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| english as a first language: Cambridge IGCSE® First Language English Language and Skills Practice Book Marian Cox, 2018-05-17 Fully updated, flexible resources taking an active-learning approach that encourages students to aim higher in the 0500, 0524 and 0990 syllabuses. Explore the mysterious River Congo in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, meet Noppakhoa - the elephant who loves to paint, and learn fiery facts about rockets. Through interesting topics and exam-style questions, this write-in language skills and practice book provides students with the grammar practice they need for the course and beyond. The clear layout of the book makes focussing on particular grammatical concepts easy, allowing teachers to tailor lessons to their class. Suggested answers to questions are at the back of the book. |
| english as a first language: Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook with Free Digital Content Marian Cox, 2014-07-10 Up-to-date resources providing full coverage of Cambridge IGCSE® First Language English (0500 and 0522) for first examination in 2015. This Fourth edition Coursebook is designed to support the Cambridge IGCSE First Language English (0500) and Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate First Language English (0522). It teaches all the skills required for the Cambridge IGCSE and includes activities on a variety of engaging topics, set out in 14 lively, full-colour units. All our supporting resources, like audio files and answer sheets, have now moved to Cambridge GO. Go to Cambridge GO to register and access files for any of your Cambridge titles. If you already have an account, just log in and go to 'add new resources'. |
| english as a first language: The Rise of English Rosemary C. Salomone, 2022 A sweeping account of the global rise of English and the high-stakes politics of languageSpoken by a quarter of the world's population, English is today's lingua franca- - its common tongue. The language of business, popular media, and international politics, English has become commodified for its economic value and increasingly detached from any particular nation. This meteoric riseof English has many obvious benefits to communication. Tourists can travel abroad with greater ease. Political leaders can directly engage their counterparts. Researchers can collaborate with foreign colleagues. Business interests can flourish in the global economy.But the rise of English has very real downsides as well. In Europe, imperatives of political integration and job mobility compete with pride in national language and heritage. In the United States and England, English isolates us from the cultural and economic benefits of speaking other languages.And in countries like India, South Africa, Morocco, and Rwanda, it has stratified society along lines of English proficiency.In The Rise of English, Rosemary Salomone offers a commanding view of the unprecedented spread of English and the far-reaching effects it has on global and local politics, economics, media, education, and business. From the inner workings of the European Union to linguistic battles over influence inAfrica, Salomone draws on a wealth of research to tell the complex story of English - and, ultimately, to argue for English not as a force for domination but as a core component of multilingualism and the transcendence of linguistic and cultural borders. |
| english as a first language: English as a Global Language David Crystal, 2012-03-29 Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language. |
| english as a first language: First Language Lessons for the Well-trained Mind Jessie Wise, 2010 This simple-to-use scripted guide to grammar and composition makes successful teaching easy for both parents and teachers. It uses the classical techniques of memorization, copywork, dictation, and narration to develop a childs language ability in the first years of study. |
| english as a first language: Memory of Water Emmi Itäranta, 2014-06-10 An amazing, award-winning speculative fiction debut novel by a major new talent, in the vein of Ursula K. Le Guin. Global warming has changed the world’s geography and its politics. Wars are waged over water, and China rules Europe, including the Scandinavian Union, which is occupied by the power state of New Qian. In this far north place, seventeen-year-old Noria Kaitio is learning to become a tea master like her father, a position that holds great responsibility and great secrets. Tea masters alone know the location of hidden water sources, including the natural spring that Noria’s father tends, which once provided water for her whole village. But secrets do not stay hidden forever, and after her father’s death the army starts watching their town—and Noria. And as water becomes even scarcer, Noria must choose between safety and striking out, between knowledge and kinship. Imaginative and engaging, lyrical and poignant, Memory of Water is an indelible novel that portrays a future that is all too possible. |
| english as a first language: First Language English Marian Cox, 2003-11-06 An exam preparation course that matches the requirements of the CIE syllabus. Matches the requirements of the 2005 University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) syllabus. Written by an experienced IGCSE teacher and examiner and endorsed by CIE, ensuring an up to date and comprehensive resource. The Student's Book is divided into four themed sections selected for their relevance to students worldwide: leisure, work, people and ideas. Imaginative exercises and exam tips build confidence and develop the skills needed to succeed in the examination. The Student Workbook provides examination practice exercises in reading, directed writing and continuous writing. Each unit practises the examination skills of skimming, scanning, selecting, collating, structuring and writing. |
| english as a first language: Primary Language Lessons Emma Serl, 1911 |
| english as a first language: Germania Brendan McNally, 2009-02-10 In their youth, Manni and Franzi, together with their brothers, Ziggy and Sebastian, captured Germany's collective imagination as the Flying Magical Loerber Brothers -- one of the most popular vaudeville acts of the old Weimar days. The ensuing years have, however, found the Jewish brothers estranged and ensconced in various occupations as the war is drawing near its end and a German surrender is imminent. Manni is traveling through the Ruhr Valley with Albert Speer, who is intent on subverting Hitler's apocalyptic plan to destroy the German industrial heartland before the Allies arrive; Franzi has become inextricably attached to Heinrich Himmler's entourage as astrologer and masseur; and Ziggy and Sebastian have each been employed in pursuits that threaten to compromise irrevocably their own safety and ideologies. Now, with the Russian noose tightening around Berlin and the remnants of the Nazi government fleeing north to Flensburg, the Loerber brothers are unexpectedly reunited. As Himmler and Speer vie to become the next Führer, deluded into believing they can strike a bargain with Eisenhower and escape their criminal fates, the Loerbers must employ all their talents -- and whatever magic they possess -- to rescue themselves and one another. Deftly written and darkly funny, Germania is an astounding adventure tale -- with subplots involving a hidden cache of Nazi gold, Hitler's miracle U-boats, and Speer's secret plan to live out his days hunting walrus in Greenland -- and a remarkably imaginative novel from a gifted new writing talent. |
| english as a first language: Speaking to be Understood Lillian Brown, 2003 Table of contents |
| english as a first language: The Native Speaker Alan Davies, 2003-01-01 Linguists, applied linguists and language teachers all appeal to the native speaker as an important reference point. But what exactly (who exactly?) is the native speaker? This book examines the native speaker from different points of view, arguing that the native speaker is both myth and reality. |
| english as a first language: The Fall of Language in the Age of English Minae Mizumura, 2015-01-06 Winner of the Kobayashi Hideo Award, The Fall of Language in the Age of English lays bare the struggle to retain the brilliance of one's own language in this period of English-language dominance. Born in Tokyo but raised and educated in the United States, Minae Mizumura acknowledges the value of a universal language in the pursuit of knowledge yet also embraces the different ways of understanding offered by multiple tongues. She warns against losing this precious diversity. Universal languages have always played a pivotal role in advancing human societies, Mizumura shows, but in the globalized world of the Internet, English is fast becoming the sole common language of humanity. The process is unstoppable, and striving for total language equality is delusional—and yet, particular kinds of knowledge can be gained only through writings in specific languages. Mizumura calls these writings texts and their ultimate form literature. Only through literature and, more fundamentally, through the diverse languages that give birth to a variety of literatures, can we nurture and enrich humanity. Incorporating her own experiences as a writer and a lover of language and embedding a parallel history of Japanese, Mizumura offers an intimate look at the phenomena of individual and national expression. |
| english as a first language: Cambridge IGCSE(TM) First Language English Exam Preparation and Practice Marian Cox, 2019-02-28 5 full tests fully aligned with the revised Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 2020 syllabus. Ideal for use in the final year of the Cambridge IGCSE First Language English course, this book provides scaffolded support for students approaching the examination. The book contains five full examination papers organised by task type, accompanied by model and sample responses, mark schemes, examiner grades and comments, learning and exam strategy training, and examiner tips. |
| english as a first language: Cambridge International AS and A Level English Language Coursebook Mike Gould, Marilyn Rankin, 2014-08-21 Comprehensive student-friendly resources designed for teaching Cambridge International AS and A Level English Language (syllabus 9093). The core aim of this Coursebook is to help students to develop and apply the key skills they need to achieve in AS and A Level English Language. They will build the skills needed for assessment through frequent activities. Divided into two distinct parts for AS and A Level studies, the book covers a wide range of reading skills, such as understanding aspects of style, voice and tone. It also addresses the conventions of key kinds of writing and spoken language, from scripted speeches to travel articles, and looks at how they can capture these conventions in their own work. |
| english as a first language: Bilingual First Language Acquisition Annick De Houwer, 2009-02-17 Increasingly, children grow up hearing two languages from birth. This comprehensive textbook explains how children learn to understand and speak those languages. It brings together both established knowledge and the latest findings about different areas of bilingual language development. It also includes new analyses of previously published materials. The book describes how bilingually raised children learn to understand and use sounds, words and sentences in two languages. A recurrent theme is the large degree of variation between bilingual children. This variation in how children develop bilingually reflects the variation in their language learning environments. Positive attitudes from the people in bilingual children's language learning environments and their recognition that child bilingualism is not monolingualism-times-two are the main ingredients ensuring that children grow up to be happy and expert speakers of two languages. |
| english as a first language: The Earliest English Chris Mccully, Sharon Hilles, 2016-01-28 The Earliest English provides a student-friendly introduction to Old English and the earliest periods of the history of the English Language as it evolved before 1215. Using non-technical language, the book covers basic terminology, the linguistic and cultural backgrounds to the emergence and development of OE, and the OE vocabulary that students studying this phase of the English language need to know. In eight carefully structured units, the authors show how the vocabulary of Old English contains many items familiar to us today; how its characteristic poetic form is based on a beautiful and intricate simplicity; how its patterns of word building and inflectional structure are paralleled in several present day languages and how and why the English language and its literature continued to change so that by the mid-12th century the English language looks more like the 'English' that we are familiar with in the 21st century. Features of the book include: the provision of accessible guides to some important 'problem topics' of classical OE stimulating cross-linguistic comparisons, e.g. the pronoun system of OE as compared with the pronoun system of present day Dutch cleverly laid out translation exercises, with structural help in the form of selective glossaries careful division into eight units, designed for both classroom use and self-study Written in a clear and accessible manner, The Earliest English provides a comprehensive introduction to the evolution of Old English language and literature, and will be an invaluable textbook for students of English Language and Linguistics. |
| english as a first language: Language Policy William Eggington, Helen Wren, 1997-01-01 This work on language policy covers such topics as: language policy agendas; language policy-making in Britain in the 1990s; language policy in the USA; the case of Australia; developments in Canada; and social justice in the work of ESL teachers. |
| english as a first language: First Language Attrition Monika S. Schmid, Barbara Köpke, 2013-05-22 This volume consists of a collection of papers that focus on structural/grammatical aspects of the process of first language attrition. It presents an overview of current research, methodological issues and important questions regarding first language attrition. In particular, it addresses the two most prominent issues in current L1 attrition research: Can attrition effects impact on features of core syntax, or are they limited to interface phenomena?, and; What is the role of age at onset (pre-/post-puberty) in this regard? By investigating attrition in a variety of settings, from a case study of a Spanish-speaking adoptee in the US to an empirical investigation of more than 50 long-term attriters of Turkish in the Netherlands, the investigations presented take a new perspective on these issues. Originally published in Language, Interaction and Acquisition - Langage, Interaction et Acquisition 2:2 (2011). |
| english as a first language: Learning English Neil Mercer, Joan Swann, Barbara Mayor, 2020-10-28 Learning English focuses on young children's acquisition of spoken and written English in monolingual and bilingual contexts and explores the debates surrounding English in schools and colleges, and the often controversial nature of the English curriculum in different parts of the world. English is learned in most parts of the world, both through use in the home and community, and as a major language of education. Learning English represents just some of this diversity. |
| english as a first language: Complete First Language English for Cambridge IGCSE® Jane Arredondo, 2018-07-05 Comprehensively matched to the latest Cambridge IGCSE syllabus (0500), including changes to the Reading paper. This updated and literature-led resource is packed with age-appropriate text extracts, focused activities and embedded exam guidance. |
| english as a first language: The Phonology of English as an International Language Jennifer Jenkins, 2000-07-27 This book advocates a new approach to pronunciation teaching, in which the goal is mutual intelligibility among non-native speakers, rather than imitating native speakers. It will be of interest to all teachers of English as an International Language, especially Business English. It proposes a basic core of phonological teaching, with controversial suggestions for what should be included. |
| english as a first language: The Five Love Languages Gary Chapman, 2009-12-17 Marriage should be based on love, right? But does it seem as though you and your spouse are speaking two different languages? #1 New York Times bestselling author Dr. Gary Chapman guides couples in identifying, understanding, and speaking their spouse's primary love language-quality time, words of affirmation, gifts, acts of service, or physical touch. By learning the five love languages, you and your spouse will discover your unique love languages and learn practical steps in truly loving each other. Chapters are categorized by love language for easy reference, and each one ends with simple steps to express a specific language to your spouse and guide your marriage in the right direction. A newly designed love languages assessment will help you understand and strengthen your relationship. You can build a lasting, loving marriage together. Gary Chapman hosts a nationally syndicated daily radio program called A Love Language Minute that can be heard on more than 150 radio stations as well as the weekly syndicated program Building Relationships with Gary Chapman, which can both be heard on fivelovelanguages.com. The Five Love Languages is a consistent New York Times bestseller - with over 5 million copies sold and translated into 38 languages. This book is a sales phenomenon, with each year outselling the prior for 16 years running! |
| english as a first language: The Rust Programming Language (Covers Rust 2018) Steve Klabnik, Carol Nichols, 2019-09-03 The official book on the Rust programming language, written by the Rust development team at the Mozilla Foundation, fully updated for Rust 2018. The Rust Programming Language is the official book on Rust: an open source systems programming language that helps you write faster, more reliable software. Rust offers control over low-level details (such as memory usage) in combination with high-level ergonomics, eliminating the hassle traditionally associated with low-level languages. The authors of The Rust Programming Language, members of the Rust Core Team, share their knowledge and experience to show you how to take full advantage of Rust's features--from installation to creating robust and scalable programs. You'll begin with basics like creating functions, choosing data types, and binding variables and then move on to more advanced concepts, such as: Ownership and borrowing, lifetimes, and traits Using Rust's memory safety guarantees to build fast, safe programs Testing, error handling, and effective refactoring Generics, smart pointers, multithreading, trait objects, and advanced pattern matching Using Cargo, Rust's built-in package manager, to build, test, and document your code and manage dependencies How best to use Rust's advanced compiler with compiler-led programming techniques You'll find plenty of code examples throughout the book, as well as three chapters dedicated to building complete projects to test your learning: a number guessing game, a Rust implementation of a command line tool, and a multithreaded server. New to this edition: An extended section on Rust macros, an expanded chapter on modules, and appendixes on Rust development tools and editions. |
| english as a first language: Non-native Educators in English Language Teaching George Braine, 2013-10-08 The place of native and non-native speakers in the role of English teachers has probably been an issue ever since English was taught internationally. Although ESL and EFL literature is awash, in fact dependent upon, the scrutiny of non-native learners, interest in non-native academics and teachers is fairly new. Until recently, the voices of non-native speakers articulating their own concerns have been even rarer. This book is a response to this notable vacuum in the ELT literature, providing a forum for language educators from diverse geographical origins and language backgrounds. In addition to presenting autobiographical narratives, these authors argue sociopolitical issues and discuss implications for teacher education, all relating to the theme of non-native educators in ETL. All of the authors are non-native speakers of English. Some are long established professionals, whereas others are more recent initiates to the field. All but one received part of the higher education in North America, and all except two of the chapters are at least partially contextualized in North America. Particularly relevant for non-native speakers who aspire to enter the profession, graduate students in TESOL programs, and teacher educators, the unique nature of this book's contributors and its contents will interest researchers and professionals in applied linguistics generally and in ELT, and all those who are concerned with the role of non-native speakers in English-language teaching. |
| english as a first language: Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Workbook Marian Cox, 2014-08-14 Up-to-date resources providing full coverage of Cambridge IGCSE® First Language English (0500 and 0522) for first examination in 2015. This updated, write-in Workbook can be used for independent learning, for homework tasks or revision. It contains text extracts from around the world with linked exercises for students to practise the skills they need for the Cambridge IGCSE. Exercises are grouped into 12 diverse units on cross-curricula topics which are not linked to the Coursebook themes, so students remain engaged in the reading material. The Workbook has been completely updated in line with the new syllabus. It is particularly suitable for students who need additional support with language and grammar. A microsite provides free online resources to support the course. |
| english as a first language: First Language Use in Second and Foreign Language Learning Miles Turnbull, Jennifer Dailey-O'Cain, 2009-08-24 This volume offers fresh perspectives on a controversial issue in applied linguistics and language teaching by focusing on the use of the first language in communicative or immersion-type classrooms. It includes new work by both new and established scholars in educational scholarship, second language acquisition, and sociolinguistics, as well as in a variety of languages, countries, and educational contexts. Through its focus at the intersection of theory, practice, curriculum and policy, the book demands a reconceptualization of code-switching as something that both proficient and aspiring bilinguals do naturally, and as a practice that is inherently linked with bilingual code-switching. |
| english as a first language: First Language Acquisition Eve V. Clark, 2009-01-22 In this volume, Eve V. Clark takes a comprehensive look at where and when children acquire a first language. All the major findings and debates are presented in a highly readable form. |
| english as a first language: The Standard of Usage in English Thomas R. Lounsbury, 1908 |
| english as a first language: The Way of the Linguist Steve Kaufmann, 2005-11 The Way of The Linguist, A language learning odyssey. It is now a cliché that the world is a smaller place. We think nothing of jumping on a plane to travel to another country or continent. The most exotic locations are now destinations for mass tourism. Small business people are dealing across frontiers and language barriers like never before. The Internet brings different languages and cultures to our finger-tips. English, the hybrid language of an island at the western extremity of Europe seems to have an unrivalled position as an international medium of communication. But historically periods of cultural and economic domination have never lasted forever. Do we not lose something by relying on the wide spread use of English rather than discovering other languages and cultures? As citizens of this shrunken world, would we not be better off if we were able to speak a few languages other than our own? The answer is obviously yes. Certainly Steve Kaufmann thinks so, and in his busy life as a diplomat and businessman he managed to learn to speak nine languages fluently and observe first hand some of the dominant cultures of Europe and Asia. Why do not more people do the same? In his book The Way of The Linguist, A language learning odyssey, Steve offers some answers. Steve feels anyone can learn a language if they want to. He points out some of the obstacles that hold people back. Drawing on his adventures in Europe and Asia, as a student and businessman, he describes the rewards that come from knowing languages. He relates his evolution as a language learner, abroad and back in his native Canada and explains the kind of attitude that will enable others to achieve second language fluency. Many people have taken on the challenge of language learning but have been frustrated by their lack of success. This book offers detailed advice on the kind of study practices that will achieve language breakthroughs. Steve has developed a language learning system available online at: www.thelinguist.com. |
| english as a first language: The Story of English Philip Gooden, 2013-11-05 Born as a Germanic tongue with the arrival in Britain of the Anglo-Saxons in the early medieval period, heavily influenced by Norman French from the 11th century, and finally emerging as modern English from the late Middle Ages, the English language has grown to become the linguistic equivalent of a superpower, and is now sometimes described as the world's lingua franca. Worldwide, some 380 million people speak English as a first language and some 600 million as a second language. A staggering one billion people are believed to be learning it. English is the premier international language in communications, science, business, aviation, entertainment, and diplomacy and also on the Internet. It has been one of the official languages of the United Nations since its founding in 1945. It is considered by many good judges to be well on the way to becoming the world's first universal language Author Philip Gooden tells the story of the English language in all its richness and variety. From the intriguing origins and changing definitions of common words such as OK, berserk, curfew, cabal, and pow-wow, to the massive transformations wrought in the vocabulary and structure of the language by Anglo-Saxon and Norman conquest, through to the literary triumphs of Beowulf, The Canterbury Tales and the works of Shakespeare. The Story of English is a fascinating tale of linguistic, social and cultural transformation, and one that is accessibly and authoritatively told by an author in perfect command of his material. |
| english as a first language: Uncovering the Logic of English: A Common-Sense Solution to America's Literacy Crisis Denise Eide, 2011-01-27 English is so illogical! It is generally believed that English is a language of exceptions. For many, learning to spell and read is frustrating. For some, it is impossible... especially for the 29% of Americans who are functionally illiterate. But what if the problem is not the language itself, but the rules we were taught? What if we could see the complexity of English as a powerful tool rather than a hindrance? --Denise Eide Uncovering the Logic of English challenges the notion that English is illogical by systematically explaining English spelling and answering questions like Why is there a silent final E in have, large, and house? and Why is discussion spelled with -sion rather than -tion? With easy-to-read examples and anecdotes, this book describes: - the phonograms and spelling rules which explain 98% of English words - how English words are formed and how this knowledge can revolutionize vocabulary development - how understanding the reasons behind English spelling prevents students from needing to guess The author's inspiring commentary makes a compelling case that understanding the logic of English could transform literacy education and help solve America's literacy crisis. Thorough and filled with the latest linguistic and reading research, Uncovering the Logic of English demonstrates why this systematic approach should be as foundational to our education as 1+1=2. |
| english as a first language: The Well-Spoken Thesaurus Tom Heehler, 2011-02-01 The Well-Spoken Thesaurus is designed to help you improve your communication skills by expanding your vocabulary. The book includes over 200 words, arranged in easy-to-use categories, such as positive emotions, negative emotions, intellectual terms, and descriptive terms. Each entry includes a definition, synonyms, antonyms, and usage examples. The Well-Spoken Thesaurus is particularly useful for writers who want to improve the precision and impact of their language. By providing a range of synonyms for common words and phrases, the book helps writers avoid repetition and clichés, while also encouraging them to use language that is more vivid, specific, and memorable. Some of the benefits of using The Well-Spoken Thesaurus include: Making a stronger impression: By choosing words that are more precise and impactful, you can help your writing stand out from the crowd and make a stronger impression. Demonstrating your communication skills: Using a wide range of vocabulary can demonstrate that you are articulate, sophisticated, and able to communicate effectively. Conveying your personality: Includes a range of descriptive terms that can help you convey your personality and character traits in your writing Overall, The Well-Spoken Thesaurus can be a valuable resource for anyone who wants to improve their writing and communication skills. |
| english as a first language: Teaching Reading to English Language Learners Kristin Lems, Leah D. Miller, Tenena M. Soro, 2009-11-20 Written specifically for K–12 educators, this accessible book explains the processes involved in second-language acquisition and provides a wealth of practical strategies for helping English language learners (ELLs) succeed at reading. The authors integrate knowledge from two fields that often remain disconnected—linguistics and literacy—with a focus on what works in the classroom. Teachers learn effective practices for supporting students as they build core competencies not just for reading in English, but also for listening, speaking, and writing. Engaging vignettes and examples illustrate ways to promote ELLs’ communicative skills across the content areas and in formal and informal settings. |
| english as a first language: The Adventure of English Melvyn Bragg, 2011-04-01 A history of the English language traces its evolution from a Germanic dialect around 500 A.D. to its modern form, noting the influence of such groups and individuals as early Anglo-Saxon tribes, Alfred the Great, and William Shakespeare. |
| english as a first language: On Writing Well William Zinsser, 1980 On Writing Well, which grew out of a course that William Zinsser taught at Yale, has been praised for its sound advice, its clarity, and for the warmth of its style. It is a book for anybody who wants to learn how to write or who needs to do some writing to get through the day, as almost everybody does. Whether you want to write about people or places, science and technology, business, sports, the arts, or about yourself in the increasingly popular memoir genre, On Writing Well offers you both fundamental principles as well as the insights of a distinguished practitioner. How to Write a Memoir tells you how to write the story of your life. Everyone has a story - whether you're a professional writer or just want to validate your personal and family reminiscences, William Zinsser explains how to do it, and do it well. |
| english as a first language: Oxford English Dictionary John A. Simpson, 2002-04-18 The Oxford English Dictionary is the internationally recognized authority on the evolution of the English language from 1150 to the present day. The Dictionary defines over 500,000 words, making it an unsurpassed guide to the meaning, pronunciation, and history of the English language. This new upgrade version of The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM offers unparalleled access to the world's most important reference work for the English language. The text of this version has been augmented with the inclusion of the Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series (Volumes 1-3), published in 1993 and 1997, the Bibliography to the Second Edition, and other ancillary material. System requirements: PC with minimum 200 MHz Pentium-class processor; 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended); 16-speed CD-ROM drive (32-speed recommended); Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 200, or XP (Local administrator rights are required to install and open the OED for the first time on a PC running Windows NT 4 and to install and run the OED on Windows 2000 and XP); 1.1 GB hard disk space to run the OED from the CD-ROM and 1.7 GB to install the CD-ROM to the hard disk: SVGA monitor: 800 x 600 pixels: 16-bit (64k, high color) setting recommended. Please note: for the upgrade, installation requires the use of the OED CD-ROM v2.0. |
| english as a first language: Scenes from the Life of a Faun Arno Schmidt, 2000-06 Translation of: Aus dem Leben eines Fauns. |
| english as a first language: A First Language Roger Brown, 1973 For many years, Roger Brown and his colleagues have studied the developing language of pre-school children--the language that ultimately will permit them to understand themselves and the world around them. This longitudinal research project records the conversational performances of three children, studying both semantic and grammatical aspects of their language development. These core findings are related to recent work in psychology and linguistics--and especially to studies of the acquisition of languages other than English, including Finnish, German, Korean, and Samoan. Roger Brown has written the most exhaustive and searching analysis yet undertaken of the early stages of grammatical constructions and the meanings they convey. The five stages of linguistic development Brown establishes are measured not by chronological age-since children vary greatly in the speed at which their speech develops--but by mean length of utterance. This volume treats the first two stages. Stage I is the threshold of syntax, when children begin to combine words to make sentences. These sentences, Brown shows, are always limited to the same small set of semantic relations: nomination, recurrence, disappearance, attribution, possession, agency, and a few others. Stage II is concerned with the modulations of basic structural meanings--modulations for number, time, aspect, specificity--through the gradual acquisition of grammatical morphemes such as inflections, prepositions, articles, and case markers. Fourteen morphemes are studied in depth and it is shown that the order of their acquisition is almost identical across children and is predicted by their relative semantic and grammatical complexity. It is, ultimately, the intent of this work to focus on the nature and development of knowledge: knowledge concerning grammar and the meanings coded by grammar; knowledge inferred from performance, from sentences and the settings in which they are spoken, and from signs of comprehension or incomprehension of sentences. |
| english as a first language: English for Beginners Getaway Guides, 2015-02-02 English for Beginners 2nd Edition: The Best Handbook for Learning to Speak EnglishLEARN ENGLISH TODAY!!! Introduced to the British Isles by conquerors from northern Europe as early as the fifth century, English was accepted and used by the British as their everyday language. From the time of their explorations in the 15th century, they brought the English language to the different continents particularly North America including Canada as well as the Caribbean, Oceania which was then known as Australia and New Zealand, Africa and even Southeast Asia, specifically India and the Pacific. American colonists likewise brought the English language to all their colonial outposts in the early 19th and 20th centuries. As a result of the said British and American imperialism, the use of the English language extended to all their colonies, reaching a widespread coverage which led to its adoption as a common language.Currently regarded as the universal language, English is the 2nd largest native language across all countries, spoken by nearly 800 million people around the globe. It is the official language in over 70 countries which are collectively responsible for 2/5 of the world's gross national product. As such, it presents undeniable dominance in international relations and business. Because of this, English as a means of communication is therefore an essential requisite for the growth and development of a nation. Thus, English is massively used in information transfer through modern and conventional methods such as the internet and traditional schools worldwide. In fact, it is the top language used in the internet by nearly 560 million users and based on data from the International College of Economics and Finance which is an arm of the National Research University, there are more than 7,000 international schools worldwide reaching around 3.5 million students using English as the channel for learning notwithstanding the local schools in other countries which likewise use English as the medium of instruction. Therefore, it is important to learn English for proper instruction, for accurate transfer and transmission of ideas and information, for business transactions, employment opportunities, and international relations. Here Is A Preview Of What Is Inside... The Importance of the English Language Basic Steps in Learning to Speak English How to Enhance Delivery Applying the Simple Rules of Grammar Constructing Effective Sentences Beware of Errors Much Much More! Purchase your copy today! |
| english as a first language: First Language English Marian Cox, 2006-08-31 First Language English: IGCSE Second edition matches the requirements of the 2005 University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) syllabus. Written by an experienced IGCSE teacher and examiner, the book is endorsed by CIE, ensuring that it is up to date and comprehensive. The book is an exam preparation course that offers clear, practical support for students. It is divided into four themed sections selected for their relevance to students worldwide: leisure, work, people and ideas. Each section is subdivided into succinct units, based on the specific skill areas of the syllabus: reading, directed writing, composition, speaking and listening. The units utilise a diverse range of topical stimulus material to enliven the subject. They also include imaginative exercises and exam tips, designed to build confidence and develop the skills needed to succeed in the examination. |
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Dept. of English The Winchester School, Dubai Attempt to use ambitious language, varied vocabulary and complex sentence structures, where appropriate. Argumentative Writing: …
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION JUNIOR PRIMARY PHASE: …
This syllabus describes the intended learning and assessment for First Language (English) in Grades 1 to 3 of the Junior Primary Phase. As a subject, First Language (English) is within the …
Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 2024-26
The combination of knowledge and skills in Cambridge IGCSE First Language English gives learners a solid foundation for further study. Candidates who achieve grades A* to C are well …
Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/0524 syllabus …
How Cambridge University Press resources provide a clear pathway through the updated Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 0500/0524 syllabus for examination from 2020. For …
The use of L1 in English language teaching - Cambridge …
Dec 31, 2018 · a deeper understanding of the language backgrounds of language learners and of the increasing diversity of language classrooms. Many classrooms, especially in large cities, …
ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE - National …
The First Additional Language refers to a language that is not a mother tongue but which is used for certain communicative functions in a society, that is, medium of learning and teaching in …
Dispelling the Myth of “English Only”: Understanding the …
Contrary to the myth that “English only” is the one and only path to successful English acquisition, research on language learning shows that it is beneficial to a student to continue using the L1, …
Oral language teaching in English as First Additional …
This article focuses on English as First Additional Language (EFAL) and explores how one Grade 2 teacher changed her practice of oral language teaching while enrolled for an Advanced …
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND CULTURE
As a subject, First Language (English version) is within the ‘linguistic and literary’ area of learning in the curriculum, but has thematic links to other subjects across the curriculum.
The Effects Of First Language On The Learning Of English
It is common for L2 learners to intermingle their first language with the second one, but it has been noticed that constant effort, seriousness of students and teachers can help overcome this …
English as a Global Language and the Effects on Culture and …
English has become a global language with over 380 million people speaking it as their first language and over 200 million people taking it as their second language. Another billion of …
How Does the First Language Have an Influence on Language …
Perspectives on language learning and teaching bring a wide range of important aspects that need to be considered; some of them include culture and native language. These two features …
SENIOR PRIMARY PHASE
This syllabus describes the intended learning and assessment for English First Language in the Senior Primary phase. As a subject, English First Language falls within the Linguistic
IGCSE First Language English - Cambridge University Press
The International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) First Language English syllabus is designed as a two-year course for examination at age 16+ for students whose …
Examining students' perspectives on the use of first language …
This survey-based research investigates the perspectives on first language (L1) use by adult students of English as a second language (ESL) in three ESL community-based programs in …
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND CULTURE - nied.edu.na
A first language, as a subject, falls within the language area of learning in the curriculum, but has thematic links to other subjects across the curriculum. The syllabus is designed to meet the …
Using Learners’ First Language in EFL Classrooms - ed
This study explores the attitudes of EFL teachers towards using learners’ first language (L1) in their classes. It also considers the frequency and functions of using L1 in EFL classes.
Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 2024-26
IGCSE First Language English gives learners a solid foundation for further study. Candidates who achieve grades A* to C are well prepared to follow a wide range of courses including Cambridge …
Syllabus Cambridge IGCSE® First Language English 0500
Cambridge IGCSE First Language English allows learners to: • develop the ability to communicate clearly, accurately and effectively when speaking and writing • learn how to use a wide range of …
First Language English 0990 - Cambridge Assessment …
During your Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) First Language English course you will need to: • develop your ability to communicate clearly, accurately and effectively when speaking and writing • learn how …
Cambridge IGCSE 0500 First Language English specimen …
2 Cambridge niversit Press Assessment 2024 050002SP27 Section A: Directed Writing Read Text A and Text B in the insert and then answer Section A, Question 1(a) and 1(b). Question 1(a) Reread …
Support for Cambridge IGCSE™ First Language English 0500
IGCSE First Language English 0500 to Cambridge International AS & A Level English Language 9093. It contains an outline of the key differences between the IGCSE and the AS & A Level …
Grade thresholds – June 2024 - Cambridge Assessment …
Cambridge IGCSE™ (9–1) First Language English (0990) Grade thresholds taken for Syllabus 0990 (First Language English) in the June 2024 examination. Minimum raw mark required for grade:
CEFR Levels for Cambridge IGCSE First Language English (A-G …
® First Language English (A-G & 9-1 grading) Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) Type of Language user CEFR Level Proficient user C2 – Mastery C1 – Effective …
Cambridge IGCSE 0500 First Language English specimen …
(c)Use one example from the text below to explain how the writer uses language to suggest the reactions of the people in Redding to Annie’s arrival. Use your own words in your explanation.
Grade thresholds – June 2024 - Cambridge Assessment …
Cambridge IGCSE™ First Language English (Oral Endorsement) (0500) Grade thresholds taken for Syllabus 0500 (First Language English (Oral Endorsement)) in the June 2024 examination.
SyllabuS - Cambridge Assessment International Education
1.3 Why choose Cambridge IGCSE First Language English? Cambridge IGCSE First Language English is designed for learners whose mother tongue is English. The course allows learners to: • …
