology: Neural Interface: Frontiers and Applications Xiaoxiang Zheng, 2019-11-15 This book focuses on the frontiers of neural interface technology, including hardware, software, neural decoding and encoding, control systems, and system integration. It also discusses applications for neuroprosthetics, neural diseases and neurorobotics, and the toolkits for basic neuroscience. A neural interface establishes a direct communication channel with the central or peripheral nervous system (CNS or PNS), and enables the nervous system to interact directly with the external devices. Recent advances in neuroscience and engineering are speeding up neural interface technology, paving the way for assisting, augmenting, repairing or restoring sensorimotor and other cognitive functions impaired due to neurological disease or trauma, and so improving the quality of life of those affected. Neural interfaces are now being explored in applications as diverse as rehabilitation, accessibility, gaming, education, recreation, robotics and human enhancement. Neural interfaces also represent a powerful tool to address fundamental questions in neuroscience. Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advances in the field, with a huge impact not only in the development of neuroprosthetics, but also in our basic understanding of brain function. Neural interface technology can be seen as a bridge across the traditional engineering and basic neuroscience. This book provides researchers, graduate and upper undergraduate students from a wide range of disciplines with a cutting-edge and comprehensive summary of neural interface engineering research. |
| frontiers in physiology: Follow Your Gut Rob Knight, 2015-04-07 Allergies, asthma, obesity, acne: these are just a few of the conditions that may be caused—and someday cured—by the microscopic life inside us. The key is to understand how this groundbreaking science influences your health, mood, and more. In just the last few years, scientists have shown how the microscopic life within our bodies— particularly within our intestines—has an astonishing impact on our lives. Your health, mood, sleep patterns, eating preferences—even your likelihood of getting bitten by mosquitoes—can be traced in part to the tiny creatures that live on and inside of us. In Follow Your Gut, pioneering scientist Rob Knight pairs with award-winning science journalist Brendan Buhler to explain—with good humor and easy-to-grasp examples—why these new findings matter to everyone. They lead a detailed tour of the previously unseen world inside our bodies, calling out the diseases and conditions believed to be most directly impacted by them. With a practical eye toward deeper knowledge and better decisions, they also explore the known effects of antibiotics, probiotics, diet choice and even birth method on our children’s lifelong health. Ultimately, this pioneering book explains how to learn about your own microbiome and take steps toward understanding and improving your health, using the latest research as a guide. |
| frontiers in physiology: Decision Neuroscience Jean-Claude Dreher, Léon Tremblay, 2016-09-27 Decision Neuroscience addresses fundamental questions about how the brain makes perceptual, value-based, and more complex decisions in non-social and social contexts. This book presents compelling neuroimaging, electrophysiological, lesional, and neurocomputational models in combination with hormonal and genetic approaches, which have led to a clearer understanding of the neural mechanisms behind how the brain makes decisions. The five parts of the book address distinct but inter-related topics and are designed to serve both as classroom introductions to major subareas in decision neuroscience and as advanced syntheses of all that has been accomplished in the last decade. Part I is devoted to anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and optogenetics animal studies on reinforcement-guided decision making, such as the representation of instructions, expectations, and outcomes; the updating of action values; and the evaluation process guiding choices between prospective rewards. Part II covers the topic of the neural representations of motivation, perceptual decision making, and value-based decision making in humans, combining neurcomputational models and brain imaging studies. Part III focuses on the rapidly developing field of social decision neuroscience, integrating recent mechanistic understanding of social decisions in both non-human primates and humans. Part IV covers clinical aspects involving disorders of decision making that link together basic research areas including systems, cognitive, and clinical neuroscience; this part examines dysfunctions of decision making in neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, behavioral addictions, and focal brain lesions. Part V focuses on the roles of various hormones (cortisol, oxytocin, ghrelin/leptine) and genes that underlie inter-individual differences observed with stress, food choices, and social decision-making processes. The volume is essential reading for anyone interested in decision making neuroscience. With contributions that are forward-looking assessments of the current and future issues faced by researchers, Decision Neuroscience is essential reading for anyone interested in decision-making neuroscience. - Provides comprehensive coverage of approaches to studying individual and social decision neuroscience, including primate neurophysiology, brain imaging in healthy humans and in various disorders, and genetic and hormonal influences on decision making - Covers multiple levels of analysis, from molecular mechanisms to neural-systems dynamics and computational models of how we make choices - Discusses clinical implications of process dysfunctions, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, eating disorders, drug addiction, and pathological gambling - Features chapters from top international researchers in the field and full-color presentation throughout with numerous illustrations to highlight key concepts |
| frontiers in physiology: Physiological Medicine Vishwanath R. Lingappa, Krista Farey, 2000 An award-winning teacher highlights the medical importance of physiology in this highly focused, skill- and comprehension-building text. Physiological Medicine: A Clinical Approach to Basic Medical Physiology uses intriguing case studies, frequent questions, and thorough discussions of fundamental principles to frame physiology as a subject of real importance to clinical practice. Thoroughly up-to-date with the latest research on basic principles, clinical practice, and discoveries in molecular biology, this text serves as an ideal springboard for medical school courses in physiology. Practitioners and others wanting to refresh and update their knowledge of physiology will find it an unequaled independent study tool. Inside Physiological Medicine: A Clinical Approach to Basic Medical Physiology: Unique, attention-riveting cases open each chapter. Key-concept summaries spotlight important points. Numerous questions support step-by-step mastery and critical thought. Clinical pearls illuminate diagnostic and treatment applications of physiologic concepts. Over 400 illustrations clarify key concepts. Frontiers sections point where research may be headed. Tables and charts present detailed data accessibly. Challenging real-world cases, many based on actual errors. made on the wards, test your grasp of concepts Case-solved sections fully explain chapter-opening studies, with citations to the text. |
| frontiers in physiology: Renal Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Therapies Bi-Cheng Liu, Hui-Yao Lan, Lin-Li Lv, 2019-08-09 This book systemically presents the latest research on renal fibrosis, covering all the major topics in the field, including the possible mechanisms, biomarkers, and strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Due to its high prevalence, CKD represents a huge global economic and social burden. Irrespective of the initial causes, CKD progresses to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) due to renal fibrosis, which is characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubule atrophy and atresia, and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. Unfortunately, an estimated 1%-2% of the adult population living with CKD will need renal replacement therapy at some point as a result of ESKD. As such, strategies for preventing or slowing CKD progression to ESKD are of utmost importance, and studies aiming to understand the mechanisms of renal fibrosis have been the focus of intensive research. Recently, novel insights into the pathophysiological processes have furthered our understanding of the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, and more importantly, promoted studies on the early diagnosis and treatment of CKD. This book draws lessons from the extensive, state-of-the-art research in this field, elaborating the new theories and new techniques to offer readers a detailed and comprehensive understanding of renal fibrosis and as well as inspiration for future research directions. |
| frontiers in physiology: In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function, Second Edition Ron D. Frostig, 2009-05-06 These are exciting times for the field of optical imaging of brain function. Rapid developments in theory and technology continue to considerably advance understanding of brain function. Reflecting changes in the field during the past five years, the second edition of In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function describes state-of-the-art techniques and their applications for the growing field of functional imaging in the live brain using optical imaging techniques. New in the Second Edition: Voltage-sensitive dyes imaging in awake behaving animals Imaging based on genetically encoded probes Imaging of mitochondrial auto-fluorescence as a tool for cortical mapping Using pH-sensitive dyes for functional mapping Modulated imaging Calcium imaging of neuronal activity using 2-photon microscopy Fourier approach to optical imaging Fully updated chapters from the first edition Leading Authorities Explore the Latest Techniques Updated to reflect continuous development in this emerging research area, this new edition, as with the original, reaches across disciplines to review a variety of non-invasive optical techniques used to study activity in the living brain. Leading authorities from such diverse areas as biophysics, neuroscience, and cognitive science present a host of perspectives that range from a single neuron to large assemblies of millions of neurons, captured at various temporal and spatial resolutions. Introducing techniques that were not available just a few years ago, the authors describe the theory, setup, analytical methods, and examples that highlight the advantages of each particular method. |
| frontiers in physiology: Transcranial Brain Stimulation Carlo Miniussi, Walter Paulus, Paolo M. Rossini, 2012-12-03 Since the discovery of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), these non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been used to investigate the state of cortical excitability, and the excitability of the cortico-cortical and corticospinal pathways. In addition, these techniques have been found |
| frontiers in physiology: CephsInAction: Towards Future Challenges for Cephalopod Science Lindy Holden-Dye, Giovanna Ponte, Graziano Fiorito, A. Louise Allcock, Ryuta Nakajima, Erica A. G. Vidal, Tarla Rai Peterson, 2020-02-12 The last five years have been extremely challenging, but also very innovative for cephalopod science, and the outstanding tradition of biological contribution with cephalopod molluscs as key players in science and human activities and interests has continued. This Research Topic is one of several dedicated to cephalopod molluscs (e.g., Hanke and Osorio, 2018; Ponte et al., 2018) hosted by Frontiers over the last few years, not to mention other papers published separately. Highlighting of cephalopod science is important because it has much to offer not only the life science community, but also more broadly the public perception of science and its understanding and relationship with scientific endeavour and cephalopods as living organisms and part of our everyday life (at least for most of us). This contribution illustrates the key needs that need to be overcome by the cephalopod research community, i.e. rapid and effective mechanisms for exchange of knowledge and resources, sharing of laboratory protocols, videos, tissues, samples and data-sets, innovative approaches and initiatives in public engagement. The cuttlefish comic included is an excellent example of a type of media that can be used to expand scientific knowledge to the public and human relationship with live animals. There are strategic challenges in convincing globally distributed policy makers and funders of the relevance of cephalopods in scientific advances, and also in the regulatory aspects, since cephalopods are the only invertebrates whose use is regulated in Europe in a research context and this increases the need for integrated oversight and direction in terms of ethics and animal welfare (e.g., Jacquet et al., 2019a; 2019b; Ponte et al., 2019). This Research Topic also aligns with the interests of the cephalopod community in stimulating public interest in cephalopods extending to a broader audience that could include chefs and gourmets, and fishers and scientists aiming to develop sustainable food resources. “CephsInAction: Towards Future Challenges for Cephalopod Science” Research Topic includes 14 papers from about 40 authors representing ten different countries, thus overlapping with the original parties that contributed to the COST FA1301 that, together with CephRes, promoted and supported this editorial initiative. |
| frontiers in physiology: Host-Parasite Interactions Gert Flik, Geert Wiegertjes, 2004-07-01 This volume summarizes current research into the physiology and molecular biology of host-parasite interactions. Brought together by leading international experts in the field, the first section outlines fundamental processes, followed by specific examples in the concluding section. Covering a wide range of organisms, Host-Parasite Interactions is essential reading for researchers in the field. |
| frontiers in physiology: Higher and Colder Vanessa Heggie, 2019-08-02 During the long twentieth century, explorers went in unprecedented numbers to the hottest, coldest, and highest points on the globe. Taking us from the Himalaya to Antarctica and beyond, Higher and Colder presents the first history of extreme physiology, the study of the human body at its physical limits. Each chapter explores a seminal question in the history of science, while also showing how the apparently exotic locations and experiments contributed to broader political and social shifts in twentieth-century scientific thinking. Unlike most books on modern biomedicine, Higher and Colder focuses on fieldwork, expeditions, and exploration, and in doing so provides a welcome alternative to laboratory-dominated accounts of the history of modern life sciences. Though centered on male-dominated practices—science and exploration—it recovers the stories of women’s contributions that were sometimes accidentally, and sometimes deliberately, erased. Engaging and provocative, this book is a history of the scientists and physiologists who face challenges that are physically demanding, frequently dangerous, and sometimes fatal, in the interest of advancing modern science and pushing the boundaries of human ability. |
| frontiers in physiology: Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles Gunjal, Aparna B., Thombre, Rebecca, Parray, Javid A., 2021-12-10 Extremophiles are organisms that are able to live in extreme conditions due to their unique physiological and genetic adaptations. Extremophiles are harnessed for their extremozymes that have wide applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutics, and industry. Recent developments in genomics and proteomics have helped unravel the mechanism of survival, physiological adaptation, and genomics structure of extremophiles. Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles covers innovative developments in understanding the physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles using the -omics perspective, focuses on the advancement in mechanisms of the extremophiles that makes them able to survive under extreme conditions, and discusses the applications of extremophiles in astrobiology. Covering topics such as genomics and the history and identification of extremophiles, it is ideal for students, professors, researchers, academicians, microbiologists, agricultural scientists, and biotechnologists. |
| frontiers in physiology: A History of Neuropsychology J. Bogousslavsky, F. Boller, M. Iwata, 2019-04-30 Neuropsychology has become a very important aspect for neurologists in clinical practice as well as in research. Being a specialized field in psychology, its long history is based on different historical developments in brain science and clinical neurology. In this volume, we want to show how present concepts of neuropsychology originated and were established by outlining the most important developments since the end of the 19th century. The articles of this book that cover topics such as aphasia, amnesia and dementia show a great multicultural influence due to an editorship and authorship that spans all developmental initiatives in Europe, Asia, and America. This book gives a better understanding of the development of higher brain function studies and is an interesting read for neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, neurosurgeons, historians, and anyone else interested in the history of neuropsychology. |
The New Field of Network Physiology: Building the Human
fundamental question in Network Physiology is how physiological states and functions emerge out of vertical and horizontal network integration from the sub-cellular to the organism level.
PSL 101: Frontiers in Physiology
Describe the essential skills for several career paths in physiology, including paths in various sectors (i.e. government, academia, and industry) and in different functions (ex. researcher, …
in Physiology Frontiers - uoft-fip.ca
Frontiers in Physiology (FIP) Research Symposium. We are thrilled to have participants from all four Physiology Department research platforms––Endocrine & Diabetes, Neuroscience, …
Frontiers in Vascular Physiology Grand Challenges in Vascular …
We have witnessed rapid advances in vascular biology-related genetic biology, technological advancements in the bioengineering of organs and tissue, improvements in instrumentation and...
Cardiopulmonary interactions in left heart failure
There are multiple aspects of cardiopulmonary physiology that affect patients with heart failure. Lung volume and hyperination. affect autonomic tone and pulmonary vascular resistance. In …
Muscle Adaptations to High-Load Training and Very Low …
Studies have shown that training with lower loads (i.e., 30% 1RM) to volitional failure elicits increases in muscle size and strength similar to high-load resistance training (Mitchell et al., …
PSL 101: Frontiers in Physiology
Compare the possible career paths in physiology and the skills necessary for success in those paths. Develop a plan for acquiring those necessary skills. Evaluate their progress towards …
Frontiers in metabolic physiology grand challenges
Metabolic physiology is defined as the molecular, cellular, organ, and organism biological processes that provide energy to maintain homeostasis. Research on metabolism touches on …
Homeostasis: The Underappreciated and Far Too Often …
Homeostasis has become the central unifying concept of physiology and is defined as a self-regulating process by which an organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to …
Pancreas—Its Functions, Disorders, and Physiological
In this paper, the authors present the impact of a malfunctioning pancreas on the organisms of higher mammals. Based on the analysis of the literature, the influence of the pancreatic …
Maarten Koeners and Fredrik Palm PUBLISHED IN - Frontiers
Oct 1, 2018 · Frontiers is more than just an open-access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research …
Frontiers in Physiology
All Frontiers articles are Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 3,0), which permits the re-use, distribution and reproduction of …
Interpreting Signal Amplitudes in Surface Electromyography …
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a popular research tool in sport and rehabilitation sciences. Common study designs include the comparison of sEMG amplitudes collected from different …
Physiology and Pathophysiology in Ultra-Marathon Running
Knechtle B and Nikolaidis PT (2018) Physiology and Pathophysiology in Ultra-Marathon Running. Front. Physiol. 9:634. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00634. In this overview, we summarize the …
PSL 101: Frontiers in Physiology
core conceptsof physiology, including homeostasis, cell membrane, cell-cell communication, interdependence, flow down gradients, energy, and structure/function.
Photoplethysmogram Analysis and Applications: An …
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive method for measuring blood volume changes in a microvascular bed of the skin based on optical properties, such as absorption, scattering, and...
Membrane physiology and biophysics Another milestone
From its beginning, Frontiers in Physiology–Membrane Physiology and Membrane Biophysics has focused on the architecture, function, and cellular roles of biological membranes (Diaz, 2010;...
Red Blood Cells: Chasing Interactions - Frontiers
In this review, we focus on the broad and diverse types of interactions that have been described to occur between RBC and other cells present in peripheral blood, and the consequences of …
The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short
Background: Post-exercise (i.e., cool-down) stretching is commonly prescribed for improving recovery of strength and range of motion (ROM) and diminishing delayed onset muscular …
Physiological Predictors of Maximal Incremental Running …
Exercise Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology Received: 27 June 2020 Accepted: 20 July 2020 Published: 05 August 2020 Citation: Lanferdini FJ, Silva ES, Machado …
Frontiers in Physiology
5 days ago · The most cited physiology journal, promoting a multidisciplinary approach to the physiology of living systems - from the subcellular and molecular domains to the intact …
Frontiers in Physiology | Articles
5 days ago · The most cited physiology journal, promoting a multidisciplinary approach to the physiology of living systems - from the subcellular and molecular domains to the intact …
About Frontiers in Physiology
Frontiers in Physiology explores the physiology of living systems across all levels, from the molecular and subcellular to the intact organism and its interaction with the environment.
Frontiers in Physiology | Research Topics
The most cited physiology journal, promoting a multidisciplinary approach to the physiology of living systems - from the subcellular and molecular domains to the intact organism and its …
Frontiers in Physiology | About
The most cited physiology journal, promoting a multidisciplinary approach to the physiology of living systems - from the subcellular and molecular domains to the intact organism and its …
Frontiers in Physiology | Cell Physiology
Innovative research that spans cellular physiology and pathophysiology in basic and translational research.
Frontiers in Physiology | Exercise Physiology
A forum for research across all aspects of exercise physiology, from the production of the motor command, to the execution of the exercise task and any supporting activity.
Frontiers in Physiology | About
The most cited physiology journal, promoting a multidisciplinary approach to the physiology of living systems - from the subcellular and molecular domains to the intact organism and its …
Frontiers in Physiology | Cell Physiology
Jun 4, 2025 · Innovative research that spans cellular physiology and pathophysiology in basic and translational research.
Frontiers in Physiology | Clinical and Translational Physiology
This section is devoted to encompassing all areas of physiology that provide insights that can be translated to clinical applications.
