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| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Managing Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning Projects Avinashkumar V. Karre, 2022-10-18 Managing Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning Projects An invaluable real-world guide to managing large-scale and complex Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning (EPCC) projects Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning (EPCC) infrastructure projects require engineers from several disciplines to adhere to strict budgetary, scheduling, and performance parameters. Chemical engineers involved in EPCC projects are involved primarily in ensuring that the process plant is designed correctly and safely—interacting with the client, contributing to feasibility studies, selecting specific technologies, developing process flow diagrams, and other key tasks. Managing Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning Projects: A Chemical Engineer’s Guide clearly defines the role of a chemical engineer in the EPCC industry and provides detailed and systematic coverage of each phase of an EPCC project. Drawing from their extensive experience in process design, optimization, and analysis, the author identifies and discuss each key task and consideration from a chemical engineer’s perspective. Topics include scope and process planning, construction support, operator training, safety and viability evaluation, and detail engineering. Provides a structured overview of the various challenges chemical engineers face in each project phase Introduces the essential aspects of the Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning industry Describes the roles of chemical process engineers in each phase of EPCC projects and in different EPCC industry positions Discusses the interaction of process engineers with other disciplines and clients Managing Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning Projects: A Chemical Engineer’s Guide is a must-have resource for chemists in industry, process engineers, chemical Engineers, engineering consultants, and project managers and planners working on EPCC projects across the chemical Industry. |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Project Management Handbook Jürg Kuster, Eugen Huber, Robert Lippmann, Alphons Schmid, Emil Schneider, Urs Witschi, Roger Wüst, 2015-06-08 This practical handbook offers a comprehensive guide to efficient project management. It pursues a broad, well-structured approach, suitable for most projects, and allows newcomers, experienced project managers and decision-makers to find valuable input that matches their specific needs. The Project Management Compass guides readers through various sections of the book; templates and checklists offer additional support. The handbook’s innovative structure combines concepts from systems engineering, management psychology, and process dynamics. This international edition will allow to share the authors' experience gained in many years of project work and over 2,000 project management and leadership seminars conducted for BWI Management Education in Zurich, Switzerland. This is an excellent handbook for practical project management in today’s world. Prof. Dr. Heinz Schelle, Honorary Chairman of the GPM (German Project Management Association)The authors’ many years in practical experience in setting up, implementing and managing projects shines through in this book. The book also reflects the current trend towards increased social competence. I am therefore pleased to recommend this book as a basis for certification in project management. Dr. Hans Knöpfel, Honorary President of the SPM (Swiss Project Management Association) |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Process Intensification Jan Harmsen, Maarten Verkerk, 2020-07-20 Process Intensification is a comprehensive textbook and treats the theory of process intensification design, and all innovation steps from idea generation to commercial implementation, and all focused on contributing to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This book covers the ‘hard’ elements of design, modelling, and experimental validations and the ‘soft’ elements, values of engineers, interests of stakeholders and beliefs of society. |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Instrument Engineers' Handbook, Volume Three Bela G. Liptak, 2002-06-26 Instrument Engineers' Handbook, Third Edition: Volume Three: Process Software and Digital Networks provides an in-depth, state-of-the-art review of existing and evolving digital communications and control systems. While the book highlights the transportation of digital information by buses and networks, the total coverage doesn't stop there. It des |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Ten Commandments of Better Contracting Francis T. Hartman, 2003-01-01 Ten Commandments of Better Contracting provides a fresh look at management of supply chains with a particular focus on contracting for construction and related goods and services. With the objective of getting more out of contracts, this book draws on recent research, extensive professional and practical experience, and even trial and error in testing contracting innovations. The book explores issues such as games played, proven solutions to common problems, the importance of business relationships, trust, and other issues not typically addressed in books on this topic. In readable style, every chapter focuses on real-world problems and offers suggestions that help improve the performance of next and future contracts. The book outlines ten basic rules (commandments) for improving contract performance. The author illustrates these different techniques with cartoons, icons, and case studies. Each of the first 10 chapters addresses one of these commandments. The closing chapter presents a successful contracting strategy that applies these commandments in a cohesive approach. This proven strategy has yielded better results than industry norms when intelligently applied. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the contracting environment including basic legal principles; Chapters 2 and 3 address contract strategies; Chapters 4 through 7 focus on contract award; Chapters 8 and 9 address contract administration issues; and Chapter 10 focuses on dispute resolution. |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Project Execution of Mega-Projects for the Oil and Gas Industries Soosaiya Anthreas, 2021-03-24 This book covers execution of mega industrial projects especially in oil and gas industries covering engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning and performance testing. It enumerates various tasks and deliverables under each discipline and sub-disciplines to define the detailed scope of work, supplies and services, as per level III of Prima Vera Schedule developed from the contract-based schedule. It gives an overall idea of how a project rolls out from commencement date to initial acceptance and executed practically with total contractor’s scope of work broken down into tasks/activities at level III platform, while highlighting that support for fool proof project execution. |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Practical Risk Management for EPC / Design-Build Projects Walter A. Salmon, 2020-06-08 Many of the books on construction risk management concentrate on theoretical approaches to the accurate assessment of the overall risks of taking on a new project. Less attention is paid to the typical risks to which the operational level of a project is exposed and how operational managers should approach those risks during project implementation. This book identifies precisely where the major EPC/Design-Build risks occur within an operational framework and shows how best to deal with those risks. The book attempts to offer practical advice, approaches and tools for dealing with risks to which the various operational departments are exposed. |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Managing Construction Projects A. D. Austen, R. H. Neale, 1984 The principles advocated in this fully illustrated guide are based on internationally accepted processes and procedures. Particular emphasis has been placed on the need for careful planning in the early stages of a project, and the requirements for successful execution at all stages, from briefing through to commissioning, are clearly brought out. The needs of developing countries have received especial attention. |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: The Challenges of Technology and Economic Catch-up in Emerging Economies Jeong-Dong Lee, Keun Lee, Dirk Meissner, Slavo Radosevic, Nicholas Vonortas, 2021-06-24 This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Innovation is a pivotal driving force behind economic growth. Technological capability deepens and diversifies industrial activity, which fundamentally enhances growth potential. Consequently, failure to build effective technological capability can lead to slow long-term economic growth. This book synthesizes and interprets existing knowledge on technology upgrading failures in order to better understand the challenges of technology upgrading in emerging economies. The objective is to bring together diverse evidence on three major dimensions of technology upgrading: paths of technology upgrading, structural changes in the nature of technology upgrading, and the issues of technology transfer and technology upgrading. Knowledge on these three dimensions is synthesized at the firm, sector, and macro levels across different countries and world macroregions. Compared to the challenges and uncertainties facing emerging economies, our understanding of technology upgrading is sparse, unsystematic, and scattered. The recent growth slowdown in many emerging economies, often known as the middle-income trap, has reinforced the importance of understanding the technology upgrading challenges they experience. While our understanding of these issues from the 1980s and 1990s is relatively more systematised, the more recent changes that took place during the globalization and proliferation of global value chains, and the effects of the 2008 financial crisis, have not been explored and compared synthetically. The current effects of COVID-19, geopolitical struggles, and the growing concern around environmental sustainability add significant complexity to an already problematic situation. The time is ripe to take stock of our existing knowledge on processes of technology upgrading in emerging economies and make further inroads in research on this crucial issue. |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Understanding and Negotiating EPC Contracts, Volume 2 Howard M. Steinberg, 2016-10-14 Any project which involves an EPC contract is also likely to involve a number of other complicated contracts. The challenge of the parties to an EPC contract is not to try to eliminate risk but rather put into place a narrative structure that enables the parties to predict the contractual result that would obtain if a risk materializes. If the EPC contract does not allow the parties to determine the consequences of an unanticipated situation, they will have to look to an expert, mediator, tribunal, or court to impart guidance or pass judgment. The sample forms of contract contained in Volume 2 of Understanding and Negotiating EPC Contracts are intended to serve as a guide to demonstrate how risks and responsibilities can be allocated among project sponsors, EPC contractors and the various other parties that may be involved in a project. Collectively the sample forms in this volume offer an extraordinary resource that provides the benefit of lessons learned and priceless insight into any project being undertaken which can help assure the resilience of any EPC project. |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Sulfuric Acid from Sulfur via Single-Contact Process - Cost Analysis - Sulfuric Acid E12A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Sulfuric Acid production from sulfur. The process examined is a conventional process comprising sulfur burning followed by catalytic conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and single contact absorption process. In this process, sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide and then converted by catalysis to sulfur trioxide, which is then absorbed in a recirculated stream with sulfuric acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Sulphuric Acid, Sulphur, Oleum, Fuming Sulfuric Acid, Exothermic Reaction, Catalytic Reaction, Single-Contact |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: 2-Ethylhexanol Production from Butyraldehyde - Cost Analysis - 2-EH E21A Intratec, 2017-06-01 This report presents a cost analysis of 2-Ethylhexanol production starting from n-butyraldehyde and hydrogen In this process, n-butyraldehyde is first condensed to 2-ethylpropilacrolein and then reacted with hydrogen to form 2-Ethylhexanol. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Oxo Alcohol, Butyl Alcohol, Condensation, Hydrogenation, H2, 2-Ethylhexanol |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Acrylonitrile Production from Propane - Cost Analysis - Acrylonitrile E21A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Acrylonitrile production from propane using a propane ammoxidation process. The process examined is similar to PTT Asahi Chemical process. In this process, propane and ammonia react to produce Acrylonitrile. Acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide are generated as by-products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patent 7919430, issued to Asahi Kasei in 2011 Keywords: Propenenitrile, Asahi Kasei, Fluidized Bed Reactor |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Toluene Diisocyanate Production from DNT - Cost Analysis - TDI E11A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) production from dinitrotoluene (DNT). The process examined is a typical reductive carbonylation process. This process is comprised of two-steps: DNT initially undergoes reductive carbonylation to form toluene dimethylcarbamate; then the carbamate is thermally decomposed to produce TDI. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) GB Patent 1402379, issued to Arco in 1975 (2) US Patent 4081472, issued to Mitsui Toatsu in 1984 Keywords: Non-Phosgene Process, Mitsui Toatsu, Arco |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Cumene Production Process - Cost Analysis - Cumene E14A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Cumene production from benzene and refinery grade (RG) propylene via alkylation using an aluminum chloride (AlCl3) catalyst. The process examined is a typical alkylation process using an aluminum chloride catalyst. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Propene, Aluminum Chloride, AlCl3 |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Bio-Butadiene Production from Raw Sugar - Cost Analysis - Butadiene E51B Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of bio-based 1,3-Butadiene (BD) production from raw sugar using a fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Global Bioenergies process. In this process, raw sugar (sucrose) is diluted and hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (invert sugars). The invert sugars are then sent to an aerobic fermentation step to produce 1,3-Butadiene. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) WO Patent 2014086781, issued to Global Bioenergies in 2014 (2) WO Patent 2014086780 issued to Global Bioenergies in 2014 Keywords: BD, Hydrolysis, Sugar Inversion, Dextrose, Glucose Fermentation, Aerobic Fermentation, Green Butadiene, Renewable Feedstock |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Isoprene Production from Acetylene and Acetone - Cost Analysis - Isoprene E51A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Isoprene production from acetylene and acetone. The process examined is similar to a Snamprogetti Acetylene-based process. In this process acetylene and acetone undergo an addition reaction forming the first intermediate, methylbutynol, this chemical is then subjected to a selective hydrogenation forming the second intermediate, methylbutenol. The last step of the reaction chain is the dehydration of methylbutenol forming Isoprene and water. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Snamprogetti, Acetylene-based process, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Propylene Glycol from Chlorine and Propylene - Cost Analysis - Propylene Glycol E21A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Propylene Glycol production from chlorine and chemical grade (CG) propylene. The process examined is a typical hydration process. In this process, dichloropropane is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Unsaturated Polyester, UPR, Propene, Chlorohydrin |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Polycarbonate Production from BPA - Cost Analysis - PC E11A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Polycarbonate (PC) production from bisphenol A (BPA) and phosgene. The process examined is a typical interfacial process. In this process, BPA, dissolved in an aqueous solution, is reacted with phosgene, in an organic solution, at the interface of the two-phase mixture. The carbonate oligomers produced are then polycondensed to Polycarbonate resin. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Polycarbonates, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Thermoplastic Polymer, Interfacial Polymerization, Polycondensation |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: ABS Production via Hybrid Process - Cost Analysis - ABS E13A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymer. The process examined is a typical ABS hybrid polymerization process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: LG Chem, Denka, Toray, SABIC IP, Thermoplastics |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Glycerol-Propoxylated Polyether Production - Cost Analysis - Polyether E25A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Glycerol-Propoxylated Polyether production from propylene oxide. The process examined is a typical alkoxylation process. In this process, glycerol is used as starter in the reaction and ethylene oxide is used in the end of the reaction to form an end-cap in the polyether structure. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Glycerin, Glycerol-Based Polyol, PO, Propoxylation, EO End-Capping |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Ethylene Oxide Production from Ethylene - Cost Analysis - EO E11A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Ethylene Oxide production from ethylene. The process examined is a typical direct oxidation process. In the process examined, pure oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Ethylene Oxide, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Ethene, Dow Meteor, Shell Master, Scientific Design |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Prilled Urea from Ammonia via Self-Stripping Process - Cost Analysis - Urea E11A Intratec, 2017-06-01 This report presents a cost analysis of Urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide The process examined is similar to Saipem's (formerly Snamprogetti) self-stripping process. In this process, ammonia and carbon dioxide are reacted to form ammonium carbamate intermediate, which is converted to Urea. The non-converted carbamate is stripped from the Urea solution by excess ammonia and decomposed back to ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are recycled to the Urea synthesis. After concentration and prilling steps, Urea Prills are obtained as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Urea, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2010 (2) Urea, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: NH3 Stripping, Self-Stripping, Fertilizers, Snamprogetti, Saipem, Urea Prills |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Hydrogen Chloride Production - Cost Analysis - HCl E11A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) production from hydrogen and chlorine. In this process, hydrogen and chlorine react in the gaseous phase in a plug flow reactor at elevated temperatures forming HCl. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Hydrogen Chloride, Direct Synthesis |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Oxygen Production - Cost Analysis - Oxygen E11A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Oxygen recovery from air. The process examined is a typical cryogenic distillation process. In this process, Oxygen is separated from air using distillation columns under cryogenic conditions. The main product, Oxygen, and nitrogen byproduct are produced as high pressurized gases. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Industrial Gases Processing, 2006 (2) Cryogenic Technology,Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th edition Keywords: Cryogenic Distillation, Linde, Praxair, Air Separation Unit, ASU |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Polypropylene Homopolymer via Gas Process - Cost Analysis - PP E13A Intratec, 2017-06-01 This report presents a cost analysis of Polypropylene (PP) homopolymer production from polymer grade (PG) propylene using a gas phase process The process examined is similar to LyondellBasell Spherizone process. This process is based on the polymerization of PG propylene in a multi-zone circulating reactor. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patent 20020061264, originally issued to Montell Technology in 2002 (assigned to LyondellBasell in 2003) Keywords: PG Propylene, Propene, MZCR, Gas-Phase Reactor, Bimodal |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Aniline Production from Phenol - Cost Analysis - Aniline E31A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Aniline production from phenol. The process examined is a typical phenol ammonolysis process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Ammonolysis, Halcon, Aristech |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Caprolactam Production from Phenol - Cost Analysis - Caprolactam E51A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Caprolactam production from phenol. The process examined involves the following steps: phenol is hydrogenated to cyclohexanone; cyclohexanone undergoes an oximation reaction with hydroxilamine produced on site; and the oxime is rearranged to produce caprolactam. Nitric acid and ammonium sulfate are generated as by-products in this process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Caprolactam, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Nylon 6, Inventa, Allied Chemical, Oximation, Beckmann Rearrangement, Lactam, Caproic Acid |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Pyrantel Pamoate Production Process - Cost Analysis - Pyrantel Pamoate E11A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Pyrantel Pamoate production from 2-thiophene aldehyde. 3-Methylamine propylamine is first sent to a cyclization step before its reaction with 2-thiophene aldehyde. Ethanol and citric acid are added to the reaction product, followed by the addition of a pamoic acid solution for recrystallization. The crystals are filtered and dried to obtain Pyrantel Pamoate. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: MAPA, TA, Pyrantel Embonate |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Toluene Diisocyanate from Toluene - Cost Analysis - TDI E21A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) production from toluene. The process examined is a typical reductive carbonylation process. In this process, toluene is dinitrated to dinitrotoluene (DNT). Next, DNT undergoes reductive carbonylation to form toluene dimethylcarbamate, and then the carbamate is thermally decomposed to produce TDI. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) GB Patent 1402379, issued to Arco in 1975 (2) US Patent 4081472, issued to Mitsui Toatsu in 1984 Keywords: Non-Phosgene Process, Mitsui Toatsu, Arco |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Caprolactam Production from Cyclohexane - Cost Analysis - Caprolactam E41A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Caprolactam production from cyclohexane. The process examined involves the following steps: cyclohexane is oxidized to a cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone mixture; cyclohexanol is dehydrogenated to cyclohexanone; cyclohexanone undergoes an oximation reaction with hydroxilamine; and the oxime is rearranged to produce caprolactam. Ammonium sulfate is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Nylon 6, Oxidation, Dehydrogenation, Oxime, Oximation, Beckmann Rearrangement, Inventa |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Acrylic Acid Production from Propylene - Cost Analysis - Acrylic Acid E11A Intratec, 2017-06-01 This report presents a cost analysis of Ester-Grade Acrylic Acid (EAA) production from chemical grade (CG) propylene The process examined is a typical propylene oxidation. In this process, propylene passes through a two-stage vapor phase oxidation to generate an acrylic acid-containing gas, from which acrylic acid is recovered via absorption in water. The aqueous acrylic acid solution is purified via light solvent extraction to Ester-grade Acrylic Acid (EAA), which is used in the production of acrylic esters. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Acrylic Acid, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Propene, Air Oxidation, Propenoic Acid, Nippon Shokubai, Rohm & Haas, Dow |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Polyhydroxybutyrate Production Process - Cost Analysis - PHB E21F Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from sugarcane bagasse. In this process, bagasse is gasified to synthesis gas (syngas), which is fermented to PHB. Hydrogen is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Polyhydroxyalcanoate, PHA, Gasification, Fermentation |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: 11-Aminoundecanoic Acid Production - Cost Analysis - AUN Acid E11A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of 11-Aminoundecanoic Acid production from castor oil. The process examined is similar to the one owned by Arkema. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Nylon-11, Polyamide 11, PA11, Rilsan, Arkema, Atochem |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: MTBE Production from FCC C4 Raffinate - Cost Analysis - MTBE E31C Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) production from catalytic cracking C4 raffinate stream and methanol. The process examined is similar to UOP's Ethermax process for isobutylene etherification. In this process the etherification reaction is conducted in two steps, the first step being a conventional reactor and the second a reactive distillation column. Other established commercial etherification processes with similar configuration, like CBI's CDMTBE, Axens' MTBE Process and Evonik's MTBE Process may as well be represented by the economic analysis presented in this report. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Etherification Reaction, Fluid Catalytic Cracking, C4 raffinate, Fuel Additive, Oxygenates |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Concentrated Nitric Acid from Weak Nitric Acid - Cost Analysis - NA E22A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Concentrated Nitric Acid (99 wt%) production from weak nitric acid (65 wt%). The process examined is a typical Sulfuric Acid process. In this process, weak nitric acid (65 wt%) is concentrated up to 99 wt% Nitric Acid by extractive distillation using sulfuric acid as dehydrating agent. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Nitric Acid, Sulfuric Acid Process, Strong Nitric Acid, Dehydration |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Vinyl Chloride Production from Ethane and Chlorine - Cost Analysis - VCM E21A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Vinyl Chloride production directly from ethane and chlorine. The process examined is similar to that developed by European Vinyls Corporation, now owned by INEOS. This process is still in its early development stage, but it has already been tested on a pilot scale plant. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Chloroethene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, European Vinyls Corporation, EVC, INEOS, Ethane-To-VCM |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: DL-Methionine from Acrolein, Methyl Mercaptan and HCN - Cost Analysis - Methionine E41A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of DL-Methionine production from acrolein, methyl mercaptan, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The process examined is a typical carbonate process. In this process, refined acrolein and methyl mercaptan are reacted to form MMP (also called methional), which is further reacted with hydrogen cyanide to generate DL-Methionine. This multi-step process includes: methional production; hydantoin intermediate production (from methional and hydrogen cyanide); reaction of hydantoin with potassium carbonate to produce potassium methioninate; and methioninate conversion to DL-Methionine. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20130231501, issued to Evonik in 2013 (2) US Patent 8759592, issued to Evonik in 2014 Keywords: DLM, 3-Methylmercapto Propionaldehyde, MMP, Methional, Propenal, Methanethiol, Essential Amino Acid, Degussa |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Tricalcium Phosphate Production - Cost Analysis - TCP E11A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) from phosphate rock, phosphoric acid, and soda ash. The process examined is a typical calcination process. In the process examined, phosphate rock is mixed with soda ash and sent to grinding and pelletization. Phosphoric acid is added and the product is sent to a rotary kiln, where Tricalcium Phosphate is produced. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: TCP, Tricalcium bis(phosphate), Sodium Carbonate |
| engineering procurement construction commissioning: Oxygen Production - Cost Analysis - Oxygen E13A Intratec, 2019-09-17 This report presents a cost analysis of Oxygen recovery from air. The process examined is a typical vacuum swing adsorption process. In this process, low purity Oxygen is produced. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Pressure Swing Adsorption, PSA, VSA |
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The effect of age on mapping auditory icons to visual icons for ...
Oct 1, 1996 · This research explored the abilities of subjects in grade 1 (6–7 years old) and grade 3 (8–9 years old) to identify auditory icons that are commonly introduced in software …
Toward establishing a link between psychomotor task complexity …
Oct 1, 1996 · The objective of this research is to propose and validate a link between an existing information processing model for psychomotor tasks and a comprehensive characterization of …
Engineering | Journal | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
The official journal of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press. Engineering is an international open-access journal that was launched by the Chinese …
Pickering stabilization of double emulsions: Basic concepts, …
Double emulsions (DEs) offer unique compartmentalized structures but are inherently unstable, prompting significant scientific and industrial efforts …
Engineering Structures | Journal | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
Engineering Structures provides a forum for a broad blend of scientific and technical papers to reflect the evolving needs of the structural engineering and structural mechanics communities. …
Engineering Failure Analysis | Journal - ScienceDirect
Published in Affiliation with the European Structural Integrity Society. The Engineering Failure Analysis journal provides an essential reference for analysing and preventing engineering …
Engineering Geology | Journal | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
Engineering Geology is an international interdisciplinary journal bridging the fields of the earth sciences and engineering, particularly geological and geotechnical engineering.The focus of …
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence | Journal ...
A journal of IFAC, the International Federation of Automatic Control Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a major role in the fourth industrial revolution and we are seeing a lot of evolution in …
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