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| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Synthetic mRNA Robert E. Rhoads, 2016-05-29 This volume presents detailed laboratory protocols for in vitro synthesis of mRNA with favorable properties, its introduction into cells by a variety of techniques, and the measurement of physiological and clinical consequences such as protein replacement and cancer immunotherapy. Synthetic techniques are described for structural features in mRNA that provide investigational tools such as fluorescence emission, click chemistry, photo-chemical crosslinking, and that produce mRNA with increased stability in the cell, increased translational efficiency, and reduced activation of the innate immune response. Protocols are described for clinical applications such as large-scale transfection of dendritic cells, production of GMP-grade mRNA, redirecting T cell specificity, and use of molecular adjuvants for RNA vaccines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Synthetic mRNA: Production, Introduction into Cells, and Physiological Consequences is a valuable and cutting-edge resource for both laboratory investigators and clinicians interested in this powerful and rapidly evolving technology. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Introductory Econometrics Jeffrey M. Wooldridge, 2009 INTRODUCTORY ECONOMETRICS: A MODERN APPROACH, 4e International Edition illustrates how empirical researchers think about and apply econometric methods in real-world practice. The text's unique approach reflects the fact that undergraduate econometrics has moved beyond just a set of abstract tools to being genuinely useful for answering questions in business, policy evaluation, and forecasting environments. The systematic approach, which reduces clutter by introducing assumptions only as they are needed, makes absorbing the material easier and leads to better econometric practices. Its unique organization separates topics by the kinds of data being analyzed , leading to an appreciation for the important issues that arise in drawing conclusions from the different kinds of data economists use. Packed with relevant applications, INTRODUCTORY ECONOMETRICS offers a wealth of interesting data sets that can be used to reproduce the examples in the text or as the starting point for original research projects. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproductive Biology Alexander S. Kauffman, Jeremy T. Smith, 2013-04-02 Kisspeptin has been shown to be both necessary and sufficient for activation of the reproductive axis, during puberty and later in adulthood. This makes kisspeptin a fundamental component of the reproductive axis. Kisspeptin has been deemed the single most potent stimulator of GnRH neurons yet known. The importance of kisspeptin has been documented in humans as well as non-human animal models, ranging from monkeys, sheep, and rodents to numerous fish species, thus signifying a highly conserved nature of its reproductive function. Importantly, kisspeptin neurons seem to mediate many of the regulatory effects of other signals, whether they are metabolic, circadian, hormonal, or stress. This places kisspeptin neurons in a unique position to be key nodal points and conduits for conveying numerous endogenous and exogenous signals to the reproductive axis. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Statistical Methods for Overdispersed Count Data Jean-Francois Dupuy, 2018-11-19 Statistical Methods for Overdispersed Count Data provides a review of the most recent methods and models for such data, including a description of R functions and packages that allow their implementation. All methods are illustrated on datasets arising in the field of health economics. As several tools have been developed to tackle over-dispersed and zero-inflated data (such as adjustment methods and zero-inflated models), this book covers the topic in a comprehensive and interesting manner. - Includes reading on several levels, including methodology and applications - Presents the state-of-the-art on the most recent zero-inflated regression models - Contains a single dataset that is used as a common thread for illustrating all methodologies - Includes R code that allows the reader to apply methodologies |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Polysaccharides Kishan Gopal Ramawat, Jean-Michel Mérillon, 2015-07-21 This authoritative reference work presents comprehensive information about one of the most important and most wide-spread classes of (bio)organic compounds: the polysaccharides. The comprehensive and thoroughly up-to-date handbook presents the sources, identification, analysis, biosynthesis, biotechnology and applications of important polysaccharides likes starches, cellulose, chitin, gum and microbial polysaccharides. Polysaccharides can exhibit complex structure and various functional activities. These bio macromolecules can therefore serve as raw materials for various different materials, e.g. rayon, cellulose acetate, celluloid and nitrocellulose; and they find multiple applications, for instance as surgical threads (chitin), as sources of energy, dietary fibers, as blood flow adjuvants, in cosmetics, emulsion stabilizers, film formers, binders, viscosity increasing agents or skin conditioning agenta, as food additives in gums, chewing gum bases and as vaccines. Polysaccharides form the basis for useful products, like xanthan gum, dextran, welan gum, gellan gum, diutan gum and pullulan. Some of the polysaccharide-derived products have interesting and useful properties and show biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-mutagenic, radioprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-ulcer, antidepressant, anti-septicaemic or anti-inflammatory activities. All these applications and properties of polysaccharides are for the first time compiled in a thorough and comprehensive overview in the present work. This reference work is organized thematically in four parts: Part I. Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Structure, Distribution and Biotechnology. Part II. Methods. Part III. Bioactive Polysaccharides. Part IV. Polysaccharides as Food. This reference work is edited by experienced experts, all chapters are written by well recognized international specialists. It is useful to all those working in the field of botany, phytochemistry, pharmacy, drug delivery, molecular biology, metabolomics, forestry, environment, conservation, biotechnology and NGOs working for forest protection. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Understanding Marijuana Mitch Earleywine, 2002-08-15 Marijuana is the world's most popular illicit drug, with hundreds of millions of regular users worldwide. One in three Americans has smoked pot at least once. The Drug Enforcement Agency estimates that Americans smoke five million pounds of marijuana each year. And yet marijuana remains largely misunderstood by both its advocates and its detractors. To some, marijuana is an insidious stepping-stone drug, enticing the inexperienced and paving the way to the inevitable abuse of harder drugs. To others, medical marijuana is an organic means of easing the discomfort or stimulating the appetite of the gravely ill. Others still view marijuana, like alcohol, as a largely harmless indulgence, dangerous only when used immoderately. All sides of the debate have appropriated the scientific evidence on marijuana to satisfy their claims. What then are we to make of these conflicting portrayals of a drug with historical origins dating back to 8,000 B.C.? Understanding Marijuana examines the biological, psychological, and societal impact of this controversial substance. What are the effects, for mind and body, of long-term use? Are smokers of marijuana more likely than non-users to abuse cocaine and heroine? What effect has the increasing potency of marijuana in recent years had on users and on use? Does our current legal policy toward marijuana make sense? Earleywine separates science from opinion to show how marijuana defies easy dichotomies. Tracing the medical and political debates surrounding marijuana in a balanced, objective fashion, this book will be the definitive primer on our most controversial and widely used illicit substance. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Stem Cells in the Respiratory System Mauricio Rojas, 2010-08-05 In this state-of-the-art exploration of a hugely dynamic and fast-evolving field of research, leading researchers share their collective wisdom on the role that stem cells could play in the context of physiological stress and lung injury. The text focuses on reviewing the most relevant—and recent—ideas on using local, endogenous, and exogenous progenitor/stem cells in preventing and treating injury to the lung. The lungs are one of the most complex organs in the human body, with a mature adult lung boasting at least 40 morphologically differentiated cell lineages. Our entire blood supply passes through the lung’s alveolar units during oxygenation. This interaction with the outside world, along with the intricacies of its structure, makes the lung a highly susceptible organ that is vulnerable to numerous types of injury and infection. This means that the mechanisms of lung repair are in themselves correspondingly complex. Because of their multipotentiality, as well as the fact of the lung’s relatively rapid cell turnover, stem cells are thought to be an important alternative cell-base therapy in lung injury. Despite the controversial nature of stem cell research, there has been growing interest in both local and endogenous stem cells in the lung. This highly topical book with chapters on everything from using mesenchymal stem cells in lung repair to the effect of physical activity on the mobilization of stem and progenitor cells, represents an exciting body of work by outstanding investigators and will be required reading for those with an interest in the subject. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Modified Nucleic Acids in Biology and Medicine Stefan Jurga, Volker A. Erdmann (Deceased), Jan Barciszewski, 2016-07-29 This volume is comprised of 18 chapters, covering various aspects of DNA modification and RNA modified bases. It also discusses in detail circular RNA, therapeutic oligonucleotides and their different properties. The chemical nature of DNA, RNA, protein and lipids makes these macromolecules easily modifiable, but they are also susceptible to damage from both endogenous and exogenous agents. Alkylation and oxidation show a potential to disrupt the cellular redox equilibrium and cause cellular damage leading to inflammation and even chronic disease. Furthermore, DNA damage can drive mutagenesis and the resulting DNA sequence changes can induce carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Modified nucleosides can occur as a result of oxidative DNA damage and RNA turnover, and are used as markers for various diseases. To function properly some RNA needs to be chemically modified post-transcriptionally. Dysregulation of the RNA-modification pattern or of the levels of the enzymes that catalyze these modifications alters RNA functionality and can result in complex phenotypes, likely due to defects in protein translation. While modifications are best characterized in noncoding ribonucleic acids like tRNA and rRNA, coding mRNAs have also been found to contain modified nucleosides. This book is a valuable resource, not only for graduate students but also researchers in the fields of molecular medicine and molecular biology. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Human Retroviruses Bryan Cullen, 1993 The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment National Research Council, Commission on Life Sciences, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Developmental Toxicology, 2000-12-21 Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: DNA Damage, DNA Repair and Disease Volume 1 R. Stephen Lloyd, Miral Dizdaroglu, 2020-11-19 The overall aim of this book is to give scientists in academia and industry a comprehensive overview of the field of DNA damage and DNA repair and related human diseases. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Retroviruses Reinhard Kurth, Norbert Bannert, 2010 Leading scientists in the field review the genomics, molecular biology and pathogenesis of these important viruses, comprehensively covering all the recent advances. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: What Darwin Got Wrong Jerry Fodor, Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini, 2011-02-24 Jerry Fodor and Massimo Piatelli-Palmarini, a distinguished philosopher and scientist working in tandem, reveal major flaws at the heart of Darwinian evolutionary theory. They do not deny Darwin's status as an outstanding scientist but question the inferences he drew from his observations. Combining the results of cutting-edge work in experimental biology with crystal-clear philosophical argument they mount a devastating critique of the central tenets of Darwin's account of the origin of species. The logic underlying natural selection is the survival of the fittest under changing environmental pressure. This logic, they argue, is mistaken. They back up the claim with evidence of what actually happens in nature. This is a rare achievement - the short book that is likely to make a great deal of difference to a very large subject. What Darwin Got Wrong will be controversial. The authors' arguments will reverberate through the scientific world. At the very least they will transform the debate about evolution. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Regenerative Biology and Medicine David L. Stocum, 2012-06-07 Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Second Edition — Winner of a 2013 Highly Commended BMA Medical Book Award for Medicine — discusses the fundamentals of regenerative biology and medicine. It provides a comprehensive overview, which integrates old and new data into an ever-clearer global picture. The book is organized into three parts. Part I discusses the mechanisms and the basic biology of regeneration, while Part II deals with the strategies of regenerative medicine developed for restoring tissue, organ, and appendage structures. Part III reflects on the achievements of regenerative biology and medicine; future challenges; bioethical issues that need to be addressed; and the most promising developments in regenerative medicine. The book is designed for multiple audiences: undergraduate students, graduate students, medical students and postdoctoral fellows, and research investigators interested in an overall synthesis of this field. It will also appeal to investigators from fields not directly related to regenerative biology and medicine, such as chemistry, informatics, computer science, mathematics, physics, and engineering. - Highly Commended 2013 BMA Medical Book Award for Medicine - Includes coverage of skin, hair, teeth, cornea, and central neural tissues - Provides description of regenetive medicine in digestive, respiratory, urogenital, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems - Includes amphibians as powerful research models with discussion of appendage regeneration in amphibians and mammals |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing: Part I Biomedical Science J. Robin Harris, Viktor I. Korolchuk, 2019-02-18 This new volume in the Subcellular Biochemistry series will focus on the biochemistry and cellular biology of aging processes in human cells. The chapters will be written by experts in their respective fields and will focus on a number of the current key areas of research in subcellular aging research. Main topics for discussion are mitochondrial aging, protein homeostasis and aging and the genetic processes that are involved in aging. There will also be chapters that are dedicated to the study of the roles of a variety of vitamins and minerals on aging and a number of other external factors (microbiological, ROS, inflammation, nutrition). This book will provide the reader with a state of the art overview of the subcellular aging field. This book will be published in cooperation with a second volume that will discuss the translation of the cell biology of aging to a more clinical setting and it is hoped that the combination of these two volumes will bring a deeper understanding of the links between the cell and the body during aging. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Free Radical Medicine and Biology , 2020-07-15 Although free radicals perform some useful immune functions, they can also damage healthy cells through a process called oxidation. Antioxidants reduce the effect of free radicals by binding together with these harmful molecules, decreasing their destructive power. This book highlights various issues of free radical biology from the perspective of antioxidant defense mechanisms. It also provides useful information on gene modulation, radiation-generated reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis in cancer, and environmental aspects associated with free radicals’ exposure on living systems. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Structure and Function of Glutathione S-Transferases Kenneth D. Tew, Cecil B. Pickett, Timothy J. Mantle, Bengt Mannervik, 1993-08-26 Structure and Function of Glutathione S-Transferases provides some of the latest information available on a variety of structural and functional components of glutathione S-transferases, a family of isozymes involved in many endogenous and exogenous functions in cells. Molecular studies presented in the book focus on the regulation of these enzymes and identify important response elements. X-ray crystallographic structures show detailed information on the structural aspects of these proteins. Metabolism of a number of carcinogens and drugs is covered in detail, and the role that these enzymes play in governing drug resistance at the preclinical and clinical levels is discussed. The book will be excellent for biochemists, pharmacologists, oncologists, experimental therapeutic specialists, and others interested in glutathione S-transferases. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Encyclopedia of Health Economics , 2014-02-21 The Encyclopedia of Health Economics offers students, researchers and policymakers objective and detailed empirical analysis and clear reviews of current theories and polices. It helps practitioners such as health care managers and planners by providing accessible overviews into the broad field of health economics, including the economics of designing health service finance and delivery and the economics of public and population health. This encyclopedia provides an organized overview of this diverse field, providing one trusted source for up-to-date research and analysis of this highly charged and fast-moving subject area. Features research-driven articles that are objective, better-crafted, and more detailed than is currently available in journals and handbooks Combines insights and scholarship across the breadth of health economics, where theory and empirical work increasingly come from non-economists Provides overviews of key policies, theories and programs in easy-to-understand language |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: The Effects of Parental Dysfunction on Children Robert J. McMahon, Ray DeV. Peters, 2012-12-06 Recent experience with interventions designed to promote the well-being of children and to prevent mental health problems has identified particular challenges in families with disordered parents. These families are often very difficult to engage in mental health promotion and prevention programs, and they may be especially resistant to intervention. The Effects of Parental Dysfunction on Children explores the current level of knowledge regarding the processes by which a number of parental disorders influence the developmental outcomes of children. Renowned scientist-practitioners from the United States, Canada, and Australia contributed ten chapters to this volume addressing the topic of the effects of parental behavioral and emotional disorders on children. The major topics covered by this book focus on children growing up in families in which the parents suffer from major psychosocial difficulties, including schizophrenia, depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, anxiety disorders, intellectual disabilities, and antisocial personality disorder. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: The Exposome Gary W. Miller, 2013-11-16 The Exposome: A Primer is the first book dedicated to exposomics, detailing the purpose and scope of this emerging field of study, its practical applications and how it complements a broad range of disciplines. Genetic causes account for up to a third of all complex diseases. (As genomic approaches improve, this is likely to rise.) Environmental factors also influence human disease but, unlike with genetics, there is no standard or systematic way to measure the influence of environmental exposures. The exposome is an emerging concept that hopes to address this, measuring the effects of life-long environmental exposures on health and how these exposures can influence disease. This systematic introduction considers topics of managing and integrating exposome data (including maps, models, computation, and systems biology), -omics-based technologies, and more. Both students and scientists in disciplines including toxicology, environmental health, epidemiology, and public health will benefit from this rigorous yet readable overview. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Enzyme Kinetics in Drug Metabolism Swati Nagar, Upendra A. Argikar, Donald J. Tweedie, 2014-02-13 Drug metabolism and transport are very important facets within the discipline of pharmaceutical sciences, with enzyme kinetic concepts utilized regularly in characterizing and modeling the disposition and elimination of drugs. Enzyme Kinetics in Drug Metabolism: Fundamentals and Applications focuses on very practical aspects of applying kinetic principles to drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Divided into five convenient sections, topics include the fundamental principles of enzyme kinetics, the kinetics of oxidative and conjugative drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, modeling approaches for both drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters including novel systems biology approaches, understanding of variability both experimental and interindividual (pharmacogenomic), and case studies that provide real life examples of applying these principles. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics especially suitable for the novice, in some cases step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and insights to help with troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls with extensive cross referencing to assist in learning. Authoritative and easily accessible, Enzyme Kinetics in Drug Metabolism: Fundamentals and Applications serves as a very practical teaching tool for novice, non-mathematically trained scientists interested in these fundamental concepts and as an aid for their supervisors in teaching these principles. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: The AH Receptor in Biology and Toxicology Raimo Pohjanvirta, 2011-11-03 This book provides a thorough and up-to-date overview of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its unique dual role in toxicology and biology. The coverage includes epigenetic mechanisms, gene expression, reproductive and developmental toxicity, signal transduction, and transgenic animal models. Featuring an internationally recognized team of authors at the forefront of AHR research, this resource provides a comprehensive reference for readers interested in understanding the full spectrum of AHR, from basic concepts, toxicology analysis, and models to polymorphism and related diseases. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Asthma Friedrich Kummer, 1993-07-08 Das Konzept des allergischen Asthma hat lange Zeit so sehr dominiert, daß die Immunotherapie vielfach ohne gesicherte diagnostische Grundlage, halbherzig oder ohne die Feinheiten der Allergenvermeidung angewendet wurde. Die Forschung der letzten zehn Jahre hat uns eine derartige Ausweitung unseres Wissenshorizontes beschert, daß es an der Zeit schien, maßgebliche Autoren zur gemeinsamen Diskussion der neuen Aspekte einzuladen. Das Buch berichtet von den neuesten Erkenntnissen über zelluläres Verhalten, unterschiedliche Zytokinmuster und autoimmunologische Aspekte bis hin zur modernen Allergenvermeidung, aber auch von der wirksamen medikamentösen Therapie der eosinophilen EntzündungThe concept of asthma being an allergic disorder only has dominated above others to an extent, that a re-evaluation of this issue in the light of very recent results from research in immunopathology seemed more than overdue.This volume provides a current concept of theory and clinical practice of immunopathology and therapy of asthma, comprising extensive and brand new laboratory data on atopy, intrinsic asthma, aspects of autoimmunology, as well as guidelines for allergen avoidance, immunotherapy and - last not least - pharmacological treatment of eosinophilic inflammation. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Molecular Biology of Circadian Rhythms Amita Sehgal, 2004-04 This text begins with a general introduction to biochemical and biophysical aspects of circadian timing, then proceeds to its essential focus on collating the newest information on molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms. It includes a chapter on the implications for clinical research on affective disorders, sleep disorders, and the relevance for therapeutic treatment, as well as coverage of multiple oscillators and hormonal rhythms. Sections include: Molecular Control of Circadian Rhythms: Animal Models Molecular Control of Circadian Rhythms: From Cyanobacteria to Plants Circadian Organization in Complex Organisms. Chapter topics include examinations of circadian rhythms in non-mammalian vertebrates, neurospora, and humans. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Retroviruses and Primate Genome Evolution Eugene D. Sverdlov, 2005-01-10 This book describes the role of the obligate inhabitants of all vertebrate genomes—endogenous retroviruses, especially those emerged in genomes rather recently, during primate evolution. It specially focuses on human endogenous retroviruses as well as other retroelements. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Principles of Genetics D. Peter Snustad, 2006 This edition is packed with the lastest developments and information from the labs of current researchers--including the lastest findings from Genomics and RNA Interference.--Jacket |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Controlled Drug Delivery Kinam Park, 1997 This volume discusses the challenges of creating controlled release dosage forms that will deliver new therapeutic agents based on high-molecular-weight molecules. It examines strategies for delivering drugs through resistant biological barriers and surveys a variety of topics, including drug targeting, self-regulated drug delivery, protein drug delivery, biosensors, cell and tissue engineering, new biomaterials, modeling methods, pharmacokinetics, and U.S. federal regulations. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Primary Prevention and Cancer Willy J. Eylenbosch, Micheline Kirsch-Volders, Alain Deleener, Joost Weyler, 1991-08-09 Leading scientists discuss in this book how we can not only detect cancer at an early stage, but even work toward preventing it altogether in the future. They consider genetic and non-genetic causes of cancer, the development of new detection methods, as well as other factors that will improve our understanding of the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Cell And Developmental Biology K. V. Sastry, 2004 CELL BIOLOGY1. The Cell 2. Microscopy 3. Protoplasm 4. Cell Membrane 5. Mitochondrion 6. Golgi Complex7. Endoplasmic Reticulum 8. Ribosomes9. Lysosomes10. Centrosome 11. Plastids 12. Cilia, Flagella and Basal Bodies 13. Nucleus 14. Chromosomes 15. Nucleic Acids 16. Cell Reproduction : Mitosis 17. Cell Reproduction : Meiosis 18. Biology of Cancer 19. Cellular Basis of Immunity DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY1. Historical Perspective, Aims and Scope ofDevelopmental Biology2. Gametogenesis3. Fertilization4. Types of Patterns of Cleavage5. Blastulation and Fate Maps in Frog and Chick6. Gastrulation in Frog. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging M. A. Hayat, 2016-12-28 Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging is an eleven volume series that discusses in detail all aspects of autophagy machinery in the context of health, cancer, and other pathologies. Autophagy maintains homeostasis during starvation or stress conditions by balancing the synthesis of cellular components and their deregulation by autophagy. This series discusses the characterization of autophagosome-enriched vaccines and its efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. Autophagy serves to maintain healthy cells, tissues, and organs, but also promotes cancer survival and growth of established tumors. Impaired or deregulated autophagy can also contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and forward-thinking, these books offer a valuable guide to cellular processes while also inciting researchers to explore their potentially important connections. - Presents the most advanced information regarding the role of the autophagic system in life and death - Examines whether autophagy acts fundamentally as a cell survivor or cell death pathway or both - Introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid in preventing detrimental inflammation - Features recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities, including atherosclerosis and CNS tumors, and their development and treatment - Includes chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Biological Rhythms Jurgen Aschoff, 2013-03-09 Interest in biological rhythms has been traced back more than 2,500]ears to Archilochus, the Greek poet, who in one of his fragments suggests ,,(i,,(VWO'KE o'olos pv{}J.tos txv{}pW7rOVS ~XH (recognize what rhythm governs man) (Aschoff, 1974). Reference can also be made to the French student of medicine J. J. Virey who, in his thesis of 1814, used for the first time the expression horloge vivante (living clock) to describe daily rhythms and to D. C. W. Hufeland (1779) who called the 24-hour period the unit of our natural chronology. However, it was not until the 1930s that real progress was made in the analysis of biological rhythms; and Erwin Bunning was encouraged to publish the first, and still not outdated, monograph in the field in 1958. Two years later, in the middle of exciting discoveries, we took a breather at the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Biological Clocks. Its survey on rules considered valid at that time, and Pittendrigh's anticipating view on the temporal organization of living systems, made it a milestone on our way from a more formalistic description of biological rhythms to the understanding of their structural and physiological basis. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology , 2016-04-14 Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, Four Volume Set is the definitive go-to reference in the field of evolutionary biology. It provides a fully comprehensive review of the field in an easy to search structure. Under the collective leadership of fifteen distinguished section editors, it is comprised of articles written by leading experts in the field, providing a full review of the current status of each topic. The articles are up-to-date and fully illustrated with in-text references that allow readers to easily access primary literature. While all entries are authoritative and valuable to those with advanced understanding of evolutionary biology, they are also intended to be accessible to both advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Broad topics include the history of evolutionary biology, population genetics, quantitative genetics; speciation, life history evolution, evolution of sex and mating systems, evolutionary biogeography, evolutionary developmental biology, molecular and genome evolution, coevolution, phylogenetic methods, microbial evolution, diversification of plants and fungi, diversification of animals, and applied evolution. Presents fully comprehensive content, allowing easy access to fundamental information and links to primary research Contains concise articles by leading experts in the field that ensures current coverage of each topic Provides ancillary learning tools like tables, illustrations, and multimedia features to assist with the comprehension process |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Obesity and Cancer Tobias Pischon, Katharina Nimptsch, 2016-12-01 This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the relationship between obesity and cancer. It opens with a global perspective on obesity and cancer incidence, followed by in-depth discussions of those cancers for which we have sufficient evidence of a causal relationship with obesity. It addresses topics such as the effects of obesity on cancer incidence and cancer survival, the effects of weight gain and weight loss in adulthood on cancer risk, the effects of childhood and adolescent obesity, and the role of body fat distribution in cancer risk. Individual chapters discuss potential pathways for the observed associations and explore possible mechanisms from both an epidemiological and an experimental perspective. It concludes with a population perspective on the cancer risk that is attributable to obesity and is thus potentially avoidable. This book is of particular value to researchers and epidemiologists and is also of interest to public health workers and clinicians. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Towards Malaria Elimination Sylvie Manguin, Vas Dev, 2018-07-18 Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward was started to mark the occasion for renewed commitment to end malaria transmission for good (the WHO's call for Malaria Free World by 2030). This book is dedicated for the benefit of researchers, scientists, program and policy managers, students and anyone interested in malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases with the goal of sharing recent information on success stories, innovative control approaches and challenges in different regions of the world. Some main issues that emerged included multidrug-resistant malaria and pandemic risk, vaccines, cross-border malaria, asymptomatic parasite reservoir, the threat of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and outdoor malaria transmission. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, highlighting the constraints, challenges, accomplishments and prospects of malaria elimination. |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Psychology A2 Mike Cardwell, Cara Flanagan, 2003-09 The unique approach of this book is that it provides comprehensive coverage of only the most popular areas of the AQA A A2 specification: relationships, pro- and anti-social behaviour, biological rhythms, cognitive development, social and personality development, evolutionary explanationsof human behaviour, psychopathology, treating mental disorders, plus issues, debates and approaches. This core textbook offers students the opportunity to improve their grades and have their very own expert to take home the friendly examiner - The Complete Companion! |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Comprehensive Foodomics , 2020-11-12 Comprehensive Foodomics, Three Volume Set offers a definitive collection of over 150 articles that provide researchers with innovative answers to crucial questions relating to food quality, safety and its vital and complex links to our health. Topics covered include transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, green foodomics, epigenetics and noncoding RNA, food safety, food bioactivity and health, food quality and traceability, data treatment and systems biology. Logically structured into 10 focused sections, each article is authored by world leading scientists who cover the whole breadth of Omics and related technologies, including the latest advances and applications. By bringing all this information together in an easily navigable reference, food scientists and nutritionists in both academia and industry will find it the perfect, modern day compendium for frequent reference. List of sections and Section Editors: Genomics - Olivia McAuliffe, Dept of Food Biosciences, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland Epigenetics & Noncoding RNA - Juan Cui, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Transcriptomics - Robert Henry, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia Proteomics - Jens Brockmeyer, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University Stuttgart, Germany Metabolomics - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Neuherberg, Germany Omics data treatment, System Biology and Foodomics - Carlos Leon Canseco, Visiting Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Green Foodomics - Elena Ibanez, Foodomics Lab, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Food safety and Foodomics - Djuro Josic, Professor Medicine (Research) Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA & Sandra Kraljevic Pavelic, University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Rijeka, Croatia Food Quality, Traceability and Foodomics - Daniel Cozzolino, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia Food Bioactivity, Health and Foodomics - Miguel Herrero, Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Foodomics Lab, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Brings all relevant foodomics information together in one place, offering readers a ‘one-stop,’ comprehensive resource for access to a wealth of information Includes articles written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions Provides an ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals who need to find relevant information quickly and easily Includes content from high quality authors from across the globe |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Principles of Bone Biology John P. Bilezikian, Lawrence G. Raisz, Gideon A. Rodan, 2002-01-19 Principles of Bone Biology is the essential resource for anyone involved in the study of bones. It is the most comprehensive, complete, up-to-date source of information on all aspects of bones and bone biology in one convenient source. Written and published in less than one year, it will become an indispensable resource for any scientific or medical library. This, second edition, details countless advances over the past five years, both by updating old chapters and providing additional material. It takes the reader from the basic elements of fundamental research to the most sophisticated concepts in therapeutics. The most current and timely source of information about the biology and pathology of boneProvides succinct coverage of the subjectContributors include over 200 of the most respected researchers in the fieldExtensive table of contents and index for easy referenceEasy-to-read and highly informative to both the newcomer and the initiated to the field Spans the spectrum from molecular biology to in vivo pharmacologyComplete bibliography with each entry fully referenced for additional background reading First edition was selected by Doody Publishing as one of the 250 Best Health Science books published in 1996 |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Immune Biology of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Gerard Socie, Bruce R. Blazar, 2012-12-31 Immune Biology of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation provides clinical and scientific researchers with a deep understanding of the current research in this field and the implications for translational practice. By providing an overview of the immune biology of HSCT, an explanation of immune rejection, and detail on antigens and their role in HSCT success, this book embraces biologists and clinicians who need a broad view of the deeply complex processes involved. It then moves on to discuss the immunobiology mechanisms that influence graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, and transplantation success. Using illustrative figures, highlighting key issues, describing recent successes and discussing unanswered questions, this book sums up the current state of HSCT to enhance the prospects for the future. Allogeneic HSCT is a medical procedure in which a patient receives blood-forming stem cells from a genetically similar but not identical donor. This procedure is commonly performed for people with diseases of the blood, bone marrow, or certain cancers, but it remains risky with many possible complications. As such, experimental practice is reserved for preclinical animal models including the mouse and dog. These animal models have been essential in developing transplant protocols, including preclinical testing of conditioning regimens, treatment of GVHD, and understanding the pathology of GVHD as well as the immunological mechanisms of GVHD and GVL effect. However, recent research has revealed significant species differences between humans and animal models that must be considered when relating animal model studies to clinical allogeneic HSCT scenarios. - Brings together perspectives leading laboratories and clinical research groups to highlight advances from bench to the bedside - Guides readers through the caveats that must be considered when drawing conclusions from studies with animal models before correlating to clinical allogeneic HSCT scenarios - Categorizes the published advances in various aspects of immune biology of allegeneic HSCT to illustrate opportunities for clinical applications |
| endogenous vs exogenous biology: Biology, Toxicology and Carcinogenesis of Respiratory Epithelium G. Thomassen, 1989-12-01 This broadly-based reference resource was compiled as a result of the rapid rise in lung cancer incidence among the world's industrialized nations. Leading researchers address modern research on the respiratory epithelium. |
The Round Trip Effect: Endogenous Transport Costs and …
Jun 15, 2017 · This paper studies transport costs as market outcomes and highlights the round trip effect, a key feature of the transportation industry that links transport supply between locations
Unlocking Nepal’s Growth Potential: Nepal Country Economic …
Download the report here. Unlocking Nepal’s Growth Potential: Nepal Country Economic Memorandum report examines Nepal’s past economic growth performance since 1996, current …
Trade and Global Value Chains in Times of Insecurity - World Bank …
Apr 28, 2023 · Nuriye Melisa Bilgin (Bocconi University): "Endogenous Production Networks and Supply Chain Disruptions" (Paper | Presentation) Piyush Panigrahi (Johns Hopkins University): …
Indigenous Peoples Overview - World Bank Group
Apr 7, 2025 · The world’s approximately 476 million Indigenous Peoples are critical partners in development. They manage or hold tenure rights to approximately a quarter of the world's …
Green Technologies: Decarbonizing Development in East Asia and …
The East Asia and Pacific region is helping the world decarbonize and is encouraging the domestic adoption of renewables. But there is an imbalance: while the region’s innovation and …
Michael M. Lokshin - World Bank Group
Michael Lokshin, Page 5 Books or Chapters in a book: Published and in-print 1. (2013) Foster, J., Seth, S., Lokshin, M. and Z. Sajaia “A Unified Approach to Measuring
Localizing Development: Does Participation Work? - World Bank …
It suggests that a distinction between organic participation (endogenous efforts by civic activists to bring about change) and induced participation (large-scale efforts to engineer participation at …
The Upstream Tariff Simulator (UTAS) - World Bank Group
The Upstream Tariff Simulator (UTAS) helps policy makers assess the impact of tariff reforms on production costs and effective protection rates across a variety of sectors.
Nepal Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank
Apr 3, 2025 · The World Bank In Nepal . Nepal is undergoing a historic transition toward a federal and secular republic. This represents a window of opportunity for the country to further reduce …
Barriers to Entry and Regional Economic Growth in China - World …
Nov 2, 2016 · We build a heterogeneous firm model with endogenous entry to help understand the non-SOE entry patterns in ...
The Round Trip Effect: Endogenous Transport Costs and …
Jun 15, 2017 · This paper studies transport costs as market outcomes and highlights the round trip effect, a key feature of the transportation industry that links transport supply between locations
Unlocking Nepal’s Growth Potential: Nepal Country Economic …
Download the report here. Unlocking Nepal’s Growth Potential: Nepal Country Economic Memorandum report examines Nepal’s past economic growth performance since 1996, current …
Trade and Global Value Chains in Times of Insecurity - World Bank …
Apr 28, 2023 · Nuriye Melisa Bilgin (Bocconi University): "Endogenous Production Networks and Supply Chain Disruptions" (Paper | Presentation) Piyush Panigrahi (Johns Hopkins University): …
Indigenous Peoples Overview - World Bank Group
Apr 7, 2025 · The world’s approximately 476 million Indigenous Peoples are critical partners in development. They manage or hold tenure rights to approximately a quarter of the world's …
Green Technologies: Decarbonizing Development in East Asia and …
The East Asia and Pacific region is helping the world decarbonize and is encouraging the domestic adoption of renewables. But there is an imbalance: while the region’s innovation and investment …
Michael M. Lokshin - World Bank Group
Michael Lokshin, Page 5 Books or Chapters in a book: Published and in-print 1. (2013) Foster, J., Seth, S., Lokshin, M. and Z. Sajaia “A Unified Approach to Measuring
Localizing Development: Does Participation Work? - World Bank …
It suggests that a distinction between organic participation (endogenous efforts by civic activists to bring about change) and induced participation (large-scale efforts to engineer participation at …
The Upstream Tariff Simulator (UTAS) - World Bank Group
The Upstream Tariff Simulator (UTAS) helps policy makers assess the impact of tariff reforms on production costs and effective protection rates across a variety of sectors.
Nepal Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank
Apr 3, 2025 · The World Bank In Nepal . Nepal is undergoing a historic transition toward a federal and secular republic. This represents a window of opportunity for the country to further reduce …
Barriers to Entry and Regional Economic Growth in China - World …
Nov 2, 2016 · We build a heterogeneous firm model with endogenous entry to help understand the non-SOE entry patterns in ...
