| equ in assembly language: Introduction to Assembly Language Programming Sivarama P. Dandamudi, 2013-03-14 This textbook introduces readers to assembly and its role in computer programming and design. The author concentrates on covering the 8086 family of processors up to and including the Pentium. The focus is on providing students with a firm grasp of the main features of assembly programming, and how it can be used to improve a computer's performance. All of the main features are covered in depth: stacks, addressing modes, arithmetic, selection and iteration, as well as bit manipulation. Advanced topics include: string processing, macros, interrupts and input/output handling, and interfacing with such higher-level languages as C. The book is based on a successful course given by the author and includes numerous hands-on exercises. |
| equ in assembly language: Assembly Language for Intel-based Computers Kip R. Irvine, 2007 This widely used, fully updated assembly language book provides basic information for the beginning programmer interested in computer architecture, operating systems, hardware manipulation, and compiler writing.Uses the Intel IA-32 processor family as its base, showing how to program for Windows and DOS. Is written in a clear and straightforward manner for high readability. Includes a companion CD-ROM with all sample programs, and Microsoftreg; Macro Assembler Version 8, along with an extensive companion Website maintained by the author. Covers machine architecture, processor architecture, assembly language fundamentals, data transfer, addressing and arithmetic, procedures, conditional processing, integer arithmetic, strings and arrays, structures and macros, 32-bit Windows programming, language interface, disk fundamentals, BIOS-level programming, MS-DOS programming, floating-point programming, and IA-32 instruction encoding.For embedded systems programmers and engineers, communication specialists, game programmers, and graphics programmers. |
| equ in assembly language: Modern Assembly Language Programming with the ARM Processor Larry D Pyeatt, 2024-05-22 Modern Assembly Language Programming with the ARM Processor, Second Edition is a tutorial-based book on assembly language programming using the ARM processor. It presents the concepts of assembly language programming in different ways, slowly building from simple examples towards complex programming on bare-metal embedded systems. The ARM processor was chosen as it has fewer instructions and irregular addressing rules to learn than most other architectures, allowing more time to spend on teaching assembly language programming concepts and good programming practice. Careful consideration is given to topics that students struggle to grasp, such as registers vs. memory and the relationship between pointers and addresses, recursion, and non-integral binary mathematics. A whole chapter is dedicated to structured programming principles. Concepts are illustrated and reinforced with many tested and debugged assembly and C source listings. The book also covers advanced topics such as fixed- and floating-point mathematics, optimization, and the ARM VFP and NEONTM extensions. - Includes concepts that are illustrated and reinforced with a large number of tested and debugged assembly and C source listing - Intended for use on very low-cost platforms, such as the Raspberry Pi or pcDuino, but with the support of a full Linux operating system and development tools - Includes discussions of advanced topics, such as fixed and floating point mathematics, optimization, and the ARM VFP and NEON extensions - Explores ethical issues involving safety-critical applications - Features updated content, including a new chapter on the Thumb instruction set |
| equ in assembly language: Raspberry Pi Assembly Language Programming Stephen Smith, 2019-10-23 Gain all the skills required to dive into the fundamentals of the Raspberry Pi hardware architecture and how data is stored in the Pi’s memory. This book provides you with working starting points for your own projects while you develop a working knowledge of Assembly language programming on the Raspberry Pi. You'll learn how to interface to the Pi’s hardware including accessing the GPIO ports. The book will cover the basics of code optimization as well as how to inter-operate with C and Python code, so you'll develop enough background to use the official ARM reference documentation for further projects. With Raspberry Pi Assembly Language Programming as your guide you'll study how to read and reverse engineer machine code and then then apply those new skills to study code examples and take control of your Pi’s hardware and software both. What You'll Learn Program basic ARM 32-Bit Assembly Language Interface with the various hardware devices on the Raspberry Pi Comprehend code containing Assembly language Use the official ARM reference documentation Who This Book Is For Coders who have already learned to program in a higher-level language like Python, Java, C#, or C and now wish to learn Assembly programming. |
| equ in assembly language: ARM Assembly Language William Hohl, Christopher Hinds, 2014-10-20 Delivering a solid introduction to assembly language and embedded systems, ARM Assembly Language: Fundamentals and Techniques, Second Edition continues to support the popular ARM7TDMI, but also addresses the latest architectures from ARM, including Cortex-A, Cortex-R, and Cortex-M processors-all of which have slightly different instruction sets, p |
| equ in assembly language: Guide to Assembly Language Programming in Linux Sivarama P. Dandamudi, 2005-12-06 Introduces Linux concepts to programmers who are familiar with other operating systems such as Windows XP Provides comprehensive coverage of the Pentium assembly language |
| equ in assembly language: The Art of 64-Bit Assembly, Volume 1 Randall Hyde, 2021-11-16 A new assembly language programming book from a well-loved master. Art of 64-bit Assembly Language capitalizes on the long-lived success of Hyde's seminal The Art of Assembly Language. Randall Hyde's The Art of Assembly Language has been the go-to book for learning assembly language for decades. Hyde's latest work, Art of 64-bit Assembly Language is the 64-bit version of this popular text. This book guides you through the maze of assembly language programming by showing how to write assembly code that mimics operations in High-Level Languages. This leverages your HLL knowledge to rapidly understand x86-64 assembly language. This new work uses the Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM), the most popular x86-64 assembler today. Hyde covers the standard integer set, as well as the x87 FPU, SIMD parallel instructions, SIMD scalar instructions (including high-performance floating-point instructions), and MASM's very powerful macro facilities. You'll learn in detail: how to implement high-level language data and control structures in assembly language; how to write parallel algorithms using the SIMD (single-instruction, multiple-data) instructions on the x86-64; and how to write stand alone assembly programs and assembly code to link with HLL code. You'll also learn how to optimize certain algorithms in assembly to produce faster code. |
| equ in assembly language: Introduction to Computer Organization Robert G. Plantz, 2022-01-25 This hands-on tutorial is a broad examination of how a modern computer works. Classroom tested for over a decade, it gives readers a firm understanding of how computers do what they do, covering essentials like data storage, logic gates and transistors, data types, the CPU, assembly, and machine code. Introduction to Computer Organization gives programmers a practical understanding of what happens in a computer when you execute your code. You may never have to write x86-64 assembly language or design hardware yourself, but knowing how the hardware and software works will give you greater control and confidence over your coding decisions. We start with high level fundamental concepts like memory organization, binary logic, and data types and then explore how they are implemented at the assembly language level. The goal isn’t to make you an assembly programmer, but to help you comprehend what happens behind the scenes between running your program and seeing “Hello World” displayed on the screen. Classroom-tested for over a decade, this book will demystify topics like: How to translate a high-level language code into assembly language How the operating system manages hardware resources with exceptions and interrupts How data is encoded in memory How hardware switches handle decimal data How program code gets transformed into machine code the computer understands How pieces of hardware like the CPU, input/output, and memory interact to make the entire system work Author Robert Plantz takes a practical approach to the material, providing examples and exercises on every page, without sacrificing technical details. Learning how to think like a computer will help you write better programs, in any language, even if you never look at another line of assembly code again. |
| equ in assembly language: Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming Daniel Kusswurm, 2018-12-06 Gain the fundamentals of x86 64-bit assembly language programming and focus on the updated aspects of the x86 instruction set that are most relevant to application software development. This book covers topics including x86 64-bit programming and Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) programming. The focus in this second edition is exclusively on 64-bit base programming architecture and AVX programming. Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming’s structure and sample code are designed to help you quickly understand x86 assembly language programming and the computational capabilities of the x86 platform. After reading and using this book, you’ll be able to code performance-enhancing functions and algorithms using x86 64-bit assembly language and the AVX, AVX2 and AVX-512 instruction set extensions. What You Will Learn Discover details of the x86 64-bit platform including its core architecture, data types, registers, memory addressing modes, and the basic instruction set Use the x86 64-bit instruction set to create performance-enhancing functions that are callable from a high-level language (C++) Employ x86 64-bit assembly language to efficiently manipulate common data types and programming constructs including integers, text strings, arrays, and structures Use the AVX instruction set to perform scalar floating-point arithmetic Exploit the AVX, AVX2, and AVX-512 instruction sets to significantly accelerate the performance of computationally-intense algorithms in problem domains such as image processing, computer graphics, mathematics, and statistics Apply various coding strategies and techniques to optimally exploit the x86 64-bit, AVX, AVX2, and AVX-512 instruction sets for maximum possible performance Who This Book Is For Software developers who want to learn how to write code using x86 64-bit assembly language. It’s also ideal for software developers who already have a basic understanding of x86 32-bit or 64-bit assembly language programming and are interested in learning how to exploit the SIMD capabilities of AVX, AVX2 and AVX-512. |
| equ in assembly language: Assembly Language and Systems Programming for the M68000 Family William Ford, William R. Topp, 1996-11 |
| equ in assembly language: ARM Assembly Language with Hardware Experiments Ata Elahi, Trevor Arjeski, 2014-12-08 This book provides a hands-on approach to learning ARM assembly language with the use of a TI microcontroller. The book starts with an introduction to computer architecture and then discusses number systems and digital logic. The text covers ARM Assembly Language, ARM Cortex Architecture and its components, and Hardware Experiments using TILM3S1968. Written for those interested in learning embedded programming using an ARM Microcontroller. |
| equ in assembly language: Introduction to Microcontrollers G. Jack Lipovski, 2004-09-10 The perfect choice for your one-semester course on Microcontrollers! |
| equ in assembly language: Hardware and Computer Organization Arnold S. Berger, 2005-05-06 Hardware and Computer Organization is a practical introduction to the architecture of modern microprocessors for students and professionals alike. It is designed to take readers under the hood of modern embedded computer systems and PCs, and provide them with an understanding of these complex machines that has become such a pervasive part of everyday life. Unlike other texts on this topic, Dr. Berger's book takes the software developer's point-of-view. Instead of simply demonstrating how to design a computer's hardware, it provides an understanding of the total machine, highlighting strengths and weaknesses, explaining how to deal with memory and how to write efficient assembly code that interacts directly with and takes best advantage of the underlying machine.--BOOK JACKET. |
| equ in assembly language: Programming with 64-Bit ARM Assembly Language Stephen Smith, 2020-05-01 Mastering ARM hardware architecture opens a world of programming for nearly all phones and tablets including the iPhone/iPad and most Android phones. It’s also the heart of many single board computers like the Raspberry Pi. Gain the skills required to dive into the fundamentals of the ARM hardware architecture with this book and start your own projects while you develop a working knowledge of assembly language for the ARM 64-bit processor. You'll review assembly language programming for the ARM Processor in 64-bit mode and write programs for a number of single board computers, including the Nvidia Jetson Nano and the Raspberry Pi (running 64-bit Linux). The book also discusses how to target assembly language programs for Apple iPhones and iPads along with 64-Bit ARM based Android phones and tablets. It covers all the tools you require, the basics of the ARM hardware architecture, all the groups of ARM 64-Bit Assembly instructions, and how data is stored in the computer’s memory. In addition, interface apps to hardware such as the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO ports. The book covers code optimization, as well as how to inter-operate with C and Python code. Readers will develop enough background to use the official ARM reference documentation for their own projects. With Programming with 64-Bit ARM Assembly Language as your guide you’ll study how to read, reverse engineer and hack machine code, then be able to apply these new skills to study code examples and take control of both your ARM devices’ hardware and software. What You'll LearnMake operating system calls from assembly language and include other software libraries in your projects Interface apps to hardware devices such as the Raspberry Pi GPIO ports Reverse engineer and hack code Use the official ARM reference documentation for your own projects Who This Book Is For Software developers who have already learned to program in a higher-level language like Python, Java, C#, or even C and now wish to learn Assembly programming. |
| equ in assembly language: 32/64-Bit 80x86 Assembly Language Architecture James Leiterman, 2005-08-10 The increasing complexity of programming environments provides a number of opportunities for assembly language programmers. 32/64-Bit 80x86 Assembly Language Architecture attempts to break through that complexity by providing a step-by-step understanding of programming Intel and AMD 80x86 processors in assembly language. This book explains 32-bit and 64-bit 80x86 assembly language programming inclusive of the SIMD (single instruction multiple data) instruction supersets that bring the 80x86 processor into the realm of the supercomputer, gives insight into the FPU (floating-point unit) chip in every Pentium processor, and offers strategies for optimizing code. |
| equ in assembly language: Write Great Code, Vol. 2 Randall Hyde, 2004 Provides information on how computer systems operate, how compilers work, and writing source code. |
| equ in assembly language: Microcontrollers Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, 2018-10-08 Focusing on the line of high-performance microcontrollers offered by Microchip, Microcontrollers: High-Performance Systems and Programming discusses the practical factors that make the high-performance PIC series a better choice than their mid-range predecessors for most systems. However, one consideration in favor of the mid-range devices is the abundance of published application circuits and code samples. This book fills that gap. Possibility of programming high-performance microcontrollers in a high-level language (C language) Source code compatibility with PIC16 microcontrollers, which facilitates code migration from mid-range to PIC18 devices Pin compatibility of some PIC18 devices with their PIC16 predecessors, making the reuse of PIC16 controllers in circuits originally designed for mid-range hardware possible Designed to be functional and hands-on, this book provides sample circuits with their corresponding programs. It clearly depicts and labels the circuits, in a way that is easy to follow and reuse. Each circuit includes a parts list of the resources and components required for its fabrication. The book matches sample programs to the individual circuits, discusses general programming techniques, and includes appendices with useful information. |
| equ in assembly language: Newsletter University of Michigan Computing Center, 1975 |
| equ in assembly language: Advanced Microprocessors and Microcontrollers B.P. Singh, 19?? |
| equ in assembly language: IBM PC Assembly Language Donna N. Tabler, 1985-11-11 Teaching all aspects of OS Assembler Language, this self- study guide begins with instructions in writing, assembling and running simple programs. Then it goes on to cover progressively more difficult aspects, such as packed decimal and fixed-point numeric handling and arithmetic operations, the use of subroutines and subprograms, the definition and use of macros, the definition and handling of tables, and the use of advanced techniques such as bit manipulations and logic operations. In addition, the book also features numerous exercises with immediate feedback. |
| equ in assembly language: Microprocessor Theory and Applications with 68000/68020 and Pentium M. Rafiquzzaman, 2008-09-22 MICROPROCESSOR THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WITH 68000/68020 AND PENTIUM A SELF-CONTAINED INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR THEORY AND APPLICATIONS This book presents the fundamental concepts of assembly language programming and system design associated with typical microprocessors, such as the Motorola MC68000/68020 and Intel® Pentium®. It begins with an overview of microprocessors—including an explanation of terms, the evolution of the microprocessor, and typical applications—and goes on to systematically cover: Microcomputer architecture Microprocessor memory organization Microprocessor Input/Output (I/O) Microprocessor programming concepts Assembly language programming with the 68000 68000 hardware and interfacing Assembly language programming with the 68020 68020 hardware and interfacing Assembly language programming with Pentium Pentium hardware and interfacing The author assumes a background in basic digital logic, and all chapters conclude with a Questions and Problems section, with selected answers provided at the back of the book. Microprocessor Theory and Applications with 68000/68020 and Pentium is an ideal textbook for undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. (An instructor’s manual is available upon request.) It is also appropriate for practitioners in microprocessor system design who are looking for simplified explanations and clear examples on the subject. Additionally, the accompanying Website, which contains step-by-step procedures for installing and using Ide 68k21 (68000/68020) and MASM32 / Olly Debugger (Pentium) software, provides valuable simulation results via screen shots. |
| equ in assembly language: Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture Richard C. Detmer, 2001 Computer Science |
| equ in assembly language: Windows Assembly Language and Systems Programming Barry Kauler, 1997-01-09 -Access Real mode from Protected mode; Protected mode from Real mode Apply OOP concepts to assembly language programs Interface assembly language programs with high-level languages Achieve direct hardware manipulation and memory access Explore the archite |
| equ in assembly language: Reference Data for Engineers Mac E. Van Valkenburg, Wendy M. Middleton, 2001-09-26 This standard handbook for engineers covers the fundamentals, theory and applications of radio, electronics, computers, and communications equipment. It provides information on essential, need-to-know topics without heavy emphasis on complicated mathematics. It is a must-have for every engineer who requires electrical, electronics, and communications data. Featured in this updated version is coverage on intellectual property and patents, probability and design, antennas, power electronics, rectifiers, power supplies, and properties of materials. Useful information on units, constants and conversion factors, active filter design, antennas, integrated circuits, surface acoustic wave design, and digital signal processing is also included. This work also offers new knowledge in the fields of satellite technology, space communication, microwave science, telecommunication, global positioning systems, frequency data, and radar. |
| equ in assembly language: Some Assembly Required Timothy S Margush, 2016-04-19 A family of internationally popular microcontrollers, the Atmel AVR microcontroller series is a low-cost hardware development platform suitable for an educational environment. Until now, no text focused on the assembly language programming of these microcontrollers. Through detailed coverage of assembly language programming principles and technique |
| equ in assembly language: Design by Evolution Philip F. Hingston, Luigi C. Barone, Zbigniew Michalewicz, 2008-09-30 Evolution is Nature’s design process. The natural world is full of wonderful examples of its successes, from engineering design feats such as powered flight, to the design of complex optical systems such as the mammalian eye, to the merely stunningly beautiful designs of orchids or birds of paradise. With increasing computational power, we are now able to simulate this process with greater fidelity, combining complex simulations with high-performance evolutionary algorithms to tackle problems that used to be impractical. This book showcases the state of the art in evolutionary algorithms for design. The chapters are organized by experts in the following fields: evolutionary design and intelligent design in biology, art, computational embryogeny, and engineering. The book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners and graduate students in natural computing, engineering design, biology and the creative arts. |
| equ in assembly language: Microcontroller: Features and Applications D. S. Yadav, 2004 |
| equ in assembly language: Assembly Language Step-by-Step Jeff Duntemann, 2011-03-03 The eagerly anticipated new edition of the bestselling introduction to x86 assembly language The long-awaited third edition of this bestselling introduction to assembly language has been completely rewritten to focus on 32-bit protected-mode Linux and the free NASM assembler. Assembly is the fundamental language bridging human ideas and the pure silicon hearts of computers, and popular author Jeff Dunteman retains his distinctive lighthearted style as he presents a step-by-step approach to this difficult technical discipline. He starts at the very beginning, explaining the basic ideas of programmable computing, the binary and hexadecimal number systems, the Intel x86 computer architecture, and the process of software development under Linux. From that foundation he systematically treats the x86 instruction set, memory addressing, procedures, macros, and interface to the C-language code libraries upon which Linux itself is built. Serves as an ideal introduction to x86 computing concepts, as demonstrated by the only language directly understood by the CPU itself Uses an approachable, conversational style that assumes no prior experience in programming of any kind Presents x86 architecture and assembly concepts through a cumulative tutorial approach that is ideal for self-paced instruction Focuses entirely on free, open-source software, including Ubuntu Linux, the NASM assembler, the Kate editor, and the Gdb/Insight debugger Includes an x86 instruction set reference for the most common machine instructions, specifically tailored for use by programming beginners Woven into the presentation are plenty of assembly code examples, plus practical tips on software design, coding, testing, and debugging, all using free, open-source software that may be downloaded without charge from the Internet. |
| equ in assembly language: Assembly Language Programming for the IBM System 370 and Compatible Computers Michael D. Kudlick, 1988 |
| equ in assembly language: PC Mag , 1988-09-13 PCMag.com is a leading authority on technology, delivering Labs-based, independent reviews of the latest products and services. Our expert industry analysis and practical solutions help you make better buying decisions and get more from technology. |
| equ in assembly language: Arm Assembly Language - An Introduction (Second Edition) J. R. Gibson, 2011 An introductory text describing the ARM assembly language and its use for simple programming tasks. |
| equ in assembly language: 6502 Assembly Language Programming Judi N. Fernandez, Donna N. Tabler, Ruth Ashley, 1983 Takes Owners of Apple, Atari & Commodore Through the Entire Instruction Set, Offering Hundreds of Opportunities to Practice Coding Typical Routines |
| equ in assembly language: Nibble , 1992 |
| equ in assembly language: Computer Architecture with Python and ARM Alan Clements, 2023-07-31 Learn computer architecture with Python and ARM, simulating assembly program execution and designing a computer simulator Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key Features Build a computer simulator with Python: Learn computer architecture by designing and constructing a simulator Python for architecture: Use Python to simulate and execute assembly language instructions ARM programming on Raspberry Pi: Explore ARM assembly language and run programs on Raspberry Pi Book DescriptionThis comprehensive guide offers a unique and immersive learning experience by combining Python programming with ARM architecture. Starting with an introduction to computer architecture and the flow of data within a computer system, you’ll progress to building your own interpreter using Python. You’ll see how this foundation enables the simulation of computer operations and learn ways to enhance a simulator by adding new instructions and displaying improved results. As you advance, you’ll explore the TC1 Assembler and Simulator Program to gain insights into instruction analysis and explore practical examples of simulators. This will help you build essential skills in understanding complex computer instructions, strengthening your grasp of computer architecture. Moreover, you’ll be introduced to the Raspberry Pi operating system, preparing you to delve into the detailed language of the ARM computer. This includes exploring the ARM instruction set architecture, data-processing instructions, subroutines, and the stack. With clear explanations, practical examples, and coding exercises, this resource will enable you to design and construct your own computer simulator, simulate assembly language programs, and leverage the Raspberry Pi for ARM programming.What you will learn Master the core principles of computer architecture Understand the role of registers, memory, and data flow in computers Discover how to design and implement a computer simulator using Python Simulate and execute assembly language programs on the simulator Enhance the simulator using new instructions for improved output Analyze complex computer instructions for deeper architectural understanding Explore the ARM instruction set and data processing on the Raspberry Pi Develop proficiency in writing, assembling, and running ARM code on the Raspberry Pi Who this book is for This book is for university students studying computer science, particularly those enrolled in a computer architecture module. With its practical approach and succinct explanations, it is also suitable for hobbyists, enthusiasts, and self-learners seeking a deeper understanding of computer systems. The book assumes foundational knowledge of number bases, binary arithmetic, and Boolean logic concepts. While it primarily caters to the computer science field, this book is less geared toward electrical or electronics engineering. |
| equ in assembly language: 68000 Family Assembly Language Alan Clements, 1994 Clements has a gift for conveying highly complex, technical information in an exceptionally clear and readable manner. Clements writing style is very student oriented, and stresses the basics of 68000 ASL while also covering the latest information on ASL later generation chips. |
| equ in assembly language: Introduction to Embedded Systems Manuel Jiménez, Rogelio Palomera, Isidoro Couvertier, 2013-09-11 This textbook serves as an introduction to the subject of embedded systems design, using microcontrollers as core components. It develops concepts from the ground up, covering the development of embedded systems technology, architectural and organizational aspects of controllers and systems, processor models, and peripheral devices. Since microprocessor-based embedded systems tightly blend hardware and software components in a single application, the book also introduces the subjects of data representation formats, data operations, and programming styles. The practical component of the book is tailored around the architecture of a widely used Texas Instrument’s microcontroller, the MSP430 and a companion web site offers for download an experimenter’s kit and lab manual, along with Powerpoint slides and solutions for instructors. |
| equ in assembly language: 80286 Assembly Language on MS-DOS Computers Leo J. Scanlon, 1986 |
| equ in assembly language: Assembly Language Programming with the IBM PC AT Leo J. Scanlon, 1986 |
| equ in assembly language: Rapid Prototyping of Digital Systems James O. Hamblen, Michael D. Furman, 2007-05-08 Rapid Prototyping of Digital Systems, Second Edition provides an exciting and challenging laboratory component for an undergraduate digital logic design class. The more advanced topics and exercises are also appropriate for consideration at schools that have an upper level course in digital logic or programmable logic. Design engineers working in industry will also want to consider this book for a rapid introduction to FPLD technology and logic synthesis using commercial CAD tools, especially if they have not had previous experience with the new and rapidly evolving technology. Two tutorials on the Altera CAD tool environment, an overview of programmable logic, and a design library with several easy-to-use input and output functions were developed for this book to help the reader get started quickly. Early design examples use schematic capture and library components. VHDL is used for more complex designs after a short introduction to VHDL-based synthesis. A coupon is included with the text for purchase of the new UP 1X board. The additional logic and memory in the UP 1X's FLEX 10K70 is useful on larger design projects such as computers and video games. The second edition includes an update chapter on programmable logic, new robot sensors and projects, optional Verilog examples, and a meta assembler which can be used to develop assemble language programs for the computer designs in Chapters 8 and 13. |
| equ in assembly language: Assembler Language Programming for the IBM 370 Frank M. Carrano, 1988 |
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